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1
Bélanger-Gravel, Ariane. "Les déterminants de l'intention de pratiquer régulièrement des activités physiques chez les élèves de cinquième année du primaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23896/23896.pdf.
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Correia, José Alberto. "Interaction entre l'institution et l'innovation dans la titularisation en exercice au Portugal." Tese, Bordeaux 2, 1987. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/42375.
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Correia, José Alberto. "Interaction entre l'institution et l'innovation dans la titularisation en exercice au Portugal." Doctoral thesis, Bordeaux 2, 1987. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/42375.
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Vachon, Véronique. "L'activité physique chez les adolescents : le rôle du contexte social, des aspirations et des ressources motivationnelles." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26505/26505.pdf.
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Kairouz, Kaissar. "Hyperventilation et exercice de sprint prolongé : conséquences sur la performance." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987444.
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Dans ce travail nous nous sommes centré sur les effets d'une hyperventilation volontaire (alcalose respiratoire) sur la fatigue lors d'un sprint prolongé. Il s'agit de mesurer les effets d'une augmentation pré exercice du pH lors de type d'exercice anaérobique. Dans un premier temps, sept sujets ont réalisé le test de Wingate, soit dans des conditions normales, soit après six cycles inspiration/expiration maximaux réalisés en 30 secondes (HV). Les échanges gazeux étaient mesurés en cycle à cycle durant tout le test. Les performances pic mesurées n'ont pas différées significativement entre les deux tests, en revanche, l'index de fatigabilité a été supérieur lorsque le test fut réalisé après une hyperventilation. Lors d'une seconde étude, 11 sujets ont réalisé le test de Wingate soit dans des conditions normales soit 1 minute après avoir réalisé une hyperventilation de 30 secondes. L'hyperventilation a entrainé une diminution significative de la pression partielle en CO2 dans l'air de fin d'expiration (PETCO2) en dessous de 30 mmHg suggérant une baisse significative du pH sanguin. Cependant, la puissance pic, la puissance moyenne et la contribution aérobie n'étaient pas significativement différentes entre les deux tests. Enfin, lors d'une dernière étude, nous avons recruté 9 nageurs de bon niveau, pour effectuer un 50m crawl ce soit dans des conditions normales ou bien après une HV suivie de 30 secondes de récupération passive. Dans cette étude, la vitesse moyenne de nage sur 50m crawl était significativement plus élevée dans lesconditions HV comparées aux conditions normales. Le nombre de cycles respiratoire enregistrés durant chaque course était significativement inférieur dans les conditions HV. Nous avons ainsi pu conclure qu'une hyperventilation volontaire maximale pré exercice peut significativement augmenter les performances de nageurs de bon niveau lors d'un 50m crawl
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Sherman, Misty. "Exercise preference and social identity." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/748.
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Diehl, Nancy S. (Nancy Sue). "A Longitudinal Investigation of Different Exercise Modalities on Social Physique Anxiety." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278207/.
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The current study examined if students' levels of social physique anxiety vary depending on the type of exercise setting they select. The study determined the degree to which social physique anxiety changed over the course of semester-long involvements in different exercise settings.
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Flood, Karen R. "The process of shaping self through regular physical exercise among women : a grounded theory." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0017/NQ56542.pdf.
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Bindarwish, Jamal. "Social physique anxiety and exercise setting preferences among college students in a required PEFWL course." Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1164844.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect Social Physique Anxiety (SPA) levels have on college students' preferences for different exercise settings. Those exercise settings included exercising with people of same gender, exercising with people who were physically fit, and exercising with people of similar body shapes. In addition, the study investigated the role of gender concerning these exercise setting preferences. Furthermore, this study examined the relationship between SPA levels and students' preferences for different type of physical fitness activities and their perceived physical fitness (PPF). A sample of 375 undergraduate male and female students at Ball State University were selected using a purposeful sampling procedure. The participants were enrolled in the coeducational Physical Education Fitness/Wellness course (PEFWL) during spring 2000 semester. During a scheduled class, the participants completed a 35item questionnaire which assessed SPA levels, PPF, and other items related to exercise setting.In this study, male participants were significantly higher in PPF than female participants, whereas female participants were significantly higher in SPA than male participants. To address the five research hypotheses, logistic and multiple regression analyses were used (p<.05). Both SPA and gender were significant predictors of participants' preference for exercising with people of same gender, participants' preference for exercising with people physically fit, and participants' preference for exercising with people of same body shape. Gender significantly predicated the preference of participating in the physical activity groups of physical conditioning and swimnastics/fitness swimming. Finally, SPA was the only significant predicator (p<.001) of participants' PPF. Based on the results of this study, SPA played a critical role in college-age students' exercise setting preferences. Students' self-presentational concerns about their physiques being negatively evaluated by others may indeed influence their exercise setting preferences.School of Physical Education
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Edjenguèlè, Mbonji. "Le jeu dans l'univers culturel camerounais : contribution à une analyse des pratiques ludiques traditionnelles comme exercices initiatiques." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070065.
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L'objectif de ce travail est d'etudier les jeux traditionnels negro-africains a partir d'une hypothese trifonctionnelle a savoir : - la fonction epistemologique a volets manifeste et hermetique. - la fonction de mime ou de prefiguration d'institution (s) autres (s). - la fonction diacritique par laquelle les ludemes fonctionnent comme des structures dynamiques de diagnose et de semantique. S'appuyant sur un corpus d'une soixantaine de jeux du cameroun et d'ailleurs, servi par une methode de lecture endogene des ludemes, notre argumentaire conclut que replace dans l'architecture du savoir africain, le jeu devient artifice pedagogique, ruse de la raison sociale, texte oral et ou gestuel ou les peuples dits "sans ecriture" ont consigne leur savoir social et vitalThe purpose of this work is to analyse traditional african games according to a three functional hypothesis : - the epistemological function with two aspects : one of slight knowledge, the other showing games with deep messages. - the diacritical function by which games show their sociocultural origines. - the imitating function by which games gestualise institution. Finally, games in traditional africa, seem to be archives where the so-called "primitive peoples" have classified their science
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Brunet, Jennifer. "Social physique anxiety and physical activity among adolescents : a self-determination theory perspective." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112327.
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This study examined the relationships between social physique anxiety (SPA) and physical activity and sedentary behaviours among older adolescents. The research was grounded in self-determination theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 1985). Three hundred and eighty one males and females completed scientifically-supported questionnaires. Multivariate and univariate analyses of variance revealed that male adolescents reported lower SPA and higher competence, relatedness, self-determined motivation, and physical activity levels compared to females. Regression analyses supported the integration of SPA in SDT, and the main tenets of SDT were maintained. Specifically, the basic psychological needs were important correlates of motivation, and motivation was a positive correlate of PA behaviour and a negative, albeit weak, correlate of sedentary behaviour. Collectively, these findings suggest that SPA experiences can be understood within a motivational framework that explains the functional role played by SPA on health behaviour.
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Alvarez, Ana. "The Effects of a Psychosocial Environment on College Women’s Exercise Regulations and Social Physique Anxiety." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc799470/.
