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OLIVEIRA, MARIA CLARA VELOSO DE. "NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35072@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O entendimento de que o desenvolvimento infantil acontece de maneira dinâmica entre fatores biológicos e ambientais sugere que essa fase constitui um período flexível, que pode ser aprimorado através de intervenções. Desta maneira, crianças em idade pré-escolar são simultaneamente vulneráveis às influências do meio e capazes de se beneficiar com intervenções precoces, apontando para a importância do estudo do desenvolvimento cognitivo nesta etapa da vida. Na literatura, as funções executivas são apresentadas como habilidades cognitivas flexíveis, necessárias para a adaptação do ser humano frente às novas situações, articuladas àquelas ações necessárias para alcançar determinado objetivo. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica referente aos estudos que investigam os estágios iniciais do desenvolvimento destas funções e, a partir disto, elaborar uma proposta para medir as funções executivas de crianças em idade pré-escolar, apontando os benefícios dessas investigações para a área do desenvolvimento infantil. A partir da revisão de literatura, verificou-se a necessidade de publicações nacionais visando à adaptação e validação de instrumentos de avaliação neuropsicológica direcionados às etapas iniciais do desenvolvimento no ciclo vital. O presente estudo apresenta uma ferramenta alternativa que sirva de instrumento para a investigação destas funções ainda na primeira infância.
The understanding that child development occurs through a dynamicinteraction between biological and environmental factors suggests that this phase is a flexible and amenable to improvements through interventions. In this context, pre-school children are simultaneously vulnerable to environmental influences and able to benefit from early interventions, pointing to the importance of understanding cognitive development at this stage of life. In the literature, executive functions are presented as flexible cognitive skills, necessary for the adaptation of the human being to the new situations, articulated to those actions necessary to reach a certain goal. Thus, the goal of this study was to carry out a bibliographic review of studies that investigate the initial stages executive function development and, from this, elaborate a proposal aiming to measure executive functions in pre-school children, pointing out the benefits of these studies in the area of child development. Results indicated the need for national publications aiming at the adaptation and validation of neuropsychological assessment instruments targeting the initial stages of human development.
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Balbontin-Posadas, Alejandro. "CETGI : an assessment tool for global concurrent engineering : executive summary." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4505/.
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Industrial globalisation and the increased complexity of products promote new product development (NPD) by distributed teams. These teams facilitate the transfer of designs to manufacturing facilities, the adaptation of products to local markets and the access to engineering design talents. However, there are many industrial experiences of under performing distributed teams, such as the development of the Ford Mondeo which ran a year late and cost £4 billion. This Engineering Doctorate project CETGI (Concurrent Engineering and Teamwork across Global Industries) aimed to investigate and advise companies on the enabling practices of global concurrent engineering (GCE). An assessment tool for GCE was developed, embedding its enabling practices in a knowledge base and providing structured advice to manufacturing companies of electro-mechanical products. Preliminary investigation was conducted towards the development of the CETGI tool: literature review on GCE; a benchmark study of nine current concurrent engineering assessment tools; a comparative analysis of NPD practices in the UK and the USA; a survey of NPD practices of global companies developing products in the UK; and thirteen case studies of GCE projects. The CETGI tool was then developed, consisting of an assessment process involving multifunctional teams and executives. CETGI is different to previous tools because of its knowledge base of GCE practices and its three analytical algorithms: the first, aggregates the individual answers; the second, provides a customised list of prioritised actions; and the third, generates maturity charts, providing a performance perspective and supporting benchmarking. Another novel feature of CETGI is the Internet enabled software application that supports its assessment process. The latter software is a multi-participant decision-making support system. The CETGI tool has been applied to three first tier supplier companies, two from the automotive industry and one from the transport industry aimed at fine-tuning and validating the tool. The work focused on evaluating the reliability of the questionnaire (constructed on the knowledge base) and establishing the validity and the industrial usefulness of the CETGI tool. On average, the NPD executives considered 90% of the suggested actions appropriate, selected 70% of the actions for implementation and implemented 51% of the selected actions (based on a post-assessment review at one company). The actions were estimated to reduce time-to-market and product-unit costs by the NPD executives and they rated CETGI highest in terms of promoting global product development, followed by providing an overall picture of the current product development process. Further research opportunities have been identified such as using the CETGI tool to assess other business areas apart from GCE. This would require investigating best practices in these areas and embedding the results in specific knowledge bases. The assessment method, the structure of the knowledge base and the analytical algorithms would remain the same.
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Chaytor, Naomi S. "Improving the ecologicical [i.e. ecological] validity of executive functioning assessment." Online access for everyone, 2004. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Summer2004/n%5Fchaytor%5F070604.pdf.
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McKenzie, Robin. "From lean supply and relationships to SME assessment : executive summary." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4176/.
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This Executive Summary is a summary of the author's Engineering Doctorate research and the application of that research. The Executive Summary has sufficient detail and description to be read independently from the other pieces of research, called submissions, to which this refers. In outline, the three areas of research arose from the three research programmes with which the author was closely involved. The first area of research involved the identification of critical success factors within customer-supplier relationships in the automotive industry. An extensive literature review was performed using Lamming's Lean Supply Model (1993) as a starting point. A number of gaps in the body of knowledge were identified and were grouped into five areas for the purpose of further research. One area was subsequently addressed as part of the second area of research. The second area of research was aimed at assisting small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in their use of the internet to improve their performance. A means of assessing the effectiveness of the operations of the SMEs was a critical part of this programme. A new tool called the SME (Operations) Assessment Tool, (SOAT) was developed because it focused on key business processes as the basis for assessment instead of the more traditional financial analysis. Having developed SOAT within the specific research programme, it was applied to three SMEs as a test of the methodology as a more general tool. Feedback from the three SMEs and those within the research programme showed that SOAT was straightforward to apply. The third area of research allowed the author to develop his interest in customer supplier relationships, as this was seen to be the main focus of concern within companies within the programme. A Memorandum of Understanding and Intent (MUI) was developed and justified, but was in the process of being applied by other researchers.
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Carim, Daniela de Bustamante [UNIFESP]. "Tradução e adaptação transcultural para o português do instrumento “Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function”." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/10120.
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Previous issue date: 2010-05-26O “Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function” (BRIEF) é um instrumento de avaliação das funções executivas refletindo aspectos da vida diária de crianças e adolescentes entre 5 e 18 anos de idade. Consta de três versões, ou seja, a escala para pais, professores e versão pessoal. O objetivo do presente estudo foi traduzir e adaptar, para o português do Brasil, o BRIEF, assim como analisar as propriedades psicométricas iniciais. O processo de tradução e adaptação seguiu os passos recomendados na literatura e amplamente preconizados pelo International Test Commission (ITC). Para análise da adequação da adaptação, assim como das propriedades psicométricas, foram realizados dois estudos pilotos, sendo que a versão final foi administrada numa amostra constituída por 277 pais, sendo 59,6% do sexo feminino, 282 professores, sendo 57,4% feminino, 112 pessoal, sendo 63,4% feminino. Os valores dos Alfas de Cronbach, avaliando consistência interna para os principais índices do questionário dos pais oscilaram entre 0,901 e 0,945, do questionário dos professores oscilaram entre 0,915 e 0,959 e, os do questionário pessoal oscilaram entre 0,924 e 0,957, indicando adequados coeficientes de fidedignidade do teste. A análise fatorial de componente principal extraiu dois fatores (Fator 1 Metacognição; Fator 2 Regulação do Comportamento). No questionário dos pais, os dois fatores foram correlatos (r=0,56). No questionário dos professores, a correlação foi 0,400, e no questionário pessoal, a correlação foi 0,70. Os valores encontrados na versão brasileira se assemelham ao relatados na versão original, indicando boa consistência interna do instrumento nas 3 versões.
Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) is an instrument that assesses executive functions, reflecting daily life aspects of children and teenagers aged between 5 and 18 years old. It has three versions, that is, the parenting scale, the teachers’ scale and a personal version. The purpose of this study was to translate and to adapt, into Brazilian Portuguese, BRIEF, as well as to analyze the initial psychometric properties. The translation and adaptation process followed the steps recommended in literature and widely endorsed by International Test Commission (ITC). To analyze the adaptation’s adequacy, as well as the psychometric properties, two pilot studies were carried out, and the final version was administered to a sample comprised of 277 parents, being 59.6% female, 282 teachers, being 57.4% female, 112 personal, being 63.4% female. The Cronbach’s Alpha values, assessing internal consistency for the main items of the parents’ questionnaire ranged from 0.901 to 0.945, the ones concerning the teachers’ questionnaire ranged from 0.915 to 0.959 and those concerning the personal questionnaire ranged from 0.924 and 0.957, showing proper coefficients of test’s trustworthiness. The factorial analysis of main component extracted two factors (Factor 1: Metacognition; Factor 2: Behavior Regulation). In the parents’ questionnaire, both factors were correlated (r=0.56). In the teachers’ questionnaire, correlation was 0.400, and in the personal questionnaire correlation was 0.70. The values found in the Brazilian version are similar to those reported in the original version, showing good internal consistency of the instrument in the three versions.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
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Eneva, Kalina. "ASSESSMENT OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING IN BINGE EATING DISORDER INDEPENDENT OF WEIGHT STATUS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/523794.
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PsychologyPh.D.
Executive functioning (EF) problems may serve as vulnerability or maintenance factors for Binge-Eating Disorder (BED). However, it is unclear if EF problems observed in BED are related to overweight status or BED status. The current study extends this literature by examining EF in overweight-BED (n=32), normal-weight BED (n=23), overweight healthy controls (n=48), and normal-weight healthy controls (n=48). Participants were administered an EF battery which utilized tests from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) toolkit and Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS). After controlling for years of education and minority status, overweight individuals with and without BED performed more poorly than normal-weight individuals with and without BED on a task of cognitive flexibility (p < 0.01) requiring generativity and speed and on psychomotor performance tasks (p < 0.01). Normal-weight and overweight BED performed worse on working memory tasks compared to normal-weight healthy controls (p = 0.04). Unexpectedly, normal-weight BED individuals out-performed all other groups on an inhibitory control task (ps < 0.01). No significant differences were found between the four groups on tasks of planning. Our findings support a link between poorer working memory performance and BED status. Additionally, overweight status is associated with poorer psychomotor performance and cognitive inflexibility. Replication of the finding that normal-weight BED is associated with enhanced inhibitory control is needed.
Temple University--Theses
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Sousa, Silvia Godoy de. "Avaliação de funções executivas e não-executivas em adolescentes e sua relação com a inteligência." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2012. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1765.
