Academic literature on the topic 'Ex Rchb'

The generic name Dichodon (Bartl. ex Rchb.) Rchb. was previously reinstated based on results from recent molecular phylogenetic studies. Accordingly, Dichodon parvipetalum (Hosok.) G. Yao, a new combination for the species Cerastium parvipetalum Hosok. is proposed.

Gudaityte, Odeta (2010): The Ecologicaland Phytosociological Characteristics Of Communities With Achillea Cartilaginea Ledeb. Ex Rchb. In Lithuania. Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis 2: 17-27

Facchinia Rchb. (Alsinoideae–Caryophyllaceae), earlier found not to be part of Minuartia s.str., is here revised. The genus contains seven species, one of which has two subspecies. Seven new combinations are made: Facchinia cerastiifolia (Ramond ex DC.) Dillenb. & Kadereit, F. cherlerioides (Sieber) Dillenb. & Kadereit, F. cherlerioides subsp. aretioides (Port. ex J.Gay) Dillenb. & Kadereit, F. grignensis (Rchb.) Dillenb. & Kadereit, F. herniarioides (Rion) Dillenb. & Kadereit, F. rupestris (Scop.) Dillenb. & Kadereit, and F. valentina (Pau) Dillenb. & Kadereit. Keys to Minuartia s.str., the Old World segregate genera of Minuartia s.l., and to the species and subspecies of Facchinia are provided. All taxa are described and mapped, and some are illustrated.

The inflorescence development patterns as well as morphological structure of the flowers of 9 <em>Coelogyne </em>Lindl. (Orchidaceae Juss.) species from the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine collection &mdash; <em>C. brachyptera</em> Rchb. f., <em>C. dichroanthа</em> Gagnep., <em>C. fimbriata </em>Lindl., <em>C. flaccida</em> Lindl., <em>C. huettneriana</em> Rchb. f., <em>C. nitida </em>(Wall. ex D. Don) Lindl., <em>C. ovalis</em> Lindl., <em>C. speciosa</em> Lindl., <em>C. tomentosa</em> Lindl. are studied.

Abstract A new species of Microchilus C. Presl, M. leucostictus Rchb. f. ex Szlach. &amp; Kolan, is described and illustrated based on Peruvian material. The taxonomic affinities of the new entity are briefly discussed.

Abstract Rhinorchis heteroplectron Rchb. f. ex Szlach. &amp; Kolan., a new species from French Guiana, is described and illustrated. The differences between R. heteroplectron and similar species are briefly discussed and an identification key for representatives of the genus reported from French Guiana is included.

The article includes a brief botanical description of three new proposal objects of Ukrainian nature reserve fund – «Zhukivskyi» and «Buhayivskyi» local landscape reserves and «Kostochky» local botanical reserve. These territories are one of the most valuable natural vegetation areas within Poltava town territorial commune and their creation will protect the localities of six plant species ftom «The Red Data Book of Ukraine» (Colchicum versicolor Ker Gawl., Crocus reticulatus Steven ex Adam, Tulipa quercetorum Klokov &amp; Zoz, Stipa capillata L., Adonis vernalis L., Astragalus dasyanthus Pall.),22 regionally rare vascular plant species within Poltava region (Veratrum nigrum L., Iris aphylla L., Bellevalia speciosa Woronow, Hyacinthella leucophaea (K. Koch) Schur, Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten., Scilla siberica Haw., Convallaria majalis L., Aegilops cylindrica Host, Aconitum lasiostomum Rchb. ex Besser, Clematis integrifolia L., Lathyrus pannonicus (Jacq.) Garcke, Oxytropis pilosa (L.) DC., Prunus avium (L.) L., P. fruticosa Pall., Rosa chrshanovskii Dubovik, Dianthus eugeniae Kleopow, Asyneuma canescens (Waldst. &amp; Kit.) Griseb. &amp; Schenk, Campanula persicifolia L., Aster bessarabicus Bernh. ex Rchb., Cota tinctoria (L.) J. Gay, Jurinea multiflora (L.) B. Fedtsch., Valeriana officinalis L.) and three rare associations of the steppe vegetation (Stipetum capillatae purum, Stipetum (capillatae) festucosum (valesiacae), S. koeleriosum (macranthae)) from the one formation included in «The Green Data Book of Ukraine». The location, area, main vegetation types, number of rare plants species and rare associations were indicated for all proposed reserves.