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A positive psychosocial intervention comprised of high autonomy support, task-involvement, and caring was implemented in physical activity classes to examine its effects on college women’s basic psychological needs (i.e. autonomy, competence, relatedness), exercise regulations (i.e. external, introjected, identified, integrated, intrinsic) and social physique anxiety (SPA). We hypothesized that at the end of the semester, participants in the intervention group (N = 73) would report greater need satisfaction, more self-determined regulations and less SPA than participants in the non-intervention group (N = 60). At T1 and T2, both the intervention and non-intervention participants reported “agreeing” with experiencing an autonomy supportive, task-involving, and caring environment. Furthermore, both groups at T1 and T2 reported moderate SPA. No significant group differences were found at T1. At T2, significant group differences were observed in the intervention and non-intervention groups’ report of external regulation and intrinsic regulation. The results suggests that group exercise instructors are capable of creating a positive psychosocial environment to enhance students’ intrinsic motivation.
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Lombard, David Neubauer. "Improving exercise adoption : the effects of social support, personalized goal setting and feedback and prompting in a community walking program /." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-145000/.
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Wong, Tung-kwong. "Aspects of habitual physical activity in Hong Kong primary school children /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20263466.
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Lee, Heesu. "Effects of Levels of Physical Activity on Physical Self-Concept and Social Physique Anxiety Among College Students." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2012. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2760.
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Physical activity plays a crucial role in contributing to psychological stability regarding physical concept. However, the evidence for showing the association between levels of physical activity and the psychological state has not been closed to focus on college students. This study was to examine the importance of physical activity by investigating the effects of different levels of physical activity on physical self-concept and social physique anxiety among college students. This study used a secondary data set approved by Institutional Review Board, and obtained a written permission and approval for data use. The data set used for this study was not previously analyzed and published. A total of 238 participants (99 males and 139 females) were 4-year comprehensive university students in Southern California. Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Scale (GLTES), Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ), and Social Physique Anxiety Scale- 7(SPA-7) were used to analyze levels of physical activity, physical self-concept, and social physique anxiety, respectively. The SPSS version 19 was used to analyze the data for the purpose of this study. Results showed that there were statistically significant differences in physical self-concept and social physique anxiety among the levels of physical activity. There were statistically negative correlations between social physique anxiety and physical self-concept.
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Petersson, Khaliah. "Exercise, self-perceptions and mood during pregnancy." University of Western Australia. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0049.
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The general purpose of this research was to investigate physical activity levels as a correlate of selected aspects of psychological health among pregnant women. Specifically, the aims of the study were (1) to provide a cross-sectional description of changes in physical self-concept, mood, and perceived stress during pregnancy; (2) to evaluate physical activity patterns of pregnant women over time during pregnancy; and (3) to determine if there is a difference between physical activity and physical self-concept, mood, perceived stress and/or burnout symptoms during pregnancy. Participants were pregnant women from various antenatal clinics at King Edward Memorial Hospital. The women completed a questionnaire package containing questions on physical activity levels and measures of physical self-concept, social physique anxiety, perceived stress, mood and burnout symptoms. A series of ANOVAs was used to provide a descriptive profile of how these psychological variables change during the course of pregnancy. Significant time-related differences were found for the perceived health subscale of the PSDQ and the tension subscale for the BRUMS. Findings also suggested a significant association between physical activity, and physical self-perceptions, most importantly self-esteem. Higher levels of physical activity were also found to be closely related to positive mood states, lower levels of perceived stress and fewer burnout symptoms. No significant association was found between physical activity and social physique anxiety.
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Lee, Lok-chun Janet, and 李樂真. "The effects of socio-economic status on physical activity participation in Hong Kong adolescents: asocial ecological approach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47849812.
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Motivations: Socio-economic status (SES) is a major source of health disparities. Those
who lived in resource-deficient social and physical environments and with low individual
income have been found to be at increased risk of physical inactivity. In Hong Kong there
is virtually no research on the effect of SES on adolescent physical activity (PA). It is
therefore important to explore the SES differentials in PA among Hong Kong adolescents
and identify the mechanisms underlying such differentials. It is also important to examine
the extent to which SES acts as a moderator and mediator of associations between various
potential determinants of adolescent PA.
Methods: A hundred eighty-one adolescents aged 12-18 were recruited in the study. This
study applied an ecological framework to study the SES effects on adolescents’ PA
participation. Physical activity was measured both objectively using accelerometers and
subjectively using self-reports. Individual, social and school environment factors were
assessed by validated self-report measures. Neighborhood built environmental factors
were assessed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data. Individual-level SES
was based on parents’ report of monthly household income, while area-level SES was
based on census data on median household income of selected study neighborhoods.
Generalized linear models with robust standard errors were used to assess associations of
individual, social and environmental factors with adolescents’ PA. They were also used
to assess the moderating of SES and mediators of SES-PA relationships.
Results: The results supported the hypothesis that individual, social and environmental
factors would all contribute to the explanation of adolescents’ PA. Moderation analyses
showed that the PA level of adolescents living in low SES areas might have been
negatively affected by the presence of steep streets in the neighborhood environment and
the lack of sports facilities. These effects were not observed in adolescents living in high
SES areas. In contrast, only adolescents living in high-SES areas showed positive
associations of school-based social support and school PA-related environment with PA.
Mediation analyses showed that SES differences in adolescents PA participation could be
explained by social support from family and access to sports/recreational facilities
in/around the school.
Significance: The current findings would imply that environmental interventions at the
neighborhood level might benefit low-SES groups of adolescents as they seem to be more
influenced by aspects of the neighborhood environment. By contrast, high-SES
adolescents might be more reactive to school-based environmental interventions. To
narrow the SES gap in PA participation among Hong Kong adolescents, interventions
should encourage low-SES families to provide more support to their children by
widening the available range of opportunities for PA, encouraging their children to
participate in PA, and acting as role models. The findings from this study also suggest
that the provision of more PA facilities in/around school neighborhood in low-SES areas
could contribute to increasing PA participation among the adolescent population of such
areas and, thus, narrow the gap between high- and low-SES groups of adolescents.published_or_final_version
Human Performance
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Fung, Wai-yee Francesca, and 馮慧儀. "Physical activity patterns and their determinants in adolescent girls in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31962968.
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Rosario, Douglas Paul. "Compliance behavior in physical therapy home programs." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1658.
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Olachnovitch, Vonya. "The transtheoretical model of behavior change and social physique anxiety among middle school physical education students." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1217389.
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There is a need to look at the determinants of exercise behavior in adolescents, as there is a large deficit of research concerning this population. The purpose of this study was to examine Social Physique Anxiety (SPA) and the body shape of adolescents participating in a semester of physical education class. A secondary purpose was to create general profiles by combining the SPA information and the Transtheoretical Model (TM) of behavior change. Middle school students (N= 374) participated by completing a regularly scheduled physical education class and completing the Exercise Behavior Change Survey (which assessed Body Shape, SPA and TM) pre and post semester. The study revealed participation in class had no effect on SPA levels or Body Shape scores, nor did the study reveal any gender differences with these two concepts. Concerning the TM, SPA may not be a factor for progressing through the stages of change, although it may effect which processes were utilized and how one identifies the pros and cons of exercising. The Social Physique Anxiety Scale only reached an alpha of .50, possibly contributing to the lack of relationship between SPA and TM.School of Physical Education
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Caudroit, Johan. "Les déterminants psychologiques de l'engagement dans une activité physique : contribution à une extension des modèles sociocognitifs des comportements de santé." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA113002.
