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Journal articles on the topic 'Exchange of debt'

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Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Grigorian, David, Trevor Alleyne, and Alejandro Guerson. "Jamaica Debt Exchange." IMF Working Papers 12, no. 244 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781475512724.001.

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Latifah, Eva Latifah, Muhammad Nasim Harahap, Hady Sutjipto, Togi Haidat Mangara, and Rizal Syaifudin. "Analysis of Factors Affecting Indonesian Government Debt." Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen & Ekonomika 17, no. 1 (2024): 27–48. https://doi.org/10.35384/jime.v17i1.603.

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This study aims to determine the effect of Gross Domestic Product, New Debt Withdrawal, Exchange Rate, Inflation and Foreign Exchage Reserves on Indonesian Government Debt in 1988-2022. The analysis technique used time series data regression analysis with the Error Correction Model (ECM) method processed using Eviews 10. The result of the study partially show that GDP has a negative and significant effect on government debt in the long term and has no significant effect in the short term, New debt withdrawal has a positive and significant effect in the long term and short term, Exchange rate h

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3

Ndugbu, Michael O., Kingsley C. Otiwu, and Chukwunyeaka Linus Okafor. "Domestic Debt and Exchange Rate Stability in Nigeria (1980 - 2021)." IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BANKING AND FINANCE RESEARCH 10, no. 2 (2024): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.56201/ijbfr.v10.no2.2024.pg1.19.

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This study investigated the relationship between domestic debt and exchange rate stability in Nigeria using data for the period 1981 to 2021. Domestic debt was disaggregated into treasury bills (TBILLS), treasury bonds (TBONDS) and Federal Government bonds (FGNB) as well as other sources of debt (OTHERS). Exchange rate stability was proxied by Nigerian naira/US dollar exchange rate. Data was collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin 2021 and analyzed using a combination of Johansen cointegration, granger causality and co- integrating regression adopting the fully modified

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4

Chika Priscilla Imoagwu, Uju Regina Ezenekwe, and Uche Collins Nwogwugwu. "RISING EXTERNAL DEBT AND EXCHANGE RATE: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA." International Journal of Advanced Economics 5, no. 4 (2023): 90–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijae.v5i4.457.

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The fluctuating exchange rate and massive debt burden of Nigeria necessitates a thorough investigation of trends in her foreign debt levels, its underlying causes, and implications for economic growth. This study, therefore, investigated the impact of rising external debt on the exchange rate in Nigeria with annual data from 1980 to 2021. The motivation for this study was premised on inculcating government spending and inflation rate into the traditional analysis of exchange rate volatility in Nigeria using data sourced from CBN statistical bulletin (2020), DMO (2020), and WDI (2021). The data

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5

Rathnam, John P. "Debt-Reducing Exchange Offers." CFA Digest 32, no. 1 (2002): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/dig.v32.n1.1006.

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Lie, Erik, Heidi J. Lie, and John J. McConnell. "Debt-reducing exchange offers." Journal of Corporate Finance 7, no. 2 (2001): 179–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-1199(01)00019-0.

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7

Osifalujo, Babatunde Bunmi, Najeem Ayodeji Isiaka, and Oluwaseun Kayode Taiwo. "Foreign Debts and Exchange Rate in Nigeria: The Stepwise Regression." Journal of Governance Risk Management Compliance and Sustainability 2, no. 2 (2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/jgrcs.v2i2.909.

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The considerable argument on the relationship between foreign debt and exchange rate remains debatable among the researchers. Various conclusions had been drawn with different methodology and variables considered in the existing studies. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between foreign trade and exchange rate in Nigeria for the period of 30years between 1990 and 2019. The study relied on a secondary source of data gathered through CBN statistical bulletin 2020 version. Foreign debt was strictly represented with multilateral debt, bilateral debt, Paris club and London club de

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8

Dr., Liaqat Ali, ul Islam Zia, Arif Shah Muhammad, and Naveed Shehzad Dr. "Determinants of Debt Maturity in Non Financial Firms (Pakistan Stock Exchange)." International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research 09, no. 10 (2020): 65–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4990530.

