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Journal articles on the topic 'Excretion of osmotically active substances'

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Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Laden, S., L. Nehmadi, and R. Yagil. "Dehydration tolerance in Awassi fat-tailed sheep." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 2 (1987): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-056.

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Young Awassi sheep were subjected to 5-d periods of complete water restriction in metabolic cages. During water deprivation there were steady declines in food intake and faeces and urine excretion. The blood haematocrit and urine and plasma osmolalities increased. There was a decline in blood and faecal water. As dehydration progressed, urinary excretion of osmotically active substances was greatly reduced. When drinking water was presented following 5 d of restriction it took 24 h to replace water losses and for urine to be excreted. Faecal water did not return to normal within 24 h. The shee

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2

Olenovych, Olha, and Walery Zukow. "Osmotic concentration of urine in the dynamics of the development of alloxan-induced experimental diabetes." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, no. 10 (2022): 389–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2022.12.10.045.

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In order to clarify the peculiarities of the osmotic concentration of urine in the dynamics of the development of alloxan-induced experimental diabetes mellitus (DDM), studies were conducted on 54 sexually mature non-linear male white rats, in which DDM was simulated by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan solution (Alloxan monohydrate, "Acros Organics", Belgium) at a dose of 160 mg/kg of body weight after a previous 12-hour food deprivation with preserved access to water. 10, 25, and 45 days after the introduction of the diabetogenic substance, 24 alloxan-diabetic rats, as well as 30

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3

Kuznetsova, E. S., E. N. Kuznetsova, V. V. Shuhtin та A. I. Gozhenko. "Особенности осморегулирующей функции почек у больных с сахарным диабетом 1 типа = Features of the renal osmoregulatory function in patients with type 1 diabetes". Journal of Education, Health and Sport 5, № 8 (2015): 64–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23452.

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<strong>Kuznetsova E</strong><strong>.</strong><strong> S</strong><strong>., </strong><strong>Kuznetsova E</strong><strong>.</strong><strong> N</strong><strong>., </strong><strong>Shuhtin V</strong><strong>.</strong><strong> V</strong><strong>., </strong><strong>Gozhenko A</strong><strong>.</strong><strong> I</strong><strong>.</strong> <strong>О</strong><strong>собенности осморегулирующей функции почек у больных с сахарным диабетом 1 типа = </strong><strong>F</strong><strong>eatures</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>renal</strong> <strong>osmoregulatory</strong> <strong

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Kuznetsova, E. S., A. S. Kuznetsova, V. V. Shuhtin та A. I. Gozhenko. "РARTICULAR QUALITIES OF THE RENAL OSMOREGULATORY FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES". Ukrainian Journal of Nephrology and Dialysis, № 4(48) (23 листопада 2015): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31450/ukrjnd.4(48).2015.03.

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The aim of the study was to examine the osmoregulatory state of renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes in a water - salt load with 0,5% NaCl in the amount of 0.5% of body weight. Materials and methods. The study involved 56patients with insulin - dependent diabetic nephropathy,24 men (42.9%) and 32 women (57.1%), aged from 38 to 81 years. The osmolality was measured by freezing point depression on osmomat 030 - D (USA). Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated by the formula GFR - EPI with subsequent determination of renal functional reserve. Results. It demonstrate

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Wintour, EM, R. Riquelme, C. Gaete, et al. "Renal function in the chronically cannulated fetal llama: comparison with studies in the ovine fetus." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 7, no. 5 (1995): 1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9951311.

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Samples of maternal and fetal plasma, fetal urine, and amniotic fluid were collected from 8 chronically cannulated pregnant llamas, in the last third of gestation. The samples were obtained for up to 18 days post-surgery. Osmolality, sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl), and urea were measured on 40 samples collected on days 1, 2, 3, 4-5, 6-7, 8-9, and 10-19. The osmolalities of maternal and fetal plasma, fetal urine and amniotic fluid, averaged over these 7 time periods, were, respectively, 312 +/- 2, 311 +/- 1, 484 +/- 14, and 317 +/- 1 mosmol kg-1. Values are given as mean +/- s.e. The

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Khasun, M. H., A. Sh Rumyantsev, and V. G. Sipovsky. "Renal electrolyte clearance in patients with nephrotic syndrome." Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg) 28, no. 3 (2024): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36485/1561-6274-2024-28-3-32-37.

