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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Exclosure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Ter, Beest Julia M. "EFFECTS OF A RESTORED ELK POPULATION ON SOILS, VEGETATION, AND WATER QUALITY IN EASTERN KENTUCKY." UKnowledge, 2005. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/284.

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A restored elk (Cervus elaphus) population in eastern Kentucky may be affecting ecosystem processes in a landscape composed of reclaimed grassland expanses and isolated forest remnants. Elk routinely select forested ridge-tops as resting and ruminating sites. These locations are characterized by sparse or absent leaf litter, trampled and diminished vegetation, large deposits of dung, and urine-saturated soils. In fall 2003, a series of fenced ungulate exclosures were constructed; 8 on highly disturbed forested ridge-tops and 8 on reclaimed grasslands. Soil analyses measured % moisture, pH, tot

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2

Adkins, Nicholas. "Vegetation Assessment to Understand the Effect of Feral Goat Populations on Native Flora Composition." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Forestry, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7466.

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A vegetation assessment was conducted to understand the effect of feral goats (Capra hircus) on the vegetation of Isolated Hill Scenic Reserve located in Southern Marlborough. New Zealand forests evolved without the pressure of mammalian herbivores but following human settlement they became subject to intensive browsing following the introduction of exotic mammals. This study focuses on the presence of feral goats. Interest arises from the settlement of other countries and the subsequent liberations of feral goats which are now considered to be responsible for the significant removal of nativ

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3

Leeson, Ryan Elizabeth. "Interactions between white-tailed deer and vegetation in southern Illinois." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2314.

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White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have considerable impacts on woody and herbaceous vegetation. Many oak-hickory forests in the eastern U.S. are experiencing a lack of oak (Quercus) and hickory (Carya) regeneration, with deer being a likely culprit. Furthermore, few have studied deer use of different herbaceous food plot mixtures. I addressed these gaps in the literature by assessing deer impacts on forest and herbaceous vegetation in southern Illinois. I established 150 paired plots (enclosed and control) in June 2015 and measured 25 habitat variables to assess impacts of deer he

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4

au, k. maher@murdoch edu, and Kellie Maher. "Encroachment of sandplain heathland (kwongan) by Allocasuarina huegeliana in the Western Australian wheatbelt: the role of herbivores, fire and other factors." Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20081211.92011.

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Kwongan, also known as sandplain heathland, occurs in remnant vegetation throughout the fragmented landscape of the Western Australian wheatbelt. This vegetation community has high levels of species richness and endemism, and is of high conservation value. In many vegetation remnants in the wheatbelt the native tree species Allocasuarina huegeliana (rock sheoak) is expanding out from its normal range and encroaching into kwongan. A. huegeliana may ultimately dominate the kwongan, causing a decline in floristic diversity. Altered disturbance regimes, particularly the absence of fire and reduced

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5

Lemessa, Debissa. "Pests and pest controlling organisms across tropical agroecological landscapes in relation to forest and tree-cover." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och botanik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-102849.

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A major challenge in agroecosystems is how to manage the systems so that it reduces crop pests and enhances natural pest control. This thesis investigates patterns of crop pests and top-down effects of birds and arthropod predators in relation to land-use composition across spatial scales. In paper (I) I examined the crop distribution and land-use types in relation to the crop raiding patterns in 15 transectsin sites close to and far from forests along with a questionnaire survey at household level. I found severe crop raiding close to forests, but it had no impact on crop composition growing

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6

Burkholder, Derek A. "Top Down Control in a Relatively Pristine Seagrass Ecosystem." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/799.

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The loss of large-bodied herbivores and/or top predators has been associated with large-scale changes in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems around the world. Understanding the consequences of these declines has been hampered by a lack of studies in relatively pristine systems. To fill this gap, I investigated the dynamics of the relatively pristine seagrass ecosystem of Shark Bay, Australia. I began by examining the seagrass species distributions, stoichiometry, and patterns of nutrient limitation across the whole of Shark Bay. Large areas were N-limited, P-limited, or limited by f

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7

Grubh, Archis R. "Effects of anthropogenic disturbances and biotic interactions on stream biota in gulf coastal plain streams." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1155753270.

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8

Brandenburg, Marci D. "Effects of deer exclosures on forest floor mammals." Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1097606609.

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9

Brandenburg, Marci. "Effects of deer exclosures on forest floor mammals." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1097606609.

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10

Bunn, Victoria Jeanne. "The effects of riparian grazing exclosures on adjacent riverine ecosystems." Thesis, Montana State University, 2011. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2011/bunn/BunnV0811.pdf.

