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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Exercise Physiology

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Academic literature on the topic 'Exercise Physiology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Exercise Physiology"

1

Ward, Susan A. "Exercise physiology: exercise hyperpnea." Current Opinion in Physiology 10 (August 2019): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cophys.2019.05.010.

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Irvin, Charles G. "Exercise Physiology." Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 17, no. 6 (November 1, 1996): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/108854196778606356.

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McArdle, W. D., F. I. Katch, and V. L. Katch. "Exercise Physiology." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 23, no. 12 (December 1991): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199112000-00013.

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Dotson, Charles O., and James H. Humphrey. "Exercise Physiology." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 24, no. 1 (January 1992): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199201000-00029.

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Groves, Jay, William H. Frist, Dan Lange, Zafer Karabulut, T. K. Yeoh, and Susann DeMarino. "EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY." Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation 13, no. 5 (September 1993): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008483-199309000-00007.

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Powers, Scott K., and Edward T. Howley. "Exercise Physiology." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 27, no. 3 (March 1995): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199503000-00027.

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Wallace, Janet. "Exercise Physiology." Seminars in Reproductive Medicine 3, no. 01 (February 1985): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1022598.

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Kersey, Robert D., and Jack Ransone. "Exercise Physiology." Athletic Therapy Today 7, no. 3 (May 2002): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/att.7.3.52.

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Zderic, Theodore W. "Inactivity Physiology vs. Exercise Physiology." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38, Supplement (May 2006): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-00445.

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Silva, Danilo Rodrigues Pereira da, Felipe Barreto Schuch, Aderbal Silva Aguiar Junior, Andressa Silva, Carlos Eduardo Ferreira de Moraes, Daniel Alvarez Pires, Eduardo Matta Mello Portugal, et al. "IV Symposium on Exercise Physiology: Advances and Perspectives." Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde 30 (May 13, 2025): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.12820/rbafs.29e0381i.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Exercise Physiology"

1

Voutselas, Vasileios. "The influence of exercise parameters on post-exercise metabolic rate." Thesis, University of Essex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268743.

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Niedre, Peter Cameron. "Exercise intensity and the post-exercise elevation in esophageal temperature." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9226.

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In order to examine the effects of exercise intensity on the post exercise elevation in esophageal temperature (DeltaTes), 8 male subjects performed 15 minutes of treadmill running exercise at 3 different exercise intensities, subthreshold (70% VO2max), threshold (84% VO 2max, and suprathreshold (93% VO2max), followed by an upright 45 minute recovery period. In addition, the effects of exercise intensity on the internal temperature threshold for cutaneous vasodilation (Tdil ), as well as post exercise blood pressure, cutaneous blood flow (SkBF) and cardiovascular conductance (DeltaCVC), were examined. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in DeltaTes were found between the 3 exercise intensities during exercise, as well as between suprathreshold (0.91°C), and threshold (0.56°C)/subthreshold (0.44°C) intensities during the recovery period. The elevated DeltaTes remained significantly above pre-exercise values for the entire recovery period for all 3 exercise intensities. Exercise intensity also demonstrated an effect on Tdil during exercise where significant differences were found between the 3 exercise intensities (0.26°C, 0.47°C, 0.84°C for subthreshold, threshold, and suprathreshold intensities respectively). However, no significant correlation was found between Tdil, and post exercise DeltaTes. Finally, a state of hypotension with respect to pre-exercise was observed during recovery from suprathreshold exercise. This could explain the significantly higher post exercise elevation in DeltaTes from subthreshold and threshold exercise.

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Qayyum, Mohammed Shahzad. "The physiology of potassium during exercise and recovery." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386644.

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Shirreffs, Susan Margaret. "Post-exercise rehydration in man." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU550461.