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BACKGROUND. Nephrotic syndrome (NS) develops with severe damage to the glomerular filter. The kidneys play a key role in the regulation of water-electrolyte homeostasis. However, the features of water-electrolyte disorders in glomerulopathy have not been studied enough. The aim of our study was to determine the main indicators of renal electrolyte transport in adult patients with NS. PATIENTS AND METHODS. 173 patients with glomerulopathy, 114 men and 81 women, were examined. The average age is 39.0±15.8 years. All of them were hospitalized during 2016-2019 years. A traditional nephrological cl

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7

OLENOVYCH, Olha, and Walery ZUKOW. "Osmotic concentration of urine in the dynamics of the development of alloxan-induced experimental diabetes." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, no. 10 (2022): 389–400. https://doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.10.045.

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<strong>OLENOVYCH, Olha & ZUKOW, Walery. Osmotic concentration of urine in the dynamics of the development of alloxan-induced experimental diabetes</strong><strong>.</strong><strong> Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2022;12(10):</strong><strong>389</strong><strong>-</strong><strong>400</strong><strong>. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI</strong> <strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2022.12.10.0</strong><strong>45</strong> <strong>https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/4</strong><strong>2555</strong> <strong>https://zenodo.org/record/7632534</strong>          

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8

Gronwall, Ronald. "Effect of diuresis on urinary excretion and creatinine clearance in the horse." American Journal of Veterinary Research 46, no. 8 (1985): 1616–18. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1985.46.08.1616.

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SUMMARY Endogenous creatinine clearance and renal excretion of phenylbutazone, osmotically active material, and compounds contributing to the urinary refractive index were studied in 12 Thoroughbred mares after no treatment, after water administration, or after furosemide administration. Urine was quantitatively collected, using urinary bladder catheters. On average, urine flow of the mares was 9 μl/min/kg without treatment and increased to about 50 μl/min/kg after water administration and to about 70 μl/min/kg after furosemide administration. Water administration increased creatinine clearanc

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9

Zadorozhnyi, Volodymyr. "On the importance of nonionic osmotically active substances of the blood for the pathogenesis of severe alcoholic delirium." Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii, Volume 29, issue 3(108) (October 21, 2021): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36927/2079-0325-v29-is3-2021-7.

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The main non-ionic osmotically active substances in blood serum are glucose and urea. The aim of the study was to study the changes in the water-osmotic state caused by non-ionic (organic) substances in patients with delirium tremens (DT) and in a state of alcohol withdrawal, and to assess their influence on the blood leukocyte composition and the clinical manifestations of the disease. A total of 747 men were examined in a state of alcohol withdrawal; of these, 450 people had manifestations of severe DT (F10.43), 213 — “classic” DT (F10.4), 84 patients had signs of alcohol withdrawal with som

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Todrin, Oleksandr, Olena Timofeyeva, and Olga Gordiyenko. "Time-Dependent Features of Mass Transfer and Transmembrane Potential in Erythrocytes During Equilibration in Cryoprotective Solutions." Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine 33, no. 2 (2023): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/cryo33.02.103.

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On the basis of the developed physical and mathematical model of mass transfer, which takes into account the transmembrane transfer of non-electrolytes, basic ions and the associated changes in the transmembrane potential, the redistribution of osmotically active substances during equilibration of erythrocytes in cryoprotective solutions was investigated. Time parameters of changes in concentrations of osmotically active substances inside and outside cells, as well as transmembrane electric potential, were calculated. It is shown that during the exposure of human erythrocytes to 1M solutions o

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11

Gardner, K. D., R. H. Glew, A. P. Evan, J. A. McAteer, and J. Bernstein. "Why renal cysts grow." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 266, no. 3 (1994): F353—F359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1994.266.3.f353.

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The growth of renal cysts leads to morbidity, contributes to mortality, and is a lesson in applied physiology. The fact that chemical, electrical, osmotic, and hydrostatic driving forces determine cyst volumes is inferred from observations that cyst fluids vary in their concentrations of osmotically active substances. Most have concentrations of sodium-based salts that are lower and nonsodium-based salts that are higher than those present in normal plasma. Nonsodium solutes include osmolytes that normally are present in higher concentrations inside of cells, including potassium, amino acids, a

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Fenton, Robert A., Chung-Lin Chou, Holly Sowersby, Craig P. Smith, and Mark A. Knepper. "Gamble's “economy of water” revisited: studies in urea transporter knockout mice." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 291, no. 1 (2006): F148—F154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00348.2005.

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The Gamble phenomenon (initially described over 70 years ago as “an economy of water in renal function referable to urea”) suggested that urea plays a special role in the urinary concentrating mechanism and that the concentrating mechanism depends in some complex way on an interaction between NaCl and urea. In this study, the role of collecting duct urea transporters in the Gamble phenomenon was investigated in wild-type mice and mice in which the inner medulla collecting duct (IMCD) facilitative urea transporters, UT-A1 and UT-A3, had been deleted ( UT-A1/3−/− mice). The general features of t

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13

Sone, M., G. J. Albrecht, A. Dorge, K. Thurau, and F. X. Beck. "Osmotic adaptation of renal medullary cells during transition from chronic diuresis to antidiuresis." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 264, no. 4 (1993): F722—F729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1993.264.4.f722.