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Previous issue date: 2012-08-09Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
Executive functions refer to the individual capacity of engage in objective oriented behaviors, that is, to carry out autonomous and auto-organized actions, oriented for specific goals. Abilities related to the executive functions overlap the psychological concept of intelligent behavior; however, some studies have revealed inconsistency in the relation between those functions and intelligence. Based on this, the proposed study investigated the relation between executive and non-executive functions with intelligence. Specifically, this study analyzed the difference between groups with medium, higher and much higher intelligence concerning the executive and non-executive functions; possible gender effects over performance in executive, non-executive functions and intelligence; the relation among executive functions, non-executive functions and intelligence; and if the relation between intelligence and executive functions is more evident than the relation between intelligence and non-executive functions as the intelligence level increases. The participants were 120 students, boys and girls at age 15 and 16, attending High School in one public and three private schools in the state of São Paulo. They were divided in three groups which are medium, higher, and much higher intelligence. The material utilized were Raven Progressives Matrices General Scale, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III), Computerized Stroop Test, FAS Verbal Fluency Test, Trail Making Test part B, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Pseudowords and Words Repetition Test and Rey Complex Figure Test. Variance and Tukey posthoc analyses revealed significant differences in performance among the groups in the measure of verbal IQ and execution IQ in the WISC-III, verbal fluency, cognitive flexibility, vocabulary and visospatial processing. Student s t-Test evidenced that the girls performance were superior comparing to the boys on the Vocabulary sub-test from WISC-III, while the boys showed superior performance in the Information and Cubes sub-tests from WISC-III and in the selective attention measure evaluated by Stroop comparing to the girls. Pearson s Correlation Analysis evidenced correlations among intelligence, executive and non-executive functions most of them in a low to moderate level confirming literature regarding the executive functions multidimensionality and to the need of differenciating such construct regarding intelligence. There were no evidences that the relation between tests of intelligence and executive functions increases according to the intelligence level. So, this investigation tried to support the comprehension of the relation among executive, non-executive functions and intelligence.
As funções executivas referem-se, de forma geral, à capacidade do sujeito de engajar-se em comportamentos orientados a objetivos, ou seja, à realização de ações voluntárias, independentes, autônomas, auto-organizadas e orientadas para metas específicas. Habilidades relacionadas às funções executivas sobrepõem-se ao conceito psicológico de comportamento inteligente, porém alguns estudos têm revelado inconsistências na relação entre tais funções e inteligência. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo investigou a relação das funções executivas e não-executivas com a inteligência. Especificamente, foram analisadas as diferenças entre grupos com inteligência média, inteligência superior e inteligência muito superior nas funções executivas e não-executivas; possíveis efeitos de gênero sobre o desempenho em funções executivas, não-executivas e inteligência; a relação entre funções executivas, não-executivas e inteligência; e se a relação entre inteligência e funções executivas é mais evidente do que entre inteligência e funções não-executivas conforme aumenta o nível de inteligência. Participaram 120 adolescentes de 15 e 16 anos, alunos do Ensino Médio, de ambos os sexos, de uma escola pública e três particulares do Estado de São Paulo, divididos em três grupos, quais sejam, inteligência média, inteligência superior e inteligência muito superior. O material utilizado para a coleta de dados se constituiu das Matrizes Progressivas de Raven Escala Geral, da Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Crianças (WISC-III), do Teste de Stroop Computadorizado, do Teste de Fluência Verbal, do Teste de Trilhas B, do Teste de Vocabulário por Imagens Peabody, do Teste de Repetição de Palavras e Pseudopalavras e do Teste Figuras Complexas de Rey. Análises de Variância e de comparação de pares de Tukey revelaram diferenças significativas de desempenho entre os grupos nas medidas de QI verbal e de execução do WISC-III, fluência verbal, flexibilidade cognitiva, vocabulário e processamento visoespacial. Test t de Student evidenciou que o desempenho das meninas foi superior em relação ao desempenho dos meninos no subteste Vocabulário do WISC-III, enquanto os meninos apresentaram desempenho superior nos subtestes Informação e Cubos do WISC-III e na medida atenção seletiva avaliada pelo Stroop quando comparados com as meninas. Análises de Correlação de Pearson evidenciaram correlações entre os testes de inteligência, funções executivas e funções não-executivas, a maioria delas de baixas a moderadas, corroborando a literatura no que tange à multidimensionalidade das funções executivas e à necessidade de diferenciar tal construto em relação à inteligência. Não houve evidências de que a relação entre inteligência e funções executivas aumenta em função do nível de inteligência. Desta forma, essa investigação tentou auxiliar na compreensão da relação entre funções executivas, não-executivas e inteligência.
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Riggs, Ian. "Supplier selection using performance self assessment reporting in the automotive industry : executive summary." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2004. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4068/.
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The automotive industry has adopted the use of third party quality management certification as the main quality approval mechanism for its supply base. In addition, most organisations have a system of supplier monitoring to measure their existing supplier's performance and this approach makes it difficult for suppliers to gain new business because their quality capability is unknown to the customer. Two case studies were conducted to determine whether or not suppliers certified to one of the automotive quality management standards had improved quality performance compared to those with the generic ISO 9001/2 standard. The research concluded that the additional certification requirements and increased costs associated with the automotive standards resulted in no quality benefit. Furthermore, a third case study using second party quality assessment results demonstrated that there was no correlation between these audit results and achieved quality performance. Therefore the research set out to answer the question : How can the current supplier selection practices used within the automotive industry be improved to ensure effective decision-making? The Supplier Performance Evaluation Datasheet (SPED) process was developed from a synthesis of current practice and input from industry experts. It incorporates adaptations of best practices in non-quality assessment methods. Three key elements of the SPED process are: - Performance reporting - Minimum performance standards - Stakeholder engagement The proposed process was evaluated through two case studies at Cosworth Technology Ltd and from an expert opinion survey of industry experts in the field of supplier management. The conclusion of this study was that the SPED process would enable customers to select new suppliers with high levels of confidence. It would add value to all organisations taking part and it is easy to implement. Ian
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Brookman, Jeffrey Thomas. "An empirical assessment of the risk incentive provided by executive stock option portfolios /." view abstract or download file of text, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3024508.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2001.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-92). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3024508.
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Kuo, Kai Ning. "Web-based database-enabled executive information system for preliminary site assessment under CERCLA." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44494.
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Esplin, Jacob A. "Comparing the Predictive Power of Executive Function Assessment Strategies on Preschool Mathematics Performance." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7283.
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A child’s executive function (aspects: working memory, response inhibition, and set-shifting between sets of rules) capabilities have been found to strongly relate to their mathematics skills. However, while the relationship has been strongly supported by researchers, a consensus has not been reached regarding the specifics of the relationship between executive function and math skills, including which executive function aspect is most predictive of mathematical performance and the differences in said relationship that might be found when examining both numeracy, such as counting skills and basic operations, and geometry skills. The lack of consensus may be in part because researchers have assessed both executive function and mathematics in a variety of ways. To address the consensus issue, this study used a panel of face-to-face measures of executive function, a paper-and-pencil measure of executive function, and a broader measure of mathematical performance than has typically been used, one including numeracy and geometry. Using a longitudinal approach, with two assessment periods about six months apart (M = 5.61 mos., SD = 1.12), this study examined this relationship among 118 children (61 girls), ages 39 to 68 months (M = 52.58, SD = 6.35), living in both rural (n = 64) and urban (n = 54) areas in a state in the western United States. A longitudinal approach allowed for comparisons between results from the two assessment periods. Results suggest that while numeracy and geometry skill among preschool-age children are connected, there are some independent elements. Additionally, because of rapid cognitive growth, age is an important factor when selecting both assessments and analytic strategies, as statistically significant variations in the predictive power of measures and strategies occurred between assessment periods. Connections between younger children’s executive function and numeracy skills appeared to be best assessed through a non-number-based measure, older children’s numeracy ability can be predicted by a greater variety of executive function measures. Face-to-face executive function measures included in this study were more predictive of numeracy skill than geometry skill, and geometry skill appears to be connected to inhibitory control. Differences between rural and urban children were found on numeracy skill and working memory ability, but not on geometry skill. Statistically significant differences by gender were found on an inhibitory control measure, with boys scoring higher than girls in our sample.
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Poulin, Valérie. "Executive function assessment and intervention post-stroke: building and translating the evidence into practice." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123189.
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Deficits in executive functions (EF), such as planning, problem-solving and inhibition affect up to 75% of individuals with stroke and may compromise their ability to successfully return to community living and to work. Detection and effective treatment of these disorders is thus critical. Studies over the past decade have provided evidence of substantial gaps in our knowledge on how to effectively manage EF impairment post-stroke (Bayley et al., 2007; Canadian Stroke Network, 2008; Korner-Bitensky, Barrett-Bernstein, Bibas, & Poulin, 2011). To address these gaps there has been growing attention and research into the management of EF impairment post-stroke. The studies conducted as part of this thesis were designed to address some of these gaps specific to EF assessment and intervention research, and to promote increased use of evidence-based practices for the management of executive dysfunction post-stroke. The first manuscript provided a critical review of 17 performance-based EF tools that can be used across the continuum of stroke care to evaluate the daily consequences of executive dysfunction. The next step was to conduct a systematic review to identify and critically appraise the evidence for the use of specific EF interventions post-stroke. The systematic review of EF interventions described in the second manuscript identified different treatment approaches that were showing promise in helping persons with stroke to cope with EF deficits. The preliminary evidence on specific EF skill retraining suggested that structured, individualized and intense computerized EF training could improve targeted EF impairments (Stablum, Umilta, Mogentale, Carlan, & Guerrini, 2000; Westerberg et al., 2007). The evidence from studies on cognitive strategy training also supported the use of explicit strategies applied to ecologically relevant problems to improve some EF impairments (e.g., planning and problem-solving) and, possibly, real-world activities (Man, Soong, Tam, & Hui-Chan, 2006; Schweizer et al., 2008). However, further research was required to compare the impact of these different intervention approaches on a variety of outcomes. Accordingly, a pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of two promising interventions, a strategy-training approach – the Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) approach which is based on the use of meta-cognitive problem-solving strategies to achieve self-selected functional goals – and a computer-based EF training program (see Manuscript 3). Our findings provide preliminary evidence supporting the feasibility and efficacy of using both CO-OP and Computerized EF training for select patients with executive dysfunction post-stroke. EF impairments and participation in everyday life were differentially impacted by the interventions.Finally, another important goal of my doctoral work was to enhance knowledge translation in the area of EF. As explained in the fourth manuscript, the thesis led to the creation of a series of web-based interactive learning modules on EF assessment and intervention, as well as user-friendly pocket cards designed to summarize EF rehabilitation best-practices for clinicians. These e-learning modules address the need to enhance expertise in the management of EF disorders post-stroke.Les déficits des fonctions exécutives (FE) comme la planification, la résolution de problèmes et l'inhibition touchent jusqu'à 75% des personnes ayant subi un accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) et perturbent la réalisation des activités quotidiennes et rôles sociaux, pouvant ainsi compromettre le retour à domicile ou au travail. La détection et la prise en charge de ces déficits est donc primordiale. Plusieurs études réalisées au cours des dix dernières années ont toutefois indiqué des lacunes importantes dans les connaissances reliées à la prise en charge de la dysfonction exécutive post-AVC (Bayley et al., 2007; Canadian Stroke Network, 2008; Korner-Bitensky et al., 2011), ce qui a mené à des efforts accrus en recherche afin de combler les lacunes dans ce domaine. Les études menées dans le cadre de cette thèse visaient à contribuer aux connaissances sur l'évaluation et le traitement des personnes ayant des déficits des FE, ainsi qu'à promouvoir une utilisation accrue de pratiques fondées sur les données probantes dans la prise en charge de la dysfonction exécutive post-AVC.Le premier manuscrit présente une revue critique de 17 évaluations des FE basées sur la performance de tâches fonctionnelles qui peuvent être utilisées au cours du continuum de soins post-AVC afin d'évaluer les conséquences de la dysfonction exécutive dans le quotidien. L'étape suivante a consisté à réaliser une revue systématique afin d'identifier et d'apprécier le niveau d'évidences supportant l'utilisation d'interventions pour améliorer les FE après un AVC. La revue systématique décrite dans le deuxième manuscrit a permis d'identifier différentes approches de traitement prometteuses pour la prise en charge de la dysfonction exécutive post-AVC. Des évidences limitées mais encourageantes suggèrent que l'utilisation d'un entraînement intensif, structuré et individualisé des FE à l'ordinateur peut améliorer les FE ciblées (Stablum et al., 2000; Westerberg et al., 2007). D'autres approches basées sur des stratégies cognitives suggèrent que l'utilisation de stratégies explicites appliquées à des situations concrètes de la vie quotidienne peuvent améliorer certains déficits des FE (ex.: résolution de problèmes et planification) et, possiblement, la réalisation des activités quotidiennes (Man et al, 2006; Schweizer et al., 2008). Cependant, des recherches additionnelles demeuraient nécessaires afin de comparer l'impact respectif de ces approches d'intervention sur différentes mesures de résultats.Un essai clinique randomisé pilote a donc été réalisé afin de déterminer la faisabilité et l'efficacité préliminaire de deux interventions prometteuses, l'une reposant sur l'utilisation de stratégies cognitives – l'approche Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) dans laquelle la personne apprend à utiliser des stratégies de résolution de problèmes pour atteindre ses propres buts en termes d'activités fonctionnelles – et l'autre consistant en un programme d'entraînement des FE à l'ordinateur. Les résultats obtenus fournissent des évidences préliminaires appuyant la faisabilité et l'efficacité de chaque intervention auprès de certains groupes de patients ayant une atteinte des FE. Des améliorations spécifiques à chaque intervention ont été notées dans les déficits des FE ainsi que la participation dans les activités quotidiennes. Finalement, un autre objectif important était de favoriser le transfert des connaissances dans le domaine des FE. Tel qu'expliqué dans le quatrième manuscrit, mon travail de thèse a mené à la création d'une séries de modules d'apprentissage en ligne sur l'évaluation et le traitement des FE, ainsi que de cartes en format de poche résumant les meilleures pratiques cliniques auprès des personnes ayant une atteinte de FE post-AVC. Ces modules et outils d'apprentissage en ligne ont été créés en réponse au besoin d'accroître l'expertise des cliniciens dans la prise en charge de la dysfonction exécutive post-AVC.