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In the western U.S., riparian ecosystems cover 1% of land area while supporting 70-80% of native species. 70% of this land area is available as range for livestock, who use riparian areas preferentially. Ecological concerns have led to numerous studies of the effects grazing has on these ecologically important, easily damaged ecosystems. Exclosure-based research has thoroughly examined the effects of livestock on riparian ecosystem health and function, but failed to investigate the potential for exclosures to intensify adverse effects of use at their boundaries, which could lead to overestimat

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11

Bessey, Cindy. "The Role of Teleost Grazers in a Relatively Pristine Seagrass Ecosystem." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/911.

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Trophic downgrading of ecosystems necessitates a functional understanding of trophic cascades. Identifying the presence of cascades, and the mechanisms through which they occur, is particularly important for seagrass meadows, which are among the most threatened ecosystems on Earth. Shark Bay, Western Australia provides a model system to investigate the potential importance of top-down effects in a relatively pristine seagrass ecosystem. The role of megagrazers in the Shark Bay system has been previously investigated, but the role of macrograzers (i.e., teleosts), and their importance relative

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12

Ensing, David John. "Novel approaches to evaluating compositional heterogeneity : a case study using grazing exclosures in alpine meadow communities." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45076.

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Despite a long history, accurately quantifying biological diversity remains a priority for ecologists and the continuing development of novel tools and approaches has identified areas that require further investigation. Currently, the quantification of evolutionary diversity (phylogenetic diversity) is receiving intense and critical interest, but few have attempted to quantify among sample phylogenetic variation (beta diversity) and fewer still have measured the influence of grazing on the phylogenetic diversity of plant communities. Novel partitions of beta diversity, which quantify the indep

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13

Richardson, Isabelle M. G. "Predator exclosures, a management technique to increase piping plover (charadrius melodus) reproductive success in the Canadian prairies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ40100.pdf.

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14

West, Benjamin C. "The Influence of Predator Exclosures and Livestock Grazing on Duck Production at Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah." DigitalCommons@USU, 2002. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4431.

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Nest predation is a major factor impacting duck production and recruitment on breeding areas in North America. I surveyed waterfowl managers employed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. state wildlife agencies to determine their beliefs about nest predation and its management. Over 64% of respondents believed that rates of nest success on their management units averaged <30% between 1996-2000. Managers believed habitat management and direct predator control were the most effective techniques to reduce nest predation. The construction of predator exclosures around nesting habitat als

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15

Molin, Johan. "Predation på evertebrater under tidig vår i sjön Tåkern." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-79044.

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Benthic invertebrates play important roles as feeding resources for many organisms in different food webs. Shifts in predation of these organisms can generate cascading effects and potentially lead to the disappearance of one or more species from a site. Cascading effects can bring impacts to organisms who aren’t even directly involved, why studies in this field are important for understanding sudden changes in ecosystems. I examined the predation from fish and waterfowl on benthic invertebrates in the shallow and eutrophic Lake Tåkern in the plains of Östergötland County, southern Sweden. The

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16

Scholtz, Theo. "The evaluation of the establishment and growth of indigenous trees to restore deforested riparian areas in the Mapungubwe National Park, South Africa / Theo Scholtz." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1842.

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The deforestation of riparian areas is a major concern in southern Africa. These areas are characterized as fragile ecosystems which contribute largely to the regional and global biodiversity of the world. It is therefore important to restore these degraded areas along the natural rivers of South Africa to ensure the sustainability and biodiversity of riparian corridors. Riparian areas inside the National Parks of South Africa, and especially in Mapungubwe National Park, have a high esthetical value and should be preserved for future generations. The study was conducted in the Mapungubwe Natio

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17

Grellmann, Doris. "Top-down and bottom-up effects in a Fennoscandian tundra community." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-96883.

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The objective of this thesis was to investigate the effects of mammalian grazers, such as microtine rodents and reindeer, (top-down effects) and nutrient availability (bottom- up effects) on the plant community of a tundra heath. I conducted a large-scale fertilization experiment and studied the impact of grazers using exclosures. I measured the effects of fertilization and grazing on soil microbial activity and nutrient cycling. I investigated the responses to fertilization of the invertebrate community, I studied the effects on the quality of bilberry as food for mammalian herbivores, and I

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18

Moen, Jon. "Herbivory and plant community structure in a subarctic altitudinal gradient." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-102558.

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The object of this thesis was to study plant community structure, especially in relation to vertebrate herbivory, in an altitudinal gradient in the Fennoscandian mountain chain. A sowing experiment in a high alpine Ranunculus glacialis population showed that seeds germinated better in cleared microsites than under established individuals. This is contrasted with a hypothesis that predicts positive plant-plant interactions in high alpine environments. It was concluded that plant-plant interactions in die studied population varied from neutral to negative, whereas no indications for positive int

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19

Bernard, Marianne. "Changements climatiques et herbivorie : influence sur la régénération et le potentiel d'avenir des forêts mélangées." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG052/document.

