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Academic literature on the topic 'Exercise tests. Respiratory organs'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Exercise tests. Respiratory organs"

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Nenenko, Olga I., Pavel V. Serebryakov, and Elena A. Denisova. "Load tests in the diagnosis of dust pathology of the respiratory system." HEALTH CARE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 65, no. 4 (2021): 384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0044-197x-2021-65-4-384-387.

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The influence of aerosols of fibrogenic action on the state of the cardiorespiratory system in dust-hazardous industries does not lose its significance over the years since the pathology of the respiratory organs gradually develops in working-age workers. Continuous medical monitoring of the health status of the working population, improvement of diagnostic research methods and their application at the early stages of exposure to harmful industrial factors will help prevent the development of occupational diseases and preserve the ability to work professional aptitude. Objective. To study the relationship between the state of the cardiorespiratory system and exercise tolerance based on the results of a 6-minute walk test in patients with dust pathology of the respiratory organs. Material and methods. 193 men with confirmed pneumoconiosis (79 people), occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (58 people) and those in contact with the dust factor at work without respiratory pathology (56 people) were examined using echocardiography, spirometry, bodyplethysmography, a 6-minute walking load test with simultaneous monitoring of blood oxygen saturation (saturation) and pulse. Results. The correlation of the results of the 6-minute test with the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system of the subjects was revealed. The oxygen saturation of the blood during the exercise test was confirmed to show a different relationship with the indices of bodyplethysmography and spirometry, characterizing the central pathogenetic moments of the formation of respiratory failure. Conclusion. characteristic changes in saturation during the test with a 6-minute walk make an accessible and at the same time significant contribution to the diagnosis of respiratory organs in workers of dust-hazardous occupations.

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H., Sivaranjani, and Chaitra K. R. "The study of pulmonary function tests in patients with hypothyroidism." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 6, no. 6 (2019): 1774. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20195225.

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Background: Hypothyroidism is a common disease with a prevalence rate of 11% in India. It affects all organ systems in the body. Patients with hypothyroidism frequently have symptoms of fatigue and exercise intolerance. These symptoms could arise from a reduced pulmonary reserve, cardiac reserve or decreased muscle strength or increased muscle fatigue. This study aims to study the pulmonary function test in patients with hypothyroidism.Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted on 100 patients divided into 2 groups (a) newly detected hypothyroids (b) normal control group. Cases were matched with controls in having similar environment exposure and age group. All patients had routine symptom and clinical assessment. Laboratory investigations such as complete blood picture, pulmonary function test, chest x ray and thyroid function test were done. Data was entered and analysed.Results: In this study conducted on 100 patients, case group had symptoms of easy fatiguability (36%), breathlessness (20%), menstrual abnormality (20%), weight gain (7%) and generalised body aches (5%). Mean FEV1 levels between cases and controls were 1.34 and 1.72 (p value 0.00), mean FVC were 1.88 and 2.09 (p value 0.114), FEV1/FVC ratio of 70.56, 81.98 respectively (p value 0.00). The distribution of PFT pattern was 32% obstructive, 28% mixed pattern and 22% restrictive pattern.Conclusions: This study shows that hypothyroidism causes significant decrease in FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio, thereby suggesting obstructive patterns of lung involvement .Therefore PFT can be used routinely as a screening test for all hypothyroid patients to detect early respiratory dysfunction and thereby optimise treatment especially in obese patients and patients with pre-existing lung disease as hypothyroidism adds to their respiratory dysfunction.

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Schreckenberger, Paul C., and Alexander J. McAdam. "Point-Counterpoint: Large Multiplex PCR Panels Should Be First-Line Tests for Detection of Respiratory and Intestinal Pathogens." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53, no. 10 (2015): 3110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.00382-15.

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The first FDA-approved multiplex PCR panel for a large number of respiratory pathogens was introduced in 2008. Since then, other PCR panels for detection of several respiratory and gastrointestinal pathogens have been approved by the FDA and are commercially available, and more such panels are likely to become available. These assays detect 12 to 20 pathogens, and some include pathogens that typically cause different manifestations of infection, although they infect the same organ system. Some of these tests are labor-intensive, while others require little labor, and all of them are expensive, both for the laboratory and for the patient or insurer. They include a bundle of tests with limited or no options for selecting which tests will be performed. Laboratories and hospitals have adopted different strategies for offering these assays. Some have implemented strategies to limit the use of the tests, such as limiting the frequency with which patients can be tested, restricting testing to specific groups of patients (e.g., immunocompromised patients), or providing education to encourage the use of less expensive tests before using large multiplex panels. Others have offered these assays without limiting their use, either relying on the ordering provider to exercise good judgment or because such assays are thought to be appropriate for first-line diagnostic testing. In this Point-Counterpoint, Paul Schreckenberger of Loyola University Medical Center explains why his laboratory offers these assays without restriction. Alex McAdam of Boston's Children Hospital explains the concerns about the use of these assays as first-line tests and why some limitations on their use might be appropriate.