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<em>The paper has examined the determinants of debt maturity structure. The study has been carried out in the non-financial firms in Pakistan Stock Exchange. The study has collected data for listed 224 firms from 2010 to 2019. The study has used different models to estimate different determinants of debt maturity. The findings reveal that the agency cost hypotheses has been supported by the existing results. The firms always match the assets maturity with their debt maturity which saves them from the liquidity risk and also from future financial issues. The matching of assets and debts control

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Feriyanto, Nur, Donny Aryanto Prabowo, Adhitya Wardhono, and Ciplis Gema Qori’ah. "EXTERNAL DEBT: INDONESIA IS IN A DEBT TRAP?" EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan) 8, no. 4 (2025): 594–612. https://doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2024.v8.i4.6477.

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Countries with limited domestic funding resources, including Indonesia, urgently need external debt. External debt requires good management so that it does not become a burden or even ensnare the debtor country (debt trap). This study aims to analyze the effect of macroeconomic factors, namely budget deficit, exchange rate, foreign exchange reserves, export, and the previous year's external debt, on the accumulation of external debt. It uses time series data during the period 1990 to 2021. The data analysis method in this study used Vector Autoregressive (VAR). The Impulse Response Function re

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Kurniawan, Ade, Dede Satria Putra, Wahid Fathurohman, et al. "The Concept Of Riba In Contemporary Business (Maaliyah Fiqh Study)." Jurnal Sosial Sains dan Komunikasi 3, no. 01 (2024): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.58471/ju-sosak.v3i01.572.

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Riba etymologically means increasing (al-ziyadah), growing (an-numuw), increasing (al-'uluw). Terminologically, riba is an addition to the principal of a debt that is agreed or required as compensation for the debt repayment period. Riba is absolutely, firmly and clearly haram according to the Qur'an, hadith and the consensus of the ulama. In general, riba is divided into two types, namely riba duyun/qardh (riba in debts) and riba buyu' (riba in buying and selling). Maqashid (purpose) of prohibiting riba: 1) to avoid tyrannical practices against business people; 2) violates the principle of th

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Rahayu, Yunita Rizqi, Siti Hodijah, and Candra Mustika. "Determinan utang luar negeri Indonesia dengan pendekatan error correction model (ECM)." e-Journal Perdagangan Industri dan Moneter 10, no. 1 (2022): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pim.v10i1.13090.

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Abstract The purpose of this research is: 1) to identify the development of foreign debts, exchange rates, exchange reserves, GDP, imports, and exports in Indonesia. 2) to analyze the long-term and short-term impact of exchange rates, exchange reserves, GDP, imports, and exports on Indonesian foreign debt. This study uses a quantitative descriptive analysis method of time-series data from 1995 to 2019. It uses multiple linear regression analysis tools with the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and Error Correction Model (ECM) with the help of Eviews 8. The source of data from the Sentral Statistics

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12

Rohmah, Isvina Vawaidatur. "Dampak inflasi dan Nilai Tukar Uang Bagi Pelunasan Hutang Pada Masyarakat Trebungan Mlandingan Situbondo Perspektif Fiqh Muamalah." Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam 9, no. 3 (2023): 4364. http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/jiei.v9i3.9902.

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We all know that the currency we use always experiences a decline in exchange rates from time to time. If it is associated with debt transactions, of course this is a problem. Do you still have to pay with the same amount as when borrowing, or with the currency value when paying off after experiencing inflation? This study aims so that people can find out the correct repayment of debt after inflation occurs or not and avoid usury. From the results of the study it can be concluded that inflation and exchange rates do not have a major impact on repayment of debts to the people of Trebungan Mland

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13

Prasetyo, Agung, and Esti Pasaribu. "Analysis of Factors Affecting Foreign Debt in Indonesia (Case Study 1990-2023)." Asian Journal of Applied Business and Management 3, no. 3 (2024): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.55927/ajabm.v3i3.10563.

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This research aims to determine the factors that influence foreign debt by using data on foreign exchange reserves, exchange rates, and interest rates on Indonesia's foreign debt for the period 1990-2023. The data used in this research was obtained from the official websites of the Ministry of Finance of Indonesia, the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), and Bank Indonesia. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this research show that foreign exchange reserves, exchange rates, and interest rates simultaneously influence Indonesia's foreign debt. Partially, fore

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14

Mendoza, Mikayla, and Andrew Gonzalez. "External Debt and its Impact on Exchange Rates in the Philippines." Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting Studies 4, no. 1 (2022): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jefas.2022.4.1.6.

