Relevant bibliographies by topics / Executive authority

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Executive authority'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Executive authority"

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Thyne, Clayton, and Erika Moreno. "Squeaky Wheels and Unequal Policy." Comparative Political Studies 41, no. 7 (February 13, 2008): 921–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414007301704.

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The World Bank has been increasingly involved in reforming Latin America's education systems. However, compliance with World Bank directives varies greatly. Recent scholarship has made significant progress in fashioning an explanation for this variation by focusing on the presence of democracy. This article takes the literature a step further by identifying the mechanism by which democracy matters. Specifically, variations in executive authority are key factors in explaining the adoption of controversial World Bank directives. The authors argue that a government's ability to implement World Bank reforms and overcome popular dissent, if present, is a function of executive authority. They examine executive authority using several measures to test their hypotheses on a 20-year panel of 17 American states from 1980 to 2000. Results indicate that newly democratized governments and strong executives are indeed more successful in passing World Bank reforms.
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Shair-Rosenfield, Sarah, and Alissandra T. Stoyan. "Gendered Opportunities and Constraints: How Executive Sex and Approval Influence Executive Decree Issuance." Political Research Quarterly 71, no. 3 (January 5, 2018): 586–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912917750279.

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Do female executives exercise the authority of their office distinctly from their male counterparts? Anecdotal evidence suggests women legislators are likely to govern in a more consensual manner than men. Yet there has been little systematic research extending such claims to women in executive office. Using an original data set, we evaluate one aspect of policy agenda setting—rates of executive decree issuance—among four male–female pairs of Latin American presidents between 2000 and 2014. Female presidents are generally less prone to rule by decree, but this relationship is conditioned by presidential popularity. Female executives with high presidential approval ratings are less likely to rule via unilateral action than similarly popular male executives, but the gendered differences in decree issuance disappear when executives possess low approval ratings. Our findings have implications for understanding the potential benefits of feminine leadership styles for executive–legislative relations and good governance.
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Indjejikian, Raffi J., and Dhananjay (DJ) Nanda. "Executive Target Bonuses and What They Imply about Performance Standards." Accounting Review 77, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): 793–819. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2002.77.4.793.

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We provide evidence that CEOs' and lower-level business unit executives' target bonuses are negatively associated with a proxy for measurement noise in accounting-based performance measures, and positively associated with proxies for firms' growth opportunities and the extent of executives' decision-making authority. Non-CEO executives' target bonuses are also positively associated with their CEO's target bonus. In addition, we compare executives' actual and target bonuses over two consecutive periods to draw inferences about how firms revise executives' performance standards. If firms adjust performance standards to fully reflect executives' past performance, then we expect an executive's chances of earning an above-target bonus to be independent of his past performance. We find evidence to the contrary; an executive is more likely to receive an above-target bonus if he received an above-target bonus in the prior year than if he did not. This suggests that firms do not adjust standards to fully reflect executives' past performance, consistent with agency-theoretic arguments that a firm can better motivate its executives if it discounts executives' past performance in setting their future compensation.
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ABBOODI, Layth Kadhim. "PARLIAMENTARY INTERROGATION A COMPARATIVE STUDY ‎." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 04, no. 02 (March 1, 2022): 449–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.16.30.

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Interrogation is one of the oversight means that Parliament has against the ‎executive authority. It is one of the most dangerous means that Parliament ‎enjoys, which enables them to hold the executive authority accountable and ‎direct its work. Especially since Parliament’s work in oversight is the basic ‎task in order to achieve the desired goal, which is to achieve the public benefit ‎and the public interest through holding the executive authority accountable. ‎Through interrogation, the legislative authority is able to warn the executive ‎authority if it has abused or failed in its performance or violated the law and ‎deviated from the path that it should take and bring it back to the right side. ‎Accordingly, Parliamentary interrogation is one of the legislative authority’s ‎tools in controlling the executive authority, whereby the representative enjoys ‎directing interrogation (accusation) on a specific subject in order to reach the ‎truth of the matter. Interrogation is the most dangerous means of ‎parliamentary oversight, through which the matter ends with either the ‎dismissal of the minister or the entire government.‎‏ ‏This is in the event that the ‎interrogation is feasible and the minister or the government is unable to ‎respond convincingly to the deputy who is the subject of the interrogation. But ‎in the event that nothing is proven, the end of the interrogation is considered ‎the parliament's blessing for the government's work to continue its work. ‎Therefore, interrogation is considered a double-edged sword. It either ‎withdraws confidence from the minister or the government, or enhances the ‎work and performance of it. In this study, the concept of interrogation and its ‎guarantees will be known in a first part, the conditions to be followed when ‎presenting an interrogation in a second part, and the results of the ‎interrogation in a third part.‎
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Waslin, Michele. "The Use of Executive Orders and Proclamations to Create Immigration Policy: Trump in Historical Perspective." Journal on Migration and Human Security 8, no. 1 (March 2020): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331502420906404.

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Executive Summary This article examines presidential immigration policy making through executive orders (EOs) and proclamations. Donald Trump’s overall volume of EOs has been remarkably similar to that of other presidents, while his number of proclamations has been relatively high. His immigration-related EOs and proclamations, however, diverge from those of his predecessors in several ways. Of the 56 immigration-related EOs and 64 proclamations issued since 1945, Trump has issued 10 and nine, respectively. Overall, about 1 percent of all EOs and proclamations during this period have been immigration related, compared to 8 percent of Trump’s EOs and 2.4 percent of Trump’s proclamations. In a sharp departure from previous presidents, a greater share of his EOs and proclamations have been substantive policy-making documents intended to restrict admissions of legal immigrants and increase enforcement along the border and in the interior of the United States. This article explores Trump’s unorthodox use of executive tools to make immigration policy, circumventing Congress and even members of his own administration. It recommends that: Congress should hold oversight hearings and should consider revoking or modifying EOs and proclamations that have been issued pursuant to the authority provided to the president by Congress, as opposed to those based on the executive’s constitutional authority. Advocacy organizations should continue to challenge the president’s executive actions, the insufficient process and consultation leading to them, their statutory or constitutional justification, and their impact. Congress should take an inventory of the immigration authorities it has delegated, both explicitly and implicitly, to the executive branch and determine when this authority can and should be limited. Congress should pass legislation to update and reform the US immigration system, and thus clarify its intentions regarding US immigration law, policy, and executive authority in this area.
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Dniprov, Alexei. "Special principles of the executive authority functioning." Visnik Nacional’nogo universitetu «Lvivska politehnika». Seria: Uridicni nauki 2017, no. 884 (December 27, 2017): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/law2017.884.108.