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La pratique d"une AP est associée à de nombreux bienfaits physiques, psychologiques, et sociaux. Cependant, seulement 42. 5% des français pratiquent un niveau d"AP suffisant pour induire des bénéfices pour la santé. Ce travail doctoral s"intéresse, par conséquent, aux raisons [qui] poussent les individus à s"engager ou ne pas s"engager dans une AP. La littérature s"est, plus particulièrement, basée sur le modèles sociocognitifs afin d"identifier les processus psychologiques sous tendant l''adoption de comportements de santé tels que l' AP. Cependant, ces modèles n"intègrent pas, dans leur formulation initiale, les facteurs qui peuvent influencer les variables qu"ils définissent. En se basant sur l' APAFS (Schwarzer, 1992), ce travail a pour objectif d"identifier les facteurs qui influenceraient les patterns de prédiction de l'AP. Il met en évidence que les patterns de prédiction de l'AP varient en fonction de l' âge chronologique et du contexte de la retraite (étude 1). L' âge subjectif contribue au sentiment d' efficacité personnelle et aux intentions de pratiquer une AP (étude 2). De plus, la pratique d"une AP est déterminée par la passion envers le travail et le conflit travail/famille (étude 3). Plus précisément, le conflit travail/famille contribue au sentiment d"efficacité personnelle et aux intentions de pratiquer une AP (étude 4). Enfin, le Caractère Consciencieux contribue aux variables sociocognitives de la phase motivationnelle de l' APAFS, i. E. Le sentiment d' efficacité personnelle, les expectations des conséquences et la perception des risques (étude 5). Ce projet contribue donc à étendre l' APAFS et, plus généralement, les modèles sociocognitifs et apporte, par conséquent, des éléments de compréhension des déterminants psychologiques de l''APPhysical activity is associated with many physical, psychological and social health benefits. However, only 42. 5% of French are engaged in a sufficient level of PA to induce health gains. Consequently, this dissertation focuses on the reasons why people engage or not engage in PA. The literature has mainly based on social cognition models to identify psychological processes underlying the adoption of health behaviors such as PA. However, these models do not integrate, in their original formulation, factors that could influence the variables that they define. Based on the HAPA (Schwarzer, 1992), this doctoral project aims to identify factors that could influence the patterns of PA prediction. It highlights that the patterns of PA prediction vary depending on chronological age and context of retirement (study 1). Subjective age contributes to self-efficacy and intentions to perform PA (study 2). Moreover, the participation in PA is determined by passion toward work and work/family conflict (study 3). More precisely, work/family conflict aIso contributes to PA self-effïcacy and PA intentions (study 4). Finally, Conscientiousness predicts social cognitive variables, described in the motivational phase of the HAPA, i. E. Self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and risk perception (study 5). Overall, this project contributes to extend the HAPA and, more generally, social cognition models and provides a better comprehension of psychological processes underlying PA participation
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Westlake, Steven James. "The effects of two weight training modes on selected flexibility measures in college age students." Scholarly Commons, 1990. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2195.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different strength training modes on joint range of motion. The problem of the study was to compare Nautilus to free-weight training modes in terms of selected joints' ranges of motion before and after an eight-week strength training program. The hypothesis asserted was that there was no difference between pre-test and post-test scores when comparing Nautilus to free-weight training modes. Subjects were thirty college-age students enrolled in beginning weight-training classes at the University of the Pacific. The subjects were acquired from intact classes and comprised two groups of 9 males and 6 females each. Pre-test and post-test flexibility measures were acquired by use of a Leighton Flex-o-meter and sit-and-reach protocols. Single joint measures of shoulder flexion, extension and abduction, hip flexion, extension and abduction, elbow flexion, knee flexion, and low back flexion were acquired. For eight weeks, two times per week, each class completed an 8 to 12 repetitions per each exercise protocol following the principles of training asserted by Nautilus. Pre-test data for all bilateral joints were statistically analyzed with paired t-tests in order to determine any differences. No significant bilateral differences were found; consequently, these data were converted to eight single measures of average range of motion of the joints respectively. Pretest data then were analyzed with two-factor ANOV A (group x gender) in order to determine if the two intact classes initially represented the same population. The only measure in which a group difference was found was shoulder extension (p
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Teakle, Helen. "Physical activity, weight change, and self-perception changes among obese individuals." University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0073.
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The primary purpose of this research was to investigate relationships between physical activity participation, weight change, and selfreports of social physique anxiety, physical self-concept and health-related quality of life. A secondary purpose was to investigate personality as a mediator of self-perceptions and quality of life beliefs following obesity surgery. Two studies with differing methodologies were conducted. The first study was a cross-sectional survey of patients who had participated in a multi-component clinical weight-loss program involving a combination of physical activity, diet modification, and drug therapy. The second study was a longitudinal investigation of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding patients. Amount of weight lost was not found to be related to changes in social physique anxiety, physical self-concept or health-related quality of life. However, physical activity levels were found to be an important predictor of improvements in physical self-concept and health-related quality of life amongst clinical weight loss patients, but not surgical patients. Improvements over time with respect to social physique anxiety, physical self-concept and health-related quality of life were observed amongst all participants who underwent LABG. Personality factors, whilst not predicting changes over time in social physique anxiety, physical self-concept or health-related quality of life, discriminated between two types of obese adults presenting for obesity surgery. Future research could be undertaken to determine if long-term outcomes differ for these two types of patients.
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Wong, Tai-yuen Albert, and 黃大元. "A study of cognition in context: the composing strategies of advanced writers in an academic context." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242443.
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Mota, Douglas. "O aspecto espacial da hipótese de incidência." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2009. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8748.
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Previous issue date: 2009-10-07Supported by the bibliography presented at the end of this paper, this study aims to analyze the spatial aspect contained in the tax juridical rule. Within this context, it is mandatory to examine the Constitution, in particular the distribution of tax competences, insofar as we intend to demonstrate that, by describing the materiality that may be possibly reached by the laws that create taxes, the Federal Constitution prevents conflicts between the units that form the Brazilian federation, therefore this matter is not at the mercy of rules of lower hierarchy, as there will be no room for fictions that may distort the constitutional delimitations. A different situation is that of international multiple taxation, and because it occurs in other plane, that of sovereignty of the States, it cannot be mediated by the Constitution of one of them. These requisites ─ presented in the first part of this paper, with no prior criticism of dissenting views (although put to test) ─ will suit the purpose of the final part of this study, i.e., the analysis of the rules that introduce the taxes within the authority of the Federal Government, the States and the Cities. At the end, it will be possible to find that the worries that gave rise to this study are dispelled to the extent that we conclude that the Federal Constitution limited the field of action of the taxing authorities and does not allow them to push the limits of their ruling spaces
Apoiado nos referenciais bibliográficos indicados ao final deste trabalho, o presente estudo tem como objetivo a análise do aspecto espacial contido na norma jurídico tributária. Neste contexto, se mostra mandatório debruçar-se sobre o texto constitucional, em especial a distribuição das competências tributárias, uma vez que se pretende demonstrar que ao descrever a materialidade possível de ser alcançada pelas leis instituidoras de tributos, a Constituição Federal evita conflitos entre os entes formadores da federação brasileira, não ficando, portanto, à mercê das normas de inferior hierarquia, já que não cede espaço para as ficções que possam desvirtuar as delimitações constitucionais. Situação diferente é o caso da pluritributação internacional, a qual por se dar em outro plano, o da soberania dos Estados nacionais, não aceita a mediação do texto constitucional de um deles. Estes pressupostos apresentados na primeira parte deste trabalho, sem censura prévia a visões discordantes (porém, colocadas à prova) servirão ao propósito da parte derradeira do estudo, qual seja, a análise das normas instituidoras dos tributos de competência da União, Estados e Municípios. Ao final, será possível constatar que as inquietações que originaram este estudo se desfazem, na medida em que se conclui que a Constituição Federal delimitou o campo de atuação dos entes tributantes, não permitindo que extrapolem seus respectivos espaços normativos
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Perkins, Scott. "Self-Regulation and Physical Activity in WKU Employees." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1233.