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The exchange rate is a crucial macroeconomic factor within emerging and transition economies. External debt is a driving force for the growth of an economy. This study then aims to determine the impact of external debt on the exchange rate of the Philippines by examining the impact of external debt accumulation on the Philippines' exchange rates. The researcher applies a correlational time series analysis in order to capture the impact of external debt, debt services on external debt, and foreign reserves on the exchange rate of the Philippines within the period from 1980 to 2019. The relation

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15

Blumenstein, Ian B., J. Eric Maki, and John T. Owen. "SEC permits abbreviated tender and exchange offers for non-convertible high-yield and investment-grade debt securities." Journal of Investment Compliance 16, no. 3 (2015): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-06-2015-0040.

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Purpose – To advise companies of a recent SEC no-action letter relating to tender and exchange offers for certain debt securities. Design/methodology/approach – Reviews various conditions allowing an issuer to use a shortened timeframe in which certain debt tender/exchange offers need be kept open for as few as five business days. Findings – The abbreviated debt tender/exchange offer structure contemplated by the no-action letter provides a more efficient mechanism for conducting debt tender/exchange offers in certain circumstances. Practical implications – Issuers conducting a debt tender/exc

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16

Dr., Chris AC-Ogbonna. "Econometric Analysis of the Effect of External Debt on the Economic Growth of Nigeria." Econometric Analysis of the Effect of External Debt on the Economic Growth of Nigeria 5, no. 11 (2019): 42–52. https://doi.org/10.31695/IJASRE.2019.33573.

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<em>This study looks at the analysis of the effect of external debt on the Economic Growth of Nigeria  from 1980 to 2017 with secondary data sourced .from Central Bank of Nigeria and</em><em> Debt Management Office</em><em> statistical/annual </em><em>bulletins of various years. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Method is employed in the estimation of the multivariate regression model. In the data analysis, External Debt (EXDT), External Debt service (EXDS), and Exchange Rate (EXCHR) were used as independent variables against the dependent variable of Real </em><em>Gross Domestic

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17

Kongo, Yabesh Ombwori, Elvis Kimani Kiano, Joash Ogolla Ogada, and Peter Isaboke Omboto. "The Effect of Debt Service Ratio and Exchange Rate on Public Debt Sustainability in Kenya." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, no. XI (2023): 302–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.7011024.

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This study investigated the impact of the debt service ratio and exchange rate on the sustainability of Kenya’s debt. Since the 1970s, governments worldwide have struggled with unsustainable fiscal conduct. Kenya’s overall governmental debt rose close to 69 percent of GDP by the end of 2022 from 48.6 percent in 2015. For a nation’s macroeconomic and financial health, debt sustainability means the government can satisfy its financial obligations without special help or defaults and provides citizens with trust in the government’s financial management. Conversely, unsustainable debt diverts tax

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18

Viray, Edilberto, and Ma Jesusa Bato. "Granger Causality Analysis of the influence of debt service on the economy." Bedan Research Journal 8, no. 1 (2023): 285–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.58870/berj.v8i1.55.

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In the 1970s, it was during this period that the Marcos administration focused on fulfilling development projects, funded through concessional loans. These loans had been extended on terms substantially more generous than market loans, concessional either through interest rates below those available on the market or by grace periods, or a combination of these. Hence, with the bloated ability of the country until the present time of his son, Ferdinand Marcos Jr., and those long-term debts, debt service has become a fundamental peg in managing the debt hole of the economy. The researchers seek t

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19

Pyoko, Oliver Mukweyi. "Effect of Firm Size and Profitability on Long Term Debt of Firms Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya." Asian Journal of Probability and Statistics 26, no. 2 (2024): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajpas/2024/v26i2594.