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Byham, Tacy M. "Factors Affecting the Acceptance and Application of Developmental Feedback from an Executive Assessment Program." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1133214086.
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Le, Roux Emezia. "The validity of the assessment centre in predicting managerial performance of business development managers." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03172005-110824.
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Ord, Jonathan. "Executive Dysfunction following Traumatic Brain Injury and Factors Related to Impairment." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2007. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/626.
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Deficits in executive function are commonly reported following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and are important for establishing functional impairments. Understanding the nature of executive dysfunction following TBI is often complicated by secondary factors that can impact measured ability. This study sought to clarify the persistent effects of TBI on executive function, as measured by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), while accounting for effort given during testing, as measured by the Portland Digit Recognition Test. Results suggested a dose-response relationship between TBI severity and subsequent WCST deficits. Mild TBI patients who provided good effort during testing showed no observable differences from locally matched controls on WCST performance. Effort during testing was found to have a larger overall effect on WCST performance than moderate-to-severe TBI or dementia. The present study highlights the need to account for secondary factors, such as effort during testing, to accurately measure cognitive dysfunction following compensable injuries.
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Nelson, Jodie Elizabeth. "Executive stock option disclosures by Australian listed companies: an assessment of their nature, extent and association with governance characteristics." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16557/.
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This thesis investigates statutory executive stock option (ESO) disclosures by Australian listed companies, and their nature, extent and association with governance characteristics. The study is motivated by the limited prior Australian studies that find evidence of low levels of compliance with ESO disclosures (Nelson and Percy, 2005), and by the changes in Australia's regulatory environment over the financial years 2001 to 2004. Arising from these motivations, three research questions are addressed: 1) what is the nature and extent of compliance with ESO disclosures in annual reports and does it change over time?, 2) how does corporate governance influence compliance with ESO disclosures?, and 3) what other factors influence compliance with ESO disclosures? Based on prior research and an application of agency theory, the research questions are addressed by systematically evaluating ESO disclosure compliance, and by modelling and testing the governance and other factors associated with companies' disclosure practices over the 2001 to 2004 study period. Within the agency framework, it is argued that effective governance mechanisms mitigate agency costs by decreasing information asymmetry through increased disclosure. Hence it is predicted that internal governance mechanisms, including the effectiveness of the board of directors, the effectiveness of the audit committee, the existence of a compensation committee, and management incentives are associated with the level of compliance with ESO disclosures. In addition, external governance mechanisms are predicted to influence compliance with ESO disclosures. Specifically, it is predicted that firms responded positively to the increased media and regulatory scrutiny on financial reporting practices as a result of major corporate collapses in Australia and the United States. Furthermore, it is predicted that regulatory intervention, in the form of new and comprehensive ESO disclosure requirements, as well as the authoritative guidance on valuing options and active enforcement efforts by ASIC, have contributed to increased levels of compliance. Using a combination of univariate and multivariate procedures, compliance and governance characteristics are tested over the financial years 2001 to 2004, to capture the changes in compliance over time and to examine the hypothesised relationships. The results of this thesis indicate that Australian companies do not fully comply with ESO disclosure requirements. Nevertheless, the results show that overall compliance has increased progressively from 2001 to 2004, suggesting that the increased scrutiny of companies' financial reporting practices following major corporate collapses has motivated companies to increase compliance. Notably, compliance has increased after the introduction of new and more comprehensive disclosure requirements for ESOs, as well as increased authoritative guidance and enforcement efforts by ASIC. However, despite the overall evidence of improvement in compliance levels, the results continue to reveal management's reluctance to disclose ESO information that may be considered sensitive (for example, price and value-related information). The multivariate results indicate that firms with a larger board of directors and a larger audit committee are more likely to encourage greater levels of compliance with ESO disclosures. However, a larger board of directors appears to take a holistic approach to monitoring company activities by encouraging higher overall compliance rather than focusing on specific, sensitive disclosures. Where a less independent Chairperson is present, the firm is more likely to disclose more sensitive information only, indicating a substitution effect whereby firms mitigate the agency problems associated with this lack of independence by increasing sensitive disclosures. Also, where the Chief Executive Officer's remuneration is relatively larger, companies are less forthcoming about ESO information. With respect to the influence of external corporate governance, the findings indicate that companies identified as poor performers by the Australian Shareholders' Association (a measure of external governance) exhibit lower levels of overall compliance, but not compliance with sensitive disclosures. This latter finding suggests that poorly performing firms provide similar levels of sensitive and important information as other firms, possibly to direct attention away from the low performance of the company. Consistent with prior disclosure research, other factors associated with compliance include leverage, where firms that are more highly leveraged disclose more sensitive information in an effort to become more transparent to creditors, thus reducing their monitoring costs. The use of a Big 4 auditor (a proxy for auditor quality) is associated with overall compliance, which indicates that external auditors primarily ensure that the financial report as a whole is compliant with the regulations, rather than identifying sensitive disclosures in detail, particularly where these disclosures may not have a material effect. Lastly, performance (as measured by profit or lossmaking status) is negatively associated with compliance. By investigating in detail the nature and extent of compliance with ESO disclosures over time and its relation to governance characteristics, the findings of this study demonstrate that while companies appear to lack full compliance with ESO disclosures, compliance has increased over time with active regulatory enforcement and assistance and comprehensive disclosure requirements. Of particular interest, is that the nature of compliance illustrates the very low levels of compliance with important, but sensitive, components of the required ESO disclosures. Importantly, the adoption of stronger governance structures appears to enhance compliance with ESO disclosures, including sensitive disclosures. Therefore, the findings of this study have important implications for corporate regulators, standard setters, financial statement preparers, shareholders and other users of financial reports with an interest in ESOs.
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Carlew, Anne R. "The Virtual Classroom As a Tool for the Assessment of Automatic and Controlled Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorders." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804860/.
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Assessment of executive functioning in neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., autism) is a crucial aspect of neuropsychological evaluations. The executive functions are accomplished by the supervisory attentional system (SAS) and include such processes as inhibition, switching, and planning. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) tends to present similarly to other neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., ADHD). For example, ASD and ADHD may share similar etiological underpinnings in the frontostriatal system of the frontal lobe. Research on executive functioning in ASD has been mixed, thus the precise nature of executive functioning deficits in ASD remains equivocal. In recent years, simulation technologies have emerged as an avenue to assess neurocognitive functioning in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders impacting frontostriatal function. Simulation technology enables neuropsychologists to assess neurocognitive functioning within a testing environment that replicates environments in which the subject is likely to be in everyday life, as well as present controlled, real-world distractions, which may be better able to tap “hot” executive functions. A Virtual Classroom Continuous Performance Test (CPT) has been used successfully to assess attention in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders impacting frontostriatal function. The current study aimed to investigate executive functioning in individuals with high functioning ASD using a new construct driven Stroop assessment embedded into the Virtual Classroom. Group differences were found in the Virtual Classroom with distractions condition, indicating individuals with ASD may be more vulnerable to external interference control than neurotypical individuals.
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Mitchell, Debora R. D. "The effects of assessment center feedback on employee development." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29848.
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Ainscough, Matthew. "Integration of self assessment with a change management process for deploying concurrent engineering : executive summary." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36416/.
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The main research theme of this engineering doctorate was as follows: 'How can UK industry effectively leverage concurrent engineering practices within the organisation?' To address this problem, a review of implementation tools was undertaken, where a number of 'do it yourself' methodologies were identified within the literature for implementing Concurrent Engineering (CE). These were 'change management workbooks' and 'self-assessment tools'. Change management workbooks provide a means for managing an implementation program, and self-assessment measures and benchmarks the deployment of practices and identifying areas for improvement. However, both were found to operate independently from one another. Therefore, it has been proposed that the deployment of CE practice can be further enhanced through an integrated approach. This approach combines both disciplines, because as a system it could measure the deployment of practices, identify future improvements, and enable an organisation to manage the transition to better CE. To solve this problem a self-assessment tool, which encapsulated practice from the automobile, power generation, aerospace, pneumatics and mechatronics industry sectors was developed. The tool consisted of both a practice and performance dimension to ensure that practices deployed impacted the bottom line. The selfassessment tool allows for a company to assess its current state, and decide where it wants to go. Furthermore, a change management process was developed, which integrated with the self-assessment tool, and a series of additional tools developed specifically for the task such as the generic planning tool, a decision tool for deciding an implementation strategy, and additional tools, which have been selected from the literature. The application of the system at an UK based organisation demonstrated that a self-assessment tool integrated with a change management process can assist a facilitator to direct a change program toward implementing CE practice. Furthermore, the preliminary results of this application illustrate that the practices deployed as a result of the system were impacting key project performance measures.