The study of several specimens of plants collected mainly on the island of Tenerife has allowed to obtain chorological or taxonomic conclusions that represent the proposal of various changes in the catalogue of vascular plants of the Canary Islands (Acebes et al., 2010). Taxa concerned are: Amaranthus blitum L. subsp. emarginatus (Moq. ex Uline &amp; W.L. Bray) Carretero, Muñoz Garm. &amp; Pedrol, Amaranthus quitensis Humb., Bonpl. &amp; Kunth, Amaranthus cruentus L., Foeniculum vulgare Miller subsp. piperitum (Ucria) Coutinho, Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E. Walker, Trifolium repens L., Polygonum capitatum Buchanan-Hamilton ex D. Don y Kickxia commutata (Bernh. ex Rchb.) Fritsch subsp. commutata.

Duas novas combinações são propostas para orquídeas brasileiras: Cyrtopodium polyphyllum (Veil.) Pabst ex F. Barros e Pseudolaelia canaanensis (Ruschi) F. Barros. Maxillciria perpai-va Garay &amp; Dunsterv. é citada pela primeira vez para o Brasil. São apresentadas ilustrações de Maxillaria friedrichsthalii Rchb. f. e Platystele ovalifolia (Focke) Garay &amp; Dunsterv., duas espécies coletadas raramente no Brasil.