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L’inquiétude au sujet du devenir des forêts tempérées de moyenne montagne va croissant, du fait du changement climatique d’une part, et des difficultés de régénération liées à la pression exercée par les grands ongulés d’autre part. Les populations d’ongulés herbivores connaissent en effet une forte augmentation depuis le milieu du XXème siècle dans l’hémisphère Nord ; et leur abroutissement sélectif, dû à leurs préférences alimentaires, exerce une forte pression sur la régénération, dont l’intensité sur les essences varie selon leur appétence. La réponse de la régénération au changement clima

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20

Vidaller, Christel. "Quels facteurs limitent l’installation de Brachypodium retusum : une espèces clé pour la restauration écologique des steppes méditerranéennes ?" Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0349/document.

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Le brachypode rameux (Brachypodium retusum) est une espèce herbacée pérenne qui domine les pelouses sèches de Méditerranée occidentale. Dans notre zone d’étude du Sud de la France, la recolonisation spontanée est très faible après perturbation du sol. Cette observation ne correspond pas aux résultats d'études menées dans d'autres régions montrant une capacité de colonisation élevée. L'objectif principal de cette thèse était donc de tester les différentes hypothèses pouvant expliquer les différents patrons de colonisation.Dans un premier chapitre, nous avons testé si ces différents patrons de c

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21

Chang, Chia-wei, and 張家維. "The Impact of Migratory Shorebirds (Scolopacidae and Charadriidae) Feeding on Prey Abundance with Exclosure Experiment in Su Tsao Wild Life Reserve." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85696684801169522488.

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碩士<br>國立彰化師範大學<br>生物學系<br>90<br>The Su Tsao Wild Life Reserve is a very important perching habitat in southwest Taiwan for winter migrant birds. Feeding is the main activity to wintering shorebirds. Therefore, the exclosure experiment and the analysis of stomach content in shorebird were designed to assess the impact of feeding activities of winter shorebirds on the prey abundances in this Reserve Area. According to the experimental results and statistic analysis, I concluded that: (1) Except water depth, other environmental factors were no significance differences in every exp

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22

Beaulieu, Gabrielle. "The Implications of Predator Management for an Endangered Shorebird; Do Nest Exclosures Affect the Behaviour of Piping Plovers and their Predators?" Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/15520.

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Predators are a threat to many ground-nesting shorebirds, although it remains largely unknown how they interact with passive predator management techniques such as nest exclosures. I examined the effects of nest exclosures on incubating Piping Plovers (Charadrius melodus melodus) and their predators on nesting beaches in Kouchibouguac and PEI National Parks. A combination of behavioural observations, video monitoring of nests and an artificial nest experiment was used to examine the effects of nest exclosures in this study system. The behaviour of Piping Plovers did not differ between exclosed

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23

Zhou, Rugare. "The long term changes of woody vegetation patches inside and outside of exclosures in Kruger National Park, South Africa." Thesis, 2014.

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Woody vegetation patches play an important role in the savanna ecosystem. They provide habitat for animal species and are important for some ecological processes such as. However, the coexistence of trees and grass depend on several factors such as fire, elephant, rainfall and soil type. In Kruger National Park, factors that affect the survival of woody vegetation patches are elephants and fire. The loss of woody vegetation patches leads to fragmentation of the landscape. The main aim of this study was to determine the relative difference in the composition, complexity and configuration of woo

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24

Bennett, Ami. "The impacts of sambar (Cervus unicolor) in the Yarra Ranges National Park." 2008. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/6804.

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Internationally, the impacts of deer have been widely studied, but little work has been conducted in Australia. Sambar (Cervus unicolor Kerr) were introduced to Victoria in the 1860s from Sri Lanka, and have become established throughout eastern Victoria. This study is located in the Yarra Ranges National Park, 100 km north east of Melbourne. The park primarily consists of three protected water catchments that contribute approximately 50% to Melbourne’s water supply. This study was conducted from 2005 to 2008 in the Upper Yarra and O’Shannassy catchments. Large open areas covered by forbs and

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25

Solorzano-Filho, Jorge Alberto. "On Small Mammal Sympatry in the Southeastern Amazon and Ecological Relationships with Brazil Nut Dispersal and Harvesting." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/19233.

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The Amazon rainforest harbors the planet's highest biodiversity among terrestrial ecosystems; however, the biology and ecology of most of its species are unknown. Niche partitioning is considered a key factor allowing species co-existence, especially for morphological similar species such as spiny rats of the genus Proechimys. I examined the extent to which habitat differentiation, species body mass, and diet could explain the community composition of small mammals at a site in the southeastern Amazon. Moreover, I radio-tagged sympatric species of Proechimys spp. and Mesomys stimulax (an arbor

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26

Maas, Bea. "Birds, bats and arthropods in tropical agroforestry landscapes: Functional diversity, multitrophic interactions and crop yield." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0022-5E77-5.

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