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Journal articles on the topic 'Exchange intermediary'
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Kim, Nam Jong. "Intermediary-Determined Exchange Rates." International Business Journal 27, no. 3 (2016): 1–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14365/ibj.2016.27.3.1.
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Yin, Libo. "Can the intermediary capital risk predict foreign exchange rates?" Finance Research Letters 37 (November 2020): 101349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.101349.
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COWTON, TOM, ANDREW SOLE, PETER NIENOW, DONALD SLATER, DAVID WILTON, and EDWARD HANNA. "Controls on the transport of oceanic heat to Kangerdlugssuaq Glacier, East Greenland." Journal of Glaciology 62, no. 236 (2016): 1167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jog.2016.117.
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ABSTRACTGreenland's marine-terminating glaciers may be sensitive to oceanic heat, but the fjord processes controlling delivery of this heat to glacier termini remain poorly constrained. Here we use a three-dimensional numerical model of Kangerdlugssuaq Fjord, East Greenland, to examine controls on fjord/shelf exchange. We find that shelf-forced intermediary circulation can replace up to ~25% of the fjord volume with shelf waters within 10 d, while buoyancy-driven circulation (forced by subglacial runoff from marine-terminating glaciers) exchanges ~10% of the fjord volume over a 10 d period under typical summer conditions. However, while the intermediary circulation generates higher exchange rates between the fjord and shelf, the buoyancy-driven circulation is consistent over time hence more efficient at transporting water along the full length of the fjord. We thus find that buoyancy-driven circulation is the primary conveyor of oceanic heat to glaciers during the melt season. Intermediary circulation will however dominate during winter unless there is sufficient input of fresh water from subglacial melting. Our findings suggest that increasing shelf water temperatures and stronger buoyancy-driven circulation caused the heat available for melting at Kangerdlugssuaq Glacier to increase by ~50% between 1993–2001 and 2002–11, broadly coincident with the onset of rapid retreat at this glacier.
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Striukova, Ludmila, and Thierry Rayna. "University-industry knowledge exchange." European Journal of Innovation Management 18, no. 4 (2015): 471–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-10-2013-0098.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of what Open Innovation means within university context. Focus is also put on the role universities believe they should play in Open Innovation, as well as the changes that might have arisen as a consequence of universities’ greater awareness of this concept. Design/methodology/approach – The research methodology used is an exploratory study based on in-depth semi-structured interviews of Pro-Vice-Chancellors (or equivalent level) of a variety of British universities. The study was designed around five main research themes: discourse, change, strategy, management, Open Innovation success. Findings – In addition to the traditional teaching, research and knowledge transfer roles of university, this study has uncovered a new role of universities: trusted intermediary (or “Open Innovation Hub”). Another key finding of this study is that it highlights the diversity that prevails in the UK with regard to Open Innovation. Research limitations/implications – The number of the interviews conducted for this study is probably not large enough to allow a solid generalisation. Data saturation, however, was achieved in this study. The insight provided by this study is particularly significant as interviewees were amongst the highest-ranking executives in their respective universities. Hence the views reported in this study are what “drives” Open Innovation policies in the universities that participated in this study. Practical implications – This new role of a trusted intermediary played by universities is very likely to change the existing Open Innovation landscape and re-shape policies. Social implications – The changing role of universities within Open Innovation context may potentially change the respective role of other stakeholders in the Open Innovation ecosystem. Originality/value – This is the first study aimed at investigating how British universities understand Open Innovation and what opportunities and challenges they associate with this process.
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Haddad, Nabih. "Foundation-sponsored networks: Brokerage roles of higher education intermediary organizations." education policy analysis archives 28 (August 17, 2020): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.28.4501.
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Philanthropic foundations are influential policy entrepreneurs in higher education, advocating new ideas, engaging in collaborative activities, and seeding research to inform the decision-making process. Despite occupying this role, the higher education literature has yet to examine how philanthropic foundations promote ideas between entities or how shared granting relationships are used to distribute and exchange information. By utilizing several sources of data, including in-depth interviews and an original dataset of postsecondary grants, and by applying social network concepts, this study explores the strategies educational funders use to disseminate ideas and promote information exchange. This study found that major foundations are not only taking on an advocacy-oriented role within their communication strategies, but they are also facilitating information sharing among intermediaries based on mutual granting relationships and shared agendas. Furthermore, the most impactful grantees are those who cross sectoral boundaries, such as advocacy nonprofits, think tanks, membership associations, and government agencies.
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Benahji, Sfaxi. "Choice of the exchange policies in the developments countries: Study of the competitiveness of Tunisia." Panoeconomicus 55, no. 3 (2008): 353–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan0803353b.
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After the collapse of the Breton Woods system, the increased fluctuations of the exchange rates pushed the developing countries to adopt exchange rate policies to avoid rocking of the balance of payments. Since 1973, Tunisia adopted fixed or intermediary exchange rate policies to support or ameliorate her competitiveness and later to balance her current account. By calculating the real effective exchange rate misalignment, we showed that this country did not achieve her goals and that amelioration of competitiveness occurred only as from the moment when she softened her exchange policies. A policy of floating exchange rate is recommended for Tunisia specially why this country is more and more open. .
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Tran, Them Ngoc. "Cultural exchange in nambo and its role in the development of Vietnam culture." Science and Technology Development Journal 16, no. 1 (2013): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v16i1.1399.
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The paper begins with the addition of some fundamental concepts used as a theoretical basis for the study of cultural exchanges such as the level of exchanges (strong / weak), the conditions for the openness level of a culture, the power structure of a culture (material power, mental power), etc. Together with the characteristics of the subject, the time and space of the Nambo culture, factual basis is the strength and characteristics of cultural exchanges of the three regions (of Vietnam). In the context of the period of cultural transition from Vietnam’s rural culture to urban culture, from agricultural culture to industrial culture, the Nambo culture has quite a few advantages. Cultural exchange in Nambo helps develop physical strength, especially in the field of economic culture and traffic culture; cultural exchange in Nambo also helps develop mental strength in the field of organizational culture, educational culture, communicative culture, behaving culture, etc. For some aspects, the Nambo culture can be considered the intermediary chain link between Vietnamese traditional culture and Western culture. In this sense, the Nambo culture and cultural exchange in Nambo have played the role of a key factor in promoting and enhancing the efficiency of the development and modernization of Vietnam's traditional culture.