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Many Americans do not engage in the recommended amount of physical activity, and thus do not receive the potential physical and mental health benefits from physical activity. Stage of change is a model that categorizes individuals into one of five stages based on behavior and intentions for future behavior. This model is useful for promoting physical activity because it allows for tailoring of interventions to individuals with different physical activity levels and readiness for change. The main purpose of this research was to test if more adaptive scores for Essential Self-Regulation Model (ESRM) constructs are found for persons in higher stages of change. Analyses included 96 Western Kentucky University faculty and staff to test the hypothesis that as stage of change increases, the more adaptive the scores will be in regard to the ESRM constructs, including: self-determination (i.e., subtypes of motivation), self-efficacy, attributions, goal setting, strategy use, and self-monitoring. The results supported this hypothesis for intrinsic, integrated, and identified subtypes of motivation, cost, self-efficacy, and goal setting. Constructs that were not significant but had results in the hypothesized direction were introjected and amotivated subtypes of motivation, strategy use, and selfmonitoring. Attribution scores resulted in the opposite of the hypothesized direction. Conclusions, limitations, implications, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Kuttler, Guillaume. "Corporéité des seniors, pluralité des demandes sociales et propriétés socio-culturelles." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG022.
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Les seniors n'auraient que récemment brisé le « tabou de la jeunesse» (Rochefort, 2004) et ne semblent de facto, plus exclus des pratiques physiques et corporelles. Ainsi , l''augmentation croissante de leur groupe d'âge (Richet-Mastain, 2007), réinterroge les problématiques autour de la corporéité de l'individu vieillissant, de son rapport à l'activité physique mais aussi à son corps de manière générale. L'étude du senior et de sa corporéité, définie par l'« ensemble des traits concrets du corps comme être social » (Berthelot, 1983), constitue un objet de recherche relativement nouveau dans l'horizon de la sociologie contemporaine, et permet d'aborder scientifiquement la complexité du lien que nourrissent les pratiques corporelles avec ce groupe pluriel d'individus portant fréquemment « les stigmates de l'âge » (Lebreton , 2006). De par les enjeux déterminants induits par ce groupe social, et la diversité manifeste de ces mêmes seniors, cette interrogation sur leur corporéité prend de par sa réalité démographique et sociale, toute sa complexité mais aussi toute sa légitimité. Quelles sont alors les raisons de pratiques, et les motivations réelles des seniors s'adonnant à des pratiques corporelles ? Leur corporéité est-elle alors, subie ou choisie ? Quelles sont leurs demandes corporelles et quels sens donnent t-ils à ces dernières ?Seniors would have only recently broke the "taboo of Youth" (Rochefort, 2004) and seem to excluded from the more physical and bodily practices. Thus, the increasing of their age group (Richet-Mastain , 2007), re-examines the issues surrounding the corporeality of the aging individual, its relation to physical activity , but also to the body in general. The study's senior and his corporeality, defined by "all concrete features of the body as a social being" (Berthelot, 1983) is a relatively new research topic in the horizon of contemporary sociology, and allows to address the complexity of the scientific link nourish body practices with this group of individuals carrying plural frequently "the stigma of age" (Lebreton , 2006). Due to the critical issues arising from this social group, and the apparent diversity of these seniors, this question takes on their corporeality because of its demographic and social reality, its complexity but also its legitimacy . What then are the reasons for practices and the real motivations of seniors engaged in bodily practices ? Their physicality is it then suffered or chosen ? What are their personal demands and what meaning do they give them ?
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Harris-Ramsby, Fiona Jane. "The Habermas/Foucault debate: Implications for rhetoric and composition." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3277.
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This thesis sheds light on (1) the extent to which composition has fallen short in its efforts to examine Habermasian discourse in the public sphere/politicized classroom; and (2) whether, through a careful and explicit exploration of the Habermas/Foucault debate and the competing concepts of discourse contained therein, we might make use of those concepts in the politicized classroom to inform student writing in the public sphere.
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Ramadas, Sílvio de Castro. "Aspectos psicológicos do doping no desporto-atitudes dos jovens entre os 16 e os 18 anos." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTL-Universidade Técnica de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29509.
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Manneville, Florian. "Comportement alimentaire, activité physique, sédentarité et inégalités sociales de santé à l’adolescence." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0128.