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Organization expenses result from a company’s utilization of long-term debt in its capital structure. One can also characterize a firm’s size by looking at its assets. In order for a company to draw in investors, its worth increases with its size. The profitability of a business may be enhanced by including long-term obligations in its structure of capital since the interest paid on such debts is deduction for taxes. Therefore, this study aimed at examining the effect of firm size and profitability on long term debt of listed firms at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The study was based on tra

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20

Oktariyani, Oktariyani, and Afriyanti Hasanah. "PENGARUH FREE CASH FLOW, LIKUIDITAS DAN KEPEMILIKAN ASING TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN HUTANG PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA." JOURNAL OF APPLIED MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING 3, no. 1 (2019): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jama.v3i1.928.

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This study aims to determine the effect of free cash flow, liquidity and foreign ownership on debt policies in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The samples used in this study are basic and chemical sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2012-2016 period. The independent variables in this study are free cash flow, liquidity and foreign ownership. The control variable in this study is asset structure. The research method uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis techniques. The result of this study is that liquidity affects de

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21

Alhempi, R. Rudi, and Dodi Irawan Siregar. "Prediksi Utang Luar Negeri Indonesia dengan Menganalisis Cadangan Devisa terhadap Nilai Ekspor Indonesia Periode Tahun 2003 - 2016." Jurnal Ekonomi KIAT 30, no. 1 (2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/kiat.2019.vol30(1).3876.

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Indonesia's foreign debt has increased dramatically in the last decade both government and private debt, and has taken up a portion of Indonesia's state budget (APBN). The amount of principal payments and debt interest is almost double the Indonesian development budget. For this reason, an effort is needed to pay it off, that is, every country needs foreign exchange reserves as a means of foreign payment, export activities will increase the country's foreign exchange reserves, which in turn can strengthen economic fundamentals. One of the government's efforts to obtain foreign exchange from ab

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Nugraha, Nunu, Kamio Kamio, and Diah Setyorini Gunawan. "Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Utang Luar Negeri dan Dampaknya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 21, no. 1 (2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v21i1.1160.

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This research aims to examine and analyze the effect of government spending, exchange rate, and Debtor economic growth on Indonesia's foreign debt, as well as the impact of external debt on economic growth. The tools of the analysis in this research used multiple linear regression method and use test (t-test and F-test). The result of study indicated government expenditures have a significant effect on foreign debt while debtor country exchange rate and economic growth have no significant effect on external debt. Simultaneously government spending, debt country, exchange rate and economic grow

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Farhadi, Zahra, Narjes Kamali Kermani, Abdolhossein Talebi Najafabadi, and Mohammad Vahdani. "DEBT CONTRACTS AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE ADJUSTMENT SPEED IN THE TEHRAN STOCK EXCHANGE." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 1 (2019): 300–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7134.

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Purpose of the Study: A competitive market and the complexity of the business environment led to the special attention of practitioners in the field of economics to the capital structure and, especially, economic units of debts. The current study investigates the relationship between debt contracts and changes in the capital structure of 114 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2016. Methodology: In this research, the data was extracted, classified, and calculated by using Excel software and ultimately, the hypotheses were tested at a 95% confidence level through E-

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Abuamsha, Mohamed, and Suhair Shumali. "Debt structure and its impact on financial performance: An empirical study on the Palestinian stock exchange." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 15, no. 1 (2022): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-1/14.

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The study aims to identify the impact that debt structure has on the financial performance of the organizations listed on the Palestinian Exchange (PEX). The sample of the study consists of 41 companies listed in the PEX, excluding the banking sector. The descriptive method is used, in addition to model measurement, to analyze the panel data using the multiple-regression method. The study concludes that the ROA increases when long-term debts are used for financing the assets in the insurance, investment, and industrial sectors. On the other hand, in the service sector, the ROA is negatively af

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Khan, Lal, Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh, Rehman Akhtar, and Asad Abbas. "Assessing the Impact of Rule of Law, External Debt, and Exchange Rate Volatility on Domestic Consumption in SAARC Countries." Review of Education, Administration & Law 7, no. 1 (2024): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/real.v7i1.364.