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Braman, Eileen. "Exploring Citizen Assessments of Unilateral Executive Authority." Law & Society Review 50, no. 1 (January 28, 2016): 189–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lasr.12180.

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Schap, David. "In search of efficacious executive veto authority." Public Choice 58, no. 3 (September 1988): 247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00155670.

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Chugh, Madhu. "Executive Authority to Reform Health: Options and Limitations." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 37, S2 (2009): 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00418.x.

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Presidential power has provoked increasingly vigorous debate since the turn of this century. In recent years, scholars and lawyers have been grappling with how Congress’s dictates may limit the president’s Commander-in-Chief power to detain enemy combatants at Guantanamo Bay, to fight wars abroad, and to conduct intelligence activities at home. But policymakers have not yet explored the many possibilities for invoking the president’s “Take Care” power to change health care policy.This article explores the scope and limits of President Barack Obama’s ability to invoke his executive authority to reform health care. Specifically, it identifies ways the Obama Administration can use directives to: (1) expand Medicaid and State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) coverage through section 1115 waivers; (2) test quality initiatives through Medicare demonstration authority; (3) expand health information technology; (4) allow drug reimportation and experiment with contracting power under Medicare; (5) enhance patient protections and private coverage requirements; (6) lift coverage restrictions on Medicaid and SCHIP; and (7) build on the health insurance program for federal employees. Consistent with the mission of the Legal Solutions in Health Reform project, this article does not endorse a particular policy. Instead of recommending “what,” it explains “how.”
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Zelentsov, Aleksandr B. "Administrative Authority as a Legal Category." Administrative law and procedure 2 (February 11, 2021): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2071-1166-2021-2-35-41.

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The article is devoted to the theoretical understanding of administrative power as a category of public law. Its correlation with the concepts of Executive power and public power is revealed, its essential legal characteristics, legal nature and functions are revealed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Executive authority"

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Nortjé, Alwyn Emile. "A local government's executive authority in respect of "municipal planning" / by A.E. Nortjé." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1260.

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The Development Facilitation Act' came into operation on 22 December 1995 and it inter alia provides for Development Tribunals to be established in the respective Provinces to consider any land development application. The DFA did not, however, repeal the various provincial ordinances2 which applied in the respective former provinces. Thus, the Development Tribunals, as a provincial body and established in terms of a national act, are currently taking decisions on any land development application, whilst you also have municipalities who take decisions on land development applications in terms of the old provincial Ordinances still in operation. In other words, two decision making bodies from different spheres of government taking decisions on development applications in the same area of jurisdiction. Not all the Provinces established these Tribunals. However, the establishment of these Tribunals in those Provinces that did adopt such an approach and them taking decisions on any land development application, even if the land is situated within the jurisdiction of a municipality, has now lead to an intergovernmental dispute between such municipalities and the respective Provincial Governments. This is certainly the case in the Gauteng Province. The dispute stems from section 156 of the 1996 Constitution of the Republic of South Africa3 which states that a municipality has executive authority in respect of and has the right to administer the local government matters listed in parts B of schedules 4 and 5 to the Constitution. It is the functional areas of the powers and functions of provincial and local government that are listed in these schedules with part A confined to provincial government and part B to local government. Schedule 4 contains the functional areas of concurrent national and provincial legislative competence and schedule 5 the functional areas of exclusive provincial legislative competence. The problem arises in that these schedules list the functional areas without any detailed definitions of each functional area. There seems to be a considerable overlap between provincial and local government functional areas. This lack of clarity, in practice, creates confusion about who does what and who has authority over what. One of these functional areas listed in schedule 4 part B as a local government matter is "municipal planning". On the other hand schedule 4 part A lists "regional planning and development" as well as "urban and rural development" as functional areas. Because of the above mentioned overlap of the different functional areas, municipalities are arguing that it has the exclusive right to do "municipal planning" in its area of jurisdiction, in other words, the exclusive right to take decisions on all land development applications in its area of jurisdiction, whilst the respective Provincial Governments are arguing that it does not have such an exclusive right based on the fact that "urban and rural development" have been included as one of its functional areas. The Tribunals established in terms of the DFA are, therefore, taking decisions on any land development application submitted in terms of the DFA, even if the land is situated within the jurisdiction of a municipality, as it is of the view that such authority falls within the ambit of "urban and rural development" as one of its functional areas as a provincial body. This paper will endeavour to explain the confusion that currently exists around "municipal planning" on the one hand compared to "urban and rural development" on the other. It will also try to put a definition to "municipal planning" and then lastly it will analyse whether a local government's executive authority in respect of "municipal planning" is being compromised or impeded by national and/or provincial government. This will be done with specific reference to the DFA and the powers and functions set out in it and the Development Tribunals established in terms thereof, compared to the provisions of especially the Local Government: Municipal Systems Act, provisions of other relevant local government legislation relating to town-planning and the Constitution.
Thesis (LL.M. (Public Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.
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Fletcher, Kimberley Liane. "The Collision of Political and Legal Time| Foreign Affairs and the Court's Transformation of Executive Authority." Thesis, State University of New York at Albany, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3620215.