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Liu, Ying, and Yongmei Liu. "The effect of workers’ justice perception on continuance participation intention in the crowdsourcing market." Internet Research 29, no. 6 (2019): 1485–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-02-2018-0060.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact mechanism of workers’ perceived justice, trust and job satisfaction (JS) on their continuance participation intention in the crowdsourcing market. Design/methodology/approach An e-questionnaire was posted as an online task on Zhubajie, and data from 304 valid questionnaires were analyzed using SmartPLS 3 software. Findings Results show that crowdsourcing workers’ distributive and interpersonal justice have a significant impact on their trust in the task requester, while procedural and informational justice significantly affect their trust in intermediary management. Workers’ trust in the task requester and in intermediary management positively affects JS, which ultimately affects their continuance participation intention in the crowdsourcing market. Research limitations/implications Based on the social exchange theory, this study examines the positive impact of workers’ justice perception on their continuance participation intention. It dissects the inherent mechanism of workers’ justice perception about their continuance participation intention using three variables of trust in the task requester, trust in intermediary management and JS. Practical implications Given the positive relationship between workers’ justice perception and continuance participation intention, crowdsourcing intermediary website managers should adopt effective measures to enhance workers’ justice perception to strengthen their continuance participation intention. Originality/value This study explores factors that influence workers’ continuance participation intention and their inherent mechanism in the crowdsourcing market based on justice and social exchange theories. It is an extension of research on continuous participation behavior in the crowdsourcing field.
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Hine, Damian Charles, Rachel Parker, and David Ireland. "The knowledge exchange intermediary as service provider: a discussion and an Australian case." Service Industries Journal 30, no. 5 (2009): 713–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02642060802253892.
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PORTERFIELD, TOBIN E. "Diversity in Business-to-Business Information Exchange: An Empirical Analysis of Manufacturers and their Trading Partners." Transportation Journal 47, no. 3 (2008): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.47.3.0036.
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Abstract This article examines the performance implications of information exchange in industrial supply chains. While existing literature has addressed the critical role of information exchange in supply chain integration, existing studies fail to address the specific characteristics of information exchange that affect performance. Through a transaction cost economics theoretical lens, hypotheses are developed and tested to explore the effects of information volume and information diversity on firm performance. The hypotheses are tested using an original dataset of twenty-three manufacturing firms that exchange information with their trading partners using an electronic intermediary. Results indicate a positive relationship for information volume and a negative relationship for information diversity as related to firm performance.
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Permatasari, Anita. "Peranan Intellectual Capital Pada Intermediary Function Terhadap Return On Equity Perusahaan Perbankan." BIP's JURNAL BISNIS PERSPEKTIF 11, no. 1 (2019): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37477/bip.v11i1.15.
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This study aims to examine the role of Intellectual Capital in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research data used are secondary data in the form of financial data and financial ratios of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2016 using the purposive sampling method. Based on sampling criteria, 23 banks were selected and divided into two categories: banks with low Intellectual Capital and banks with high Intellectual Capital. The results showed that there were three findings, namely the first test results on banks with low Intellectual Capital and high Intellectual Capital showed that Non Performing Loans (NPL), Operational Costs Per Operating Income (BOPO), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) does not affect Return on Equity (ROE). Second, the results of testing on banks with low Intellectual Capital and high Intellectual Capital indicate that Non Performing Loans (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) have no effect on Return on Equity (ROE). Third, the results of testing on banks with high Intellectual Capital indicate that Operational Cost Per Operational Income (BOPO) has an effect on Return on Equity (ROE).
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Permatasari, Anita. "Peranan Intellectual Capital pada Intermediary Function Terhadap Return on Equity Perusahaan Perbankan." BIP's : JURNAL BISNIS PERSPEKTIF 11, no. 1 (2019): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37477/bip.v11i1.34.
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This study aims to examine the role of Intellectual Capital in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The research data used are secondary data in the form of financial data and financial ratios of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2010 to 2016 using the purposive sampling method. Based on sampling criteria, 23 banks were selected and divided into two categories: banks with low Intellectual Capital and banks with high Intellectual Capital. The results showed that there were three findings, namely the first test results on banks with low Intellectual Capital and high Intellectual Capital showed that Non Performing Loans (NPL), Operational Costs Per Operating Income (BOPO), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) does not affect Return on Equity (ROE). Second, the results of testing on banks with low Intellectual Capital and high Intellectual Capital indicate that Non Performing Loans (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) have no effect on Return on Equity (ROE). Third, the results of testing on banks with high Intellectual Capital indicate that Operational Cost Per Operational Income (BOPO) has an effect on Return on Equity (ROE).
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Zhu, Shaoying, Yuxin Wu, and Qian Shen. "How Environmental Knowledge and Green Values Affect the Relationship between Green Human Resource Management and Employees’ Green Behavior: From the Perspective of Emission Reduction." Processes 10, no. 1 (2021): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10010038.
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Green human resource management (GHRM) determines the green behavior practice of employees and affects the social environment and the realization of “Beautiful China” and “Green Development”. In this study, to explore the impact mechanism of GHRM on employees’ green behavior, employees at all levels in an enterprise were selected to be research subjects and a regulated intermediary model was established, based on social exchange theory and the individual-environment matching theory. This paper investigated the enterprise’s GHRM, personal green behavior, relational psychological contract, environmental knowledge and green values. The results show that GHRM has a significant positive predictive effect on employees’ green behavior, the relational psychological contract plays an intermediary role between GHRM and employees’ green behavior and the intermediary role of the relational psychological contract is regulated by environmental knowledge and green values. These research results explain the relationship between GHRM and employees’ green behavior and provide an important basis for enterprises to implement GHRM practice and promote employees’ green behavior.
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Spulber, Daniel F. "Market Microstructure and Intermediation." Journal of Economic Perspectives 10, no. 3 (1996): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.10.3.135.
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This paper emphasizes the important role played by intermediaries in the economy, including wholesalers, retailers, and financial firms. The paper defines an intermediary as an economic agent that purchases from suppliers for resale to buyers or that helps buyers and sellers meet and transact. Intermediaries coordinate transactions and provide the institutions of exchange that constitute market microstructure. Intermediaries set prices, manage inventories, coordinate exchange, and provide information through guarantees and delegated monitoring. These crucial activities help to explain how markets attain equilibrium prices and quantities. The paper suggests that the study of intermediation should be incorporated into mainstream economic analysis.
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Müller, Heinz H. "Economic Premium Principles in Insurance and the Capital Asset Pricing Model." ASTIN Bulletin 17, no. 2 (1987): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.17.2.2014969.
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AbstractAn insurance company is considered as an intermediary between policyholders and the capital market. By applying the traditional and the generalized version of the capital asset pricing model, a class of premium principles can be derived. This class is fully compatible with Bühlmann's economic premium principle. Moreover, insurance premiums can be directly related to risk premiums on the stock exchange.
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Kruzel, Marcin, Tadeusz Bohdal, and Krzysztof Dutkowski. "External Condensation of HFE 7000 and HFE 7100 Refrigerants in Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers." Materials 14, no. 22 (2021): 6825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14226825.