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Richter, Jennifer Leslie. "The relationship between biographical information and managerial potential as assessed on a sales management assessment centre." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17174.
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Bibliography: pages 42-44.Research designed to add to the body of knowledge facilitating the effective management of the human resource in industry has become critical in South Africa at a time when the country is experiencing a shortage of skilled manpower. Assessment centres have long been in use in South Africa as a means of assessing managerial potential. Notwithstanding reports of their predictive validity the process is costly and research pertaining to how managerial potential could be identified at an early stage by less costly means is thus potentially valuable. One such means is biodata, or biographical information, upon which basis the selection of staff has traditionally occurred, in line with the truism that past behaviour is predictive of future success. This study was thus designed to identify the biographical characteristics which distinguish a high managerial potential group from a low managerial potential group, as assessed by an assessment centre.
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Ciesielski, Emily J. M. "Examining Assessment of Executive Function: Comparing Performance-Based Measures and Ratings in Relation to Academic Achievement." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1613744198164672.
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Schmidt, Kornelius [Verfasser], Clemens [Gutachter] Kirschbaum, and Stefan [Gutachter] Scherbaum. "Chronic Stress, Executive Functioning, and their Methodological Assessment Challenges / Kornelius Schmidt ; Gutachter: Clemens Kirschbaum, Stefan Scherbaum." Dresden : Technische Universität Dresden, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1231917407/34.
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Downes, M. "The development and assessment of executive functioning in preschool children with and without sickle cell anaemia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1502335/.
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Executive functioning is the ability to execute cognitive control in high-level processes such as planning or problem solving. Executive functions are susceptible to disease. Deficits have been highlighted in many school age and adolescent patient populations, including sickle cell disease. However, research with preschool children largely depends on general developmental measures, non-validated behavioural measures, and parental report, making it difficult to ascertain the extent of potential executive deficits. Sickle cell disease, the most common hereditary disorder in the United Kingdom, is a blood disorder caused by an abnormal gene for haemoglobin. These children are at a high risk of stroke, but even without stroke, they can develop deficits in executive functioning. Although executive deficits have been identified in school-age children with sickle cell disease, there has been no research in preschool children that has attempted to delineate whether these deficits are present and/or detectable at this early stage. Early detection could lead to the development of targeted interventions and improve school readiness. Executive tasks, including an ERP study, were developed, piloted, and validated with typically developing preschool children. One of the tasks was also normed in a larger population (N=166, 3-5 years). Tasks developed during this thesis that were considered valid were administered to children with sickle cell disease and a matched comparison group, alongside other recently developed and standardised assessments of executive functioning. Children with sickle cell disease obtained poorer scores on behavioural executive tasks with differences also observed for underlying neural correlates on the ERP task. However, these differences did not translate to parental report. Specific deficits, detected by behavioural measures, may not yet have translated into everyday issues. Disease-related factors did not predict executive performance, with family functioning and sleep problems emerging as important factors for executive development. The findings from this thesis inform future research in early assessment and intervention.
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Krasny-Pacini, Agata. "Executive functions, prospective memory and metacognition in children with traumatic brain injury : assessment, characterization and rehabilitation." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066433/document.
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La section 1 permet premièrement de constater que les fonctions exécutives (FE) sont plus sévèrement atteintes lorsqu'elles sont dans une période de développement rapide et que l'utilisation de tests papier-crayon sous-estime largement les conséquences du TC sur la vie quotidienne. Deuxièmement, elle confirme les conséquences du TC sur la mémoire prospective. Enfin, elle présente les résultats pilotes d'une évaluation multimodale de la métacognition et montre des dissociations de l'atteinte de ses différents composants chez des enfants cérébro-lésés. Elle propose également un modèle d'anosognosie de l'enfant, permettant de mieux adapter la rééducation cognitive aux capacités de l'enfant. La section 2 tente de proposer des moyens d'améliorer les FE. Une revue systématique de la littérature examine d'abord l'efficacité du Goal Management Training (GMT) chez l'adulte cérébro-lésé puis est décrit l'adaptation du GMT à l'enfant. Cette étude confirme la difficulté de rééduquer les FE, avec des résultats contradictoires entre les critères de jugement (certains enfants s'améliorant sur la tâche écologique des FE et d'autres sur les questionnaires de FE). De plus, quand ils étaient confrontés à une nouvelle recette de cuisine, les enfants revenaient à leur comportement dysexécutif, suggérant que la fonction d'adaptation à la nouveauté n'avait pas progressé. La discussion alerte sur la nécessité de mieux prendre en compte les aspects développementaux chez l'enfant cérébro-lésé, concernant l'anosognosie et l'utilisation de stratégies métacognitives. Elle propose également des critères de jugement et de méthodologies innovants pour la recherche sur la rééducation des FE de l'enfantPart one of this PhD explored executive functions (EF) and related impairments after childhood severe TBI. Executive dysfunction was worse when the injury occurred during the period of rapid development of EF. Paper and pencil tasks underestimated EF impairment in daily life. Impairment in prospective memory persisted at seven years post injury, and into adulthood. A model of child anosognosia, and directions for cognitive rehabilitation interventions, are proposed based on a study of self-awareness after childhood TBI. Part two of this PhD investigated methods of remediating EF dysfunction. A systematic review found that Goal Management Training (GMT) is effective in adults when coupled with personal goal setting, external cueing, personalised homework to increase patients' commitment and training intensity and daily life training activities. Based on this literature review, a paediatric GMT intervention was adapted and tested. The intervention showed limited effectiveness, with inconsistency across outcome measures. Children did not apply the metacognitive strategies taught during the training. Furthermore, there was no evidence of generalisation of task-specific improvements to a novel, parallel version of the secondary outcome measure (the Children’s Cooking Task). The adapted GMT did not seem developmentally coherent for younger children. It is clear that deficits in EF arising from TBI continue to be an important target for rehabilitation interventions in children. Proposals on how the use of novel innovative outcome measures and methodologies may improve the field of EF rehabilitation in children with TBI are presented
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Lopich, Dylan. "Validity and reliability of the executive and memory sections of the Groote Schuur neurocognitive assessment battery." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10642.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-74).In this study, a new screening battery is proposed as a replacement for the Mini-Mental State Examination (Folstein, Folstein, & McHugh, 1975), which has proven to have restricted diagnostic utility in the assessment of neurological patients in a South African Neurology ward. The authors know of no other screening instrument which has been translated into Afrikaans and isiXhosa and has been validated in South Africa; given the incidence of head injury and stroke in the Western Cape there is compelling evidence for the existence of an accurate, affordable, culturally appropriate neurocognitive screening instrument. The Groote Schuur Neurocognitive Assessment Battery (GSNAB) is comprised of well-established Euro-American neuropsychological tests, which over the last three years, have been adapted and translated into isiXhosa and Afrikaans.
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Rada, Thaddeus B. "The Role of Accountability and Compensation in Assessor Decision-Aid Neglect." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1376425580.
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Nkala, Elizabeth Oarabile. "The use of assessment centres as a selection and development tool for executive leaders in the Botswana public service." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5814.
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Organisations worldwide are attempting to identify talent by using various assessment methods to evaluate competencies perceived to be core to the mandate of their organisations. In recent years recruitment and selection of individuals rely on assessment methods deemed to have high validity and reliability. One such assessment method used worldwide to evaluate top management is the assessment centre, commonly referred to as the AC. The main research problem of this study focussed on an evaluation of the extent to which the assessment centre method is effectively used for the selection and development of senior management employees in the public service of Botswana. The main research problem had eight sub-problems which were addressed through the following actions: A comprehensive literature study was conducted to define and establish the purpose of assessment centres. Moreover, the study aimed to establish the international best practice for the administration of the assessment centre as a tool for selection and talent development. Subsequent to the literature study an interview schedule and survey questionnaire were developed based on the literature. The interview schedule was used to obtain information from consultants who provide assessment centre services to the public service. The objective of the questionnaire was to obtain information from the recipients of the service and determine the extent to which that information compares with information obtained from the consultants. The questionnaire was distributed to a randomly selected population. The results of the empirical study were statistically analysed and interpreted and revealed that permanent and deputy permanent secretaries are more aware of the reasons for using the assessment centre method than directors and deputy directors. These senior management employees felt that the assessment centre is an effective tool for selection and development but the results from the assessment centre are not optimally used for development. The study revealed that generally the assessment centre process conducted in the Botswana public service is in line with international best practice of assessment centres. However, there are certain areas that need some improvement for the assessment centre to entirely conform to international best practice. These areas include the implementation of an assessment centre policy and the improvement of feedback and vital information provided to participants prior to the centre. The empirical study also revealed that senior management employees hold the view that many senior officers in the public service do not know the importance of the assessment centre method and are not comfortable to participate in such a centre. The assessment centre method has proven to be an effective tool for evaluating competencies. This is due to its use of multiple techniques, assessors, simulations and exercises. Theory has revealed that the assessment centre has higher validity and reliability than other assessment methods. However, due to the high costs of running assessment centres, some organisations take shortcuts and therefore jeopardise its validity.
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Campbell, Amanda. "Assessment of executive functions in people with Human-Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection using the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome : a pilot study." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11491/.
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Impairments in executive functions (EF), for example planning and impulsivity, are often identified in people with Human-Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV). Previous research has predominantly used ‘traditional tests’ such as the Stroop, which do not have good ecological validity (Bennett et al., 2005). The main aim of this study was to assess EF in people with HIV using a battery approach with good ecological validity, the Behavioural Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS) (Wilson et al., 1996). The study used a comparison pilot design to compare performance on the BADS within a sample of participants with HIV to the published normative data. A total of 20 participants with HIV were assessed (13 men; 7 women). On average, participants scored significantly lower on the BADS relative to normative data. Further research should develop the use of neuropsychological batteries with good ecological validity to consider EF impairment in people with HIV. Clinical implications include the potential of EF screening for people with HIV.
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Snell, Jennie L. "Performance on neuropsychological measures of executive function and behavioral adjustment in second-graders /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9186.
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Bégin, Galarneau Marie-Ève. "Self-ratings of Memory in Parkinson’s Disease: Relation to Depressive Symptoms, Personality and Executive Functions." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39207.