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A dynamic institutional relationship exists between the United States executive branch and the United States Supreme Court. This dissertation examines how the Court affects constitutional and political development by taking a leading role in interpreting presidential decision-making in the area of foreign affairs since 1936. Examining key cases and controversies in foreign policymaking, primarily in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, this dissertation highlights the patterns of intercurrences and the mutual construction process that takes place at the juncture of legal and political time. In so doing, it is more than evident that the Court not only sanctions the claims made by executives of unilateral decision-making, but also that the Court takes a leading role in (re)defining the very scope and breadth of executive foreign policymaking.

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Shero, Phillip A. "Embedded Leadership| The Role of Gisu Clan Elders in Uganda in Supporting and Limiting Executive Authority." Thesis, Regent University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3632014.

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Research has identified a problem of executive authorities in Africa that operate largely free of accountability and/or balance of power, often resulting in oppression, tyranny, or other abuses of power. In response to calls for greater understanding of indigenous African leadership (Littrell, 2011), this dissertation used problem-focused ethnographic methods to investigate characteristics of Gisu/Masaaba clan elder leadership in East Africa, specifically as elders interact with executive authority. Elders are a tribal form of leadership wherein leaders are embedded in the community but lack political power. The research question asked: What are the modalities indigenous to Gisu culture, specifically from elder councils, that facilitate accountability and balance of power in African governance, and how could biblical descriptions of elders be useful in the Gisu's self-perception and construction of elder-based leadership? The study (N = 49) employed participant observation as well as directed observation and interview-based participant listening with elders, youth, and government leaders to produce rich qualitative data. After coding emergent themes and categories, thick descriptions of Gisu clan elder leadership formed a foundation for analysis. Emergent themes were first analyzed using indigenous typologies and then using analyst-constructed typologies before being interpreted to present an indigenous portrayal of traditional Gisu elders' characteristics, concerns, actions, and modalities. Research data provided support for elders' facilitating accountability through speaking directly to the leader, escalating complaints to higher authorities, and taking the case to the public; the data also offered support, to a lesser degree, for elders facilitating balance of power related to executive authority through formation of supraclan bodies such as the Inzu ya Masaaba and Elders Forum as well as through persistently utilizing the modality of elders' voice to call for reform. Drawing from the research data, the author offered suggestions for how biblical descriptions of elders could be useful in the Gisu's self-perception and construction of elder-based leadership, specifically addressing two threats to elder self-perception and construction of elder-based leadership by way of reclaiming important traditional aspects of eldership.

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Conley, Benjamin J. "A Critical Examination of the Bush Administration’s Expansion of Executive Authority During the “War on Terror”." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1114624821.

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Mackay, Christopher John. "Large housing organisations : a comparative study of the Hong Kong Housing Authority and the Northern Ireland Housing Executive." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390163.

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Katoma, Fillemon Ndangi. "The role of middle managers in strategy execution : a case study of a local authority council." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/957.