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Contexte : A l’adolescence, plus le statut socioéconomique (SSE) des individus est élevé, meilleur est leur état de santé et traduit l’existence d’inégalités sociales de santé. Ces inégalités pourraient s’expliquer par une inégale répartition des modes de vie comme l’activité physique (AP), le comportement sédentaire (CS) et le comportement alimentaire (CA) en fonction du SSE des adolescents. Les liens entre les modes de vie et les inégalités sociales de santé sont encore mal connus à l’adolescence. Objectifs : Cette thèse visait à analyser les liens entre les modes de vie et les inégalités sociales de santé à l’adolescence à travers trois objectifs : 1) décrire les modes de vie et leurs répartitions en fonction du milieu social des adolescents, 2) évaluer l’efficacité d’une intervention de santé publique sur la réduction des inégalités sociales de santé à l’adolescence, 3) mesurer et quantifier les effets médiateurs des modes de vie sur les inégalités sociales de santé à l’adolescence. Méthodes : Pour répondre à ces objectifs, les données de deux essais de prévention du surpoids et de l’obésité à l’adolescence ont été utilisées : PRALIMAP (PRomotion de l’ALImentation et de l’Activité Physique) et PRALIMAP-INES (INEgalités de Santé). L’AP et le CS ont été mesurés en utilisant l’auto-questionnaire « International Physical Activity Questionnaire » et le CA avec un questionnaire de fréquence alimentaire. Le SSE a été défini à l’aide de l’Indice de Position Sociale des Elèves et du « Family Affluence Scale ». Les analyses statistiques réalisées comprenaient des modèles de régression linéaire, mixte et logistique et une analyse des transitions latentes. Résultats : Les adolescents de faibles SSE pratiquaient moins d’AP et avaient une alimentation moins équilibrée que ceux de SSE plus élevés. Globalement, le CS n’était pas associé au SSE des adolescents. Des inégalités sociales de corpulence et de qualité de vie ont été révélées. Il n’a pas été mis en évidence qu’une intervention universelle permettait de réduire les inégalités sociales de corpulence. Des effets médiateurs des comportements dans l’association entre le SSE et l’état de santé ont été suggérés. Conclusions : Ces résultats soulignent l’importance de la prise en compte le milieu social des adolescents pour réduire les inégalités sociales de santé à cette période de la vie. Les comportements apparaissent comme des leviers importants de réduction des inégalités sociales de santéBackground: During adolescence, the higher the socio-economic status (SES), the better the health status is and reflects the existence of social inequalities in health. These inequalities could be explained by the unequal distribution of lifestyles such as physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and dietary behaviour (DB) according to adolescents’ SES. The associations between lifestyles and social inequalities in health are unclear among adolescents. Objectives: This thesis aimed to analyze the associations between lifestyles and social inequalities in health during adolescence through three objectives: 1) to describe lifestyles and their distribution according to adolescents’ SES, 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of a public health intervention on the reduction of social inequalities in health among adolescents, and 3) to measure and quantify the mediating effects of lifestyles on social inequalities in health among adolescents. Methods: To address these objectives, data from two trials aimed at preventing overweight and obesity among adolescents were used: PRALIMAP (PRomotion de l’ALImentation et de l’Activité Physique) and PRALIMAP-INES (PRALIMAP-INEgalités de Santé). PA, SB were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and DB using a food frequency questionnaire. SES was defined using the Social Position Index of Students and the Family Affluence Scale. Statistical analyses included linear, mixed and logistic regression models and an analysis of latent transitions. Results: Low SES adolescents had lower levels of PA and less adapted DB than high SES ones. Overall, DB was not associated with adolescents’ SES. Social inequalities in weight and quality of life were highlighted. There was no evidence that a universal intervention could reduce social inequalities in weight. Mediating effects of behaviours in the association between SES and health status were suggested. Conclusions: These results underline the importance of taking SES into account in order to reduce social inequalities in health among adolescents. Behaviours appear to be important levers to reduce social inequalities in health
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Kahts, Samantha Andrea. "Fundamental movement skill proficiency status of girls aged 9-to-12 years from previously disadvantaged communities in Nelson Mandela Bay." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021035.
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Problem Statement A lack of fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency in children can contribute to decreased physical activity (PA) levels, increased adiposity and poor acquisition of specialised sport specific movement skills. To prevent the latter, the identification of FMS status in early and middle childhood years is needed for targeted and specific interventions. Against the backdrop of physical education being omitted from the South African school curriculum, the presence of a patriarchal society, gender sporting stereotyping, high levels of unemployment and low education levels; the assessment of FMS status is particularly warranted. Aim of Study The primary aim of this study was to assess the FMS proficiency of girls aged 9-to-12 years from previously disadvantaged communities within Nelson Mandela Bay. Methodology A descriptive-exploratory-contextual study design, employing quantitative assessment techniques, was utilized. The sample comprised of 227 girls. Convenience sampling was employed. Testing consisted of FMS proficiency tests in the 20m and 40m sprint, standing long jump, throwing for distance, catching, static balance and throwing for accuracy. FMS process scores were assessed with the body component (BC) and Test of Gross Motor Development II (TGMD II) approaches. Anthropometric measurements of the standing and seated height, mass, arm span and leg length were additionally measured. Microsoft Excel® and Statistica® were used for descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. In the case of significant ANOVA results, the Scheffe post hoc test was used for pairwise comparisons. Statistical significance was set at p<.05 and practical significance (Cohen’s d) was set at d>.2. Pearson Correlation Coefficient identified statistical and practical correlations between two variables and chi square was applied to indicate differences in frequency distribution tables. Cramer’s V values were applied to determine practical significance in the case where statistical significant differences were identified between sets of frequency distributions The BC approach indicated that most participants could not proficiently perform the run for speed (94.71 percent), standing long jump (96.9 percent) or throw for distance (83.56 percent). Only the catch was performed proficiently (91.19 percent). TGMD II results for the present study indicated that participants’ run for speed (100 percent) and catch (96.92 percent) were performed proficiently and their standing long jump (93.78 percent) and throw for distance (83.56 percent) process scores were performed least proficiently. Only the catch composite BC scores had a statistically (df=1.31; f=3.24; p=.024) and practically significant (d=0.82) improvement in the BC scores between the age groups 9 and 12 years. Only the standing long jump, throw for distance and throw for accuracy product scores improved statically and practically significantly with aging (p<.05; d>.2). Hence the further participants jumped, the faster they ran. Standing and seated height, weight and arm span improved statistically and practically significantly with age (p<.05; d>.2). All anthropometric variables, except for leg length, had a positive medium correlation (r=.335 to r=.439) with balance errors and this was only in 12 year olds. The throw for distance product scores had a medium correlation to seated height (r=.32) and arm span (r=.33). The run for speed had a medium correlation (r=.313) with mass. According to the IOTF classifications 24.67 percent of children were overweight and 7.49 percent of children were obese. Statistically significant differences were found for the run for speed (df=224; f=27.07; p=2.9E-11) and standing long jump (df=224; f=15.68; p=4.2E-07) when comparing product scores to normal weight, overweight and obese participants. These differences were furthermore found to be of medium to large practical significance between the normal and obese participants for the run for speed (d=0.61 to d=1.77) and Standing Long Jump (d=0.40 to d=1.33). On average 50 percent and 55 percent of participants partook 60 minutes or more of PA after school on week days and on weekend’s respectively. This PA consisted mostly of running and ball games. Only 10 percent of participants had commenced with menarche Conclusion Findings have highlighted the need for specifically targeted FMS interventions at an early age in female learners from previously disadvantaged communities. Both a product and process FMS assessment is warranted as this facilitates deductions about movement proficiency levels. A FMS proficiency assessment protocol is needed for South African children which is internationally comparable. Childhood overweight and obesity impacts FMS proficiency and should be addressed in future research. Cultural norms, gender stereotypes and sport management structures at primary school level seem to be affecting FMS proficiency and should be addressed in future research
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Liebig, Yvonne D. "Body Ideals and Weight Bias: Does Ethnicity Make a Difference?" Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5360/.
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The current study investigates whether there are there ethnic differences between Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic women in (a) weight bias, (b) body ideals, (c) social awareness and internalization of appearance standards and (d) physical activity in relation to these constructs. Participants included 130 Caucasian, 103 African American, and 52 Hispanic undergraduate female students. Participants completed a demographic survey, the Antifat Attitudes Test, the Figure Rating Scale, the Sociocultural Attitudes toward Appearance Questionnaire, and the Multiethnic Identity Measure questionnaire. No significant ethnic group differences in weight bias emerged. Differences were found for participants' perceptions of the culturally ideal female body shape, as well as awareness and internalization. No relationship was found between physical activity and weight bias, body ideals, and appearance standards. Future researchers should use health weight classifications, in addition to ethnicity, to examine weight bias, body ideals, and physical activity.
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Holbrook, Hannah Sloan. "Negotiating "post" era writing pedagogies." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2660.
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This study examines how post-process theories are being defined, negotiated, and enacted in composition classrooms. While recognizing that most composition instruction remains shaped by modern and process oriented theories, this research asks how post-process considerations might be currently informing teaching practices in some classrooms.