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The paper describes the results of experimental studies of media as an intermediary in heat exchange taking place in low volume conditions. Their properties predestine them both as a future-proof for transporting and storing heat materials. The paper concerns the current topic related to the miniaturization of cooling heat exchangers. There are many studies in the literature on the phase transition of refrigerants in the flow in pipe minichannels. However, there is a lack of studies devoted to the condensation process in a small volume on the surface of pipe minichannels. The authors proposed a design of a small heat exchanger with a shell-and-tube structure, where the refrigerant condenses on the outer surface of the pipe minichannels cooled from the inside with water. It is a response to the global trend of building highly efficient, miniaturized structures for cooling and air conditioning heat exchangers. Two future-proof, ecological replacements of the CFC refrigerants still present in the installations were used for the experimental research. These are low-pressure fluids HFE 7000 and HFE 7100. The tests were carried out in a wide range of changes in thermal-flow parameters: G = 20–700 kg·m−2s−1, q = 3000–60,000 W·m−2, ts = 40–80 °C.
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Wang, Lei, Sijia Yang, Wenqi Fan, and Fangqing Tang. "The diffusion mechanism of the application of intelligent manufacturing in SMEs model based on cellular automata." Open Physics 19, no. 1 (2021): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2021-0019.
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Abstract Based on the characteristics of intelligent manufacturing and the theory of technology diffusion, this paper constructs a cellular automata model with government support policy, information exchange, technology maturity, diffusion intermediary, and market competition as the influencing factors and analyzes the influence mechanism of the first three main factors on the diffusion of intelligent manufacturing technology in industrial clusters using MATLAB. This paper also makes an empirical analysis of the diffusion of intelligent manufacturing technology in the bearing industry cluster in Xinchang County and finds that the results are basically consistent by comparing the simulation data with the fit degree of the real data. In this paper, the diffusion intermediary and government support policy have the greatest influence on the application of intelligent manufacturing in small- and medium-sized enterprises, and the model proposed in this paper is effective.
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Randhawa, Krithika, Emmanuel Josserand, Jochen Schweitzer, and Danielle Logue. "Knowledge collaboration between organizations and online communities: the role of open innovation intermediaries." Journal of Knowledge Management 21, no. 6 (2017): 1293–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-09-2016-0423.
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Purpose This research paper aims to examine how open innovation (OI) intermediaries facilitate knowledge collaboration between organizations and online user communities. Drawing on a Community of Practice (CoP) perspective on knowledge, the study lays out a framework of the knowledge boundary management mechanisms (and associated practices) that intermediaries deploy in enabling client organizations to engage in online community-based OI. Design/methodology/approach This research is based on an exploratory case study of an OI intermediary and 18 client organizations that engage with online user communities on the intermediary’s platform. Results incorporate both the intermediary and clients’ perspective, based on analysis of intermediary and client interviews, clients’ online community projects and other archival data. Findings Results reveal that OI intermediaries deploy three knowledge boundary management mechanisms – syntactic, semantic and pragmatic – each underpinned by a set of practices. Together, these mechanisms enable knowledge transfer, translation and transformation, respectively, and thus lead to cumulatively richer knowledge collaboration outcomes at the organization–community boundary. The findings show that the pragmatic mechanism reinforces both semantic and syntactic mechanisms, and is hence the most critical to achieving effective knowledge collaboration in community-based OI settings. Practical implications The findings suggest that OI intermediaries have to implement all three boundary management mechanisms to successfully enable knowledge collaboration for community-based OI. More specifically, intermediaries need to expand their focus beyond the development of digital platforms, to include nuanced efforts at building organizational commitment to community engagement. Originality/value Drawing on the CoP view, this study integrates the knowledge management literature into the OI literature to conceptualize the role of OI intermediaries in shaping knowledge collaboration between organizations and communities. In engaging with the interactive nature of knowledge exchange in such multi-actor settings, this research extends the firm-centric theorization of knowledge that currently dominates the existing OI research.
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Tay, Kin Bee, and John Chelliah. "Disintermediation of traditional chemical intermediary roles in the Electronic Business-to-Business (e-B2B) exchange world." Journal of Strategic Information Systems 20, no. 3 (2011): 217–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsis.2010.11.003.
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Johnson, Nadia E., and Kenneth G. Hirth. "ALTICA, COAPEXCO, AND THE ROLE OF MIDDLEMEN IN FORMATIVE OBSIDIAN EXCHANGE." Ancient Mesoamerica 30, no. 2 (2019): 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095653611800041x.
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AbstractAltica's location in the Patlachique Range, 10 km away from the Otumba obsidian source, suggests its potential role in the distribution of Otumba obsidian. Altica may have been an important Formative middleman and processing site for obsidian exchange within the Basin of Mexico. To the south, Coapexco's position along a natural, restricted inlet to the Basin of Mexico may have enabled it to function as a node for pooling and distributing material into the Basin. This paper combines geochemical sourcing and technological data drawn from several Early and Middle Formative obsidian assemblages to reconstruct the movement of obsidian in this period to identify obsidian sources and consumption sites. In doing so, the paper assesses the role that intermediary sites like Altica and Coapexco could have played in the processing and distribution of obsidian into more distant consumption sites.
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Muslim, Azis. "APAKAH SUNK COST ENTRY BERPENGARUH PADA EKSPOR INDONESIA KE SINGAPURA?: PENDEKATAN AGGREGATE." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 11, no. 1 (2017): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v11i1.72.
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Bagi Indonesia, Singapura telah lama dikenal sebagai negara perantara (intermediary) perdagangan untuk ekspor maupun impor. Secara umum sunk cost entry to export merupakan pertimbangan untuk masuk ke pasar ekspor, namun dalam kondisi terdapatnya perantara perdagangan apakah sunk cost entry to export tidak menjadi pertimbangan untuk masuk ke pasar ekspor? Untuk mengetahui hal tersebut dilakukan penelitian dengan tujuan untuk menguji apakah sunk cost entry berpengaruh atau tidak untuk ekspor Indonesia ke Singapura. Model penelitian menggunakan model histerisis Baldwin-Krugman dengan pertimbangan penggunaan data aggregate dan lonjakan nilai tukar. Metode yang digunakan adalah perubahan koefisien pada saat structural break sedangkan nilainya diestimasi dengan model regresi Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sunk cost entry tidak memengaruhi ekspor Indonesia ke Singapura atau dengan kata lain tidak menjadi pertimbangan memasuki pasar ekspor Singapura. Temuan tersebut bermanfaat bagi eksportir dengan modal terbatas untuk menggunakan Singapura sebagai intermediary. Pemerintah sebagai fasilitator dapat menyarankan kepada eksportir pemula terutama eksportir dengan modal terbatas untuk menjadikan Singapura sebagai perantara dalam perdagangan. Singapore has been known as an intermediary country for Indonesia’s export and import trade. Sunk cost entry is one of the exporter considerations to enter an export market. However, if there is an intermediary trade, does sunk cost still become a consideration? The purpose of this study is to examine whether the sunk cost entry affects Indonesian export to Singapore or not. This study uses Baldwin-Krugman’s Hysteresis model due to an aggregate data usage and a surge in the exchange rate. This study uses the coefficient changes method since structural break is happening and its value is estimated by the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) regression model. The result shows that sunk cost does not affect Indonesian exports to Singapore, or in another word it does not become a consideration to enter Singapore markets. It is important that the exporters with limited capital use Singapore as an intermediary. The Government should propose beginner exporters to choose Singapore as the intermediary country trade.