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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Successful strategy execution remains critical for any organisation. Yet many organisations seem to have difficulties in implementing their strategies, especially in the public sector. This study explores the role of middle managers in executing organisational strategies in the local government sector. The study adopted a qualitative research method and followed a case study strategy, using a local authority council (LAC) in Namibia. Using semi-structured individual interviews, I interviewed 10 middle managers, selected through applying purposive sampling and representing diverse characteristics of the target group. I introduced a theoretical framework consisting of four research focus areas to guide the study: the value-adding role of middle managers, the key enablers for middle managers to execute strategies successfully, the key processes they follow and the key tools they use to implement corporate strategies. I also conducted a critical literature review on the above focus areas. The findings suggest that middle managers interpret, communicate and translate organisational strategic goals into actions in their value-adding role as champions, synthesisers, facilitators and implementers. The results of the research study also indicates that communication and the availability of resources are key enabling factors, whereas systems, structures, policies and communication channels are key processes impacting on the middle managers' effective implementation of corporate strategies in this LAC. In the same vein, resources – information technology (IT) in particular, performance management systems and laws – were found to be the key tools. Some disconfirming evidence also emerged from the study, suggesting that some middle managers play a value-subtracting role, characterised by disruptive behaviour and being bogged down in routine duties. This research study is, at best, an explorative one, as it used a limited sample. Further research is necessary to gain more in-depth insights about the different roles of middle managers and their influence on strategy generation and implementation versus the role of top/senior managers. As the study employed a case study design, the generalisability of the findings is also limited to this LAC. Further, while I aimed to give a trustworthy account of the experiences of the research participants, many factors may have interfered with the processes of fair collection and interpretation of data, including personal emotional involvement with the topic, presuppositions formed from reading the literature, and various aspects of the interaction with the research participants. Further research is therefore needed to validate the assumed relationships that are expressed in the thematic map. This study is of value to the LAC in that, in the present context of this organisation, top management formulate the organisational strategic goals (vision, mission, strategic thrusts and objectives), with little involvement of middle managers. The study records the views of middle managers, indicating that there is a gap between the agenda setting and leadership of top managers and the observed roles of middle managers. Yet, effective strategy execution requires constant feedback, commenting on and questioning the strategy in order to facilitate understanding. Middle managers thus correctly argue that continuous dialogue and interaction with senior managers increases the alignment of their tactical initiatives with top management's conception of corporate strategy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suksesvolle strategieuitvoering bly van deurslaggewende belang vir enige organisasie. Tog is dit oënskynlik vir menige instansie moeilik om hulle strategieë ten uitvoer te bring, veral in die openbare sektor. Hierdie studie ondersoek die rol van middelvlakbestuurders in die toepassing van organisatoriese strategieë in die plaaslike regeringsektor. Met behulp van ʼn kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetode en ʼn gevallestudieontwerp, is ʼn Namibiese plaaslike regeringsraad ('n sogenaamde LAC) onder die loep geneem. Semi-gestruktureerde afsonderlike onderhoude is met tien middelvlakbestuurders gevoer, welke tiental deur doelgerigte steekproefneming gekies is en die diverse kenmerke van die teikengroep verteenwoordig. Die studie word gerig deur ʼn teoretiese raamwerk met vier navorsingsfokusgebiede, naamlik die waardetoevoegingsrol van middelvlakbestuurders; die kerninstaatstellers vir middelvlakbestuurders om strategieë suksesvol in werking te stel; en die kernprosesse wat middelvlakbestuurders volg, sowel as die kerninstrumente wat hulle gebruik om korporatiewe strategieë uit te voer. ʼn Oorsig van kritieke literatuur is ook op elk van voormelde fokusgebiede onderneem. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat middelvlakbestuurders, in hulle waardetoevoegingsrol as kampvegters, sintetiseerders, fasiliteerders en toepassers, organisatoriese strategiese doelwitte vertolk, oordra en in dade omskakel. Die navorsing bevind ook dat kommunikasie en die beskikbaarheid van hulpbronne kerninstaatstellers is, terwyl stelsels, struktuur, beleid en kommunikasiekanale die kernprosesse is wat middelvlakbestuurders se doeltreffende inwerkingstelling van korporatiewe strategieë in die LAC onder beskouing beïnvloed. In dieselfde trant blyk hulpbronne – veral inligtingstegnologie, ʼn prestasiebestuurstelsel en wette – die kerninstrumente te wees. Die studie lewer egter ook teenstellende bewyse op dat sommige middelvlakbestuurders inderwaarheid ʼn waardeverminderingsrol speel, omdat hulle ontwrigtend optree en in roetinetake vasval. Hierdie navorsingstudie is hoogstens ondersoekend, met ʼn beperkte steekproef. Verdere navorsing is dus nodig om ʼn dieper insig in die verskillende rolle van middelvlakbestuurders en hulle invloed op die formulering en inwerkingstelling van strategie teenoor dié van top-/senior bestuurders te verkry. Aangesien die studie van ʼn gevallestudieontwerp gebruik maak, is die veralgemeenbaarheid van die bevindinge ook beperk tot die onderhawige LAC. Voorts, hoewel die studie 'n betroubare weergawe van die navorsingsdeelnemers se ervaringe probeer gee, kon verskeie faktore met die prosesse van billike datainsameling en datavertolking ingemeng het, wat persoonlike betrokkenheid by die onderwerp, vooronderstellings uit die literatuur, en vele aspekte met betrekking tot wisselwerking met navorsingsdeelnemers insluit. Die aangenome verhoudinge in die tematiese kaart moet dus deur middel van verdere navorsing bekragtig word. Die studie is van waarde vir die betrokke LAC, aangesien die topbestuur van die organisasie tans die organisatoriese strategiese doelwitte (visie, misie, strategiese fokuspunte en oogmerke) sonder veel oorleg met middelvlakbestuurders bepaal. Middelvlakbestuurders kon dus deur hierdie studie ook húlle menings lug, waaruit duidelik blyk dat daar ʼn gaping is tussen topbestuurders se agendabepaling en leierskap, en die waargenome rolle van middelvlakbestuurders. Doeltreffende strategieuitvoering verg egter deurlopende terugvoering oor, kommentaar op, en bevraagtekening van die strategie ten einde werklike begrip in die hand te werk. Middelvlakbestuurders het dus gelyk dat voortdurende gesprekvoering en wisselwerking met senior bestuurders nodig is om te verseker dat taktiese projekte op middelvlak in pas is met die topbestuur se gedagtes oor korporatiewe strategie.
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Williams, Juan-Pierre. "Assessing the independence and credibility of the national prosecuting authority." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7351.

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Magister Legum - LLM
Members of the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) are required to be dedicated to the rule of law. Yet, recent and past decision-making has caused instability in the functioning of the NPA. The decision to prosecute or not to prosecute involves the exercise of discretion. The NPAs use of this discretion has been called into question on numerous occasions which has resulted in the erosion of its independence and credibility. There are constitutional and legislative provisions in place to guide prosecutors in the decision-making process which allows for a measure of accountability. However, the link between prosecutorial independence and accountability for decision-making is not clear when looking at recent and past decisions by the National Directors of Public Prosecutions. Therefore, an evaluation of the instability in the office of the National Director of Public Prosecutions during the period of 1998-2018 will be discussed. The research discusses the unwarranted intrusion on prosecutorial decision-making. Furthermore, external interfering has resulted in the loss of public confidence in the functioning of the NPA. The administrative duties of prosecutors are guided by constitutional and legislative procedures. Hence, the research will identify whether these procedures are efficient for the effective administration of the NPA. Key to the already mentioned will be providing recommendations on how to create stability in an institution that has been surrounded by instability for the past 20 years.
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Behrendt, Silvia Katharina. "The international health regulations and the executive authority of the World Health Organization during public health emergencies of international concern /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000292640.

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Tošnerová, Monika. "Exekutivní dekrety v parlamentních systémech: případ Itálie." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201696.

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This thesis analyzes use of extraordinary legislative instruments with a special focus on executive decrees. Executive decrees are analyzed in terms of their theoretical definition and their practical use in connection with other executive and legislative powers. The main part of the study is dedicated to the case study which analyzes the frequent use of executive decrees in Italy. The aim of the thesis is to determine causes of this phenomenon, examine how the use of executive decrees affects the democratic functioning of parliamentary democracy, and to find general tendencies of use of executive decree power across different political systems. The study therefore contains also a comparative analysis of the Italian case with other chosen countries - Argentina, Brazil and Spain, whose constitutions also allow executive power to promulgate decrees.
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Calvert, Vanessa Yvonne. "Relationship between the executive and legislative authority in South Africa with reference to the role of the leader of government business in the legislative and oversight processes." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5177.