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Accurate self-assessment of memory is important for everyday function. Self-rating accuracy may be affected by several factors in aging, and especially in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but these putative influences have rarely been examined in the same study to determine their relative importance and the potential interactions among them. We examined self-ratings of memory in healthy older adults and people with PD. We used two metamemory scales: the relatively comprehensive Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire (MMQ) and the more brief Structured Telephone Interview for Dementia Assessment (STIDA). We took into account three key influencing variables: depression, personality variables (especially neuroticism and conscientiousness), and executive functions. The MMQ ability scale and the STIDA were moderately correlated for controls whereas this relationship failed to reach significance for patients after a Holm–Bonferroni correction. The difference between these correlations in the two groups was statistically significant. In both groups, objective memory performance and self-assessment of memory (assessed by MMQ ability, MMQ Satisfaction, and STIDA) were not significantly correlated. Conscientiousness and the interactions of group with conscientiousness and executive function were the strongest predictors of memory self-assessment as measured by MMQ ability. Our results suggest that memory self-assessment is not accurate, and is better predicted by conscientiousness and executive functions than by memory itself. Clinicians should know about the potential lack of accuracy of memory self-assessment when screening for memory impairment. Memory concerns reported by patients may not translate in objective memory impairment. At the opposite, confidence in memory may not reflect normal memory functioning.
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Seruca, Tânia Catarina Mira. "Córtex pré-frontal, funções executivas e comportamento criminal." Doctoral thesis, ISPA - Instituto Universitário das Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/2735.
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Tese de Doutoramento em Psicologia - Área de Especialidade Psicobiologia.Os comportamentos anti-sociais têm sido associados ao funcionamento pré-frontal, cuja disfunção pode levar a perturbações emocionais e/ou alteração das Funções Executivas relacionadas com a organização temporal do comportamento, planeamento, conceptualização e flexibilidade cognitiva. As disfunções executivas caracterizam-se, fundamentalmente, por impulsividade elevada, diminuição do controlo inibitório, perseveração, e perturbação da capacidade de planeamento, o que resulta num estilo de vida ocupacional e social disfuncional. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido através de três estudos que assentaram exclusivamente em técnicas psicométricas de exame neuropsicológico. O tema central do primeiro estudo, e objectivo principal deste trabalho, foi estudar as Funções Executivas numa amostra de reclusos através da análise das principais funções cognitivas frontais, relacionando-as com outras variáveis ligadas a este tipo de conduta, e que também podem resultar de disfunção pré-frontal, como os níveis de agressividade e as características de personalidade. Os estudos subsequentes foram desenvolvidos para abranger outros aspectos da relação das FE com a criminalidade, nomeadamente, a reincidência criminal e o tipo de crime cometido. Os resultados obtidos no primeiro estudo mostram que existem alterações do funcionamento executivo ao nível da flexibilidade mental e da planificação no grupo de reclusos, e que a perturbação da flexibilidade mental está relacionada com níveis elevados de expressão da ira e agressividade, assim como também apresenta uma relação com traços de personalidade impulsivos, caracterizados por acções irracionais e rigidez comportamental. Isto indica que uma fraca capacidade para alternar entre diferentes opções comportamentais, assim como a dificuldade em manter e executar um plano de acção de modo calmo e eficaz, podem promover manifestações de comportamentos agressivos e socialmente desajustados. A mesma tendência também se verificou no segundo estudo, onde se observou uma perturbação da flexibilidade mental associada à reincidência criminal. Isto remete para o facto de alteração da capacidade para alternar entre conceitos ou comportamentos, e respectivo aumento da perseveração em certos padrões comportamentais e respostas sociais, poderem estar na base da repetição de comportamentos criminais com consequências penais. Já em relação ao tipo de crime verificou-se um padrão diferente, visto que o grupo de crimes contra a propriedade apresenta alteração da memória de trabalho e da flexibilidade mental, enquanto que o grupo de crimes contra as pessoas tem um rendimento executivo dentro dos parâmetros normais excepto nas medidas da planificação. Deste modo, a avaliação neuropsicológica realizada permite concluir que existe alteração do funcionamento executivo associada ao comportamento criminal e indica que as manifestações anti-sociais e criminais verificadas podem ser uma consequência de disfunção pré-frontal.
ABSTRACT: Antisocial behaviour has been associated with impairment of prefrontal brain areas that cause executive dysfunction and emotional disturbances. Prefrontal brain damage can have a serious effect on executive functioning by producing planning and mental flexibility disorders that lead to perseverative behaviour, and that also affects social and professional behaviour in a negative manner. The purpose of this research was to study the relation between executive functions and criminal behaviour and, with the intention to cover several aspects of criminality, it was carried through three studies based exclusively on psychometric techniques and neuropsychological testing. The central objective of the first study was to analyse executive functioning - through the prefrontal cognitive functions exam – in a sample of offenders, and its relation with high levels of anger and antisocial personality traits. Two subsequent studies were developed to provide a more comprehensive approach with regard to the relationship between EF and criminality: one dedicated to recurrent criminal behaviour, and another that examined the type of crime committed. The first study revealed that the offenders group shows executive impairments restricted to mental flexibility and planning abilities. It also provided evidence that the mental flexibility function is correlated with anger expression and with personality traits that produce irrational and rigid behaviour. This suggests that a weak ability to switch between different behavioural options, as well as an incapacity to maintain and execute an action plan in a calm and effective fashion, can promote dysfunctional social behaviour. Additionally, the data obtained in the second study showed a disturbance of mental flexibility associated with recurrent criminal behaviour, meaning that a set shifting deficit will increase perseveration on certain behavioural patterns that can lead to the repetition of criminal behaviour. And, finally, the third study demonstrates that there is a disruption of working memory and mental flexibility in the group of crimes against property, and that the offenders who have practiced crimes against people show executive functioning levels quite similar to those found in general population, except in the planning abilities where its scores are strongly affected by impulsivity. Hance, the neuropsychological assessment results point out the existence of prefrontal brain dysfunction that can be considered as the basis of impaired social behaviour. It is concluded that criminal behaviour, in the specific conditions of these studies, can be influenced by executive functions deficits caused by impaired neuronal functioning
O presente trabalho foi financiado pela Fundação Para a Ciência e Tecnologia (SFRH / BD / 27450 / 2006) e pelo Fundo Social Europeu (FSE) no âmbito do Programa Operacional Potencial Humano (POPH/QREN).
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Czermainski, Fernanda Rasch. "Avaliação neuropsicológica das funções executivas no transtorno do espectro do autismo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/63201.
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Essa dissertação teve como objetivo investigar as funções executivas em crianças e adolescentes com Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA). No primeiro estudo, foi feita uma revisão sistemática de publicações de 2001 a 2011, que avaliaram as funções executivas nessa amostra. No segundo estudo, foi feita uma comparação de desempenho de dois grupos de crianças e adolescentes, um grupo com diagnóstico de TEA (n=11) e um grupo controle com desenvolvimento típico (n=19), em tarefas de funções executivas e memória de trabalho. Concluiu-se que, embora o estudo de revisão tenha encontrado evidências de componentes executivos intactos (resolução de problemas, memória de trabalho) e disfuncionais (planejamento, flexibilidade, fluência verbal, inibição) nas amostras com TEA, o estudo empírico indicou desempenho inferior do grupo TEA em todas as tarefas de funções executivas e memória de trabalho, envolvendo componentes do controle inibitório, da flexibilidade cognitiva, do planejamento, de memória de trabalho e de fluência verbal.This dissertation aimed to investigate executive function in children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). In the first study, we performed a systematic review of publications from 2001 to 2011, which assessed executive function in this sample. In the second study, was done a performance comparison of two groups of children and adolescents, a group with ASD (n=11) and a control group with typical development (n=19), in tasks of executive function and working memory. It was concluded that, although the review study has found evidence of intact (problem-solving, working memory) and dysfunctional (planning, flexibility, verbal fluency, inhibition) executive components in samples with ASD, the empirical study indicated lower performance of executive function in ASD group, involving components of inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, planning, working memory and verbal fluency.
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Molitor, Stephen J. "Executive Functions as Moderators of Response to Behavioral Interventions for Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5927.
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Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience significant academic impairment and multiple interventions have been developed to address common academic problems, such as difficulties with homework, organization, and planning skills. Given cost and resource constraints, research is needed on factors that mental health providers can use to select the most appropriate interventions. To date, there has been minimal research evaluating moderators of response to ADHD interventions. Further, many of the variables that have been studied do not have strong theoretical ties to the mechanisms of change invoked by the interventions. This study examined potential moderators of treatment response to two academic interventions for adolescents with ADHD: an organizational skills training intervention (HOPS) and a homework completion support intervention (CHIEF). Specifically, the study evaluated whether the cognitive skills known as executive functions (EF) moderate differential treatment response between the interventions. Results indicated that EF abilities were not consistently associated with differential treatment outcomes. Further, significant associations presented conflicting interpretations regarding which profiles of EF abilities were more responsive to HOPS in comparison to CHIEF.
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Loftis, Christopher William. "An ecological validity study of executive function measures in children with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0006461.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Florida, 2004.Typescript. Title from title page of source document. Document formatted into pages; contains 128 pages. Includes Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Dias, Natália Martins. "Avaliação neuropsicológica das funções executivas: tendências desenvolvimentais e evidências de validade de instrumentos." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2009. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1746.
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Previous issue date: 2009-12-11Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
Executive functions (EF) are an abilities set, including selective attention, cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, planning, monitoring and working memory, among others, whose function is to regulate and control goals oriented behaviors. There are evidences that these abilities follow distinct developmental paths, and some of them still are in full development until the initial adulthood. In this way, this study aimed to investigate the development tends of different abilities of the EF in children and adolescents, searching for validity evidences of neuropsychological assessment instruments of these abilities. The participants were 572 children and adolescents with ages between 6 and 14 years, students of 1st to 8th grades of two public schools of a city of the SP interior. The instruments utilized were Auditive Work Memory Test, Visual Work Memory Test, Cancel Attentional Test, Trail Making Test parts A and B, Semantic Generation Test, Computerized Stroop Test, the Tower of London and the FAS Verbal Fluency Test. The Cancel Attentional Test and Trail Making Test parts A and B were applied collectively; the others, individually. Variance analysis and Kruskal-Wallis analysis revealed age effect in the performances in all instruments. The data suggested that the abilities evaluated follow developmental courses lightly distinct, the most initiating a more abrupt development between the 9 and 10 years. Mann-Whitney analysis showed that the girls were better that the boys in the auditive working memory, alternated attention and verbal fluency measures. Diverse significant correlations were find between the performances, the most of them were of low to moderate, corroborating the literature that defends the notion of the EF unit and diversity. Exploratory Factorial Analysis returned a two factors solution and regression analysis enabled the verification that the executive abilities can contribute of differential ways to the complex task performance, like as the FAS Verbal Fluency Test and the Tower of London Test. In this way, the study provided his contributions to the knowledge about EF and its development, as well derived validity evidences to the diverse instruments and, it‟s a hope, can expand its contribution to the future availability of adequate instruments for the construct assessment.