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The cells of the renal medulla adapt osmotically to high extracellular tonicities by high concentrations of organic osmolytes. Intracellular accumulation of these substances is, however, relatively slow. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of an abrupt rise in extracellular tonicity on intracellular osmotically active substances after prior reduction of medullary contents of organic osmolytes by chronic diuresis. Intra- and extracellular electrolyte concentrations at the papillary tip and the tissue contents of methylamines (glycerophosphorylcholine, betaine), polyols (myo-in

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14

Bogolepova, A. E., A. V. Kutina, A. S. Marina, et al. "Synthesis of new exenatide analogs and investigation of their influence on glycemia and renal function in rats." Problems of Endocrinology 57, no. 3 (2011): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl201157342-47.

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New analogs of exenatide with amino acid substitutions at 14, 35, and 39 have been synthesized. They were shown to be more stable than original exenatide in aqueous solutions. In vivo testing on rat models of glucose loading showed that exenatide and its novel analogs possess hypoglycemic activity and stimulate renal excretion of sodium and magnesium ions and osmotically free water but have virtually no effect on the elimination of potassium ions. Experiments with isolated skin and urinary bladder preparations from male frogs showed that exenatide and its analogs promote biosynthesis of physio

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15

ZADOROZHNY, Volodymyr, and Igor LINSKIY. "CLINICAL AND PATHOGENETIC PATTERNS OF THE OCCURRENCE OF SOMATIC DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH DELIRIUM TREMENS." Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii, Volume 30, issue 3 (112)-Ab (September 4, 2022): 98–104. https://doi.org/10.36927/2079-0325-v30-is3-2022-91.

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The aim of the study was to study in patients with delirium tremens (DT) changes in the content of non-ionic osmotically active substances in the blood serum, namely the total concentration of glucose and urea, depending on the presence and number of somatic complications. A total of 570 men with DT were included in the study. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 68 years. In 54 patients, a state of alcohol withdrawal with severe somatovegetative manifestations (diagnosis code F10.3 according to ICD-10) was stated, in 211 people — the presence of “classic” DT (F10.4), and in 305 patients

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Bankir, L., M. Ahloulay, N. Bouby, et al. "Is the process of urinary urea concentration responsible for a high glomerular filtration rate?" Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 4, no. 5 (1993): 1091–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v451091.

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For subjects on a normal diet, urea is the major urinary solute and is markedly concentrated in the urine compared with in the plasma. Because urea is not known to undergo active secretion, its excretion rests on filtration lessened to a variable extent by tubular reabsorption. It is well established that the efficiency of urea excretion drops with increasing urinary concentration and decreasing urinary flow rate (from approximately 60% of filtered load, above 2 mL/min, to approximately 20% below 0.5 mL/min) because the prolonged transit time in the distal nephron favors passive urea reabsorpt

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Babichev, Anatoliy Vasilyevich. "The role of endothelium in hemostasis mechanisms." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 4, no. 1 (2013): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped41122-127.

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Formation and excretion of thrombogenous and athrombogenous factors by endothelial cells is a constant physiological process taking place in all vessels. Endothelium is a huge endocrine gland which generates a wide spectrum of biologically active substances. Biologically active substances of endothelium are involved in many hemostasis mechanisms and regulation of local blood flow. BAS composition is determined by status of endothelial cells. In physiological state BAS of endothelium provide adequate local blood flow by synthesizing powerful anticoagulants, vasodilators and other biologically a

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Raymond, James A. "Freezing Resistance in Some Northern Populations of Pacific Herring, Clupea harengus pallasi." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46, no. 12 (1989): 2104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f89-260.

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Pacific herring, Clupea harengus pallasi, were collected at three locations in Alaska and Japan in winter and spring to determine their degree of freezing resistance. Herring collected from waters whose temperatures ranged between 4.7 and −1.4 °C showed serum freezing points between −1.22 and −1.40°C. All freezing points were below those expected from measurements of serum osmolality, indicating that a noncolligative antifreeze was present that added between 0.28 and 0.61° to the freezing point depression. In addition, osmotically active substances other than sodium chloride contributed to the

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Kulczyński, Bartosz, Joanna Suliburska, Anna Gramza-Michałowska, Andrzej Sidor, Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski, and Anna Brzozowska. "The Effect of Osmotic Dehydration Conditions on the Magnesium Content in Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)." Molecules 30, no. 14 (2025): 3051. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30143051.