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Stalmakhovich, V. N., I. N. Kaygorodova, I. B. Li, A. P. Dmitrienko, and A. S. Strashinski. "Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in children." Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery 25, no. 4 (2021): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9510-2021-25-4-284-289.

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Introduction. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare volumetric neoplasm in the childhood which originates from the mesodermal tissue , and by the classification of soft tissue tumors refers to the tumors with intermediate biological potential.Purpose. To present a case of rare volumetric formation in the lungs and mediastinum in children.Material and methods. The publication presents three clinical observations of children with IMT. In all three boys (aged 6, 8 and 15), tumors were localized in the right hemithorax: lower lobe of the lung (two children), upper anterior mediastinum (one) without a reliable organ accessory.Results. There were no specific clinical symptoms of the disease. In two children, the volumetric formation was found accidentally: in one child, a rounded tumor above the liver was found during an ultrasound examination of the abdomen; in the other one, during chest X-ray prophylactic examination. Only in one case, the lung tumor caused respiratory failure during exercise due to the complete atelectasis of the lower lobe and emphysema of the middle lobe which was caused by the growth of the tumor from the parenchyma of the lower lobe into the lumen of the lower lobe and intermediate bronchi. There were no significant shifts in clinical and biochemical blood tests. Cancer markers were negative. Surgery was indicated because of the volume formation topography which was confirmed by the multispiral computed tomography with vascular contrast and fibrobronchoscopy. Surgical volume – thoracotomy, lobtumorectomy (1 child); thoracotomy, pulmonotomy, tumorectomy (1 child); thoracoscopy, removal of the mediastinal tumor (1 child). The most technically difficult was mobilization and removal of the mediastinal tumor when it was separated from the superior vena cava and in the chest aperture where it was intimately fused with the brachiocephalic vein. The postoperative period was without complications. All children recovered.Conclusion. IMT of the thoracic organs is not a rare case. It is not possible to reliably verify the nature of the tumor process in the preoperative period. Surgical treatment is radical and, in some cases, endovideotechnologies may be applied.

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Leonte, Nicoleta, Ștefan Dănuț Tudorancea, and Florentin Vasilescu. "The Impact of Using Modern Fitness Techniques vs. the Traditional Ones on the Strength of the Lower Limbs in Adolescent Girls." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 13, no. 2 (2021): 407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/13.2/428.

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The issue of this paper is focused on identifying the positive influence that the means of fitness exert on the human body, as well as the ways to practice it, as an option for adopting an active lifestyle. As a component of fitness, along with cardio-respiratory endurance, mobility and body composition, strength fully contributes to daily activities, with vigor and efficiency, and to increasing human performance, with effects on quality of life. Physical activity performed systematically, regularly contributes directly to improving the structure and functions of various organs and systems of the body. In the current pandemic context, exercising can counteract the appearance of anatomical and functional impairments or correct certain dysfunctions that occur as a result of improper living and / or working conditions (spending a long time in front of the computer, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet). This topic is part of the concerns that link the goal of maintaining and improving health, with the development of a working concept in which exercise becomes a flexible tool to achieve the objectives of structural-functional development of adolescent girls and increase autonomy. in performing physical activity. In this regard, we started a study that investigated the impact of modern and traditional fitness techniques on the development of lower limb strength in adolescent girls. This study is part of the amelioration type research. The research took place at the National College „G. Moisil ”(Bucharest), on a sample of 40 students, aged between 15 and 16 years. The action systems used to develop strength were based on the principle of varying muscle tension. Following the intervention program and the support of the tests, statistical data showed an improvement in muscle strength in the lower limbs in the subjects of the experimental group, compared to the control group.

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Jennings, Donald B. "Respiratory Control During Exercise: Hormones, Osmolality, Strong Ions, and Paco2." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 19, no. 3 (1994): 334–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h94-027.

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For optimal performance of exercising muscle, the charge state of proteins must be maintained; the pH environment of protein histidine imidazole groups must be coordinated with their pK. During exercise, increasing temperature and osmolality as well as changes in strong ions affect the pK of imidazole groups. Production of strong organic anions also decreases the concentration difference between strong cations and anions (strong ion difference, or [SID]), causing a metabolic acidosis in peripheral tissues. Central chemoreceptors regulate [Formula: see text] in relation to the [SID] of brain fluids to maintain a "constant" brain [H+]. In addition, increased osmolality, angiotensin II, and vasopressin during exercise may stimulate circumventricular organs of the brain and interact with chemical control of ventilation. Changes in [SID] of brain fluids during exercise are negligible compared to systemic decreases in [SID]; thus, regulation of [Formula: see text] to maintain brain [H+] homeostasis cannot simultaneously compensate for greater changes in [SID] in peripheral tissues. Key words: circumventricular organs, central chemoreception, angiotensin II, vasopressin, alphastat theory

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Ehrman, Jonathan K., Clinton A. Brawner, and Steven J. Keteyian. "Respiratory Exchange Ratio Response in Serial Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 40, Supplement (2008): S103—S104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000321900.53636.f1.