Funções executivas (FE) designam um conjunto de habilidades, incluindo atenção seletiva, flexibilidade cognitiva, controle inibitório, planejamento, monitoramento e memória de trabalho, dentre outros, cuja função é regular e controlar comportamentos orientados a metas. Há evidências de que estas habilidades seguem distintas trajetórias desenvolvimentais, sendo que algumas ainda estão em pleno desenvolvimento até a idade adulta inicial. Destarte, este estudo tem por objetivo investigar tendências de desenvolvimento dos diferentes processos que integram as FE em crianças e adolescentes, buscando evidências de validade de instrumentos de avaliação neuropsicológica de tais habilidades. Participaram 572 crianças e adolescentes com idades entre 6 e 14 anos, estudantes de 1ª a 8ª série de duas escolas públicas de uma cidade do interior de SP. Foram utilizados os instrumentos: Teste de Memória de Trabalho Auditiva, Teste de Memória de Trabalho Visual, Teste de Atenção por Cancelamento, Teste de Trilhas partes A e B, Teste de Geração Semântica, Teste de Stroop Computadorizado, Torre de Londres e Teste de Fluência Verbal FAS. Os instrumentos Teste de Atenção por Cancelamento, Teste de Trilhas partes A e B foram aplicados coletivamente; os demais, individualmente. Análises de Variância e de Kruskal-Wallis revelaram efeito da idade sobre os desempenhos em todos os instrumentos. Verificou-se que as habilidades avaliadas seguem cursos desenvolvimentais levemente distintos, a maioria iniciando um desenvolvimento mais abrupto entre os 9 e 10 anos. Análise de Mann-Whitney evidenciou que as meninas foram melhores que os meninos nas medidas de memória de trabalho auditiva, atenção alternada e fluência verbal. Diversas correlações significativas foram evidenciadas entre os desempenhos, a maioria delas de baixas a moderadas, corroborando a literatura no que tange à noção de unidade e diversidade das FE. Análise Fatorial exploratória retornou uma solução de dois fatores e análises de regressão possibilitaram a constatação de que as habilidades executivas podem contribuir de modo diferencial ao desempenho em tarefas complexas, como o Teste de Fluência Verbal FAS e Teste da Torre de Londres. Deste modo, o estudo proveu contribuições ao conhecimento sobre FE e seu desenvolvimento, bem como derivou evidências de validade aos diversos instrumentos e, espera-se, possa expandir sua contribuição à futura disponibilização de instrumentos adequados à avaliação do construto.
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Pereira, Lilian Lopes. "TRANSTORNO BIPOLAR: CARACTERÍSTICAS MÉDICO-CLÍNICAS E DAS FUNÇÕES EXECUTIVAS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10301.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorBipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder, recurrent, characterized by mood swings and involves neurochemical, cognitive, psychological, functional, family and socioeconomic factors. The literature describes impairments in multiple cognitive domains in patients with BD, which may persist even during periods of euthymia. Executive functions involves cognitive sub-processes, among them self-regulation, mental flexibility, decision making, selective attention and inhibitory control. These functions are impaired in BD, but there is no consensus on the persistence of deficits in euthymia. It is understood that such impairments affect the daily life of the BD patients, and the way they deal with their treatment. In this research, we sought to understand the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of 41 patients with BD in euthymia, aged between 25 and 60 years, assisted by the Mood Clinic of the Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil, comparing them with a matched group of 41 healthy controls, in order to test for possible differences in executive functions performance, more specifically, mental flexibility and inhibitory control. This is an exploratory, descriptive and case-control study, where the following instruments were used to compare the groups: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop Test, and Trail Making Test B. Ethical procedures required for research with human beings were followed. The social-demographic profile, of the group of patients with BD, showed a predominance of female gender, white ethnicity, average age 42.8 years, mean education of 9.4 years of schooling, low occupancy rate in the workplace, most without conjugal relationship, and low family incomes. In the clinical profile of BD patients, the main characteristics were: occurrence of first episode of BD between 21 and 40 years of age; illness duration between 16 and 30 years; at least one psychiatric hospitalization in 80,5% of the patients. There were statistically significant differences between groups in the variables perseverative errors and perseverative responses in WCST, time in TMT, Stroop3, number of errors in the Stroop task, indicating poorer performance of patients with BD, in euthymia, which suggests they present impairments relative to cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control. A marginally significant difference in WCST categories completed variable was observed. Based on the results it is concluded that social life, family and occupational background of BD patients is affected not only by the symptoms of the disease, but also by deficits in cognitive performance. So, it is necessary to take these aspects into account in order to provide a more comprehensive therapeutic approach to patients.
O Transtorno Bipolar (TB) é uma patologia psiquiátrica grave, recorrente, que se caracteriza por oscilações de humor e envolve aspectos neuroquímicos, cognitivos, psicológicos, funcionais, familiares e socioeconômicos. A literatura descreve prejuízos em vários domínios cognitivos em portadores de TB, que podem persistir mesmo nos períodos de eutimia. As funções executivas envolvem subprocessos cognitivos, entre eles, auto-regulação, flexibilidade mental, tomada de decisão, atenção seletiva e controle inibitório. Estas funções encontram-se prejudicadas no TB, contudo, não há um consenso sobre a persistência de déficits em eutimia. Entende-se que tais prejuízos interferem no cotidiano do portador e na maneira com que este lida com seu tratamento. Nesta pesquisa, buscou-se conhecer as características sócio-demográficas e clínicas de 41 portadores de TB, em eutimia, com idades entre 25 e 60 anos, atendidos pelo Ambulatório de Transtornos do Humor do Setor de Psiquiatria do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, RS. Esse grupo foi pareado a outro com 41 controles saudáveis, sendo comparadas suas funções executivas, mais especificamente, flexibilidade mental e controle inibitório. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo e caso-controle, em que foram utilizados, para comparação dos grupos, o Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, o Stroop Test e o Trail Making Test B. Foram obedecidos os procedimentos éticos exigidos para pesquisas com seres humanos. O perfil sócio-demográfico do grupo de portadores de TB apontou predominância do gênero feminino, etnia branca, idade média de 42,8 anos; escolaridade média de 9,4 anos de estudo; baixo índice de ocupação laboral; maioria sem relação conjugal; e baixa renda familiar. No perfil clínico dos portadores de TB destacaram-se: a ocorrência do primeiro episódio de TB entre 21 e 40 anos; o tempo de duração da doença entre 16 e 30 anos; ao menos uma hospitalização psiquiátrica em 80,5% dos casos. Foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos nas variáveis erros perseverativos e respostas perseverativas no WCST, tempo no TMT, Stroop3, número de erros na tarefa de Stroop, apontando pior desempenho dos portadores de TB, em eutimia, sugerindo prejuízos quanto à flexibilidade cognitiva e ao controle inibitório. Uma diferença marginalmente significativa na variável completar categorias do WCST, foi encontrada. Com base nos resultados, conclui-se que a vida social, familiar e ocupacional dos pacientes com TB é afetada, não somente pelos sintomas da doença, como também pelas falhas no desempenho cognitivo, sendo então necessário levar estes aspectos em consideração numa abordagem terapêutica mais abrangente oferecida ao paciente.
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Afiune, Fernanda Guedes. "Alterações cognitivas em pacientes idosos com insuficiência cardíaca." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7524.
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Among the various diseases that affect the elderly stand out from them cardiovascular disease among them heart failure (HF). Recently seeks to check for cognitive impairment associated with physical and psychological damage commonly known in the IC. We analyzed a population of patients with heart failure in order to compare their cognitive performance with that of individuals with normal aging in paired age. It was also verified whether there was any more specific impairment of some cognitive function in these HF patients. Through neuropsychological tests it was compared to 78 elderly and 37 in the control group (mean age 68.3 ± 6.3), 41 clinical group with mean age of 68.6 ± 6.9). The subjects were matched to the level of education with a predominance of elderly people with 0-4 years of education (65.9% in the Clinical Group and 59.5% in the control group). We used 11 neuropsychological tests covering the cognitive functions: attention, language, memory, mood and executive function. The results showed significant differences mainly in executive functions which include planning capacity, organization, alternation and evocation of Previously stored information. Cognitive performance in other functions was similar between the groups. The data collected when indicating cognitive impairment in individuals with HF, suggest that new studies be performed with this population since the impairments in cognitive abilities have implications in the daily life of the individual, in their independence and quality of life, as well as in adherence to treatment.
Dentre as diversas patologias que acometem os idosos destacam-se as doenças cardiovasculares, entre elas a Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC). Recentemente, busca-se verificar a existência de prejuízos cognitivos associados a prejuízos físicos e psicológicos, comumente conhecidos na IC. Analisamos uma população de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca com o objetivo de comparar seu desempenho cognitivo com o de indivíduos com envelhecimento normal em idade pareada. Verificou-se, ainda, se havia nesses pacientes com IC algum comprometimento mais específico de alguma função cognitiva. Foram utilizados onze testes neuropsicológicos abrangendo as funções cognitivas: atenção, linguagem, memória, humor e função executiva. A amostra foi composta de 78 idosos ao total. O grupo controle foi composto de 37 indivíduos (com idade média de 68,3 ± 6,3) e o grupo clínico de 41 indivíduos (com idade média de 68,6 ± 6,9). Os sujeitos foram pareados em relação ao nível de escolaridade, com predomínio de idosos com 0 a 4 anos de estudo (65,9% no Grupo Clínico e 59,5 % no Grupo Controle). Os resultados apontaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos, principalmente nas funções executivas, que englobam capacidade de planejamento, organização, alternância e evocação da informação anteriormente armazenada. O desempenho atentivo mostrou-se alterado no que se refere à atenção alternada, bem como no que diz respeito à velocidade de processamento, tendo o grupo clínico mostrado pior desempenho nessas habilidades. A memória de curto prazo também possui pior desempenho no grupo clínico, grupo que, ademais, apresentou dificuldades na memória de longo prazo, sofrendo interferência de prejuízos executivos nessa habilidade. Os dados colhidos ao apontarem prejuízos cognitivos nos indivíduos com IC sugerem que novos estudos sejam realizados com essa população, visto que os prejuízos nas habilidades cognitivas implicam em danos no cotidiano do indivíduo, na sua independência e na qualidade de vida, bem como na adesão ao tratamento.
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Jarrett, Matthew A. "The Role of Executive and Motivational Laboratory Tasks in the Assessment of Externalizing and Internalizing Problems in ADHD-C and Non-ADHD-C Youth." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42446.
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The current study utilized laboratory tasks (Connersâ Continuous Performance Test, CPT; Behavioral Inhibition Task, BIT) to examine the relationships among motivation, executive functioning, and parent and teacher-reported attention, internalizing, and externalizing problems in a clinical sample of 132 children with or without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Combined Type (ADHD-C; 69% male, mean age = 9.88). Specificity was examined through total, unique, and interactive effects via hierarchical regression. Higher CPT scores (i.e., executive disinhibition) were related to greater externalizing problems in total and unique effect analyses, while a relationship between lower CPT scores (i.e., executive inhibition) and greater internalizing problems was found only in unique effect analyses. No significant effects were found for motivational inhibition (i.e., low BIT) or disinhibition (i.e., high BIT). ADHD-C was associated with greater attention and externalizing problems in total effect analyses, but only externalizing problems showed a significant relationship in unique effect analyses. Interactive effects were found for ADHD-C and executive functioning, as lower levels of CPT (i.e., executive inhibition) coupled with ADHD-C resulted in greater parent-reported attention problems. In addition, higher CPT scores (i.e., executive disinhibition) were associated with greater parent-reported externalizing problems in Non-ADHD-C children. Although some main effects were predicted, the interactive effects were somewhat surprising, particularly in relation to ADHD-C, executive inhibition, and parent-reported attention problems. Exploratory analyses revealed that this effect may have been due to greater internalizing problems in ADHD-C children at lower levels of CPT (i.e., executive inhibition). Results are discussed in relation to past studies and laboratory task validity.Master of Science
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Woodin, Michael F. "Screening for the interface between attention, executive functioning, and working memory : a cluster and profile analytic study." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1117096.