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Osmotic dehydration is a process involving a two-way mass transfer, during which water and substances dissolved in it are removed from the product and, at the same time, substances dissolved in a hypertonic solution penetrate into the tissues. This process has a significant effect on, among other things, the nutritional and sensory parameters, as well as the texture and shelf life of the dehydrated product. This study analyzed the effect of osmotic dehydration of beet on magnesium content following the addition of various chemical forms of magnesium (magnesium oxide, magnesium citrate, magnesi

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Dinmukhamedova, A. S., Sh K. Yeleupayeva, and R. I. Aizman. "Some features of water-salt metabolism of kidneys of children and their effects on the urinary system." Bulletin of the Karaganda University “Biology medicine geography Series” 94, no. 2 (2019): 182–87. https://doi.org/10.31489/2019bmg2/182-187.

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In the review article the basic structures and peculiarities of water and salt metabolism of kidneys, the normal development of the growing organism, the impact of the environment and habitat as well as the effect of the physical and chemical composition of daily drinking water. Kidneys ensuring the release of up to 80 % of water-soluble products formed in the process of metabolism and exogenous substances, are involved in regulating the stability of the concentration of osmotically active substances (osmoregulation), the volume of body fluids (volumetric regulation), the concentration of indi

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Davis, L. E., A. R. Hohimer, and L. L. Woods. "Renal function during chronic anemia in the ovine fetus." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 266, no. 6 (1994): R1759—R1764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.6.r1759.

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Our purpose was to determine how prolonged anemia alters fetal renal function and acid-base balance. In seven ovine fetuses made progressively anemic over 1 wk by serial isovolemic hemorrhage, hematocrit was reduced from 33.3 +/- 4.5 to 14.0 +/- 1.0%. Femoral arterial oxygen content was less and renal plasma flow was greater in anemic fetuses (1.5 +/- 0.1 ml/dl and 339 +/- 58 ml.min-1.100 g kidney-1) than in 6 control fetuses (7.0 +/- 1.3 ml/dl and 160 +/- 34 ml.min-1.100 g kidney-1). Urine flow and sodium excretion were also greater in anemic fetuses (1.2 +/- 0.6 ml/min and 79 +/- 49.5 mumol/

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Martin, M., F. Miceli, J. A. Morgan, M. Scalet, and G. Zerbi. "Synthesis of Osmotically Active Substances in Winter Wheat Leaves as Related to Drought Resistance of Different Genotypes)." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 171, no. 3 (1993): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037x.1993.tb00129.x.

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Zhang, Hehe, Ruihan Xu, and Shasha Zheng. "Effects of Natural Substances on Lowering Uric Acid." Recent Progress in Nutrition 03, no. 03 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/rpn.2303019.

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Uric acid (UA) metabolism, which includes uric acid production controlled by purine metabolism and uric acid excretion controlled by the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys, is the primary way to maintain the concentration of uric acid in the body. Abnormal functionalizing of the metabolism may cause hyperuricemia, gout, kidney injury, and other diseases. Over the last decade, numerous studies have been conducted on the effect of natural products, including active ingredients of medicinal plants, natural compounds, plant and fungal extracts, traditional herbal formulations, microbial products,

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ZADOROZHNY, Volodymyr, Oleksiy MINKO, and Mykola YURCHENKO. "Significance of nonionic osmotically active substances in blood for the development of somatic disorders in patients with alcoholic delirium." Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii, Volume 30, issue 3 (112)-Ab (September 4, 2022): 61. https://doi.org/10.36927/2079-0325-v30-is3-2022-54.

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LINSKIY, Igor, and Volodymyr ZADOROZHNY. "CHANGES IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF HALLUCINATORY DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH DELIRIUM TREMENS." Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii, Volume 31, issue 2 (115) (June 3, 2023): 47–53. https://doi.org/10.36927/2079-0325-v31-is2-2023-6.

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The aim of the work was to study in patients with delirium tremens (DT) in the acute period of the disease during the manifestation of hallucinations of the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the clinical parameters of the CSF, the concentration of creatinine and urea in the CSF, as well as the content of non-ionic osmotically active substances in it. The study included 518 men in the acute period of DT. The age of the patients ranged from 20 to 75 years. The patients had both manifestations of “classic” DT (diagnosis code according to ICD-10 F10.4) and signs of different variants

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Roma, Marcelo G., Ismael R. Barosso, Gisel S. Miszczuk, Fernando A. Crocenzi, and Enrique J. Sánchez Pozzi. "Dynamic Localization of Hepatocellular Transporters: Role in Biliary Excretion and Impairment in Cholestasis." Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, no. 7 (2019): 1113–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666171205153204.