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This paper investigates the relationship between rule of law, exchange rate volatility, external debt, and domestic consumption in SAARC countries from 1995 to 2022. Using a panel dataset, the study employs a random effects model to analyze the associations. Findings reveal that inflation rate, GDP growth, exchange rate, and rule of law positively link with domestic consumption, while external debt, interest rate, and exchange rate volatility exhibit negative associations. Granger causality analysis indicates that external debt granger causes exchange rate volatility, and there is bidirectiona

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Wahyudi, Heru, Driya Wirawan, I. Wayan Suparta, and Widia Anggi Palupi. "Determinants of Indonesia’s External Debt 31 Years." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 20 (August 11, 2023): 1802–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2023.20.158.

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External debt can be used as a source of development in developing countries, including Indonesia. External debt can be affected by various factors. This study aims to determine the short- and long-term relationship between the exchange rate, foreign exchange reserves, and state revenues for Indonesia’s external debt from 1990 to 2021, sourced from the World Bank. The method used in this study is the Error Correction Model (ECM). The results of this study show that the exchange rate in both the short and long term has a significant negative effect on foreign debt. In the short and long term, f

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Musiita, Benjamin, Fredrick Nsambu Kijjambu, Asaph Kabuura Katarangi, Geoffrey Kahangane, and Sheila Akampwera. "Uganda’s Debt Sustainability: Testing The Efficacy of Debt Overhang Theory." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 15, no. 4(J) (2023): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v15i4(j).3657.

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The primary objective of this paper is to discern the impact of key economic variables, including primary balance, real interest rate, GDP growth rate, real effective exchange rate, and current account balance, on the long-term and short-term sustainability of the country's debt. Drawing on an array of econometric analyses within the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag framework, the study establishes that a fiscal surplus and sound management positively influence debt sustainability in the long run. However, it reveals that higher real interest rates pose challenges, leading to increased debt loa

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Amilusholihah and Ikaputera Waspada. "External Debt In Indonesia’s Economic Growth: Role Macroeconomic Performance." JIES : Journal of Islamic Economics Studies 5, no. 3 (2024): 146–58. https://doi.org/10.33752/jies.v5i3.7293.

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The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), exports, foreign exchange reserves, and exchange rates on Indonesia's external debt. A quantitative approach was employed using multiple linear regression analysis techniques with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) methodology, conducted through SPSS software version 24. Annual time series data for 26 years, from 1997 to 2022, were obtained from the World Bank and Bank Indonesia (BI). The study results indicate that simultaneously the independent variables GDP, exports, foreign exchange reserves and the exchange rate hav

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Fu, Yongshuang, Jiayi Du, and Yajie Wang. "Hedging FX Exposure Risk by Foreign Currency-denominated Debt and Derivatives: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies." Journal of Statistics and Economics 1, no. 2 (2024): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.62517/jse.202411215.

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This empirical study explores the determinants of foreign currency debt financing for export-oriented companies, utilizing panel data from Chinese listed companies spanning the period 2015-2019. Across the entire sample, raising foreign currency debt appears to serve as a natural hedging mechanism; employing foreign exchange hedging instruments effectively mitigates foreign exchange risks for these firms. Subsequent analysis demonstrates that industry variations can introduce risk exposure in foreign currency debt, with hedging instruments and foreign debt acting as effective complements or su

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Abutaleb, Ahmed S., and Michael G. Papaioannou. "Optimal Exchange Rates: A Stochastic Control Approach." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 19 (December 31, 2022): 2027–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2022.19.182.

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We present novel formulas for the determination of the optimal values of the exchange rate and the external (foreign currency) debt. A stochastic differential equation is developed that relates the net worth of an economy to both its exchange rate and level of external debt. Using the martingale optimality principle, the optimal values for the exchange rate and the external debt are derived. Applied to Egypt, we find that its actual nominal exchange rate has stayed above its optimal value since the early 1990s, except for two years, and that the actual external debt-to-net worth ratio is lower

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Mustapha Fanneh, Momodou, Alpha Omar Jallow, Abdoulie A. Jallow, and Idris Abubakar. "Impact Of Exchange Rate On Debt In The Gambia: A Non-Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model." Educator Development Journal 3, no. 1 (2025): 67–75. https://doi.org/10.22373/edj.v3i1.6873.