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Korotin, Denis, Svetlana Popereshnyak, and Sergey Korotin. "IMPROVED METHODOLOGY OF APPLYING THE OBJECT MODEL OF INTERACTION OF DSP-SSP SYSTEMS THROUGH AD EXCHANGE." Information systems and technologies security, no. 1 (2) (2020): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ists.2020.1.67-76.
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Exchange. According to the results of the analysis, the purpose of scientific research is formed, which is that for automate process of the buying and selling of media content, to carry out simulations and to prove the feasibility of using the implemented platforms on the basis of the advanced method of application of the object model of interaction of DSP-SSP systems. The authors found that Ad Exchange is an intermediary between DSP and SSP platforms and implements the module one to many. Has been identified that this system enables the digital marketplace where publishers and advertisers come together to trade digital inventory. It is concluded that Ad Exchange is a standalone platform that facilitates and simplifies programmatic ads buying. The authors presented the model of the Ad Exchange system, presents advantages and disadvantages are indicated. It is concluded that the Validator block, which advertises only for a specific contingent of people, was first proposed by the authors as the most important component of this model. The Validator block is the main advantage of the system presented in the article over others. An advanced technique for using an object model of DSP-SSP systems interaction through Ad Exchange is offered. It is determined that an important component for the implementation of this methodology is Analytic, which was implemented on the DSP platform, where the client can keep track of important winnings, clicks and othere. By incorporating the Validator block, the well-known DSP and SSP algorithm is improved. Based on the proposed model, a simulation was performed where the Validator block was implemented. It is concluded that Ad Exchange is a tool for automating the process of buying and selling Internet content. This allows you to earn more money and save time on transactions. The recommendations developed by the authors track poor quality proposals and deal with risks.
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Endriani, Santi. "Konsep Uang: Ekonomi Islam VS Ekonomi Konvensional." Anterior Jurnal 15, no. 1 (2015): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/anterior.v15i1.201.
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In Islamic economics, the concept of money is very clear that money is a medium of exchange in muamalah, instead of capital (commodities). That money is objected that are approved by the public as an intermediary tool to hold the exchange or trade. Differences concept of money in Islamic and conventional economics are on the money that is not identical to the capital, the money is public goods, capital is private goods, money is a flow concept, and capital is a stock concept in the concept of money in Islam. While the conventional concept of money in the currency identified with capital money (capital) are private goods. Money (capital) is a flow concept for Fisher, and money (capital) is a stock concept for Cambridge School.
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Mendali, Ganapati, and Sanjukta Das. "Exchange Rate Pass-through to Domestic Prices." Foreign Trade Review 52, no. 3 (2016): 135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732516650828.
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This study makes an attempt to examine the exchange rate pass-through (ERPT) to domestic prices in the post-reform period in India. It also analyzes the effect of global financial crisis of 2007 on the ERPT. It has used the standard vector auto-regression (VAR) model taking five variables (viz., exchange rate, oil price, output gap, money supply and wholesale price index (WPI)) for analysis. Using impulse response function, the study finds that a 10 per cent depreciation in rupee (`) results in 0.011 per cent rise in WPI after one month. It found moderate ERPT estimates ranging from 0.01112 per cent (after first month) to 0.01197 per cent (after six months). The cumulative pass-through is found to be 0.07 for one month, it is stabilized at 0.06. The main drivers of price change are identified through variance decomposition. Persistently rising WPI and the oil price hike are found as the main drivers of price rise. Pressure of exchange rate on the WPI is found to be very modest, that is, about 7 per cent. Using the Quandt-Andrews Unknown Breakpoint test, the study found a structural break at November 2007, but the effect of the crisis on ERPT is found to be insignificant. The study explains the low ERPT in terms of India’s large import size and its composition in favour of raw materials and intermediary goods, exchange rate volatility and moderate inflation. It reduces the apprehension of domestic price instability arising from the floating exchange rate.
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Wardianda, Nurobi Goldiman, and Dian Octaviani R. "ANALISIS MEKANISME TRANSMISI KEBIJAKAN MONETER JALUR NILAI TUKAR DENGAN PENDEKATAN VECM PERIODE 2005:1-2012:12." Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti 1, no. 1 (2022): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jet.v1i1.13485.
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This thesis discusses about analysis of transmission mechanism of monetary policy through exchange rate channel in Indonesia, during the period 2005:1 - 2012:12. By using variables such as PUAB Interest Rate, Exchange Rate, Total Export, National Income and Price lndex. The method's try to used in this thesis is a method of Vector Error Correction Models (VECM). This research aims to know the effectiveness of transmission mechanism of monetary policy through exchange rate channel within respect to see the influence of the operational targets (PUAB Interest Rate) to the intermediary target (Exchange Rate), as well as the final goals of monetary target (national income and price level). 
 The results of this research show the transmission mechanism of monetary policy through exchange rate channel path deserves to be researched further, it is based on the significant value of the t-test, f-test, and Adj R2. Meanwhile, the results of the analysis of the "Impulse Response" found that the influence of shock caused by PUAB Interest Rate will cause the depreciation of Exchange Rate and also increasing of total export, we can visible to see the direct mechanism from Interest Rate to Exchange Rate (monetary sector) and after that transmitted to the real sector through the Total Export. As seen from the analysis of Variance Decomposition can be stated that during the period 2005:1-2012:12, the National Income variance contribution donated by Total Export and Exchange Rate, While Price Level variance contribution rate donated by Exchange Rate and PUAB Interest Rate
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Salam, Shabna, and K. Praveen Kumar. "Survey on Applications of Blockchain in E-Governance." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (2021): 3807–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2409.
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Block chain is a distributed ledger that offers secure and immutable storage. E–governance allows exchange of information between government and citizens or organizations through latest information and communication technologies. The E governance services facilitate efficient and fast access of services; on the other hand it raises potential risks of breaching into privacy and Security. Blockchain based e-governance system offers secure and transparent services without intermediary. This paper investigates the scope and challenges of adopting blockchain technology as a platform for E-Governance.
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Zaidi, K. Fatima, and John S. Yudkin. "Characteristics of the Sodium/Hydrogen Exchange in Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Patients with Microalbuminuria and Hypertension." Clinical Science 90, no. 1 (1996): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0900013.