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The experiments of this thesis have confirmed and widened much of the previous knowledge concerning recovery from moderate levels of exercise-induced dehydration. A protocol for inducing sweat loss and monitoring recovery has been established and verified, and a reliable methodology for the collection and analysis of whole body sweat developed. In general, intermittent exercise at an intensity corresponding to 60% 2max was undertaken in a warm (approximately 34°C), humid (60-70% rh) environment. Subjects were dehydrated by approximately 2% of their body mass and rehydrated with a fluid volume equivalent to 3% of their body mass. The composition of the rehydration fluid was determined by the aims of each particular study. By systematically varying the sodium concentration of rehydration fluids, the importance of sodium consumption for the retention of the ingested water was confirmed. However, when the sodium intake was extremely high (206 mmol from consumption of a 100 mmol l-1Na+ drink), fluid balance restoration was achieved at the expense of an excess of sodium retention and an increased potassium excretion. This effect on potassium levels must be considered to be undesirable for anything other than the short term situation. Alcohol consumption in the form of beer is the beverage of choice of many individuals following exercise but is frequently advised against because of the diuretic actions of the alcohol. However, this thesis demonstrates that the diuretic effect of alcohol is substantially blunted when alcohol is consumed following a moderate level of hypohydration induced by exercising in the heat; there appears to be no difference in recovery, in terms of fluid balance, from dehydration whether the rehydration beverage is alcohol-free or contains up to 2% alcohol and sufficient volume is consumed.

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Soucie, Luc. "Exercise hypotension: A retrospective analysis." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9829.

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This retrospective study assessed the usefulness of a drop and a blunted systolic blood pressure (SBP) response to exercise testing as predictors of multiple or left main coronary artery disease (CAD) as defined by a 'Coronary Score' (CS). Three types of systolic BP response to exercise were used: (1) an increase by more than 20 mmHg (Group I, n = 107), (2) an increase by 20 mmHg or less (Group II, n = 84), and (3) a decrease of at least 10 mmHg (Group III, n = 45). The extent of CAD was significantly greater in groups II and III than in group I (group I, $6.7\pm6.9;$ group II, $9.3\pm7.1;$ group III, $11.7\pm8.5,$ p 0.05). However, the difference was not statistically different between groups II and III which reinforces the value of a blunted SBP response. Treatment outcome also differed between SBP groups. Seventy percent of patients in group I received medical therapy. Over 70% of those in groups II and III underwent coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or coronary bypass surgery (CABG). It was concluded that similarly to a drop in SBP, a blunted SBP response to treadmill exercise testing in patients with known or suspected CAD is a potential indicator of multiple or left main coronary artery disease.

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Kenny, Glen. "Thermal homeostasis following dynamic exercise." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6486.

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Recent published work showed post-exercise (PostEx) esophageal temperature (Tes) recovered rapidly to a persistent plateau that was significantly elevated (0.5$\sp\circ$C or more) above pre-exercise (PreEx) values. Non-acral skin temperatures, except over exercised muscle, returned rapidly to PreEx levels. Rectal temperatures (Tre) fell gradually during recovery reaching a plateau late in recovery (45 min) equal in magnitude of difference from Tes to PreEx values. Surface temperatures over the quadriceps remained high, indicating that heat was trapped in muscle. A similarity between the exercise Tes at which skin surface dilation occurred (Tdil) and the PostEx Tes was identified. These observations contradict the widely accepted "load-error" prinicple of thermoregulation which predicts that displacement of core temperature (Tco) from a hypothalamic set point (SPhy) will induce defense reflexes until the displacement is reversed. These data lead to the hypothesis that there was some residual influence related to exercise that retained the modulation of thermal reflex thresholds during recovery. Testing of the hypothesis was conducted with experiments to establish if: (1) the PostEx Tes was related to PreEx temperature; (2) exogenous thermal loading would produce the same post treatment elevation; (3) PostEx Tes elevation followed by exogenous thermal loading would result in an increase in the Tes elevation and (4) a 5 min exercise generating Tes below Tdil would result in a PostEx elevation of Tes. It was demonstrated that repeated running-recovery cycles produced patterns of rise and then fall of Tes to an elevated PostEx plateau that was equal to Tdil. This was similar to previous results except that the second exercise was begun at an elevated Tes and produced further elevation of Tdil with a comparable effect on PostEx Tes. Similarly, the third exercise further increased Tes following which it recovered to an even higher plateau equal in magnitude to Tdil. We observed that exogenous heat loading, by immersion of subjects in a bath of water at 44$\sp\circ$C to produce a rate of increase and peak elevation of Tes equal to exercise, did not result in a post-treatment elevation in Tes. Similarly, the PostEx Tes elevated plateau, equal to Tdil, remained unchanged following water immersion at 44$\sp\circ$C despite a larger total heat gain during the immersion. These observations eliminate whole body heat content changes as the primary cause of the Tes elevation and support the hypothesis that the homeothermic defense mechanisms become inoperative during recovery at a temperature above resting values as defined by Tdil. The physiological importance of Tdil in defining upper limits of resting temperature cannot be determined at this point. However, the physiological relationship of Tdil with PostEx Tes suggests that neuro-muscular activity significantly influences thermolytic controls which persist in recovery. That Tdil may represent the upper limit of a range of "normal temperatures" is supported by data from a 5 min exercise performed to a Tes elevation below Tdil. Within minutes of exercise termination Tes achieved a stable elevated PostEx Tes (0.3$\sp\circ$C or greater) which was maintained with no change over 65 min of recovery. The data suggest the possibility of: (1) a metabolically induced change in SPhy thermosensitivity, (2) a decreased sensitivity to an increase LE, or (3) a range of temperature regulation defined by an upper threshold control for thermolytic temperature defense reflexes.