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Costa, Luís Manuel Alves. "Recuperação do património lúdico e a sua utilização como actividade física para pessoas idosas : Estudo dos aspectos motivacionais que favorecem a continuidade da sua prática." Master's thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9986.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência do Desporto, área de especialização em Desporto de Recreação e Lazer, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física da Universidade do PortoO número de velhos está a aumentar desproporcionalmente a outras faixas etárias o que é devido à redução da natalidade. Os progressos da ciência têm favorecido uma considerável melhoria do bem estar, saúde e qualidade de vida, reflectidas no aumento da esperança média de vida. O processo de envelhecimento tornou-se um importante objecto de estudo, não só pela necessidade de conhecer as causas que nele actuam, mas também, para desenvolver estratégias que atenuem os seus efeitos. De entre os factores que são identificados como fundamentais frenadores do envelhecimento, destaca-se a actividade física. Porém, o número de aderentes a uma prática regular, assim como o tipo de actividades desenvolvidas, são insuficientes. Os programas de actividade física propostos, são muitas vezes desenquadrados dos interesses dos destinatários, das suas vivências e mesmo do seu reportório lúdico e motor. Assim sendo, foi objecto do presente estudo, identificar e conhecer as razões que levaram um grupo de idosos do meio rural a manterem uma prática regular de actividade física, fundamentada na recuperação dos seus patrimónios lúdico e motor, bem como perceber o grau da importância do tipo de actividades propostas para o sucesso do programa. Foram inicialmente realizadas entrevistas a 60 idosos de dois lares, em Melgaço e Monção e que aderiram ao projecto, para identificar e recuperar os seus patrimónios lúdicos e motores. Com base na informação recolhida, foram planificadas e administradas 60 sessões de actividade física (2 por semana em cada lar), nas quais vieram a participar 28 idosos, com idades compreendidas entre os 63 e 93 anos e após as quais foram submetidos a dois questionários: um de motivação para a manutenção na prática regular de exercício físico (QMMPRAF) elaborado por Manz (1999) e adaptado à realidade encontrada; outro referente à importância que o tipo de actividades propostas tiveram na decisão de manter uma prática regular. Devido à dimensão e heterogeneidade da amost ...
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Costa, Luís Manuel Alves. "A recuperação do património lúdico e a sua utilização como actividade física para pessoas idosas-estudo dos aspectos motivacionais que favorecem a continuidade da sua prática." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29267.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência do Desporto, área de especialização em Desporto de Recreação e Lazer, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física da Universidade do PortoO número de velhos está a aumentar desproporcionalmente a outras faixas etárias o que é devido à redução da natalidade. Os progressos da ciência têm favorecido uma considerável melhoria do bem estar, saúde e qualidade de vida, reflectidas no aumento da esperança média de vida. O processo de envelhecimento tornou-se um importante objecto de estudo, não só pela necessidade de conhecer as causas que nele actuam, mas também, para desenvolver estratégias que atenuem os seus efeitos. De entre os factores que são identificados como fundamentais frenadores do envelhecimento, destaca-se a actividade física. Porém, o número de aderentes a uma prática regular, assim como o tipo de actividades desenvolvidas, são insuficientes. Os programas de actividade física propostos, são muitas vezes desenquadrados dos interesses dos destinatários, das suas vivências e mesmo do seu reportório lúdico e motor. Assim sendo, foi objecto do presente estudo, identificar e conhecer as razões que levaram um grupo de idosos do meio rural a manterem uma prática regular de actividade física, fundamentada na recuperação dos seus patrimónios lúdico e motor, bem como perceber o grau da importância do tipo de actividades propostas para o sucesso do programa. Foram inicialmente realizadas entrevistas a 60 idosos de dois lares, em Melgaço e Monção e que aderiram ao projecto, para identificar e recuperar os seus patrimónios lúdicos e motores. Com base na informação recolhida, foram planificadas e administradas 60 sessões de actividade física (2 por semana em cada lar), nas quais vieram a participar 28 idosos, com idades compreendidas entre os 63 e 93 anos e após as quais foram submetidos a dois questionários: um de motivação para a manutenção na prática regular de exercício físico (QMMPRAF) elaborado por Manz (1999) e adaptado à realidade encontrada; outro referente à importância que o tipo de actividades propostas tiveram na decisão de manter uma prática regular. Devido à dimensão e heterogeneidade da amost ...
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Laborde, Sylvain. "Slow-paced breathing and cardiac vagal activity : influence on stress regulation, sleep, and cognitive executive performance The effect of slow-paced breathing on stress management in adolescents with intellectual disability Influence of a 30-day slow paced breathing intervention compared to social media use on subjective sleep quality and cardiac vagal activity The influence of slow-paced breathing on executive function Influence of slow-paced breathing on inhibition after physical exertion." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC044.
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Cette thèse de doctorat a pour but d'étudier l’influence de la respiration lente contrôlée sans biofeedback sur l'activité vagale cardiaque ainsi que son action sur plusieurs processus d'autorégulation, en se basant sur le modèle d'intégration neuroviscérale (Smith et al., 2017 ; Thayer et al., 2009) et sur le modèle de résonance (Lehrer & Gevirtz, 2014). Quatre études ont été menées, auprès d'adolescents ayant un handicap mental (étude 1) et de jeunes adultes sains (études 2, 3 et 4). Les effets d’interventions courtes et longues basées sur la respiration lente contrôlée ont été étudiés, et des effets positifs ont été constatés sur la gestion du stress (intervention courte, étude 1), le sommeil (intervention longue, étude 2) et les fonctions exécutives (intervention courte, études 3 et 4), mais les effets sur les fonctions exécutives n'ont pas été médiés par l’activité vagale cardiaque. Ces résultats sont encourageants en ce qui concerne l'utilisation de la respiration lente contrôlée en tant qu’intervention à court et long terme, en tant que "solution rapide" ou routine quotidienne, mais les recherches futures doivent clarifier les mécanismes sous-jacents, en particulier en utilisant des méthodes d'imagerie cérébrale. En conclusion, la respiration lente contrôlée est une technique gratuite, non invasive, simple à mettre en œuvre, et avec peu d'effets secondaires, ce qui en fait une intervention appropriée pour traiter un éventail varié de phénomènes liés à l’autorégulationThis PhD thesis was aimed to investigate the influence of slow-paced breathing (SPB) without biofeedback on CVA, as well as its action on several self-regulation processes, based on the neurovisceral integration model (Smith et al., 2017; Thayer et al., 2009) and on the resonance model (Lehrer & Gevirtz, 2014). Four studies were conducted, adolescents with individual disabilities (Study 1) and healthy young adults (Study 2, 3, & 4). Both short-term and long-term SPB interventions have been investigated, and positive effects have been found on stress management (short-term, Study 1), sleep (long-term, Study 2), and executive functions (short-term, Studies 3 and 4), however results related to executive functions were not mediated by CVA. These results are encouraging regarding the use of SPB in acute and chronic interventions, as a “quick-fix” or daily routine, however future research has to clarify the underlying mechanisms, in particular with brain imaging methods. To conclude, SPB is a technique that is free, non-invasive, easy to implement, and with little side effects, which makes it an appropriate intervention to recommend to address a large range of self-regulation phenomena
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Swinford, Rachel R. "Adapted dance - connecting mind, body and soul." Thesis, Indiana University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3610166.