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1. An association has been described between increased sodium/hydrogen (Na+/H+) exchange rates in various cells and microalbuminuria in type 1 diabetic patients. However, no data are available on the Na+/H+ exchange rate in type 2 diabetes and its association with urinary albumin excretion rates. 2. We have estimated platelet sodium-activated proton efflux (Na+/H+ exchange rate), based on a fluorimetric method, in 43 type 2 diabetic patients, of whom 29 were normoalbuminuric and 14 microalbuminuric, and in 10 non-diabetic control subjects. The factors measured were: buffering power, Km for external Na+ and Vmax. of the exchange rate. 3. There were no differences in Km and Vmax. for the Na+/H+ exchange between the subject groups. However, the 14 patients with microalbuminuria showed a significantly lower buffering capacity [17.2 (4.6) mmol l−1 pH unit−1] [mean (SD)] compared with non-diabetic control subjects [21.1 (1.9) mmol l−1 pH unit−1] (P = 0.020). 4. Among the 43 diabetic patients, 16 were hypertensive. These patients had similar characteristics of Na+/H+ exchange to the 27 normotensive diabetic patients and the control subjects. 5. There was no correlation between exchange rate variables of type 2 diabetic patients and fasting concentrations of insulin or albumin excretion rate. 6. We conclude that the platelets of microalbuminuric diabetic patients manifest a significantly lower buffering capacity. This lower buffering capacity may be due to abnormalities of other ion transport systems or to abnormalities in intermediary metabolism.
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DIETSCH, DAMIEN, and RIM KHEMIRI. "IMPACT OF THE USE OF KNOWLEDGE OBTAINED THROUGH INFORMAL EXCHANGES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF INNOVATION PROJECTS: FOR THE ENRICHMENT OF INBOUND OPEN INNOVATION PRACTICES." International Journal of Innovation Management 22, no. 06 (2018): 1850045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919618500457.
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This study aims to examine the relationship between the acquisition of knowledge through informal channels and performance of innovation projects. We propose that three forms of informal knowledge exchange, namely, knowledge sharing, knowledge presentation and knowledge transfer, positively impact the perceived performance of innovation projects. A survey of 360 individuals involved in innovation projects whose answers were analysed with PLSs reveals that knowledge, obtained through knowledge sharing and knowledge transfer with third parties outside the company by informal route and the simultaneous use of an innovation intermediary as part of these informal exchanges, positively impacts the three elements that have been chosen to measure the operational performance of innovation projects, namely, cost, time and quality. These results provide major contributions to the academic and managerial point of view and open up new vistas for research that derived directly from the demonstration that open innovation not only has to relay on formal agreements, but also to take into account the informal way of knowledge acquisition.
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Mizikovsky, I. E., and D. V. Lidzhi-Goryaev. "THE CONCEPT OF AN ELECTRONIC TRADING PLATFORM FOR MANAGING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WOOL PROCESSING." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 6 (2020): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2020-6-61.
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The relevance of the research is that in Russia there is a problem of underdevelopment of the system of purchasing wool and its processed products at all levels of the value chain. The purpose of the research is to develop a concept for creating a specialized electronic trading platform that allows organizing inter-industry interaction in the field of wool processing based on the principles of auction trade, excluding unnecessary intermediary links. The paper proposes the creation of a specialized electronic trading platform (exchange), specializing in the purchase and sale of wool and its products by analogy with the world’s leading (Australian, New Zealand and Chinese-countries that are world leaders in the production and processing of wool) wool exchanges. The differences between the author’s recommendations and those that are known and tested in the world practice are that the key participant of the exchange is the state national wool certification body, which creates the main condition for exchange trading — high-quality classification and batch standardization of wool. An electronic exchange that includes trading, settlement (guarantee) and payment systems must be an official trading platform licensed by the state as a professional Institute of the financial market; its main task is to facilitate market transactions between buyers and sellers of wool by overcoming information asymmetry for the parties to transactions. The difference between the proposed concept is that digital technologies and tools are used in exchange trading of wool: QR-coding of wool batches, the use of smart contracts, distributed registries (blockchain). The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time in the Russian market, the concept of organizing electronic exchange trade in wool using innovative digital technologies and tools (QR-coding, smart contracts, blockchain), where, along with buyers-processors of wool and sellers — producers of wool, there is a mandatory participant — the state national certification body, which organizes the certification process of exchange batches of wool. In practical terms, the author’s proposals allow us to: streamline the domestic wool market; organize certified wool trade both in accordance with the best world practices and in accordance with m
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Archana, E., V. Dickson Irudaya Raj, M. Vidhya, and J. S. Umashankar. "Secured information exchange in cloud using cross breed property based encryption." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.9 (2018): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.9.9823.
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Individuals have the ability to get to the web anyplace and whenever. Distributed computing is an idea that treats the assets on the Internet as a brought together element, to be specific cloud. The server farm administrators virtualized the assets as per the necessities of the clients and uncover them as capacity pools, which the clients can themselves use to store documents or information protest s. Physically, the assets may get put away over numerous servers. Thus, Data heartiness is a noteworthy prerequisite for such stockpiling frameworks. In this paper we have proposed one approach to give information power that is by imitating the message with the end goal that every capacity server stores a duplicate of the message. We have improved the safe distributed storage framework by utilizing a limit intermediary re-encryption strategy. This encryption conspire bolsters decentralized deletion codes connected over scrambled messages and information sending operations over encoded and encoded messages. Our framework is exceedingly dispersed where every capacity server freely encodes and forward messages and key servers autonomously perform incomplete decoding.
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Pratama, Muhammad Farizal Gigih Putra, Indah Purnamawati, and Yosefa Sayekti. "ANALISIS PENGARUH KINERJA LINGKUNGAN DAN PENGUNGKAPAN SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN." JURNAL AKUNTANSI UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 17, no. 2 (2020): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jauj.v17i2.12517.
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This study aims to test and analyze environmental performance and sustainability reporting disclosures in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study also aims to determine the effect of environmental performance and sustainability reporting disclosure on firm value. This research uses quantitative research using purposive sampling method. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression with a significance level of 5%. This research was conducted by selecting research data in accordance with the criteria of a sample of 17 manufacturing companies. The data used are secondary data, namely data obtained indirectly from original sources but through internet intermediary media in the form of financial statements of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and references in the form of supporting books that relate to research.
 Keywords: Environmental Performance, Firm Value, Sustainability Reporting, Firm Value
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Nichols, Naomi, Jayne Malenfant, and Kaitlin Schwan. "Networks and evidence-based advocacy: influencing a policy subsystem." Evidence & Policy: A Journal of Research, Debate and Practice 16, no. 4 (2020): 639–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/174426420x15868720780747.
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Background: Timely access to relevant and trustworthy research findings is an important facilitator of research use. But the relational aspects of evidence generation, mobilisation and use have been insufficiently explored.Aims and objectives: Our aim is to describe the strategic communicative and relational work of two intermediary organisations playing thought leadership roles within a large, heterogeneous and loosely configured network comprised of individuals and organisations from the following sectors: academia, frontline service delivery, philanthropic funding, advocacy organisations and government.Methods: The data for this project were generated as part of a study of the ways social science research influences policy, practice and systems-change processes. Proceeding from the standpoints of people who generate and/or engage with research in an effort to address homelessness in Canada, this article focuses on the intersections of research, strategic communication and policy making.Findings: Our findings suggest that strategic communication and knowledge exchange play integral roles in efforts to create evidence-based policy change. These communicative activities take the form of public-facing political and/or media engagement strategies, traditional knowledge mobilisation activities and continuous informal and timely exchanges of information between trusted allies.Discussion and conclusions: Our study reveals the importance of a heterogeneous network structure, with formal and informal alliances between individuals and organisations, as well as key intermediary organisations through which knowledge can be strategically mobilised within the network to serve policy change aims. Furthermore, our study suggests that interest in evidence-led governance is shifting the boundaries between research, advocacy and government action.