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Ramsey, Michael W. "Physiology of Sprint and Road Cycling." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4106.

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Shaw, Aaron P. "The Effect of a Pre-Exercise Nutritional Supplement on Muscle Fatigue During Handgrip Exercise." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1373030510.

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Axelrod, Christopher L. "Menopausal Status Impairs Resistance Exercise-Induced Inflammatory Recovery." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1463070138.

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Vanderluit, Jacqueline L. "The effect of dynamic exercise on the blood pressure response to isometric exercise in normotensive males." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7527.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether the pressor response to a static handgrip exercise would be blunted if performed during or immediately following dynamic exercise. Male subjects performed one minute handgrip (HG) contractions under three conditions (1) standing at rest, (2) during the 4th to 5th min of treadmill walking exercise and (3) during recovery one min following the combined exercise. The handgrip exercises were performed at 30% and 40% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). The results indicated that there was a main effect of intensity, such that HG exercises performed at 40% MVC produced a significantly greater blood pressure response than HG at 30% MVC for all three conditions. The systolic response to static exercise is blunted when a HG at 30% MVC is performed during moderate dynamic exercise but not with HG contractions at 40% MVC. In addition, the systolic response to static exercise is also blunted when HG contractions at both 30% and 40% MVC are performed following dynamic exercise. Also, dynamic exercise augments the diastolic response to static contractions (30% & 40% MVC) performed following dynamic effort. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Books on the topic "Exercise Physiology"

1

Svoboda, Milan. Exercise physiology. Reston, Va: American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance, 1987.

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Tipton, Charles M., ed. Exercise Physiology. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7543-9.

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Bryant, Cedric X., 1960- , author and Comana Fabio author, eds. Exercise physiology. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company, 2015.

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Hale, Tudor. Exercise Physiology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2005.

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Sharples, Adam P., James P. Morton, and Henning Wackerhage. Molecular Exercise Physiology. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315110752.

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Saghiv, Moran S., and Michael S. Sagiv. Basic Exercise Physiology. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48806-2.

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M, Schneider Carole, ed. Vocal exercise physiology. San Diego, Calif: Singular Pub. Group, 1995.

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H, Leach Douglas, Rose R. J, and Snow David H, eds. Equine exercise physiology. Newmarket, Suffolk, England: Equine Veterinary Journal, 1990.

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1956-, Hasson Scott Mather, ed. Clinical exercise physiology. St. Louis: Mosby, 1994.

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1962-, Ehrman Jonathan K., ed. Clinical exercise physiology. 2nd ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Exercise Physiology"

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Shirreffs, Susan M. "Exercise Physiology." In Sport and Exercise Nutrition, 16–19. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444344905.ch2.

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Kenney, W. Larry, and Robert Murray. "Exercise Physiology." In The Encyclopaedia of Sports Medicine, 20–35. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118692318.ch2.

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Sagiv, Michael S. "Exercise Physiology." In Exercise Cardiopulmonary Function in Cardiac Patients, 1–31. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2888-5_1.

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Weir, Joseph P., and Loree L. Weir. "Exercise Physiology." In Introduction to Exercise Science, 85–130. Fifth edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY :: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315177670-5.