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Lee, A. L., S. L. Harrison, M. K. Beauchamp, T. Janaudis-Ferreira, and D. Brooks. "Alternative field exercise tests for people with respiratory conditions." Current Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Reports 3, no. 3 (2015): 232–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40141-015-0097-y.

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BALGOS, A., L. LUA, and R. PASCUAL. "Cardiovascular and respiratory adjustments in normal volunteers during modified exercise tests in comparison to standard exercise tests." Respirology 1, no. 1 (1996): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1843.1996.tb00011.x.

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Luo, Y. M., R. F. Li, C. Jolley, et al. "Neural Respiratory Drive in Patients with COPD during Exercise Tests." Respiration 81, no. 4 (2011): 294–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000317136.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Exercise tests. Respiratory organs"

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Stolarski, Susan Marie. "The effect of a high intensity bout of exercise on maximum expiratory pressure in highly trained individuals." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09122009-040411/.

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Powell, Tom. "Work of breathing in exercise and disease." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2010. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/work-of-breathing-in-exercise-and-disease(51104f52-5c03-4a4a-8c0a-f951fdf6388e).html.

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This thesis is focussed on developing new methods and outcomes to assess respiratory function that require little or no volitional effort on behalf of the participants being tested. Specifically to attempt to detach the behaviour of the patient from the accuracy of the test of respiratory function, resulting in techniques that are simpler and easier to administer and undertake for both assessor and participant. It aims to develop methods that reduce the involvement of the participant during assessment of respiratory function. The human body’s way of controlling respiration has evolved into a sophisticated system that optimises breathing pattern to maintain the most efficient homeostatic action of the respiratory system. Eliciting and assessing this automatic response is the key to removing the action of participation from respiratory functiontesting. The focus must therefore be on developing non-invasive, sub-maximal techniques that allow participants to enter into a steady state of respiration and how this can be assessed. Two techniques were investigated; Respiratory Endurance (as the inspiratory work of breathing) and Tidal Breathing Flow Profile, and these were successfully applied in 99 adult participants (68 healthy controls and 31 COPD patients) and 75 children (48 clinical group and 27 healthy controls) who completed 467 respiratory endurance trials whilst seated and exercising, and 249 relaxed tidal breathing trials. The difficulties with lung function assessment are well established and have been described in this thesis. Much recent emphasis has been put on developing existing devices and protocols rather than developing new techniques and approaching these difficulties from alternative viewpoints. This thesis has described the development of innovative techniques to assess the function of the respiratory systems that aim to overcome the issues associated with maximal testing. It was shown that these techniques are easy to undertake for a range of participants, simple to analyse and are able to reliably differentiate between health and disease, suggesting that they could become a useful adjunct to existing methods of respiratory assessment.

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Svantesson, Cecilia. "Respiratory mechanics during mechanical ventilation in health and in disease." Lund : Dept. of Clinical Psychology, Lund University, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38987113.html.

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Pandit, Jaideep Jagdeesh. "The effects of exercise on the chemical control of breathing in man." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:09156247-2a9b-4c25-b51a-7b3669d6319e.