The main aim of this study was to find a plant extract or isolated compound that could be used to combat aspergillosis in animals. Aspergillus fumigatus is one of the most common pathogenic fungal species in humans and animals. A. fumigatus is also an economically important fungus in the poultry industry. Current treatment of the disease is hampered by drug resistance of the organism to conventional antifungals and also its widespread toxicity to the animals. Seven tree species that had good antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans in the Phytomedicine Programme database were selected for further work. These tree species were: Combretum vendae A.E. van Wyk (Combretaceae), Commiphora harveyi (Engl.) Engl. (Burseraceae), Khaya anthotheca (Welm.) C.DC (Meliaceae), Kirkia wilmsii Engl. (Kirkiaceae), Loxostylis alata A. Spreng. ex Rchb. (Anacardiaceae), Ochna natalitia (Meisn.) Walp. (Ochnaceae) and Protorhus longifolia (Bernh. Ex C. Krauss) Engl. (Anacardiaceae). The antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of the selected plant species were determined against four important nosocomial bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and five important animal fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Microsporum canis and Sporothrix schenckii) using a serial microplate dilution method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC), of an acetone extract of Loxostylis alata was the lowest against Aspergillus fumigatus with an MIC value of 0.05 mg/ml. The number of antifungal compounds in extracts was determined by bioautography. The acetone extract of L. alata had the most active zones (10). The antioxidant, antiplatelet and cytotoxic effects of the seven plant species were evaluated using established in vitro assays. All the extracts had comparably low toxicity except for the extract of C. harveyi that had high haemagluttination assay titre value, which indicates toxicity. The extracts of P. longifolia, K. wilmsii, O. natalitia, L. alata, C. harveyi and C. vendae contained antioxidant compounds in the qualitative assay using DPPH. In the quantification of antioxidation using ABTS, only the extracts of P. longifolia, L. alata, and C. vendae had substantial antioxidant activity with respective TEAC value of 1.39, 1.94 and 2.08. Similarly, in the quantitative DPPH assay, L. alata. (EC50, 3.58 ± 0.23 μg/ml) and K. wilmsii (EC50, 3.57 ± 0.41 μg/ml) did not differ significantly (p ≤ 0.05) from the positive control (L-ascorbic acid). K. anthotheca had a much lower antioxidant activity (EC<su>50 176.40 ± 26.56 μg/ml), and differed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) from all the other extracts and control. In addition, the extract of C. vendae and C. harveyi had significant (p ≤ 0.05) antiplatelet activity and did not differ from the control (aspirin) with EC50 of 0.06 ± 0.01 μg/ml, 0.19 ± 0.00 μg/ml, respectively. Lower EC50 values in the antioxidant and antiplatelet studies are indicative of superior activity of the plant extract against oxidation and platelet aggregation. Based on the results obtained L. alata was selected for further examination. To simplify the isolation of the antifungal compounds from the L. alata fractions the acetone extract was first separated into six different fractions based on polarity in a mild solvent-solvent fractionation process. The fractions were aqueous methanol, butanol, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, hexane and water fractions. The antimicrobial activities of the fractions as well as other relevant pharmacological tests on the different fractions were carried out. The number of antimicrobial compounds present in the aqueous methanol (AM), butanol (BT), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), chloroform (CC), hexane and water fractions was determined by bioautography. The CCl4 extract was active against six out of the 9 microbial strains used and was particularly active against S. aureus, E. faecalis, A. fumigatus, C. albicans, C. neoformans and M. canis with MIC of 0.04, 0.04, 0.1, 0.1, 0.06 and 0.03 mg/ml, respectively. Microsporum canis was the most sensitive organism with the lowest average MIC of 0.16 mg/ml. Qualitative antioxidation using DPPH and quantitative assay using both ABTS and DPPH radicals revealed the presence of several antioxidant compounds in the AM, BT and water fractions of Loxostylis alata. This supported the usefulness of L. alata in treating fungal diseases, as aspergillosis and most fungal infections are associated with immune depression of the host. Antioxidants may reverse several conditions associated with immune deficiencies, resulting in increased levels of interleukin-2, elevated numbers of total lymphocytes and T-cell subsets. Loxostylis alata is used in southern African traditional medicine to control labour pain and to boost the immune system. Extracts and compounds isolated from leaves of Loxostylis alata were therefore also evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory (cyclooxygenase-1 and -2) activities and evaluated for their potential toxic effects using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98 and TA100. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using a serial microdilution assay. The bacterial strains used were Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC29213), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). The fungal strains used were Cryptococcus neoformans, Sporothrix schenckii, Aspergillus fumigatus, Microsporum canis and Candida albicans. A bioassay guided fractionation of the crude extract yielded two antimicrobial compounds namely, Lupeol and μ-sitosterol Lupeol had the most pronounced zone of inhibition against S. aureus and A. fumigatus., When MICs of the 2 compounds were determined, only lupeol had relatively good activity with MICs values ≤ 100 μg/ml against 8 out of 10 of the tested pathogens. However, β-sitosterol had activity against only S. aureus and E. coli with MICs values of 90 and 110 μg/ml, respectively. In addition β-sitosterol had selective inhibition of COX-1 (IC50 = 55.3 ± 2) None of the compounds isolated were toxic in the Salmonella typhimurium/microsome assay and MTT cytotoxicity test. The isolation of these two compounds is reported for the first time from Loxostylis alata. It was disappointing that the two antifungal compounds isolated from L. alata had such a low activity against Aspergillus fumigatus. This inhibits the development of a single compound that can be used therapeutically. Because the crude extract had very good activity we decided to investigate the safety and potential use of this extract in target animal species. At a dose of 300 mg/kg, the chicks had some signs of intoxication, but not at a dose of 200 mg/kg. Aspergillosis was induced experimentally, in broiler chicks. The degree of infection was assessed by comparing degree and severity of clinical signs, lesion scores and fungal re-isolation from treated chicks with those from infected chicks not treated with the extract. The extract at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg reduced significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the lesions due to aspergillosis and the amount of Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from infected chicks in an excellent dose related response.. The crude extract of L. alata leaves was as active as the commercially used ketoconazole against avian aspergillosis. It appears likely that the crude acetone extract could be produced at a much lower cost than ketoconazole or other chemical antimicrobial products. If these results can be confirmed in larger studies and if the crude extract does not have a negative effect on the production of the poultry the crude extract of L. alata may prove to be a viable and cost effective alternative to using current antimicrobial products. This study proves that it may be worthwhile to invest human and financial resources in searching for plant related products than can increase animal health and productivity. Copyright<br>Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009.<br>Paraclinical Sciences<br>unrestricted

Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb., a medicinal plant rich in volatile compounds, was used to study the effects of biotic and abiotic stresses over plant growth and secondary metabolism. Biotic stress was induced by Myzus persiceae Sulzer and Macrosiphoniella millefolii (De Geer ), a generalist and specialist aphid species respectively. Abiotic stress was caused by mechanical damages provoked by a pin and a specially built equipment which apply a controlled and extended pressure to the plants. Plant growth and volatile compounds emissions were evaluated in the different experimental conditions analyzed. The effect of jasmonic acid on the plant volatile fingerprint was also evaluated. The volatile emission patterns obtained in the different conditions were compared in order to have suggestions regarding the metabolic pathways activated in each situation. Furthermore pea (Pisum sativum L.) and peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) volatile fingerprints due to M. persicae infestation were analyzed and compared to those obtained from A. collina. The comparison of the results lead to the identification of volatile compounds induced only by the aphids in all the plant species studied, suggesting the activation of a common metabolic pathway due to infestation. Preliminary molecular approach seems to confirm pytochemical data.

Darbo objektas – alksnio genties medžiai (juodalksnis (Alnus glutinosa L.), baltalksnis (Alnus incana L.) ir hibridinis (gauruotasis) alksnis (Alnus x hybrida A. Braun ex Rcchb). Darbo tikslas – ištirti hibridinio alksnio (Alnus x hybrida A. Braun ex Rcchb) mikrodauginimo audinių kultūroje sąlygas ir išauginti augalus – regenerantus. Darbo metodai – šiame darbe pasirinktas informacijos rinkimo metodas – eksperimentinis tyrimas. Eksperimentinio tyrimo etapai: 1. eksplantų paruošimas sterilinimui ir sterilinimas; 2. maitinamosios terpės ruošimas; 3. augalų regenerantų kultivavimas; 4. duomenų rinkimas, apdorojimas ir rezultatų analizė. Darbo rezultatai: Dauginamosios medžiagos sterilinimui tinkamiausias yra aseptikas „ACE“ ir sidabro nitratas AgNO3, nes priklausomai nuo genotipo, 89–93 procentai eksplantų išliko be užkrato. Nepaisant genotipo kalius 100 procentų susidarė ant visų mikroūglių, skyrėsi tik jo susidarymo laikas. Nustatyta, kad tinkamiausias mikroūglių regeneracijai yra BAP (citokininas) augimo reguliatorius. Hibridinis alksnis mikroūglių skaičiumi aplenkė juodalksnį ir baltalksnį. Didžiausias dauginimo galimybes turi alksnio hibridas, nes iš vieno kaliaus išaugusių mikroūglių skaičius buvo didžiausias.<br>Final work of University Postgraduate Studies studied the hybrid alder tissue culture and micropropagation of plants–regenerants grown. Research subject – genus alder trees (alder (Alnus glutinosa L.), gray alder (Alnus incana L.) and hybrid (Woolly) alder (Alnus x hybrida A. Braun ex Rcchb). Research aim – to investigate the hybrid alder (Alnus x hybrida A. Braun ex Rcchb) micropropagation conditions in the culture of tissue and to grow crops–regenerants. The experimental phases of the study: 1. the preparation to sterilized explants and sterilization; 2. the preparation of nutrient medium; 3. the cultivation of regenerants–plants; 4. collection, processing of data and analysis of the results. The results – The aseptic „ACE“ and silver nitrate AgNO3 is the most suitable for the sterilization, because depending on the genotype, 89-93 percent of the explants remained free of infection. Despite of genotype callus formed 100 percent on the every microshoots, only in the different time of life. It was found out the best growth regulator of microshoots regeneration is BAP (cytokinin). Hybrid alder by the number of microshoots outsriped alder and gray alder. The biggest opportunities of propagation has hybrid alder because the biggest number of microshoots grown from a single callus.