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Masters in Public Administration - MPA
The relationship between the executive and the legislature in South Africa is determined by the Constitution. The study focuses on the separation of powers in a single party-dominant system and examines the role of the Leader of Government Business in parliamentary processes. The Leader of Government Business is appointed by the President in terms of Section 91(4) of the Constitution. The role is outlined in the terms of National Assembly Rule (150), while the functions have been developed over time since 1994. Though an executive function an office in parliament was established to act as conduit between the executive and the legislature on matters relating to the legislative and oversight processes. The office mainly fulfills its role by monitoring government‟s legislative programme and ensuring that government‟s priorities are achieved. Over the past 15 years, the office of the LOGB has developed into one that performs a dual function supporting both the executive and the legislature. Parliament relies more and more on this office in executing its oversight responsibilities with regard to the functions of programming in ensuring the availability of the executive, tracking matters of executive compliance and tracking vacancies in institutions that support democracy. The study employed a combination of research methods. It used a desk top study approach by consulting relevant literature on the subject matter. Interviews were conducted with both politicians and relevant officials in the South African Parliament and the House of Commons in Britain to gauge their perceptions, knowledge and experiences in respect of the role of the executive and the legislature in the legislative and oversight processes. Reports of Portfolio and Select Committees on deliberations during the legislative and oversight processes were consulted.
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Books on the topic "Executive authority"

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Baylis, Thomas A. Presidents vs. prime ministers: Executive authority in Eastern Europe. Glasgow: Centre for the Study of Public Policy, University of Strathclyde, 1994.

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Authority, Tanzania-Zambia Railway. Revised 10-year development plan: Executive summary. [Dar es Salaam?]: The Authority, 1988.

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Cohen, Allan R. Influence without authority. Chichester: Wiley, 1991.

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Cohen, Allan R. Influence without authority. New York: Wiley, 1991.

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Cohen, Allan R. Influence without authority. New York: J. Wiley, 1990.

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Cohen, Allan R. Influence without authority. New York: J. Wiley, 1991.

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Bazan, Elizabeth B. Presidential authority to conduct warrantless electronic surveillance to gather foreign intelligence information. Washington, D.C: Congressional Research Service, 2006.

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Massachusetts. Executive Office of Communities and Development. Guidelines for the appointment of housing authority executive directors. Boston, Mass: Executive Office of Communities and Development, 1991.

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Presidential machismo: Executive authority, military intervention, and foreign relations. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 2000.

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Phadungath, Suwakhon. Thai government names: An authority listing. Sydney: Bibliographic Information on Southeast Asia, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Executive authority"

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Kubicek, Paul. "Executive authority in Europe." In European Politics, 147–76. Third edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003028758-5.

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Kubicek, Paul. "Executive authority in Europe." In European Politics, 173–202. Second edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ;: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315616919-6.

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MacMillan, Ken. "Petitions and Executive Authority." In The Atlantic Imperial Constitution, 113–41. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230339675_6.

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Ma, Ngok. "From Executive Dominance to Fragmented Authority: An Institutional and Political Analysis." In Hong Kong 20 Years after the Handover, 21–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51373-7_2.

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Johnson, Gbemende. "Gubernatorial Institutional Authority and Conflict: Executive-Judicial Relations in the United States." In The American Governor, 49–70. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137480675_4.

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Ebel, Carol S. "One Cause, One Purpose, One Nation: George Washington, the Whiskey Insurrection, and Executive Authority." In A Companion to George Washington, 447–70. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118219935.ch26.

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McCormack, Tara. "The Problem of the Royal Prerogative; Executive Authority in an Age of Decreasing Trust." In Britain’s War Powers, 19–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13682-6_2.

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OLMSTEAD, J. "Power and Authority." In Executive Leadership, 95–103. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-87719-369-2.50011-4.

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Hooton, Cornell G. "Legalism and Authority." In Executive Governance, 47–65. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315503653-3.

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Carey, John M., and Matthew Soberg Shugart. "Preface." In Executive Decree Authority, xi—xii. Cambridge University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511609305.001.

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Conference papers on the topic "Executive authority"

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Габазов, Тимур Султанович, and Айна Бислановна Сулейманова. "EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KIRIBATI." In Научные исследования в современном мире. Теория и практика: сборник избранных статей Всероссийской (национальной) научно-практической конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Ноябрь 2021). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/nitp322.2021.77.92.009.

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Проблемы исполнительной власти всегда находились в центре внимания юридической науки. Им посвящены сотни статей и книг. Тем временем теория государственного управления все еще не предложила законченных определений во многих вопросах. Не случайно понятие и сущность исполнительной власти являются в известной мере дискуссионными. Статья посвящена раскрытию полномочий и организации деятельности исполнительной власти в Республике Кирибати. Знание политической системы других государств, и в частности такого территориально сложного государства, вполне естественно может помочь в моделировании оптимальной системы вертикали власти и для отечественного государствоведения. The problems of the executive branch have always been at the center of attention of legal science. Hundreds of articles and books are devoted to them. In the meantime, government theory still has not offered complete definitions on many issues. It is no coincidence that the concept and essence of the executive branch are, to a certain extent, controversial. The article is devoted to the disclosure of the powers and organization of the activities of the executive branch in the Republic of Kiribati. Knowledge of the political system of other states, and in particular of such a territorially complex state, can quite naturally help in modeling the optimal system of the vertical of power for national state studies.
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Bolonha, Carlos, Igor de Lazari, Bernardo Zettel, and Camila Marques. "The Presidency and the Executive Branch: a philosophical approach to the parameters for interpretation and decision-making authority." In XXVI World Congress of Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy. Initia Via, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17931/ivr2013_wg172_02.