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This study investigates the relationship between exchange rate fluctuations and debt sustainability in The Gambia. Unstable currency rate remains a major problem to countries’ economy especially external debt which The Gambia is faced with. To achieve the objective of this study, we employed non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model to explore both short-term and long-term effect. Our study revealed that exchange rate volatility was found to significantly influence The Gambia’s external debt dynamics, particularly through the reduction of the Gambian Dalasi (GMD) against major cu

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Pandia, Sonya Enda Natasha S., and Robinhot Gultom. "UKURAN PERUSAHAAN SEBAGAI PEMODERASI PENGARUH TAX MINIMIZATION, DEBT COVENANT, KUALITAS AUDIT, EXCHANGE RATE TERHADAP TRANSFER PRICING." Jurnal Ilmiah METHONOMI 8, no. 1 (2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46880/methonomi.vol8no1.pp1-18.

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This research aims to determine and analyze the influence of Tax Minimization, Debt Covenant, Audit Quality, dan Exchange Rate in Transfer Pricing. The populations in this research were 202 companies. The sampling method in this research was purposive sampling and obtained 51 sample companies. The data testing method used is multiple linear regression analysis with residual test testing.The result of analysis shows that simultaneously Tax Minimization, Debt Covenant, Audit Quality, dan Exchange Rate have a not significant effect on Transfer Pricing. Partially, Tax Minimization, Debt Covenant,

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Hornborg, Alf, and Joan Martinez-Alier. "Ecologically unequal exchange and ecological debt." Journal of Political Ecology 23, no. 1 (2016): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v23i1.20220.

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This article introduces a Special Section on Ecologically Unequal Exchange (EUE), an underlying source of most of the environmental distribution conflicts in our time. The nine articles discuss theories, methodologies, and empirical case studies pertaining to ecologically unequal exchange, and address its relationship to ecological debt.Key words: Ecologically Unequal Exchange, ecological debt, political ecology This is the introductory article in Alf Hornborg and Joan Martinez-Alier (eds.) 2016. "Ecologically unequal exchange and ecological debt", Special Section of the Journal of Political E

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34

Hogan, Warren. "Foreign Debt and Foreign Exchange Markets." Economic Analysis and Policy 25, no. 2 (1995): 99–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0313-5926(95)50020-7.

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35

Fabella, Raul V. "The debt-adjusted real exchange rate." Journal of International Money and Finance 15, no. 3 (1996): 475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5606(96)00015-0.

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36

Benigno, Pierpaolo, and Federica Romei. "Debt deleveraging and the exchange rate." Journal of International Economics 93, no. 1 (2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2014.03.001.

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Aritonang, Graselita, Amril Amril, and Zulgani Zulgani. "Pengaruh ekspor, utang luar negeri, neraca transaksi berjalan dan neraca transaksi modal terhadap cadangan devisa di Indonesia." e-Journal Perdagangan Industri dan Moneter 8, no. 1 (2020): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pim.v8i1.7861.

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The purpose of this study is to (1) see the description of Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves, exports, foreign debt, current account balance, and capital account balance for the period 1998-2017. (2) analyze the effect of exports, foreign debt, current account balance, and capital account balance on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive analysis with multiple regression model analysis using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The results of this study show that the average development of Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves

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Erwina, Tiara, Haryadi Haryadi, and Candra Mustika. "Pengaruh neraca transaksi berjalan, transaksi modal dan utang luar negeri terhadap cadangan devisa Indonesia." e-Jurnal Perspektif Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Daerah 7, no. 2 (2018): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pdpd.v7i2.6891.

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This study aims to analyze: 1) developments in foreign exchange reserves, current account balance, capital transaction and foreign debt; 2) the influence of the current account balance, capital transactions and foreign debt on Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves. The data used is secondary data in the form of time series. The results of the study found that: 1) the average development of Indonesia's foreign exchange reserves during the period 1998-2016 was 31.60 percent per year, the current account balance was -28 percent per year, the capital account balance was 46 percent per year and for

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W Samuel, Kimani, Fredrick W. S Ndede, and Gerald K. Atheru. "Financial Structure and Financial Growth of Financial Firms Listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya." Journal of Finance and Accounting 6, no. 1 (2022): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t2042.