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Using Heideggerian interpretive phenomenology, this study illuminates the lived experience of an adapted dance program for individuals with Down syndrome and their family members. The overall pattern from both dancers and family members was adapted dance: connecting mind, body and soul. The primary theme from dancer interpretations was expressing a mosaic of positive experiences, and the primary theme from family member interpretations was experiencing pride in their loved ones. The dance program provided dancers an opportunity to express their authentic self while experiencing moments of full embodiment in the connection of their mind, body and soul. While dancers experienced the connection of mind-body-soul, family members recognized the importance of this connection in their loved one. This research is instrumental in advocating for opportunities for individuals with Down syndrome to experience dance as a social, physical and intellectual activity that results in learning and increasing social interactions. The research findings from this study can support future initiatives for dance programs that may influence a population that has limited access to physical activity and dance. The study's teaching strategies, dance activities, class procedures and sequences, and feedback techniques can be used by other professionals who teach individuals with intellectual disabilities.
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Derbré, Frédéric. "Etude des voies de signalisation impliquées dans la sarcopénie : rôle du stress oxydant et de l'inactivité physique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652764.
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La sarcopénie est considérée comme un syndrome gériatrique se caractérisant par une diminution de la masse musculaire qui en s'aggravant sera à l'origine d'une détérioration de la force musculaire et des performances physiques. La sarcopénie est évidemment imputable au processus de vieillissement, mais son développement peut être accéléré sous l'effet de facteurs pathologiques et comportementaux. Depuis un siècle à peine, le comportement de l'homme moderne, en matière d'activité physique, a radicalement changé avec un mode de vie de plus en plus inactif. Cette inactivité chronique est apparue trop soudainement pour permettre à notre génotype de s'adapter, et contribue ainsi à accélérer ledéveloppement de la sarcopénie. Néanmoins, des interrogations subsistent concernant les mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires par lesquels l'inactivité physique favoriserait ce syndrome gériatrique. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse était donc de déterminer certains de ces mécanismes en se centrant tout particulièrement sur le rôle des espèces dérivées del'oxygène (ERDO). En s'appuyant sur différents modèles expérimentaux d'activité (entraînement en endurance) et d'inactivité (suspension par la queue) chez le rongeur, nos travaux ont mis en évidence le rôle essentiel de la surproduction chronique d'ERDO (qu'elle soit liée à l'âge et/ou l'inactivité) dans l'activation de certains facteurs de transcription et kinases redox-sensibles impliqués dans la sarcopénie (i.e. NF-κB, p38 MAPK). Nos travaux démontrent également que l'avance en âge (et probablement l'inactivité chronique) induit une perte de réactivité de PGC-1α, un facteur de transcription redoxsensible régulant un certain nombre de mécanismes cellulaires impliqués dans la sarcopénie. Cette perte deréactivité pourrait s'expliquer par la surproduction chronique d'ERDO dans le muscle âgé
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Mooney, Stephen J. "The Impact of Built and Social Environment on Physical Activity among Older Adults." Thesis, 2016. https://doi.org/10.7916/D81G0MFF.
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Physical activity, defined as bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure, has many known mental and physical health benefits for older adults. However, as of 2008, only 22.6% of older adults in the United States reported meeting recommended physical activity guidelines. This dissertation examines the role of the built and social environment on physical activity among older adults, with particular focus on physical disorder, or the visual indications of neighborhood deterioration. All empirical analyses use data from the New York City Neighborhood and Mental Health in the Elderly Study (NYCNAMES-II), a three-wave longitudinal study of about 3,500 older adults living in New York City.
We first systematically review the existing literature concerning physical disorder as an influence on physical activity among adults of all ages. We find that most prior studies of disorder and activity have been cross-sectional and that disorder has not consistently been associated with less activity across all studies. However, we also find indications that older adults’ activity levels may be more negatively impacted by disorder than younger adults’ activity levels.
Next, we use a longitudinal analysis to estimate the association between neighborhood disorder and total physical activity among the NYCNAMES-II cohort. In multivariable mixed regression models accounting for individual and neighborhood factors, for missing data, and for loss to follow-up, we find that each standard deviation increase in neighborhood disorder was associated with an estimated 3.0 units (95% CI: 1.9, 4.2) lower PASE score at baseline, or the equivalent of about 10 minutes of walking per day. There was no significant interaction between physical disorder and changes in PASE score over two years of follow-up.
We next apply a latent transition analysis to identify patterns of types of physical activity the same cohort, identifying seven latent classes of activity. Of these seven classes, three pairs of classes were roughly equivalent except for participation in exercise. About three quarters of subjects remained within each latent class between waves; most transitions that did occur were between classes defined by exercise to the parallel class without exercise or vice-versa. More neighborhood disorder was modestly associated with moving out of a sports and recreation class (Relative Risk = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.00, 1.61 between waves 1 and 2, Relative Risk = 1.28, 95% CI = 0.85, 1.93 between waves 2 and 3).
Finally, we develop the Neighborhood Environment-Wide Association Study (NE-WAS), an agnostic approach to systematically explore the plethora of neighborhood measures available to modern researchers equipped with geographic information systems (GIS) software. We find that only neighborhood socioeconomic status and disorder measures were associated with total activity and gardening, whereas a broader range of measures was associated with walking.
Substantively, we conclude that more physical disorder was associated with less physical activity, potentially due to decreases in sports and recreation among those living amidst physical disorder, though latent transition analysis estimates were too imprecise to rule out chance. Future longitudinal research on physical disorder as an influence on physical activity would benefit from longer periods of follow-up in which more subjects moved between neighborhoods. Methodologically, the NE-WAS approach appears to be a promising way to systematize neighborhood research as the scale of available spatially located administrative data continues to grow. Future NE-WASes might profitably focus on comparing the spatial scale of neighborhood measures.
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Miller, Bridget Marie. "The effects of self-efficacy, social physique anxiety, attributions, and feelings of mastery on post-exercise psychological state." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/1275.
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Tsai, Hsiu-Min. "Physical activity among Taiwanese women with menstrual symptoms." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2133.
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Lindsay, Timothy Robert. "Effect of expected exercise duration on physiological and psychological variables." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2168.
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The consideration of the end-point of exercise (teleoanticipation) may influence fatigue development. This study examined the effect of expected exercise duration on physiological and psychological variables. 20 male cyclists participated in a graded maximal aerobic cycling test and two 20 minute cycling bouts. Participants expected to cycle for 20 minutes for the first bout (20 MIN), and for 40 minutes for the second (40 MIN) VO, was higher at 2 minutes and lower at 17 minutes in the 40 MIN condition. RPE was lower throughout the 40 MIN condition. Following initial analyses, participants were separated into intensity groups based on whether they exercised above RER=l.00 at any time during either cycling bout. RPE was lower for 40 MIN in the lower intensity group only. Results suggest that teleoanticipation alters both physiological and psychological variables via separate mechanisms that may be intensity-dependent.
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Woolf, Julian Robert. "The effects of disgust eliciting persuasive messages on physical activity." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3095.
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Woolf, Julian Robert 1971. "The effects of disgust eliciting persuasive messages on physical activity." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/13281.