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Abdullah, Khamosh. "The impact of the absence of the constitution of the Kurdistan region on extending the term limits of the legislative and executive authority." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DEFICIENCIES AND INFLATION ASPECTS IN LEGISLATION. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicdial.pp123-140.

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Legislative and presidential power, and the center of the constitution in all political systems, after presidential elections. This period has been suspended for a long time. However, it is possible for the institutions that can do this, because there is a constitution in their vicinity, for the exemplary assembly that can be done by the institution that can do this easily, by opening the door to extension, what happened . Actually in the region. To do the constitution by the constitution
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McCready-Shea, S., F. E. Taylor, and J. Batt. "Experiences of Dealing With Environmental Statements for Nuclear Reactor Decommissioning Projects Under the EIA Directive." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4713.

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European Council Directive 85/337/EEC, as amended by Council Directive 97/11/EC, sets out a framework for the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment. It is known as the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Directive. The Directive is implemented in Great Britain (GB) for the dismantling or decommissioning of nuclear power stations and other nuclear reactor by the Nuclear Reactors (Environmental Impact Assessment for Decommissioning) Regulations 1999 (EIADR99). The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) is the competent authority for EIADR99 in GB, and has carried out public consultations on environmental statements that accompanied applications for consent to carry out decommissioning projects at two nuclear power stations in GB. HSE understands that these applications for consent are some of the first under the revised EIA Directive. HSE has developed a strategy for managing applications for consents under EIADR99. This strategy covers two main areas. The first area is public involvement, including identifying a large number of organisations in addition to the consultation bodies identified in the Regulations, providing information through the internet, and making responses to the consultation process publicly available. The second area is interfaces with legislation and Government policy, including town and country planning legislation, related health, safety and environment legislation, and decommissioning timetables. Experiences of implementing the strategy to deal with the environmental statements are described.
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Mohammed Ameen, Peshraw. "the presidential and the semi-presidential system." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DEFICIENCIES AND INFLATION ASPECTS IN LEGISLATION. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicdial.pp152-163.

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In this research we dealt with the aspects of the presidential system and the semi-presidential system, and he problematic of the political system in the Kurdistan Region. Mainly The presidential system has stabilized in many important countries, and the semi-presidential concept is a new concept that can be considered a mixture of parliamentary and presidential principles. One of the features of a semi-presidential system is that the elected president is accountable to parliament. The main player is the president who is elected in direct or indirect general elections. And the United States is a model for the presidential system, and France is the most realistic model for implementing the semi-presidential system. The French political system, which lived a long period under the traditional parliamentary system, introduced new adjustments in the power structure by strengthening the powers of the executive authority vis-à-vis Parliament, and expanding the powers of the President of the Republic. In exchange for the government while remaining far from bearing political responsibility, and therefore it can be said that the French system has overcome the elements of the presidential system in terms of objectivity and retains the elements of the parliamentary system in terms of formality, so it deserves to be called the semi-presidential system. Then the political system in the Kurdistan Region is not a complete parliamentary system, and it is not a presidential system in light of the presence of a parliament with powers. Therefore, the semi-presidential system is the most appropriate political system for this region, where disputes are resolved over the authority of both the parliament and the regional president, and a political system is built stable. And that because The presence of a parliamentary majority, which supports a government based on a strategic and stable party coalition, which is one of the current problems in the Kurdistan region. This dilemma can be solved through the semi-presidential system. And in another hand The impartiality of the head of state in the relationship with the government and parliament. The head of state, with some relations with the government, can participate in legislative competencies with Parliament.
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Davidov, Robin, Larry Plitch, and Chris Pollatos. "What’s Happening With Green Power Marketing and the Latest on Renewable Energy Credits: How Much Are They Worth and Who Owns Them?" In 11th North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec11-1663.

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The subject of the presentation is Green Power Marketing for Waste To Energy Facilities. Many WTE projects signed long term energy contracts under the rules of PURPA. Several projects signed short term agreements. In other cases, power contacts were sold or assigned by the original purchaser or the project voluntarily agreed to a buy out. In any case, power markets have changed and are continuing to change. One of the most significant changes is the deregulation of the electricity market. WTE projects are no longer required to sell power to a captive utility. While electricity continues to flow through the same transmission lines, those lines may be owned by a different entity than the power purchaser, and will certainly end up as a transaction cleared by the regional power grid. In addition to “energy” and “capacity”, power can be sold as “green” or “renewable” for additional revenues. WTE power can be sold to wholesale purchasers for resale. Some WTE owners are becoming licensed to sell retail power, or arranging to wheel power to the local government which owns the WTE facility. WTE owners and operators depend on energy revenues to offset capital and operating costs. It is critical to understand how power marketing works. Most importantly, it is incumbent on each WTE owner/operator to make sure that Renewable Portfolio Standards established on the State and Federal level include WTE as a defined and eligible source of power. In the absence of Federal legislation, each State may set its own rules and requirements. Furthermore, States can set a renewable energy requirement for its purchases of energy. The panelists will present clear examples of the above from three points of view: Mr. Larry Plitch is an attorney who spent many years with Wheelabrator, and now markets power for Wheelabrator and other WTE owners. Ms. Robin Davidov is the Executive Director of the Northeast Maryland Waste Disposal Authority in Baltimore, Maryland. The Authority developed and financed three WTE facilities in Maryland, and owns two of the facilities. Ms. Davidov has been managing power sales for ten years, and most recently negotiated an electricity sales agreement with Mirant Americas Energy Marketing, L.P. Mr. Chris Pollatos is a Director with Mirant, and will speak about his experience in purchasing power from WTE and other renewable sources as well as wholesale power sales, including the sale of Renewable Energy Credits.
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Bacon, Mick, Doug Ilett, and Andy Whittall. "Development of Joint Regulatory Guidance on the Management of Higher Activity Radioactive Wastes on Nuclear Licensed Sites." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16095.