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Decline in performance deter investor from investing in firms. As such, the firms struggle to raise funds for their operations. The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of financial structure on financial growth of financial firms listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of short term debt, long term debt retained earnings and share capital on financial growth as well as how they are moderated by firm size on financial firms. The theories informing the study included Modigliani-Miller theory, Trade-off Theory, Pecking Order Theory and Agency co

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Sinha, Pankaj, and Shalini Agnihotri. "Does Brownian Risk Matter in Debt or Equity Issuance and Repurchase Decision in Indian Non-Financial Companies?" Journal of International Business and Economy 18, no. 1 (2017): 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.51240/jibe.2017.1.3.

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External commercial borrowings (ECBs) of Indian non-financial firms have grown by 107 % in past few years. Looking at the high reliance of firms on external debt, this paper investigates the effect of foreign exchange, interest rate and firm specific risk on the debt issuance and retirement decision. It also investigates the factors affecting equity issuance and retirement decision of the firms. Foreign exchange risk and interest rate risk is estimated using stochastic volatility and GARCH (1,1) methods. Firm specific risk is calculated using Black-Scholes Merton model for company valuation. T

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Dayo, OKEWOLE David, O. O. Simon-Oke, and O. P. Ologunwa. "PUBLIC DEBT AND EXCHANGE RATE IN NIGERIA." International Journal of Applied Science and Research 08, no. 01 (2025): 186–97. https://doi.org/10.56293/ijasr.2025.6319.

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The purpose of this research is to find out the impact of public debt and exchange rate on the performance of firms in Nigeria. Proper understanding on how to investigate the importance of public debt in Nigeria and the degree of responsiveness of exchange rate to public debt in Nigeria. The study adopted a corelational research design. The population of the study were Central Bank of Nigeria, Federal Ministry of Finance, among others that are listed on the floor of Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study adopted purposive sampling technique. This study covers the period interval from 2004-2022. Th

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Murni, Anggia, Umaruddin Usman, Jariah Abubakar, and Mutia Rahmah. "THE INFLUENCE OF THE NUMBER OF FOREIGN TOURISTS AND FOREIGN DEBT TO FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES IN INDONESIA." Journal of Malikussaleh Public Economics 4, no. 2 (2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/jmpe.v4i2.6042.

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This study examines the effect of the number of foreign tourists and foreign debt on foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data from 2005 to 2019. Data are analyzed by using multiple linear regression (Ordinary Least Squares). The result showed that the foreign tourists and foreign debt do not influence foreign exchange reserves. Simultaneously, the number of foreign tourists and foreign debt affected the foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.839184, which indicates that the influence of the number of foreign tourists an

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Gbenga, Ajibua. "External Debt Servicing and Public Expenditure in Nigeria (2000-2023): is There a link?" South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics 22, no. 4 (2025): 122–31. https://doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2025/v22i4989.

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The study assessed the effect of debt servicing on public expenditure in Nigeria for the period, 2000-2023. The dependent variable is government expenditure while independent variables consist of debt servicing, external debt and exchange rate. The study utilized co-integration and Ordinary Least Square and finding indicated evidence of long run relationship between public expenditure and debt servicing. The study also found that the impact of debt servicing and exchange on government expenditure is positive while external debt exerted significant negative effect on public expenditure. It is r

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Fakhrurrazi, Fakhrurrazi, and Hijri Juliansyah. "Analisis Hubungan Ekspor, Pembayaran Hutang Luar Negeri Dan Nilai Tukar Terhadap Cadangan Devisa Indonesia." JURNAL EKONOMIKA INDONESIA 10, no. 1 (2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/ekonomika.v10i1.4505.

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This study aims to determine the relationship between exports, foreign debt payments, and the exchange rates on the foreign exchange reserves of Indonesia in 1988-2019. This study uses secondary data for 31 years and uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) analysis method to analyze the data. The results of this study indicate that all variables have no relationship between variables, only on the foreign exchange reserves to exports. In short-term testing, the export does not have a significant effect on foreign exchange reserves, and the foreign debt payment and the exchange rate have

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Omrane, Samia. "An analysis of exchange rate risk exposure related to the public debt portfolio of Tunisia: Beyond VaR approach." Panoeconomicus 59, no. 1 (2012): 59–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan1201059o.