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The purpose of the study was to examine the utility of profile analysis using the SCAD index of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III) and behavioral rating scales as brief and accessible elements of a standard neuropsychological battery by which to screen for deficits or assets within the interface between attention, executive functions, and working memory. An ancillary purpose was to examine the further role and diagnostic efficacy of using a continuous performance test of vigilance as a discriminating measure between specific clinical groups. Three subtypes of individuals referred to a diagnostic assessment clinic were identified by means of a three-stage cluster analysis in a sample of 86 children and adolescents on the basis of scores attained on specific neuropsychological, cognitive, and behavioral variables. It was also found that the assigned clusters exhibited a high degree of consistency with the individual diagnoses ultimately rendered during the evaluation. The variables which best discriminated the three subtypes were identified through a forward stepwise discriminant analysis and subjected to multiple validation procedures. The significant and discriminating variables included the SCAD Index, the Attention Problems and Hyperactivity scales of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children (BASC) and the Perceptual Organization factor of the WISC-III. It was also determined that the overall index and a time-related measure from the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CCPT) were indeed able to differentiate clinical groups. Functional and theoretical implications were addressed in terms of their relevance for examining the interface between attention, executive functions, and working memory as well as for the identification and treatment of those diagnosed with ADHD and LD, or individuals considered to be gifted or intellectually advanced.Department of Educational Psychology
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Sullivan, Erin. "Assessment of Hot and Cool Executive Functioning Following Trauma Using the Traditional Stroop Task, Emotional Stroop Task, and a Novel Implicit Association Test." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822731/.
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Individuals who have experienced a traumatic event and develop Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) frequently show deficits in both primarily “cool” and “hot” cognitive executive functions (e.g., traditional & emotional Stroop tasks, respectively) that can be impacted by high affective salience. Given the dimensional nature of psychopathology, questions remain about individuals within the general population who have experienced trauma but do not meet full criteria for PTSD and yet may manifest problems in these areas, especially areas of hot and cool executive functioning (EF). Thus, the current project was designed to assess hot and cool EF in a relatively large sample of individuals from the general population who have experienced trauma and currently demonstrate sub-clinical levels of post-traumatic symptoms. The Stroop task, Emotional Stroop task, and a novel modified Implicit Association Test were utilized to assess EF across a spectrum of individuals with varying traumatic histories and level of post-traumatic symptoms. Results suggest that a greater frequency of trauma experiences was moderately associated with worse performance on both hot and cool executive functioning measures. Specifically, females within the sample evidenced a close relationship between traumatic experiences, post-trauma symptoms, and executive functioning. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.
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Thompson, Rebecca. "Understanding Bulimia Nervosa from a neuropsychological perspective: Impulsivity and binge-purge behavior in adolescent and young adult women." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/49098.
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School PsychologyPh.D.
According to the biopsychosocial model of bulimia, neurobiological mechanisms called endophenotypes cause eating disordered behavior. Impulsivity has been identified as a possible endophenotype for bulimia nervosa, and individuals with bulimia who present with multiple forms of impulsive behavior are known to have worse prognoses. Executive dysfunction in impulse control purportedly manifests as behavioral under-regulation in binge-purge episodes. Neuropsychological assessments were used to analyze the relationship between impulsivity and symptoms of bulimia. Twenty-eight inpatient adolescent and young adult women with bulimia completed the D-KEFS Color Word Task, which is a version of the Stroop that contains four trials including the classic Stroop and a switching Stroop, as well as the age appropriate versions of the BRIEF rating scale and a Type-T Survey of thrill-seeking. Performance on these measures was correlated with measures of bulimia symptoms, including the EDI-3, EDE-Q, and variables of illness severity. Delay of gratification was assessed by offering subjects a choice of compensation that was either immediate and smaller or delayed and larger. Mixed results were found. The sample did not differ from the D-KEFS normative sample on total number of errors or on speed of task completion for the switching Stroop, and the sample demonstrated faster performance than the normative sample on the classic Stroop. However, a tendency to favor speed over accuracy of performance was identified. On the BRIEF rating scales, the sample self-reported significantly higher rates of executive dysfunction compared to the normative data. Additionally, some variables of impulsivity, including greater frequency of errors on cognitive tasks and self-reported deficits of executive functioning, were significantly correlated with variables of bulimia symptom severity, including self-reported bulimia symptomatology on the EDI-3 and frequency of bingeing and purgeing. Risk-taking was also found to be correlated with symptoms of bulimia. Differences were found between subjects who chose the immediate prize versus those who chose the delayed prize, including differences in cognitive task performance and symptom severity. Differences were also found for subjects with a comorbid disorder of impulse control, including bipolar disorders and substance abuse. In conclusion, a unilateral deficit of impulse control was not found to be characteristic of this sample; however, a multi-impulsive cohort was identified as having deficits of cognitive impulse control.
Temple University--Theses
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Lavender, Darryl J. "An Emergent Theory of Executive Leadership Selection: Leveraging Grounded Theory to Study the U.S. Military's Special Forces Assessment and Selection Process." Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7839.
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This research documents the assessment and selection process used by the U.S. Military’s Special Forces for over 70 years using Grounded Theory Methodology. Three independent studies were used to document the Special Forces process of selection. Through comparative reanalysis of each study’s data a model emerged explaining the Special Forces phenomena of assessment and selection.
Analysis was conducted in three phases using open, axial, and selective coding which allowed for the identification of a smaller set of themes which categorized the process of selection. The final step involved the development of two analytical matrices explaining the central theme of selection consistent across all three independent studies. The contribution to knowledge consists of a single unifying model that was subsequently developed and has potential to be replicated elsewhere.
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Pretorius, Jana. "The development and evaluation of an executive coaching programme / J. Pretorius." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2536.
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Kurowski, Brad G. "Executive Dysfunction after Moderate and Severe Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Predicts Clinical Dysfunction on the Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1342543308.
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Torres, Júnior Cícero Vieira. "Implantação dos laboratórios básicos padrão MEC/FNDE na Rede Pública do Estado do Paraná pelo Programa Brasil Profissionalizado." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4006.
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Esta dissertação tem por objetivo investigar como se efetivou a implementação dos Laboratórios Básicos Padrão MEC/FNDE. Com a implantação do Programa Brasil Profissionalizado no Estado do Paraná, instituído pelo Decreto Nº 6.302 de 27 de dezembro de 2007, programa do Governo Federal, foram firmados convênios com a Secretaria de Estado da Educação – SEED-PR, com o intuito de modernizar as estruturas das escolas que ofertam a Educação Profissional da Rede Estadual. A partir dos estudos de demanda, exigências estabelecidas pelo programa, as escolas contempladas se propuseram a melhorar as condições de oferta da Educação Profissional e da qualidade na formação de seus alunos. Com a expansão da rede para a oferta da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica, também se fez necessária a adequação dos espaços escolares, proporcionando melhores condições de aprendizagem e a preparação dos profissionais para o desenvolvimento de suas atividades. Os autores que contribuíram para a fundamentação desta dissertação passam por especialistas na Educação Profissional e nos sistemas de avaliação. O instrumento utilizado para o desenvolvimento desta tarefa foi a avaliação executiva, processo pelo qual foi possível apresentar uma visão generalizada da implementação do programa na Rede Pública do Estado do Paraná, conforme as orientações e recomendações do Manual de Orientação e Preenchimento da Situação Escolar – MOPSE, composto por formulários que indicavam os aspectos de infraestrutura dos espaços escolhidos para a instalação dos laboratórios. O intento dessa dissertação é a preparação para o processo de uma avaliação de impacto, ou seja, a construção de um instrumento de investigação mais aprofundado desta ação, buscando conhecer o quanto a implementação dos laboratórios tem contribuído para a melhoria nas condições de oferta para a Educação Profissional.
This dissertation that aims to investigate how it effected the implementation of Basic Standard Laboratories MEC / FNDE. With the implementation of Brazil Professionalized Program in the State of Paraná, established by Decree No. 6302 of December 27, 2007, Federal Government program, agreements with the State Department of Education – SEED-PR, were signed, in order to modernize structures of schools that offer the Vocational Education of the State Network. From the studies of demand requirements established by the program, the schools in question proposed to improve the provision of Vocational Education and quality in the education of its students. With the expansion of the network for the provision of Vocational and Technological Education, also the adequacy of school spaces was needed, providing better learning and preparation of professionals for the development of its activities. The authors who contributed to the foundation of this dissertation are specialists in Vocational Education and evaluation systems. The instrument used for the development of this task was the executive assessment process by which it was possible to present a general overview of the implementation of the program on the Public System of the State of Paraná, as the guidelines and recommendations of the Manual of Guidance and Completion of School Situation - MOPSE composed of forms that indicated the aspects of infrastructure chosen for the installation of laboratories spaces. The intent of this dissertation is the preparation for the process of impact assessment, about the construction of a tool for further investigation of this action, seeking to know how the implementation of laboratories have contributed to the improvement in the conditions of an offer to Professional Education.
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Dinovo, Salvatore Augustine Jr. "A Multimethod Assessment of Effortful Self-Regulation in Personality Research: Temperamental, Neuropsychological, and Psychophysiological Concomitants." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1259076504.
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Pereira, Ana Paula Prust. "Desenvolvimento de funções executivas em crianças sem domínio da linguagem escrita e relação com desatenção e hiperatividade." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2011. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1565.
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Previous issue date: 2011-08-25Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
Executive functions refer to the skills needed to plan, initiate, implement and monitor intentional conduct related to an objective or environmental demands and allows to the subject guide behaviors to as objetive. Include inhibition, working memory, cognitive flexibility, selective attention, planning and organization. Executive functions develop during childhood and deficits are related to various disorders that affect children and adolescents, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - ADHD. To investigate this relation, specially in early childhood, this study examined the relationship between executive functions and development of children 4 and 6 years and their relationship with signs of inattention and hyperactivity. It was assessed 85 children attended a public school for kindergarten and elementary school of São Paulo. To assess executive functions were used Trial Making Test (TMT), Cancellation Attention Test (CAT) and Semantic Stroop Test. The Swanson, Nolan e Pelham Questionaire SNAP IV, Brazilian version, was answered by parents and teachers to assess inattention and hyperactivity. Mann-Whitney tests revealed grade effect for TMT (execution time in part B), CAT (scores in parts 1, 2 and 3, and errors in part 3), and Semantic Stroop Test (reaction time in part B). Kruskal-Wallis analysis revealed age effect of TMT (execution time in Part B), CAT (scores in parts 1 and 3, and errors in parts 1 and 2) and Semantic Stroop Test (reaction time in parts A, B and interference). There were also several significant correlations between performances on different tests and between executive performance and parents and teachers reporting of inattention and hyperactivity signs, specially between teachers reports and TMT, CAT and Stroop. Thus, this study corroborated theory about the development of executive functions and their relations with signs of inattention and hyperactivity, extending these assumptions for children at very early age.