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Nelson, Michael Douglas. "Hypervolemia, thermoregulation, and exercise performance under severe heat stress." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2268.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine if the ingestion of sodium citrate (CIT), and the subsequent expansion of plasma volume, would have a direct effect on thermoregulation and physiological function during a simulated 1-hour time trial (TT) under sever heat stress. Eight subjects, aged 24.9 years (SD + 4.4), were studied under the following three conditions: (1) High Sodium Citrate (HCIT; 0.2 g/kg sodium citrate), (2) Low Sodium Citrate (LCIT; 0.1 g/kg sodium citrate), and (3) Control (Gatorade). Blood samples, taken before and during exercise, were analyzed for hematocrit (Het), haemoglobin (Hb), bicarbonate (HCO3-), base excess (BE), pH, sodium (Na), potassium (K), and glucose (GLU). Rectal temperature (Tr) and skin temperature (Tsk) was also recorded. Heart rate and psychophysical strain were also measured throughout each TT. Plasma volume significantly increased by 7.1% after ingesting the HCIT compared to the other two trials. There were no differences in mean body temperature, physiological strain, cardiovascular strain or psychophysical perception. The ingestion of HCIT appears to improve cycling performance despite no difference in physiological measurements. HCIT reduced split times, better maintained power output over the TT. and improved time total cycling time.
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Tshikovhele, Khodani Lucky. "The influence of exercise on depression and psychological well-being amongst students at the University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus)." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1284.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. A. (Clinical Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015Research using a cross-sectional survey design was conducted to determine the influence of exercise on the psychological well-being and reported rates of depression on a sample of regular exercisers and non-regular exercisers registered at the University of Limpopo (Turfloop campus). Two standardized questionnaires were used to collect data from a non-proportional quota sample of 60 (30 regular exercisers and 30 non-regular exercisers), male and female (30 females and 30 males) undergraduate students. Data were analyzed using the following statistical measures, descriptive statistics, using frequency tables and figures. The chi square test was used to find out if there were any significant relationships between the regular exercisers and non-regular exercisers and male and female participants in terms of depression and psychological well-being. Students who exercised regularly showed a positive psychological well-being while non-regular exercisers showed a more negative psychological well-being. There were no significant differences in reported feelings of depression across the male and female sample of regular and non-regular exercisers. Female regular and non-regular exercisers however, showed a more positive psychological well-being than males, this was a significant result (p=0.001).
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Wilson, Jason Mark. "Development, shalom, and sport : a biblical perspective." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1748.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the following three concepts: development, shalom and sport. It is the findings of this paper that a holistic understanding of the Biblical concept of shalom, provides an appropriate, Christian premise for examining existing development initiatives and for informing intended development praxis.
Furthermore the paper argues that sport is a morally neutral activity, which can have positive influences for society, and is a very effective tool that can be used to pursue a shalom-informed form of development. This is true, regardless of the fact that sport can often be corrupted with negative results.
Finally, sport can aid the church in many ways. In particular, sport is a constructive tool for the church to use with regard to friendship-building, cross-cultural relations and church unity. Furthermore, since the church is a major player in the field of development, when the church uses sport to accomplish the above, development is enhanced. Also, the church can help be a moral voice to the areas of sport that are corrupt and it can support initiatives that provide preventative incentives to negative elements within society.Thesis (M.Th.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.
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Janse, van Rensburg Marthie. "Die verband tussen fisieke aktiwiteit, sosiale ondersteuning en gemoedstoestand." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6922.
Full textAbstract:
D.Litt. et Phil.An escalation in the mortality rate in Western society directly attributable to destructive lifestyles, has generated intensive research into the causal link between health and lifestyle. Early research highlighted a positive correlation between participation in physical activity and enhanced physical health. The complexity of causal interactions between physical activity and general well-being has given rise to a more focused examination of various elements of health and the activities which support it. The scope of research has extended to include physical activity and its effect on mental health, as well as physical activity and its ability to create a positive state of mind. Results have been sufficiently impressive that medical practitioners and psychologists now commonly use programs of physical activity in the treatment of stress, depression and anxiety. A positive correlation between physical activity and improved state of mind has been primarily attributed to enhanced physical fitness and better biological functioning of the body as a result of physical activity. Researchers refer to the role that physical activity plays in stimulating the secretion of norepinephrine in the central nervous system. Higher levels of norepinephrine in the body appear to lead to an improved state of mind.
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Winger, Joseph G. "Diet and exercise intervention adherence and health-related outcomes among older long-term breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer survivors." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5068.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Given the numerous benefits of a healthy diet and exercise for cancer survivors, there has been an increase in the number of lifestyle intervention trials for this population in recent years. However, the extent to which adherence to a diet and exercise intervention predicts health-related outcomes among cancer survivors is currently unknown. To address this question, data from the Reach out to ENhancE Wellness in Older Cancer Survivors (RENEW) diet and exercise intervention trial were analyzed. RENEW was a yearlong telephone and mailed print intervention for 641 older (>65 years of age), overweight (body mass index: 25.0-39.9), long-term (>5 years post-diagnosis) survivors of colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer. Participants were randomized to the diet and exercise intervention or a delayed-intervention control condition. The RENEW telephone counseling sessions were based on determinants of behavior derived from Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) (e.g., building social support, enhancing self-efficacy). These factors have been hypothesized to improve health behaviors, which in turn should improve health outcomes. Thus, drawing on SCT and prior diet and exercise research with cancer survivors, I hypothesized that telephone counseling session attendance would be indirectly related to health-related outcomes (i.e., physical function, basic and advanced lower extremity function, mental health, and body mass index) through intervention-period strength and endurance exercise and dietary behavior (i.e., fruit and vegetable intake, saturated fat intake). The proposed model showed good fit to the data; however, not all of the hypothesized relationships were supported. Specifically, increased telephone counseling session attendance was related to engagement in all of the health behaviors over the intervention period. In turn, (a) increased endurance exercise was related to improvement in all of the health-related outcomes with the exception of mental health; (b) increased strength exercise was solely related to improved mental health; (c) increased fruit and vegetable intake was only related to improved basic lower extremity function; and (d) saturated fat intake was not related to any of the health-related outcomes. Taken together, these findings suggest that SCT determinants of behavior and the importance of session attendance should continue to be emphasized in diet and exercise interventions. Continued exploration of the relationship between adherence to a diet and exercise intervention and health-related outcomes will inform the development of more cost-effective and efficacious interventions for cancer and other medical populations.
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Gaddie, Toni. "The making of a champion : a constructed reality." Diss., 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2482.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation explores the construction and experience of the sports champion's
reality. In studying reality and its construction, I became familiar with, the post-modern
perspective of reality and with theories such as systems theory, cybernetics, radical
constructivism and social constructionism, which fall under the post-modern
epistemological umbrella. The dissertation gives an exposition of my journey through this
maze of theories, from a position of "knowing" how champions are made towards a more
complex position of uncertainty and possibility. This is followed by an account of the
qualitative research that I undertook, within a social constructionist framework, in which
I used thematic discourse analysis. Finally, I interpret the discourses emerging from the
analysis in order to demonstrate their operation or effect in the construction of a
champion's reality.Psychology
M.A. (Clinical Psychology)