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Kam, Peter, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, and Philip J. Siddal. "Exercise Physiology." In Principles of Physiology for the Anaesthetist, 419–24. Fourth edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429288210-67.

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Berryman, Jack W. "Ancient and Early Influences." In Exercise Physiology, 1–38. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7543-9_1.

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Buskirk, Elsworth R. "The Temperature Regulatory System." In Exercise Physiology, 423–51. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7543-9_10.

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Poortmans, Jacques R., and Edward J. Zambraski. "The Renal System." In Exercise Physiology, 452–74. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7543-9_11.

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Gisolfi, Carl V. "The Gastrointestinal System." In Exercise Physiology, 475–95. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7543-9_12.

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McComas, Alan J. "The Neuromuscular System." In Exercise Physiology, 39–97. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7543-9_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Exercise Physiology"

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Hamzah, Fadzil. "Exercise And Swimming in Pregnancy - Physiological Considerations." In Surabaya International Physiology Seminar. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007333701060111.

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"Exploring of Exercise Physiology Course Reform." In 2021 International Conference on Social Science and Education Research. Scholar Publishing Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38007/proceedings.0002060.

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"Exercise Physiology Analysis of the Exercise Activity of the Elderly." In 2018 International Conference on Social Sciences, Education and Management. Francis Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/socsem.2018.184.

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Green, Danny, and Raden Argarini. "Exercise as Cardiovascular Medicine: Early Detection and Optimal Prevention." In Surabaya International Physiology Seminar. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007332400400047.

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Anggawati, Susi, Bambang Purwanto, and Sutji Kuswarini. "Decreased Triglyceride and Protein Levels in Diabetic Rat Muscle Following Physical Exercise." In Surabaya International Physiology Seminar. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007341004870490.

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Latif, Sahrul, Dwikora Novembri Utomo, and Purwo Sri Rejeki. "Combination of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise in Lowering Blood Glucose Levels Compared to Aerobic or Resistance Exercises in a Male Wistar Rat Model with Diabetes Mellitus." In Surabaya International Physiology Seminar. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007341605170522.

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Nafi'ah, Imelda Rosalyn Sianipar, Nurul Paramita, Rabia, and Neng Tine Kartinah. "Fgf 21 Secretion as Acute Response to Exercise in High Fat Diet Fed Rats." In Surabaya International Physiology Seminar. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007336002080211.

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Rabia, Neng Tine Kartinah, Nurul Paramita, Nafi’ah, and Imelda Rosalyn Sianipar. "Exercise Formula to Induce Beiging Process: A Study Based on Acute Response of Irisin." In Surabaya International Physiology Seminar. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007336902480251.

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Sinta Dewanti, Okky, and Choesnan Effendi. "The Effect of Acute Exercise of Basic Breathing Motion on Breathing Skills Retention in Swimming." In Surabaya International Physiology Seminar. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007336302260229.

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Tomy Yusep, Moh, Elyana Asnar STP, and Harlina. "The Lactid Acid’s Decrease After Submaximal Exercise Due to Zamzam Water Treatment Compared the Packed Water." In Surabaya International Physiology Seminar. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007335802010203.

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Reports on the topic "Exercise Physiology"

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Brosh, Arieh, David Robertshaw, Yoav Aharoni, Zvi Holzer, Mario Gutman, and Amichai Arieli. Estimation of Energy Expenditure of Free Living and Growing Domesticated Ruminants by Heart Rate Measurement. United States Department of Agriculture, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580685.bard.