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Bile flow generation is driven by the vectorial transfer of osmotically active compounds from sinusoidal blood into a confined space, the bile canaliculus. Hence, localization of hepatocellular transporters relevant to bile formation is crucial for bile secretion. Hepatocellular transporters are localized either in the plasma membrane or in recycling endosomes, from where they can be relocated to the plasma membrane on demand, or endocytosed when the demand decreases. The balance between endocytic internalization/ exocytic targeting to/from this recycling compartment is therefore the main dete

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Magera, Lukáš, Alina-Dana Baxant, and Pavel Studený. "Topiramate-Induced Bilateral Angle-Closure Glaucoma. A Case Report." Czech and Slovak Ophthalmology 78, no. 3 (2022): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31348/2022/16.

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Introduction: Topamax (topiramate) is a drug used in the treatment of epilepsy or migraine. Its use may rarely be associated with the occurrence of secondary angle-closure glaucoma due to supraciliary effusion. Although the ocular finding resembles primary angle-closure glaucoma, bilateral infliction should always raise the suspicion that it is drug-induced glaucoma. Case report: The authors present a case of a 51-year-old patient on Topamax therapy with sudden vertigo, headache and blurred vision. Ophthalmic examination revealed bilateral angle-closure glaucoma, which was initially treated in

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Kim, Gheun-Ho. "Primary Role of the Kidney in Pathogenesis of Hypertension." Life 14, no. 1 (2024): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14010119.

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Previous transplantation studies and the concept of ‘nephron underdosing’ support the idea that the kidney plays a crucial role in the development of essential hypertension. This suggests that there are genetic factors in the kidney that can either elevate or decrease blood pressure. The kidney normally maintains arterial pressure within a narrow range by employing the mechanism of pressure-natriuresis. Hypertension is induced when the pressure-natriuresis mechanism fails due to both subtle and overt kidney abnormalities. The inheritance of hypertension is believed to be polygenic, and essenti

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Riegel, J. A. "Secretion of primary urine by glomeruli of the hagfish kidney." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 8 (1999): 947–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.8.947.

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Adrenaline and noradrenaline increased the perfusion pressure (Pperf) and single glomerulus filtration rate (SGFR) of perfused hagfish glomeruli. Small amounts (0.1 % or 0.5 %) of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in perfusion fluids containing Ficoll 70 did not diminish the loss of colloid from hagfish glomerular capillaries as has been reported for other perfused capillaries. However, replacement of Ficoll 70 with an osmotically equivalent amount (3 %) of BSA appreciably reduced colloid loss. It was concluded that adrenaline and colloids enhanced flow through the urine-forming capillaries. Whereas

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Palivoda, Y. M., V. M. Gaviy та O. B. Kuchmenko. "ФІЗІОЛОГО-БІОХІМІЧНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ ПРОРОСТКІВ ПШЕНИЦІ М’ЯКОЇ (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) ПРИ МОДЕЛЮВАННІ ВОДНОГО ДЕФІЦИТУ ЗА ДІЇ МЕТАБОЛІЧНО АКТИВНИХ СПОЛУК". Scientific Issue Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: Biology 81, № 3 (2022): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2078-2357.21.3.7.

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The article presents a comparative description of the effect of metabolically active substances and their compositions on individual physiological and biochemical parameters of soft wheat in drought conditions. The study involved the use of 7 options for seed treatment: control (untreated seeds + distilled water); vitamin E solution (10-8M) - E; ubiquinone-10 solution (10-8M) - Q; methionine solution (0.001%) - M; paraoxybenzoic acid solution (PОBA) (0.001%) - P; MgSO4 solution (0.001%) - Mg; compositions of substances: vitamin E (10-8M) + ubiquinone-10 (10-8M) - EQ; vitamin E (10-8M) + methio

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Hof, Marieke A. J., Hessel de Haan, Stepan Stepanovic, et al. "Pharmacometabolomics Study of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Real-World Metabolism and Urinary Excretion." Metabolites 15, no. 7 (2025): 473. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15070473.

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Background/Objectives: The increased use of antibiotics is raising concerns about environmental contamination and antibiotic resistance, exemplified by the case of cotrimoxazole, a widely prescribed combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim. After oral administration and absorption, both drugs are excreted in their parent and metabolized forms, which is a factor that is commonly considered in environmental studies. Many studies, however, rely on pharmacokinetic data from drug developers, who mostly investigate drug metabolism in healthy male volunteers rather than in actual patient popu

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Gullans, S. R., J. D. Blumenfeld, J. A. Balschi, et al. "Accumulation of major organic osmolytes in rat renal inner medulla in dehydration." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 255, no. 4 (1988): F626—F634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1988.255.4.f626.