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Bravo, Giangiacomo, Flaminio Squazzoni, and Károly Takács. "Intermediaries in Trust: Indirect Reciprocity, Incentives, and Norms." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/234528.
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Any trust situation involves a certain amount of risk for trustors that trustees could abuse. In some cases, intermediaries exist who play a crucial role in the exchange by providing reputational information. To examine under what conditions intermediary opinion could have a positive impact on cooperation, we designed two experiments based on a modified version of the investment game where intermediaries rated the behaviour of trustees under various incentive schemes and different role structures. We found that intermediaries can increase trust if there is room for indirect reciprocity between the involved parties. We also found that the effect of monetary incentives and social norms cannot be clearly separable in these situations. If properly designed, monetary incentives for intermediaries can have a positive effect. On the one hand, when intermediary rewards are aligned with the trustor’s interest, investments and returns tend to increase. On the other hand, fixed monetary incentives perform less than any other incentive schemes and endogenous social norms in ensuring trust and fairness. These findings should make us reconsider the mantra of incentivization of social and public conventional policy.
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Kumar, S. Ganesh, A. Murugan, B. Muruganantham, and B. Sriman. "IoT–smart contracts in data trusted exchange supplied chain based on block chain." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 1 (2020): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i1.pp438-446.
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Internet of Things (IoT) assumes a critical part in the advancement of different fields. The IoT data trusted exchange in recent year extend of uses influence an awesome request and increasing scale. In such a platform, exchange the data sets that they require and specialist organization can search. However, the enough trust as the third-party mediators for data exchange in centralized infrastructure cannot provide. This paper proposes a blockchain for IoT data trusted exchange based on decentralized solution. In particular, the fundamental standards of blockchain in verify manner, individuals can communicate with each other without a confided in mediator intermediary. Blockchain enable us to have a distributed, digital ledger. IoT (Internet of Things) sensor devices (zigbee) utilizing blockchain technology to assert public availability of temperature records, tracking location shipment, humidity, preventing damage, data immutability. The sensor devices looking the temperature, location, damage of each parcel during the shipment to completely guarantee directions. In blockchain all data is got moved from one position to another, where a smart contract assesses against the product attributes. Ethereum blockchain and smart contracts atlast it gets through knowledge a design to be copied and presents its decentralized distributed digital ledger, auditable, transparent, features visually.
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Asad, Mariam, and Christopher A. Le Dantec. "“This Is Shared Work:” Negotiating Boundaries in a Social Service Intermediary Organization." Media and Communication 7, no. 3 (2019): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v7i3.2171.
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This article discusses the results from our fieldwork at a social service intermediary organization working to reform criminal justice institutions in a large city in the American South. Our findings focus on organizational staff’s relationships with information and communication technologies (ICTs), both in the course of their daily work of delivering care work to vulnerable participants, as well as the project’s broader political goals to reduce recidivism and repair community relationships with local police. The group needed to distinguish and negotiate the various—and often competing—needs and commitments of the civic actors involved. As on-site researchers, we were asked to design and deploy digital tools to support the organization in exchange for conducting research on organizational uses of technology. This work draws from our time with the group to ask: <em>how might community-based researchers revisit and realign our research methods to better respond to the changing needs and practices of a research site?</em> Our observations identified three recurring technological concerns expressed by staff that pointed to competing agendas and needs within the organization, specifically across different levels of scale: operational, proximal, and temporal. We then discuss these patterns around broader organizational concerns to reflect on how they impacted our own research methods and commitments. Finally, we reflect on the limitations of participatory methods in issue-oriented organizations that do progressive work across multiple scales and agendas.
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Tang, Jun. "A Lightweight Distributed Computing System Based on JavaScript Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 34-35 (October 2010): 1911–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.34-35.1911.
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Because the web is not only the platform for information exchange but also the computational platform based on JavaScript engine, every computer having installed modern browser on the Internet can easily access the web and execute some JavaScript programs. Under above conditions, we develop a lightweight distributed computing system based on the web and JavaScript technologies. Our system plays an intermediary role between the IT expert who has to solve large-scale computational problem and end users on the Internet. In the other words, people could easily cooperate with each other to finish complicated computational problem through the support of our system.
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Živko, Igor, and Mile Bošnjak. "Time Series Modeling of Inflation and its Volatility in Croatia." Notitia, no. 3 (November 13, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32676/n.3.1.
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Croatian National Bank is not targeting inflation but exchange rate as the nominal anchor or intermediary goal of monetary policy and inflation in Croatia is a dominantly foreign driven phenomenon. Using monthly data on CPI in Croatia from January 1997 up to November 2015, ARIMA (0,1,1) x (0,1,1)12 model is fitted as the one describing CPI behavior pattern and therefore reliable for CPI forecasting. Furthermore, to establish its volatility pattern several ARCH family models are tested and ARCH (1) model is found to be the best fitted one in explaining CPI volatility development in Croatia.
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Akimkina, Daria, Еvgenii Khrustalev, Nina Baranova, and Daria Loginova. "Technology transfer of the military-industrial complex as a factor in increasing the science intensity of the civilian industry." SHS Web of Conferences 114 (2021): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111401027.
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The high innovation potential of the Russian military-industrial complex can become a source of technology for the civilian industry. In the context of the diversification of the military-industrial complex, the development of an effective technology transfer can become one of the key elements in building a competitive Russian economy. The article contains a diagram of the mechanism for the innovative technology development and transfer between the military and civilian sectors. On the basis of this method, it is possible to build effective schemes for technology transfer and exchange and joint work of the military and civilian industries. The emergence of a technology broker, as an intermediary between the military-industrial and civilian complexes, will accelerate the development of active information and scientific exchange between these sectors, will make it possible to bring technologies to its implementation faster, and industries become more knowledge-intensive. Integration of the military and civilian sectors will help to reduce the technological gap within the country, lagging behind the world level.
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Bahinipati, Bikram K., and S. G. Deshmukh. "Lateral Collaboration in Semiconductor Industry Supply Networks." International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 7, no. 3 (2014): 39–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisscm.2014070103.