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The aim of this study is to assess the exchange rate risk associated with the Tunisian public debt portfolio through Value-at-Risk (VaR) methodology. We use daily spot exchange rates of the Tunisian dinar against the three main debt currencies, the dollar, the euro and the yen. Our period of interest is from 02/01/2004 to 31/12/2008. Thetas and Marginal VaR analysis reveal that Japanese yen is the most risky currency constituting the Tunisian public debt portfolio. American dollar appears as a source of risk for the Tunisian external debt but remains less risky than the yen, while, the euro co

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Grosse, Robert. "Peru's Black Market in Foreign Exchange." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 33, no. 3 (1991): 135–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165936.

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The foreign exchange market in Peru experienced the same kinds of overwhelming volatility and severe shocks as the rest of the national economy during the 1980s. Beginning in 1980, Peru's economy was buffeted by a severe decline in copper prices followed, in 1982, by a huge increase in real debt servicing costs as a result of the drop in industrial-country inflation and remaining high dollar interest rates. This simultaneous squeeze on export earnings and hike in debt service cost led to an inability to meet foreign debt commitments and, essentially, a cutoff from access to foreign capital.

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Bakaruddin1, Kasman Karimi2 Evi Susanti Tasri3 Sri Arita4 Usnimar5 Zulkifli6. "ANALYSIS OF GOVERNMENT FINANCING ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES AND DIFFERENCE STATE ECONOMIC SYSTEM." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT 5, no. 4 (2018): 73–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1236938.

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Defrayal of State very determining how a State can execute development process and intention of development of conducted economics. Defrayal  of State determined by some indicator, one of them consist of foreign exchange reserve, foreign exchange is representative by defrayal of state which is very determine by indicator of macro economic. This research is aim to analyze to macro economic indicator which determine foreign exchange reserve such as exchange rate, inflation, foreign debt and interestrate. This research try to analyze the influence with multiple linear regression, and then by

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Das, Aditi. "Impact of Indias Current Account Deficit and National Debt on Its Foreign Exchange Rate (vs. Us$): A Study of India from 1990-2018." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (2022): 1657–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45534.

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Abstract: The Current Account Deficit and National Debt of a country are two major factors that can impact the foreign exchange rates it has with the currencies of other nations. This study empirically analyses the impact of India’s Current Account Deficit (in million USD) and National Debt (in million USD) on the nation’s Foreign Exchange Rate (vs.US$). The Current Account is the balance of trade between a country and its trading partners, reflecting all payments between countries for goods, services, interest, and dividends. A deficit in the current account shows that the value of the goods

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Wahyuningsih, Diah, and Uun Primangesti Ningsih. "The Effect of Foreign Debt on The Exchange Rate and Its Impact on Monetary Policy in Indonesia." Media Trend 14, no. 1 (2019): 128–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/mediatrend.v14i1.5047.

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The objectives of this study are to analyze the effect of foreign debt on the exchange rate that seen from the foreign debt and the exchange rate, and add the variable of inflationary monetary policy and the interest rate of BI Rate to test its impact on monetary policy in Indonesia. The approach in this study is quantitative approach. Data that used are Time Series data from Asian Development Bank and Indonesian World Bank in 1986-2013. Variables that used are exchange rate, foreign debt, inflation and the interest rate of BI Rate. Method that used in this study is Vector Auto Regression (VAR

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Zahra, Andleeb, Nadia Nasir, Saif Ur Rahman, and Sadia Idress. "Impact of Exchange Rate, and Foreign Direct Investment on External Debt: Evidence from Pakistan Using ARDL Cointegration Approach." iRASD Journal of Economics 5, no. 1 (2023): 709–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/joe.2023.0501.0110.

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Using time series data from Pakistan 1973 to 2021, this research examines the effect of exchange-rate, fiscal deficits, foreign direct investment and economic expansion on foreign debt. The auto regressive distributed lag model is used in the research to look into the co-integration analysis of variables and their existence. The study confirms the positive and significant relationship exist among the rate of exchange, foreign direct investment, the fiscal deficit, economic growth, and external debt in the long run. However, in the short run, the real effective exchange rate and fiscal deficit

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