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Osmotically active organic solutes, osmolytes, exist at high concentrations in the renal inner medulla; however, their modulation during antidiuresis remains largely undefined. Renal osmolyte levels were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and biochemical assays in perchloric acid extracts from normal and dehydrated (3 days) rats. Dehydration increased urine osmolality from 1,503 to 3,748 mosmol/kg and inner medullary urea content from 2,036 to 4,405 nmol/mg protein. In addition, inner medullary trimethylamines [glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) and betaine] and polyhydric alcohol

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Kitts, David D. "Bioactive substances in food: identification and potential uses." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72, no. 4 (1994): 423–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y94-062.

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Bioactive substances in foods can represent "extranutritional" constituents naturally present in small quantities in the food matrix, produced upon either in vivo or industrial enzymatic digestion, the latter being a result of food-processing activities. Bioactive constituents of food evoke physiological, behavioral, and immunological effects. Evidence from both epidemiological and animal studies has suggested chemopreventative roles for phytochemicals in certain forms of cancers and in the control of hyperlipidemia. Secondary products of plant metabolism can modulate xenobiotic metabolizing a

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Eckerbom, Per, Peter Hansell, Eleanor Cox, et al. "Circadian variation in renal blood flow and kidney function in healthy volunteers monitored with noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 319, no. 6 (2020): F966—F978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00311.2020.

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Circadian regulation of kidney function is involved in maintaining whole body homeostasis, and dysfunctional circadian rhythm can potentially be involved in disease development. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides reliable and reproducible repetitive estimates of kidney function noninvasively without the risk of adverse events associated with contrast agents and ionizing radiation. The purpose of this study was to estimate circadian variations in kidney function in healthy human subjects with MRI and to relate the findings to urinary excretions of electrolytes and markers of kidney funct

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35

Varynskyi, B. "Historical essay of the development of chromatography at the Zaporizhzhia State Medical University." Zurnal Hromatograficnogo tovaristva 21, no. 67 (2022): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/zht2021.67.056.

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The purpose of this work is to analyze the chronology and state of development of chromatographic methods at the Zaporizhzhia State Medical University (ZSMU). A historical overview of the use of chromatographic methods at ZSMU is provided. First of all, emphasis is placed on the introduction of high-performance liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. The main scientific laboratories and groups that worked and are working at the Zaporizhzhia State Medical University in the field of instrumental chromatography are shown. There were groups at the Department of Biological Chemistry, t

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Kireeva, K. V., N. M. Kostomakhin, T. V. Kureninova, and N. Yu Belyaeva. "Biochemical parameters of blood in cows when using feed additives." Glavnyj zootehnik (Head of Animal Breeding), no. 10 (September 15, 2023): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-03-2310-01.

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A change in the biochemical composition of blood is an indicator of the developing latent stages of body diseases caused by metabolic disorders, because blood is one of the body’s liquid media, through which organs, tissues and cells are replenished with substances necessary for vital activity (vitamins, macro- and microelements, etc.), as well as the excretion of metabolic products. The purpose of the research was to study the biochemical parameters of blood in cows depending on the use of the Cowfeed Dry series feed additive and the concentration of biologically active substances in their ra

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37

Adrogué, Horacio J., Ahmed A. Awan, and Nicolaos E. Madias. "Sodium Fate after Sodium Bicarbonate Infusion: Influence of Altered Acid-Base Status." American Journal of Nephrology 51, no. 3 (2020): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000506274.

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Background: We have previously investigated the fate of administered bicarbonate infused as a hypertonic solution in animals with each of the 4 chronic acid-base disorders. Those studies did not address the fate of sodium, the coadministered cation. Methods: We examined baseline total body water (TBW), Na+ space, HCO3– space, and urinary sodium and bicarbonate excretion after acute hypertonic NaHCO3 infusion (1-N solution, 5 mmol/kg body weight) in dogs with each of the 4 chronic acid-base disorders. Observations were made at 30, 60, and 90 min postinfusion. Retained sodium that remains osmoti

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Kristensen, L. O. "Associations between transports of alanine and cations across cell membrane in rat hepatocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 251, no. 5 (1986): G575—G584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1986.251.5.g575.

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Alanine transport across the liver cell membrane is a regulated key process in the amino acid metabolism of the body. The majority of alanine influx in hepatocytes is Na+ dependent and is stimulated by intracellular negativity. The molar ratio between cotransported Na+ and alanine is 1:1. Alanine efflux is stimulated by intracellular Na+, whereas the role of the membrane potential is unclear. The transmembrane Na+ electrochemical gradient seems to be the exclusive driving force for cellular alanine accumulation. At a physiological Na+ gradient, intracellular alanine can exceed the extracellula

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Nowak, J., M. Wennmalm, A. Edlund, A. Wennmalm, and G. A. Fitzgerald. "Vascular effects of infused adenosine are not mediated by prostacyclin release in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 252, no. 3 (1987): H598—H604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1987.252.3.h598.