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The interactive emphasis of vertical and horizontal collaboration in the semiconductor industry supply chain (SSC) support the buyer(s) performing procurement activities with supplier(s) through joint planning and decision-making, information sharing, resource sharing and incentive alignment. The paper proposes a framework to explore the resource sharing conditions under which enterprises are motivated to collaborate and the conditions in which such collaboration would be successful. A lateral collaboration scheme is proposed, which can be operated by the e-market intermediary to motivate buyers and suppliers to collaborate under competion. The results of this study demonstrate that the proposed collaboration mechanism yields an effective infrastructure for each members of the supply chain that supports efficient exchange of information and resources among all members. It is expected that the proposed scheme would enable the optimal capacity decision among competing suppliers for minimum expected total cost of the supply chain by appropriate selection of ordering quantity and penalty cost as imposed by the e-market intermediary. It is argued that the managerial decision-making in procurement perspective contribute to the matching between supply and demand for gaining mutual benefits.
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GIANIODIS, PETER T., S. C. ELLIS, and E. SECCHI. "ADVANCING A TYPOLOGY OF OPEN INNOVATION." International Journal of Innovation Management 14, no. 04 (2010): 531–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919610002775.
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Interest in the concept of open innovation (OI) has increased during recent years; yet, this line of inquiry remains limited due to the lack of a more comprehensive conceptual framework. As a first step toward a unifying framework, we provide a critical review of previous research on the conceptualization, antecedents, and consequences of OI. We then offer a typology describing four OI strategies: (i) innovation seeker, (ii) innovation provider, (iii) intermediary, and (iv) open innovator, which emerge through unique combinations of sources of innovation, firm attributes, and mechanisms of inter-organizational exchange, and produce varying outcomes. Finally, we discuss our typology's implications for theory and practice, and advance potential research avenues.
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Kulyk, Oleh. "Improvement of legal regulation of intermediation in the virtual assets market." ScienceRise: Juridical Science, no. 2(16) (June 30, 2021): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2523-4153.2021.234724.
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Legal regulation of intermediation in the virtual assets market was analysed. It was grounded, that the professional assistance to virtual assets market participants is necessary because of complexity of transactions with virtual assets. It was found, that the virtual assets service providers carry out intermediation in the virtual assets market as an entity that is acting in the interests of third parties and providing intermediary services to the market participants. Based on the analysis of the legal concept of "intermediation", it was formulated, that intermediation in the virtual assets market can be considered as the economic activity of business entities – virtual assets service providers, - which is carried out with the purpose of providing intermediary services to virtual assets market participants. Types of intermediation in the virtual assets market include: 1) safekeeping or administration of virtual assets and keys of virtual assets; 2) exchange of virtual assets (except when exchange is not carried out directly by the consumers in their own interests); 3) transfer of virtual assets (except when the transfer is not carried out directly by the consumers in their own interests); 4) participation in and provision of financial services, related to an issuer’s offer and/or sale of a virtual asset. It was found, that according to the draft law “On Virtual Assets” of June 11, 2020 No 3637 virtual assets service providers should be registered, but there is no mention about the license for providing intermediation in the virtual assets market. At the same time, it was grounded, that according to Ukrainian law, the financial intermediation in the virtual assets market, including participation in and provision of financial services, related to an issuer’s offer and/or sale of a virtual asset, should be a subject of licensing
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Munk, Sándor. "Component Based IT Interoperability Solutions, a Novel Approach." Academic and Applied Research in Military and Public Management Science 13, no. 1 (2014): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32565/aarms.2014.1.3.
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In our days the range of information activities supported by IT equipment, and the volume of information stored in IT systems is continually growing. So cooperation among different organizations is practically impossible without extensive, meaning preserving information exchange between their IT systems. Practically all today’s interoperability solutions are based on a previously agreed intermediary representation (formatted message standard, or standard data elements), but these solutions have a number of limitations. This paper outlines the foundations of a novel, component based realization of IT interoperability solutions. For this reason it summarizes the foundations of IT interoperability, analyses the goals, and possibilities of component based solutions outlines an architecture of component based interoperability solutions, and finally determines basics of its components.
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Caplan, Priscilla, William R. Kehoe, and Joseph Pawletko. "Towards Interoperable Preservation Repositories: TIPR." International Journal of Digital Curation 5, no. 1 (2010): 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v5i1.142.
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Towards Interoperable Preservation Repositories (TIPR) is a project funded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services to create and test a Repository eXchange Package (RXP). The package will make it possible to transfer complex digital objects between dissimilar preservation repositories. For reasons of redundancy, succession planning and software migration, repositories must be able to exchange copies of archival information packages with each other. Every different repository application, however, describes and structures its archival packages differently. Therefore each system produces dissemination packages that are rarely understandable or usable as submission packages by other repositories. The RXP is an answer to that mismatch. Other solutions for transferring packages between repositories focus either on transfers between repositories of the same type, such as DSpace-to-DSpace transfers, or on processes that rely on central translation services. Rather than build translators between many dissimilar repository types, the TIPR project has defined a standards-based package of metadata files that can act as an intermediary information package, the RXP, a lingua franca all repositories can read and write.
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Morgan, Kenneth. "Remittance Procedures in the Eighteenth-Century British Slave Trade." Business History Review 79, no. 4 (2005): 715–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25097112.
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This article considers the changing nature of remittance procedures in the eighteenth-century British slave trade. It explains why bills of exchange became the preferred form of making payment for slave sales, rather than specie or produce. It also indicates the legal and institutional practices that informed the circulation of bills of exchange in a notoriously risky form of long-distance trade. The growth and complexity of the British slave trade, which was conducted mainly by private merchants, led to procedures such as remitting bills “in the bottom” of ships that had supplied slaves to North American and Caribbean markets and the extension of lengthy credit periods to purchasers. Colonial factors played a role as well, acting as the agents for coordinating remittances, and secure British merchant houses were deployed as “guarantees” for payment by bills. The development of credit practices associated with the slave trade, including remittance procedures, helped to strengthen the British economy by providing sound, complex intermediary instruments for the realization of profits from international trade.
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Torres-Rouff, Christina, William J. Pestle, and Francisco Gallardo. "Eating Fish in the Driest Desert in the World: Osteological and Biogeochemical Analyses of Human Skeletal Remains from the San Salvador Cemetery, North Chile." Latin American Antiquity 23, no. 1 (2012): 51–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/1045-6635.23.1.51.
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AbstractThe San Salvador River in northern Chile is a tributary of the Loa, the only river that traverses the Atacama Desert from the mountains to the Pacific. Recent investigations along the San Salvador River revealed the presence of a Formative period village site and associated cemetery approximately 110 km inland from the Pacific Ocean. Bioarchaeological and biogeochemical analyses conducted on human skeletal remains recovered from the San Salvador Cemetery allowed us to better understand the site’s role as an intermediary for coast/interior relations during the Middle Formative (500 B.C.–A.D. 100). Evidence from material culture and human remains at San Salvador suggests that this population was involved in exchange networks that united the oases of the Atacama Desert with the Pacific Ocean. Isotopic data support this notion, as the population demonstrates great variability in both the protein (marine and terrestrial) and carbohydrate components of their diet. During this period, communal economies produced surpluses used in a network of exchange for foods, prestige goods, and ideas. These ties were not coincidental but, rather, part of a regional economic structure that remains only partly explored.