Funções executivas referem-se às habilidades necessárias para planejar, iniciar, realizar e monitorar comportamentos intencionais, relacionados a um objetivo ou a demandas ambientais, permitindo ao indivíduo direcionar comportamentos a metas. Incluem inibição, memória de trabalho, flexibilidade cognitiva, atenção seletiva, planejamento e organização. As funções executivas desenvolvem-se de modo bastante evidente durante a infância e alterações nessas funções estão relacionadas a diversos distúrbios que acometem crianças e adolescentes, tais como o Transtorno do Déficit de Atenção e Hiperatividade TDAH. De forma a investigar tal relação, principalmente em crianças pequenas, este estudo analisou a relação entre funções executivas e o desenvolvimento de crianças de 4 a 6 anos, bem como a sua relação com sinais de desatenção e hiperatividade. Participaram 85 crianças de uma escola municipal de Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental da grande São Paulo. Para avaliar funções executivas foram usados Teste de Trilhas para pré-escolares (TTP), Teste de Atenção por Cancelamento (TAC) e Teste de Stroop Semântico. O Swanson, Nolan e Pelham Questionaire SNAP IV, versão brasileira, foi respondido por pais e professores para avaliar sinais de desatenção e hiperatividade. Análises de Mann-Whitney revelaram efeito de série para TTP (tempo de execução na parte B), TAC (acertos nas partes 1,2 e 3, e erros na parte 3) e Teste de Stroop Semântico (tempo de reação na parte B). Análises de Kruskal-Wallis revelaram efeito da idade para TTP (tempo de execução na parte B), TAC (acertos nas partes 1 e 3, e erros nas partes 1 e 2) e Teste de Stroop Semântico (tempos de reação nas partes A, B e na interferência). Houve ainda diversas correlações significativas entre desempenhos nos diferentes testes executivos, bem como entre tais desempenhos e o relato de pais e professores sobre sinais de desatenção e hiperatividade, principalmente entre as respostas dos professores e TTP, TAC e Stroop. Dessa forma, esse estudo corroborou presspostos teóricos sobre o desenvolvimento das funções executivas e suas relações com sinais de desatenção e hiperatividade, estendendo tais pressupostos para crianças em faixa etária bastante precoce.
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Czermainski, Fernanda Rasch. "Funções executivas, controle inibitório e agressividade em indivíduos com trantornos por uso de álcool e crack." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/157466.
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O uso problemático de substâncias psicoativas (SPA) tem aumentado significativamente nos últimos anos. Os Transtornos Relacionados a Substâncias (TRS) têm sido associados a uma série de prejuízos cognitivos e comportamentais, dentre os quais destacam-se as disfunções executivas e os déficits envolvendo o controle dos impulsos. A presente tese teve como objetivo investigar as funções executivas, o controle inibitório e a agressividade em indivíduos com Transtornos por uso de álcool e crack. O propósito desta pesquisa foi o de investigar a cognição e o comportamento em amostras distintas de dependentes, visto que são poucos os estudos nessa área enfocando os perfis de déficits cognitivos e comportamentais de acordo com a droga de abuso. Essa tese é composta por um estudo de revisão da literatura e dois estudos empíricos. Foram avaliados 67 homens, com idades entre 18 - 65 anos, divididos em quarto grupos: dependentes de álcool, dependentes de crack, dependentes de álcool + crack e grupo controle. Os dependentes de álcool e/ou crack encontravam-se em abstinência e estavam internados em um programa de tratamento gratuito e voluntário de um Hospital Geral. O protocolo de pesquisa incluiu medidas psicológicas e neuropsicológicas. Os principais resultados deste estudo indicaram prejuízos das funções executivas e do controle inibitório e níveis mais elevados de agressividade nos grupos de dependentes, quando comparados ao grupo controle, tendo esses índices variado de acordo com a droga de abuso. Entre os indivíduos que faziam uso de álcool esses índices foram mais rebaixados, sugerindo que o consumo dessa substância pode estar associado a um maior comprometimento das habilidades de autorregulação e autocontrole.The problematic use of psychoactive substances has increased significantly in recent years. The Substance-Related Disorders have been linked to a series of cognitive and behavioral impairments, among which is the executive dysfunction and deficits involving impulse control. This thesis aimed to investigate the executive functions, inhibitory control and aggression in individuals with alcohol and crack disorders. The choice of this theme aimed to investigate cognition and behavior in different dependent samples, since there are few studies in this area focusing on the profiles of cognitive and behavioral deficits according to the drug of abuse. This thesis is composed by a review of the literature study and two empirical studies. They were evaluated 67 men, aged 18 -65 years, divided into four groups: alcohol dependents, crack dependents, alcohol + crack dependents and control group. The alcohol and / or crack dependents were in abstinence and were inpatients in a free and voluntary treatment program of a General Hospital. The research protocol included psychological and neuropsychological measures. The main results of this study indicated losses of executive functions and inhibitory control and higher levels of aggression in dependent groups compared to the control group, and these impairments varied according to the drug of abuse. Alcohol dependents showed decreased performance, suggesting that alcohol consumption may be associated with a decrease of self-regulation and self-control skills.
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Kassinger, Kenneth Dale. "Indicators of leadership characteristics of health care administrators: Executive tenure, behavioral attributes, and self-professed values." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1819.
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Holager, Emma. "The impact of the private security industry on peace-building efforts in Africa : an assessment of Executive Outcomes, MPRI and DynCorp." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6866.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The emergence and rapid growth of the private security industry in the 1990s followed from the downsizing of the armed forces in the aftermath of the Cold War and the development of new security threats which increased demand for military manpower and expertise. This has led to a redefinition of security strategies and the restructuring of armed forces by Western governments, which has resulted in the elimination of non-core activities from the functions of many armed forces. Recently it has been argued that the private security industry can challenge what previously was believed to be a primary responsibility of states, namely to take on peacebuilding initiatives and support to other peace operations. This study seeks to assess the impact of the private security industry in peacebuilding efforts in African conflicts. The study suggests that the private security industry have taken on a much stronger role in conflicts world wide since the 1990s, and that its activities have significantly changed. Companies such as MPRI and DynCorp have managed to keep close contact with their home governments, which arguably has been a crucial factor to their growing business. Furthermore, the private security industry have sought to distance itself from the negative connotations associated with mercenaries and the activities of companies such as Executive Outcomes in the 1990s, by avoiding operations involving elements of direct combat. This has been illustrated through the extensive case study of the activities of three private military and security companies: Executive Outcomes, MPRI and DynCorp. Furthermore, this thesis has confirmed an increased presence of the United States on the African continent post-9/11, illustrated by the presence of American-based private military and security companies which arguably are being used as proxies for US foreign policy purposes. Furthermore, this study has discussed the various implications the private security industry has on the traditional notion of the state’s monopoly on the legitimate use of force. This thesis has argued that the legitimate use to exercise violence is in the process of devolution from governments to other actors, which the extensive growth of the private security industry illustrates. Additionally, it has been argued that the privatisation of military and security services can harm the reliable delivery of essential services in conflict. Furthermore, the findings of this thesis has highlighted the dilemma that many countries do not want stricter regulation or elimination of the private security industry for the reason that these companies are viewed as valuable assets in fulfilling foreign policy objectives that for various reasons cannot be fulfilled by national armies.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die opkoms en vinnige groei van die privaatsekuriteitsbedryf in die 1990s was die gevolg van die afskaling van gewapende magte in die nasleep van die Koue Oorlog en die ontwikkeling van nuwe sekuriteitsbedreigings, wat die aanvraag na militêre arbeidskragte en kundigheid verhoog het. Dit het aanleiding gegee tot ’n herdefiniëring van sekuriteitstrategieë en die herstrukturering van gewapende magte deur Westerse regerings, met die gevolg dat niekernaktiwiteite van die funksies van talle gewapende magte uitgesluit is. Daar is onlangs aangevoer dat die privaatsekuriteitsbedryf aanspraak kan maak op ’n funksie wat voorheen as die primêre verantwoordelikheid van regerings beskou is, naamlik om vredesinisiatiewe en steun aan ander vredesverrigtinge te onderneem. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die impak van die privaatsekuriteitsbedryf in vredesinisiatiewe in Afrika-konflikte te assesseer. Daar word aan die hand gedoen dat die privaatsekuriteitsbedryf sedert die 1990’s ’n baie groter rol in wêreldwye konflikte gespeel het, en dat die aktiwiteite van hierdie bedryf aanmerklik verander het. Maatskappye soos MPRI en DynCorp was suksesvol daarin om nabye kontak met hul tuisregerings te behou, wat stellig ’n deurslaggewende faktor in hul groeiende besighede was. Voorts het die privaatsekuriteitsbedryf gepoog om hom te distansieer van die negatiewe konnotasies wat met huursoldate en die aktiwiteite van maatskappye soos Executive Outcomes in die 1990’s geassosieer is deur bedrywighede wat elemente van direkte stryd inhou, te vermy. Hierdie poging is geïllustreer deur die omvattende gevallestudie van die aktiwiteite van drie privaat militêre en sekuriteitsmaatskappye: EO, MPRI en DynCorp. Die bevindinge van die studie bevestig voorts die Verenigde State van Amerika (VSA) se toenemende teenwoordigheid op die Afrika-vasteland ná 9/11, wat duidelik blyk uit die teenwoordigheid van Amerikaansgebaseerde privaat militêre en sekuriteitsmaatskappye wat stellig as volmag gebruik word vir die VSA se buitelandsebeleidsdoelstellings. Die verskeie implikasies van die privaatsekuriteitsbedryf vir die tradisionele siening van die regerings se monopolie ten opsigte van die wettige gebruik van magte word ook in die studie bespreek. Daar word aangevoer dat die wettige gebruik van geweld in die proses van devolusie is vanaf regerings na ander rolspelers, wat deur die omvattende groei van die privaatsekuriteitsbedryf bevestig word. Daar word verder ook beweer dat die privatisering van militêre en sekuriteitsdienste die betroubare lewering van noodsaaklike dienste tydens konflik kan benadeel. Die studie se bevindinge werp ook lig op die dilemma dat talle lande strenger regulering of uitskakeling van die privaatsekuriteitsbedryf teëstaan omdat hierdie maatskappye beskou word as waardevolle bates in die bereiking van buitelandsebeleidsdoelwitte, wat vir verskeie redes nie deur nasionale leërs bereik kan word nie.