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Adenosine may contribute to the regulation of tissue blood flow directly and via release of vasoactive substances. For example, in the isolated, perfused heart, the nucleoside has been reported to release prostacyclin, a potent vasodilator. In humans, minor variations in prostacyclin release into the circulation result in readily detectable changes in the urinary excretion of its metabolite, 2,3-dinor-6-ketoprostaglandin (PG) F1 alpha, as measured by negative ion-chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. To test the hypothesis that prostacyclin participates in or mediates the v

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Ubaskin, A. V., N. E. Tarasovskaya, K. I. Akhmetov, and A. I. Lunkov. "ON THE PROBLEM OF USING NATURAL BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES TO ACTIVATE ARTEMIA EGGS." REPORTS 5, no. 333 (2020): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-1483.112.

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. Currently branchiopod from the genus of Artemia Leach, 1819 became the common starting feed №1 for growing young aquatic organisms. However, there is often reduced hatching of nauplius from the collected eggs and artificial activation is required. As a result of empirical research, it was possible to experimentally detect the activating effect of excretion products – diluted adult urine. The research was carried out in several stages. It was found that the rate of germination growth for different populations ranges from 0, 2 to 0, 6% per day. In the first experiment, cysts with 24% of hatchi

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Zaychenko, Ganna, Viktoriia Kyslychenko, Viktoriia Protska, Andrii Fedosov, and Pavlo Simonov. "Prospects for the Application of Nephroprotectors of Plant Origin Based on Lespedeza bicolor." Сімейна Медицина. Європейські практики, no. 2 (May 31, 2024): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30841/2786-720x.2.2024.307535.

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Chronic kidney disease is a significant risk factor for the development of various non communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. Every year there is a tendency to increase the number of patients with urinary system diseases. Chronic kidney disease is a global medical and social problem that leads to early disability of the working population. Today, scientists are focusing considerable attention on the search for new drugs with hypo azotheamine activity, as it is important to slow down the progress of chronic kidney disease. Herbal medicines are promising for the prevention and

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42

Tian, Yu-mei, Hai-lang He, Ya-ting Cheng, Li Yi, Yuan Yang, and Peng Yang. "A Combined Phytochemical and Network Pharmacology Approach to Reveal the Effective Substances and Mechanism of Eomecon chionantha Hance for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis." Natural Product Communications 16, no. 2 (2021): 1934578X2199296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x21992966.

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Eomecon chionantha Hance (ECH), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been reported for the treatment of traumatic injuries and colitis. The current treatments for ulcerative colitis (UC) are unstable and have side effects, so ECH is potentially useful for treating this condition. However, the active ingredients and pharmacological mechanisms of ECH in treating UC remain unclear. In this study, 21 alkaloids were extracted and purified from the roots of ECH, among which 13 were extracted from this herb for the first time. Our results showed that 12 ingredients may have effective pharmacolo

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Osipova, Natalya Anatolyevna, Dariko Aleksandrovna Niauri, Alexander Mkrtichevich Gzgzyan, and Gyulnara Mykhmankulyevna Ziyatdinova. "Role of kidney function change in development of low urinary tract during pregnancy." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 64, no. 4 (2015): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd64462-68.

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Background. During pregnancy many women suffer from lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). The etiology and pathogenesis of urinary loss during pregnancy remain still unclear. Normal pregnancy is known to be associated with functional changes in various physiological systems. Changes of kidney function, on the one hand, are the part of physiological changes during pregnancy, on the other hand - can promote urinary incontinence. Purposes. The purpose of this study was to estimate the role of kidney function changes in development of LUTS during pregnancy. Materials and methods. A total of 270 wom

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Plyaskina, Irina Nikolaevna, Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Bondarevich, Natalia Nikolaevna Kotsyurzhinskaya, and Igor Anatolyevich Boriskin. "Adaptive mechanisms of xerophytic cereals seeds germination in Eastern Transbaikalia." Samara Journal of Science 7, no. 1 (2018): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201871118.

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The paper deals with the study of adaptation mechanisms of Eastern Transbaikalia wild cereals to environmental conditions at the initial ontogenesis stages. The authors have determined the germination of three species xerophytic cereals seeds ( Agropyron cristatum (L.) Beauv, Stipa krylovii Roshev, Tripogon chinensis (Franch.) Hack.). The authors have noted differences in rates of seed germination of these cereals depending on the relation to moisture deficiency. More mesophilic species ( A. cristatum ) had the highest rates of germination. A large contribution to the process of germination is

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45

Hughes, Maryanne R. "The effects of ureteral resistance on gull urine composition and flow rate." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 11 (1987): 2669–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-405.