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Fauzi, Ahmad, Ade Setiawan, and Dwi Yuni Utami. "Perancangan Jaringan Voice Over Internet Protokol (Voip) Menggunakan Platform Asterisknow." Computer Science (CO-SCIENCE) 2, no. 1 (2022): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/coscience.v2i1.887.
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Communication is an important stage to support the running of a work program, without good communication it can cause misunderstandings between the two parties, the importance of the role of communication means several companies are growing rapidly in order to innovate in the manufacture of equipment in the telecommunications sector, which is commonly used in long-distance communication. far is the use of telephone services, both individual telephones and company-based telephones, for some companies that use high-enough telephone activity, this will result in soaring telephone bills that must be paid, thus to reduce the level of communication with high costs, we can use VoIP technology ( Voice Over Internet Protocol) which can be used by utilizing the TCP / IP protocol where the protocol without us realizing it is a protocol used for exchanging data, thus the protocol can also be accessed. used as voice voice data exchange using Open Source Software in the Asterisk application which is used as a substitute for PBX (Private Branch Exchange) devices, where in the application it is used to make the TCP / IP protocol as an intermediary for data exchange to communicate or Voice. The advantage of this application is that it is able to serve a maximum of 1000 online accounts on one server and 240 concurrent calls. This is of course suitable for companies who want to implement this technology based on open source applications.
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Jankrift, Kay Peter. "In mehrdeutigen und unsicheren Fällen." Aschkenas 30, no. 2 (2020): 349–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/asch-2020-0017.
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AbstractThe important role of Jewish medical practitioners in medieval and early modern Aschkenas has been underlined time and again. Regardless of legal restrictions and anti-Jewish polemics Jewish physicians were highly appreciated by Christian patients. However, although sources are rather scare, there were also Jewish patients who consulted Christian doctors. Practice records of the Nuremberg physician Johann Christoph Götz (1688–1733) and letters of his contemporary Christoph Jacob Trew (1695–1769) indicate that Jewish children, women and men from nearby Fürth asked for medical advice or treatment. The documents bear witness to a vivid exchange of ideas between Trew and the Jewish physician Wolf Enoch Levin from Fürth in the age of Enligthment. In ambiguous and difficult cases, Wolf often addressed himself to Trew as intermediary for his sick coreligionists.
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Margaretha, Farah. "The Effect of Cash Dividend, Retained Earnings, and Stock Price of Manufacturing Company Listed In Indonesia Stock Exchange." Winners 16, no. 1 (2015): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/tw.v16i1.1553.
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This study aims to determine the effect of cash dividends per share, retained earnings per share, earnings per share, and leverage on the stock price of manufacture industry in Indonesia from 2008-2012. Research used secondary data in which the source was obtained indirectly through an intermediary medium or data processed from literatures and reports associated with this research. Independent variables in this study (x) are cash dividends per share, retained earnings per share, earnings per share, and leverage, while the dependent variable (y) is stock price. The samples used were 23 companies with purposive sampling method. The empirical results of this study indicate that cash dividends per share, retained earnings per share, earnings per share, and leverage has significant effect on the stock price. It is therefore the higher stock price will attract investors to invest their money. Hence, companies and investors need to attend cash dividends per share, retained earnings per share, earnings per share, and leverage as factors that affect the increase or decrease of the stock price.
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LOHOSHA, Roman, and Tatyana KOLESNIK. "FORMATION, FUNCTIONING AND DEVELOPMENT FEATURES OF AGRICULTURAL MARKETS IN UKRAINE." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 9 (49) (September 25, 2019): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-9-1.
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The article reviews the essence and content of scientific views on the category "agricultural market" and "infrastructure of agricultural market". It is established that the formation and fulfilling of an organized and transparent agrarian market with powerful and effective components that can reconcile the interests of agricultural producers and consumers, should be a network of market institutions such as exchanges, trading houses and other elements of infrastructure. It is proved that the modern market transformations of the agrarian sector of Ukraine, which are accompanied by constant modification of market relations, require new methods of organization of the agrarian market as a complex economic system in which many elements inherent in a market economy interact. It is determined that the agrarian market performs a number of important functions (stimulating, informative, pricing, controlling, rehabilitation, reproductive, integrative, intermediary, regulatory), on which the effectiveness of its functioning and development depends. With a systems approach, it has been established that the agrarian market should be viewed as a complex system of interconnected and omplementary systems of lower order (consumer solvent demand, supply, agriculture, and market infrastructure and government regulation). It is established that the agricultural market has a number of distinctive features that differentiate it from other types / types of markets. At the same time, the agrarian market as a set of economic relations, which are formed in the sphere of exchange concerning the sale of agricultural products, operates on the basis of common economic laws (cost, saving of resources, equilibrium). It is proved that the efficiency of the agrarian market should be understood as a logically ordered system of subjects of high-quality infrastructure, principles and methods of its functioning in accordance with modern conditions. It ensures the balance of supply and demand, equilibrium price parity and the proper level of competitiveness of agricultural products to meet international requirements and the internal needs of society. In the study we have found that the modern infrastructure of the agricultural market in Ukraine is on the stage of formation in accordance with the development of agrarian relations in the country, and its peculiarity is that it has many intermediary structures that do not provide a reasonable price for producers, while having this intermediary operations have a significant economic benefit, and domestic agricultural producers lose a significant portion of their economic profits. In addition, the agricultural market of Ukraine is characterized by a long process of creating a system of organizations, institutions, enterprises and establishing methods of their activity, which are aimed at carrying out operations on the sale and purchase of agricultural products.
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Yuwawutto, Sauwapa, Thitapha Smitinont, Numtip Charoenanong, Nattaka Yokakul, Somchai Chatratana, and Girma Zawdie. "A Triple Helix Strategy for Promoting SME Development." Industry and Higher Education 24, no. 3 (2010): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000010791657509.
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This paper examines the university–industry–government relationship as a mechanism for enhancing the efficiency and competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The case of a community enterprise producing dried banana products in the north of Thailand is used to demonstrate the significance of the Triple Helix model for business and technology development in SMEs. Government initiatives designed to promote innovation leading to price and quality competitiveness of the products of SMEs and community enterprises are explored and their effectiveness is discussed. In developing countries, where there are weak links and limited interactions between the institutional sectors of government, academia and industry, intermediaries play a crucial role in building networks to facilitate the transfer and exchange of knowledge. Effective network links would enable SMEs to have access to various sources of financial, knowledge, technology and market support. In Thailand, the Industrial Technology Assistance Programme (ITAP) plays an important intermediary role in identifying the needs of SMEs, accessing relevant knowledge and technology from universities and other sources of knowledge, and matching the demand of SMEs for knowledge/technology with the supply available from universities and research and development laboratories. The experience of the dried banana community enterprise discussed in this paper gives credence to the view that SMEs in developing countries such as Thailand would benefit significantly from technology policy based on the Triple Helix model and the proactive role of intermediary agencies such as ITAP.