La familia Orchidaceae es una de las más grandes y diversas dentro de las fanerogamas, es de distribución cosmopolita y habita en todas las regiones fitogeograficas y climáticas; sin embargo; se calcula que nuestro país alberga 3000 especies de orquídeas; es una de las familias con mayor número de especies en peligro de extinción y una de las más vigiladas dentro del CITES. La familia Orchidaceae con 1. 500 especies registradas hasta el año 2003, es el grupo de plantas más diverso del país y representa el 10% la flora boliviana. El presente trabajo busca Identificar especies de orquídeas en el departamento de Pando; Identificar el tipo de hábitat en el que se desarrolla; Evidenciar el problema que atraviesa la botánica en Pando Bolivia. El trabajo de estudio se enmarca en el conocimiento botánico, mismo que acompaño a varios trabajos de investigación en la Amazonia Boliviana (Pando). El trabajo se realizó durante las caminatas de ida y de retorno hacia las áreas designadas para la instalación de PPMs. Esto nos permitió alcanzar una colección fotográfica, de algunos ejemplares de orquídeas, las colectas fotográficas botánicas se realizaron durante la época lluviosa, antes o al finalizar las mismas; las que se sometió a revisiones con bibliográficas especializada. Identificando: Catacetum barbatum (lindl.) lindl; Catasetum gnomus Linden &amp; Rchb. f.; Catasetum osculatum K. Lacerda &amp; V.P. Castro; Catasetum saccatum Lindl; Encyclia angustiloba Schltr.; Epidendrum cristatum Ruiz &amp; Pav.; Epidendrum cf anceps. Jacq.; Galeandra baueri Lindl.; Maxillaria nigrescens Lindl.; Oncidium cebolleta (Jacq.)M.W.Chase &amp;N.H.William; Ornithocephalus myrticola Lindl.; Psygmorchis pumilio ((Rchb.f.) Dodson &amp; Dressler); Rodriguezia lanceolata Ruiz &amp; Pav.; Scapigliotis cf prolifera (R.Br) Cogn.; Scaphyglottis stellata Lodd. Ex. Lindl. El presente trabajo se ha podido establecer la presencia de orquídeas en: bosques de tierra firme, bosques de barzea (galería), bosques de anegados (palmares) siendo el Bosque de Tierra firme con mayor número de registros de orquídeas.

The study refers to 3 species of the genus Helichrysum Mill. (Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench. and Helichrysum luteoalbum (L.) Rchb. a rare species in the spontaneous flora, and an allochthonous species Helichrysum italicum (Roth.) G. Don.) maintained in the collections of National Botanical Garden (Institute). Due to a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, species of Helichrysum Mill. are important sources of raw material with therapeutic and melliferous importance and presents important study objects for further introduction research and breeding activities in order to enrich the cultivated flora with valuable plants, promising for the economic sector. The investigated species are characterized by the full realization of the annual development cycle, are quite stable under ex situ conditions, grow and develop successfully, fact that indicates their wide ecological plasticity, high adaptive potential and the prospects for cultivation on large scale.

Выявление проблем в таксономии семейства Liliaceae Juss., непрерывная работа по инвентаризации состава семейства Liliaceae. в пределах Алтайской горной страны (АГС), послужили основанием для привлечения в наши исследования молекулярно-генетических методов. На данный момент семейство Liliaceae насчитывает 34 вида из 5 родов [1]. Род Gagea Salisb, как преобладающий по составу и вызывающий наибольшие затруднения при диагностике таксонов представляет наибольший интерес. Сложности в определении таксонов вызваны полиморфизмом представителей рода, что приводит к затруднительному разграничению вариативных морфологических признаков. На основе собственных полученных последовательностей ядерной ДНК (ITS) и привлеченных данных с NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) построено филогенетическое дерево для представителей рода Gagea с территории АГС. Нуклеотидные последовательности Gagea xiphoidea Levichev, G. goljakovii Levichev и G. azutavica Kotuch. получены в ходе реализации проекта по ДНК-штрихкодированию типовых образцов, хранящихся в гербарии ALTB АлтГУ [3]. Эволюционный анализ проведен с помощью программы MEGA11 [2] методом «maximum likelihood (ML)» c выбором «Bootstrap method» филогенетического теста c количеством репликаций 500. Модель эволюции ДНК «Jukes-Cantor distance». Выровненная матрица данных для локуса «ITS» имела длину 725 п.н. Некоторые секции Gagea (например, Plecostigma и Gagea) хорошо соотнеслись с полученными данными. Подтверждена монофилия Gagea и Lloydia Salisb. ex Rchb. Необходимо обратить внимание на G. bulbifera (Pall.) Salisb. и G. albertii Regel. для уточнения их положения в системе. Дальнейший анализ молекулярных и морфологических данных позволит более объективно уточнить родственные связи внутри рода Gagea.