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In 2006 the UK Governments response to recommendations by its Committee on Radioactive Waste Management (CoRWM) established, in England and Wales, that geological disposal, supported by safe and secure interim storage, is the preferred route for the long-term management of higher-activity radioactive waste (i.e. that which is not suitable for near-surface disposal). It also gave the responsibility for delivering the programme for a deep geological repository to the Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA). The Scottish Government has a policy of long term, near site, near surface safe and secure interim storage. To support the open and transparent approach promised by Government, the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), the Environment Agency and the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) are developing joint guidance on the management of higher-activity radioactive waste to explain regulatory objectives in securing safe and secure interim storage and the associated management of radioactive wastes. The guidance comes in two parts: • Guidance on the regulatory process; • Technical guidance modules. The guidance promotes a cradle to grave approach to radioactive waste management and by aligning the regulatory interests of environmental and safety regulators it delivers one of the Government’s “Better Regulation” objectives. This paper describes the process by which the joint guidance was produced with particular emphasis on stakeholder engagement. It describes the key features of the guidance, including the concept of the radioactive waste management case (RWMC). Finally the problems encountered with dissemination and implementation are discussed together with measures taken by the regulators to improve these aspects.
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Turanjanin, Veljko. "UNFORESEEABILITY AND ABUSE OF CRIMINAL LAW DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN SERBIA." In EU 2021 – The future of the EU in and after the pandemic. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/18305.

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The author deals with the problem of criminal measures and sanctions in the legislation of the Republic of Serbia during the Covid-19 pandemic. The executive branch of the government declared a state of emergency in the Republic of Serbia in March 2020. At the same time the so-called Crisis Headquarter was established with the authority to impose measures of criminal-legal nature. During the two-month state of emergency, through the Crisis Headquarter, the executive branch of the government was changing criminal laws and sanctions at an almost daily basis. It is debatable whether such laws meet the rule of law and the European Court of Human Rights standards. Many citizens failed to adapt their behavior to the imposed measures. On the one hand, the courts have fallen into the trap of double punishment, both for a crime and for a misdemeanor. On the other hand, justifications of the courts’ decisions are also questionable, especially those containing references to statements made by members of the crisis team through the media. Furthermore, the Constitutional Court didn’t rule on any of the numerous requests for constitutional review, but in September it came out with the view that since the state of emergency was over, its decision was unnecessary. The paper is comprised of several units. In the first place, the author explains the process of legal changes by analyzing all the laws and rules that were passed by the end of 2020, as well as data related to the punishment of residents whose behavior was not in accordance with existing legal solutions. Bearing in mind the standards of the rule of law and the European Court of Human Rights, the author then explains that the measures implemented by the Serbian authorities do not meet the basic required criteria, primarily the foreseeability of the law, as well as that the laws were abused for the purpose of the election campaign. The special attention is paid to curfews and the complete ban on leaving homes for senior citizens well as ban of contacting with the family members, and then the lockdown of the rest of the population. The actions taken by the authorities during the epidemic resulted in violation of human rights of their citizens, and experience shows that the only court that citizens will be able to turn to will be the European Court of Human Rights. The author believes that with this understanding of the law and respect for its own citizens, the European Union can only be a distant idea.
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Reeves, Nigel, Colette Grundy, Alex Sutherland, Gordon John, Cath Shaw, Lisa Green, and Ian Beadle. "On-Site Characterisation, Re-Packaging and Transport of Luminised, Former Aircraft Escape Hatches." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7289.

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AMEC NNC, under contract to the UK Environment Agency, recovered a number of redundant aircraft hatches from an insecure location in North Wales. The Environment Agency instigated emergency action under the Radioactive Substances Act 1993 (RSA93), (1), to recover the hatches. Section 30(1) of RSA93 gives the Environment Agency powers to dispose of radioactive waste where it is unlikely the waste will be lawfully disposed of. Funding for this project was provided by the UK Government, within the Surplus Source Disposal Programme. The Environment Agency worked closely with partner regulatory organisations including the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), the Department for Transport (DfT) and the Local Authority to ensure the safe packaging, removal and transport of the material to a part-shielded store pending final disposal. The project comprised a number of technical difficulties that needed to be overcome. These included poor existing characterisation of the waste, insecure premises requiring daily lockdown, construction of a temporary containment facility with associated filtered extract and the inclement weather. AMEC NNC’s initial risk assessment identified the likelihood of high levels of loose, airborne radiological material. In order to provide adequate protection for personnel, and to prevent the spread of any radioactive contamination, the decision was made to implement radiological containment and to equip contractors with appropriate RPE (Respiratory Protective Equipment). Accurate characterisation of the radiological nature of the material was a crucial objective within the project. This was in order to correctly identify the Proper Shipping Name for consignment for transport, and to ensure that suitable transport containers were used. The packaged wastes were then transported to a secure location for temporary storage prior to final disposal. An innovative route was identified for processing of this material. Beneficial recycling and re-use within the nuclear industry was the outcome.
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Biggs, Simon, Michael Fairweather, James Young, Robin W. Grimes, Neil Milestone, and Francis Livens. "The KNOO Research Consortium: Work Package 3—An Integrated Approach to Waste Immobilisation and Management." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16375.