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Research objectives were: 1) To study the effect of diet energy density, level of exercise, thermal conditions and reproductive state on cardiovascular function as it relates to oxygen (O2) mobilization. 2) To validate the use of heart rate (HR) to predict energy expenditure (EE) of ruminants, by measuring and calculating the energy balance components at different productive and reproductive states. 3) To validate the use of HR to identify changes in the metabolizable energy (ME) and ME intake (MEI) of grazing ruminants. Background: The development of an effective method for the measurement of EE is essential for understanding the management of both grazing and confined feedlot animals. The use of HR as a method of estimating EE in free-ranging large ruminants has been limited by the availability of suitable field monitoring equipment and by the absence of empirical understanding of the relationship between cardiac function and metabolic rate. Recent developments in microelectronics provide a good opportunity to use small HR devices to monitor free-range animals. The estimation of O2 uptake (VO2) of animals from their HR has to be based upon a consistent relationship between HR and VO2. The question as to whether, or to what extent, feeding level, environmental conditions and reproductive state affect such a relationship is still unanswered. Studies on the basic physiology of O2 mobilization (in USA) and field and feedlot-based investigations (in Israel) covered a , variety of conditions in order to investigate the possibilities of using HR to estimate EE. In USA the physiological studies conducted using animals with implanted flow probes, show that: I) although stroke volume decreases during intense exercise, VO2 per one heart beat per kgBW0.75 (O2 Pulse, O2P) actually increases and measurement of EE by HR and constant O2P may underestimate VO2unless the slope of the regression relating to heart rate and VO2 is also determined, 2) alterations in VO2 associated with the level of feeding and the effects of feeding itself have no effect on O2P, 3) both pregnancy and lactation may increase blood volume, especially lactation; but they have no effect on O2P, 4) ambient temperature in the range of 15 to 25°C in the resting animal has no effect on O2P, and 5) severe heat stress, induced by exercise, elevates body temperature to a sufficient extent that 14% of cardiac output may be required to dissipate the heat generated by exercise rather than for O2 transport. However, this is an unusual situation and its affect on EE estimation in a freely grazing animal, especially when heart rate is monitored over several days, is minor. In Israel three experiments were carried out in the hot summer to define changes in O2P attributable to changes in the time of day or In the heat load. The animals used were lambs and young calves in the growing phase and highly yielding dairy cows. In the growing animals the time of day, or the heat load, affected HR and VO2, but had no effect on O2P. On the other hand, the O2P measured in lactating cows was affected by the heat load; this is similar to the finding in the USA study of sheep. Energy balance trials were conducted to compare MEI recovery by the retained energy (RE) and by EE as measured by HR and O2P. The trial hypothesis was that if HR reliably estimated EE, the MEI proportion to (EE+RE) would not be significantly different from 1.0. Beef cows along a year of their reproductive cycle and growing lambs were used. The MEI recoveries of both trials were not significantly different from 1.0, 1.062+0.026 and 0.957+0.024 respectively. The cows' reproductive state did not affect the O2P, which is similar to the finding in the USA study. Pasture ME content and animal variables such as HR, VO2, O2P and EE of cows on grazing and in confinement were measured throughout three years under twenty-nine combinations of herbage quality and cows' reproductive state. In twelve grazing states, individual faecal output (FO) was measured and MEI was calculated. Regression analyses of the EE and RE dependent on MEI were highly significant (P<0.001). The predicted values of EE at zero intake (78 kcal/kgBW0.75), were similar to those estimated by NRC (1984). The EE at maintenance condition of the grazing cows (EE=MEI, 125 kcal/kgBW0.75) which are in the range of 96.1 to 125.5 as presented by NRC (1996 pp 6-7) for beef cows. Average daily HR and EE were significantly increased by lactation, P<0.001 and P<0.02 respectively. Grazing ME significantly increased HR and EE, P<0.001 and P<0.00l respectively. In contradiction to the finding in confined ewes and cows, the O2P of the grazing cows was significantly affected by the combined treatments (P<0.00l ); this effect was significantly related to the diet ME (P<0.00l ) and consequently to the MEI (P<0.03). Grazing significantly increased O2P compared to confinement. So, when EE of grazing animals during a certain season of the year is estimated using the HR method, the O2P must be re measured whenever grazing ME changes. A high correlation (R2>0.96) of group average EE and of HR dependency on MEI was also found in confined cows, which were fed six different diets and in growing lambs on three diets. In conclusion, the studies conducted in USA and in Israel investigated in depth the physiological mechanisms of cardiovascular and O2 mobilization, and went on to investigate a wide variety of ruminant species, ages, reproductive states, diets ME, time of intake and time of day, and compared these variables under grazing and confinement conditions. From these combined studies we can conclude that EE can be determined from HR measurements during several days, multiplied by O2P measured over a short period of time (10-15 min). The study showed that RE could be determined during the growing phase without slaughtering. In the near future the development microelectronic devices will enable wide use of the HR method to determine EE and energy balance. It will open new scopes of physiological and agricultural research with minimizes strain on animals. The method also has a high potential as a tool for herd management.

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