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The effects of ureteral resistance on the ionic and osmotic composition of urine were examined in five anesthetized Glaucous-winged Gulls, Larus glaucescens, orally loaded with 0.075 M NaCl. One ureter was cut caudad to the kidney and the cloaca was opened to expose the contralateral ureteral papilla. The [Na] of urine leaving the kidney (renal urine) was less than plasma [Na] and positively correlated with flow rate. Renal urine [Cl] was less than plasma [Cl] at flow rates less than 50 μL min−1, but higher than plasma [Cl] at greater flow rates and was positively correlated with flow rate. Re

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46

LANG, FLORIAN, GILLIAN L. BUSCH, MARKUS RITTER, et al. "Functional Significance of Cell Volume Regulatory Mechanisms." Physiological Reviews 78, no. 1 (1998): 247–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1998.78.1.247.

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Lang, Florian, Gillian L. Busch, Markus Ritter, Harald Völkl, Siegfried Waldegger, Erich Gulbins, and Dieter Häussinger. Functional Significance of Cell Volume Regulatory Mechanisms. Physiol. Rev. 78: 247–306, 1998. — To survive, cells have to avoid excessive alterations of cell volume that jeopardize structural integrity and constancy of intracellular milieu. The function of cellular proteins seems specifically sensitive to dilution and concentration, determining the extent of macromolecular crowding. Even at constant extracellular osmolarity, volume constancy of any mammalian cell is permane

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47

Płonka-Czerw, Justyna Mirosława, Małgorzata Latocha, and Wiktoria Kozłowska. "Evaluation of active substances and drugs in vitro - cell models and selected assays." Farmacja Polska 79, no. 10 (2024): 579–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32383/farmpol/181131.

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Intensywne poszukiwania nowych leków, wymuszają opracowanie szybkich i wiarygodnych metod ich oceny. Metody te, już na etapie badań laboratoryjnych, mają pozwolić na pozyskanie jak najszerszej wiedzy na temat mechanizmów działania, wchłaniania, transportu leku, określenie jego stężenia terapeutycznego, czasu półtrwania czy metabolizmu, powinny też być powtarzalne i względnie tanie. Obecnie już niemal wszystkie procesy istotne w kontekście skuteczności planowanej terapii, mogą być oceniane w oparciu o hodowle tkankowe i komórkowe. Możliwe jest nie tylko utrzymanie przy życiu dowolnych komórek,

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48

Hao, Pengfei, Yiyi Xiong, Hezhen Wu, and Yanfang Yang. "Network Pharmacology Research and Preliminary Verification of Gegen Qinlian Decoction for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease." Natural Product Communications 15, no. 5 (2020): 1934578X2092002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x20920023.

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Gegen Qinlian decoction (GQD) is a traditional Chinese medicine that is used to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the clinic. The pharmacodynamics and cellular pathways governing the effects of GQD on NAFLD remain undefined. In this study, we investigated GQD pharmacology through assessment of its chemical constituents and evaluated and screened its components using drug likeness, pharmacokinetic characteristics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity), and appropriate compensation mechanisms. We performed predictions of the active GQD ingredients based

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Kim, Il-Sup, Cher-Won Hwang, Woong-Suk Yang, and Cheorl-Ho Kim. "Current Perspectives on the Physiological Activities of Fermented Soybean-Derived Cheonggukjang." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (2021): 5746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115746.

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Cheonggukjang (CGJ, fermented soybean paste), a traditional Korean fermented dish, has recently emerged as a functional food that improves blood circulation and intestinal regulation. Considering that excessive consumption of refined salt is associated with increased incidence of gastric cancer, high blood pressure, and stroke in Koreans, consuming CGJ may be desirable, as it can be made without salt, unlike other pastes. Soybeans in CGJ are fermented by Bacillus strains (B. subtilis or B. licheniformis), Lactobacillus spp., Leuconostoc spp., and Enterococcus faecium, which weaken the activity

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50

Zaychenko, Ganna, Viktoriia Kyslychenko, Viktoriia Protska, Andrii Fedosov, and Pavlo Simonov. "Prospects for the Application of Nephroprotectors of Plant Origin Based on Lespedeza bicolor." Family Medicine. European Practices, no. 2 (May 31, 2024): 55–61. https://doi.org/10.30841/2786-720X.2.2024.307535.

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Abstract:

Chronic kidney disease is a significant risk factor for the development of various non communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. Every year there is a tendency to increase the number of patients with urinary system diseases. Chronic kidney disease is a global medical and social problem that leads to early disability of the working population. Today, scientists are focusing considerable attention on the search for new drugs with hypo azotheamine activity, as it is important to slow down the progress of chronic kidney disease. Herbal medicines are promising for the prevention and

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