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The Keeping the Nuclear Option Open (KNOO) research consortium is a four-year research council funded initiative addressing the challenges related to increasing the safety, reliability and sustainability of nuclear power in the UK. Through collaboration between key industrial and governmental stakeholders, and with international partners, KNOO was established to maintain and develop skills relevant to nuclear power generation. Funded by a research grant of £6.1M from the “Towards a Sustainable Energy Economy Programme” of the UK Research Councils, it represents the single largest university-based nuclear research programme in the UK for more than 30 years. The programme is led by Imperial College London, in collaboration with the universities of Manchester, Sheffield, Leeds, Bristol, Cardiff and the Open University. These universities are working with the UK nuclear industry, who contributed a further £0.4M in funding. The industry/government stakeholders include AWE, British Energy, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, the Environment Agency, the Health and Safety Executive, Doosan Babcock, the Ministry of Defence, Nirex, AMEC NNC, Rolls-Royce PLC and the UK Atomic Energy Authority. Work Package 3 of this consortium, led by the University of Leeds, concerns “An Integrated Approach to Waste Immobilisation and Management”, and involves Imperial College London, and the Universities of Manchester and Sheffield. The aims of this work package are: to study the re-mobilisation, transport, solid-liquid separation and immobilisation of particulate wastes; to develop predictive models for particle behaviour based on atomic scale, thermodynamic and process scale simulations; to develop a fundamental understanding of selective adsorption of nuclides onto filter systems and their immobilisation; and to consider mechanisms of nuclide leaving and transport. The paper describes highlights from this work in the key areas of multi-scale modeling (using atomic scale, thermodynamic and process scale models), the engineering properties of waste (linking microscopic and macroscopic behaviour, and transport and rheology), and waste reactivity (considering waste hosts and wasteforms, generation IV wastes, and waste interactions).
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Reports on the topic "Executive authority"

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Cekuta, Robert F. Working Out the Tensions: Fast Track Authority as a Study in Executive/Congressional Cooperation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada440644.

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Tyson, Paul. Sovereignty and Biosecurity: Can we prevent ius from disappearing into dominium? Mέta | Centre for Postcapitalist Civilisation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55405/mwp3en.

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Drawing on Milbank and Agamben, a politico-juridical anthropology matrix can be drawn describing the relations between ius and bios (justice and political life) on the one hand and dominium and zoe (private power and ‘bare life’) on the other hand. Mapping movements in the basic configurations of this matrix over the long sweep of Western cultural history enable us to see where we are currently situated in relation to the nexus between politico-juridical authority (sovereignty) and the emergency use of executive State powers in the context of biosecurity. The argument presented is that pre-19th century understandings of ius and bios presupposed transcendent categories of Justice and the Common Good that were not naturalistically defined. The very recent idea of a purely naturalistic naturalism has made distinctions between bios and zoe un-locatable and civic ius is now disappearing into a strangely ‘private’ total power (dominium) over the bodies of citizens, as exercised by the State. The very meaning of politico-juridical authority and the sovereignty of the State is undergoing radical change when viewed from a long perspective. This paper suggests that the ancient distinction between power and authority is becoming meaningless, and that this loss erodes the ideas of justice and political life in the Western tradition. Early modern capitalism still retained at least the theory of a Providential moral order, but since the late 19th century, morality has become fully naturalized and secularized, such that what moral categories Classical economics had have been radically instrumentalized since. In the postcapitalist neoliberal world order, no high horizon of just power –no spiritual conception of sovereignty– remains. The paper argues that the reduction of authority to power, which flows from the absence of any traditional conception of sovereignty, is happening with particular ease in Australia, and that in Australia it is only the Indigenous attempt to have their prior sovereignty –as a spiritual reality– recognized that is pushing back against the collapse of political authority into mere executive power.
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Ayala, David, Ashley Graves, Colton Lauer, Henrik Strand, Chad Taylor, Kyle Weldon, and Ryan Wood. Flooding Events Post Hurricane Harvey: Potential Liability for Dam and Reservoir Operators and Recommendations Moving Forward. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.floodingpostharvey.

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When Hurricane Harvey hit the Texas coast as a category 4 hurricane on August 25, 2017, it resulted in $125 billion in damage, rivaling only Hurricane Katrina in the amount of damage caused. It also resulted in the deaths of 88 people and destroyed or damaged 135,000 homes. Much of that devastation was the result of flooding. The storm dumped over 27 trillion gallons of rain over Texas in a matter of days. Some parts of Houston received over 50 inches of rainfall. The potential liability that dam and reservoir operators may face for decisions they make during storm and flooding events has now become a major concern for Texas citizens and its elected officials. Law suits have now been instituted against the federal government for its operation of two flood control reservoirs, as well as against the San Jacinto River Authority for its operation of a water supply reservoir. Moreover, the issues and concerns have been placed on the agenda of a number of committees preparing for the 2019 Texas legislative session. This report reviews current dam and reservoir operations in Texas and examines the potential liability that such operators may face for actions and decisions taken in response to storm and flooding events. In Section III, the report reviews dam gate operations and differentiates between water supply reservoirs and flood control reservoirs. It also considers pre-release options and explains why such actions are disfavored and not recommended. In Section IV, the report evaluates liabilities and defenses applicable to dam and reservoir operators. It explains how governmental immunity can limit the exposure of state and federally-run facilities to claims seeking monetary damages. It also discusses how such entities could be subject to claims of inverse condemnation, which generally are not subject to governmental immunity, under Texas law as well as under the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. In addition, the Section discusses negligence and nuisance claims and concludes that plaintiffs asserting either or both of these claims will have difficulty presenting successful arguments for flooding-related damage and harm against operators who act reasonably in the face of storm-related precipitation. Finally, Section V offers recommendations that dam and reservoir operators might pursue in order to engage and educate the public and thereby reduce the potential for disputes and litigation. Specifically, the report highlights the need for expanded community outreach efforts to engage with municipalities, private land owners, and the business community in flood-prone neighborhoods both below and above a dam. It also recommends implementation of proactive flood notification procedures as a way of reaching and alerting as many people as possible of potential and imminent flooding events. Finally, the report proposes implementation of a dispute prevention and minimization mechanism and offers recommendations for the design and execution of such a program.
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