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This thesis is concerned with the chemical control of breathing during exercise in humans. Chapter 1 reviews some of the relevant studies in animals and humans. Chapter 2 describes the experimental apparatus and the technique of dynamic end-tidal forcing performed using a computer-controlled gas-mixing system. Chapter 3 describes a study of the effects of sustained hypoxia on ventilation during steady exercise. The acute ventilatory response to hypoxia (AHR) was increased during exercise as compared with rest, but the magnitude of the subsequent decline in ventilation (HVD), expressed as a fraction of the AHR, was reduced. A simple model of the hypoxic peripheral chemoreflex is proposed, in which the mechanisms underlying AHR and HVD are functionally separate and can be independently modulated by external factors. Chapter 4 assesses changes in peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity to hypoxia in terms of the degree of decline in AHR measured in the resting periods shortly after prior conditioning periods of hypoxia and/or exercise. At rest, a second AHR measured 6 min after a period of sustained hypoxia had declined by 30% as compared with the initial AHR. In contrast, the AHR measured in the resting period after a period of sustained hypoxic exercise was only 11% smaller in magnitude than the AHR measured after a period of euoxic exercise. The results suggest that the degree to which hypoxic sensitivity declines during sustained hypoxia is genuinely attenuated, rather than masked, by exercise. Chapter 5 describes the changes in respiration during prolonged exercise breathing air with and without added CO<sub>2</sub>. During prolonged poikilocapnic exercise, ventilation remained constant, but metabolic CO<sub>2</sub> production, respiratory quotient and end-tidal P<sub>CO2</sub> declined; a result which suggests that in man, ventilation can be dissociated from the CO<sub>2</sub> flux. During hypercapnic exercise, ventilation progressively increased; this was interpreted as being due to a correction by end-tidal forcing of the natural tendency for end-tidal CO<sub>2</sub> to decline, together with an independent effect of CO<sub>2</sub> per se on the ventilation. Chapter 6. Electrical muscle stimulation was used as means of inducing non-volitional exercise. Electrically-induced exercise increased the AHR as compared with rest, and with voluntary exercise at matched external work rate. The AHRs during electrical stimulation and voluntary exercise matched to the internal work rate were similar. Chapter 7. Electrical muscle stimulation was used in paraplegic subjects in whom there would be no neural control of exercise. Electrically-induced exercise increased the AHR as compared with rest. When compared with the data from Chapter 6, the results suggest that the observed increase in AHR during normal voluntary exercise can be wholly accounted for by the increase in metabolic CO<sub>2</sub> production, or closely related factors. Chapter 8 presents a brief summary of the findings in this thesis.

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Hafezi, Nazila. "An integrated software package for model-based neuro-fuzzy classification of small airway dysfunction." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Odendal, Elsabe. "Pulmonary function and acid-base balance high intensity constant-load exercise." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27123.

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The possibility that an inadequate response of the pulmonary system might limit high intensity exercise in man has received increasing attention over the past few years. However, very few scientific investigations have focused systematically on pulmonary function during high intensity constant-load exercise. Furthermore, many studies have examined only one part of the pulmonary system during exercise and some have not included blood gas measurements as a measure of the adequacy of pulmonary function. The studies reported in this thesis were designed to investigate the possible failure of the gas exchanging and pump functions of the pulmonary system during high intensity constant-load exercise. In particular, the aim was to determine the extent to which the pulmonary system might be a factor causing fatigue during this form of exercise.

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Jing, Yi. "Epithelial mechanisms in airway responses induced by hyperosmolarity." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5054.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 155 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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Hernandez, Raymundo. "Circulatory and Respiratory Responses to Cycle Ergometry at Different Pedal Rates." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc503894/.

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The effects of moderate workload exercise at different pedal rates on circulatory and respiratory parameters were studied. Five subjects performed seven discontinuous constant-load cycle ergometer tests of 30 minutes duration at pedal rates of 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 rpm. Oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production were determined by standard open circuit spirometry, while heart rate was recorded by electrocardiograph. The CO₂ rebreathing procedure was administered during the exercise bout in order to determine cardiac output. Blood pressure was determined for each test, and total peripheral resistance was calculated. The findings indicate that progressive increases in pedal frequency during discontinuous constant-load cycle ergometry produce progressive increases in cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic responses and a decrease in gross exercise mechanical efficiency. The results indicate that oxygen uptake, cardiac output, heart rate, ventilation and arterial-venous oxygen difference increases curvilinearly as pedal rate increases, possibly as a result of increases in recruitment of muscle fibers and/or muscle groups. These findings suggest that circulatory and respiratory responses are due to "central command" which sets the basic efferent response pattern. However, this effector pattern is modulated by afferent input originating from the legs during progressive increases in pedal rate.

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Maduko, Elizabeth. "Development and testing of a neuro-fuzzy classification system for IOS data in asthmatic children." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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Ferreira, Mariana Simões 1986. "Avaliação da função pulmonar e do desempenho físico de crianças e adolescentes obesos." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310004.

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Orientadores: José Dirceu Ribeiro, Roberto Teixeira Mendes<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T16:54:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferreira_MarianaSimoes_M.pdf: 5739464 bytes, checksum: abb2c5783cd7efbdeabd6603cefc1e4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013<br>Resumo: Os efeitos da obesidade na função pulmonar de crianças e jovens ainda não estabelecidos, havendo grande divergência na literatura. Além disso, não é claro o momento em que se inicia o comprometimento da função pulmonar pela obesidade e tampouco a relação desta alteração com o condicionamento físico. Objetivo: Avaliar a função pulmonar e o condicionamento físico de crianças e adolescentes obesos e compará-los com um grupo controle de indivíduos saudáveis. Método: Estudo transversal e analítico que incluiu 38 obesos, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 5 e 17 anos e controles da mesma faixa etária. A função pulmonar dos participantes foi avaliada por meio da espirometria, que foi realizada segundo os padrões da American Thoracic Society (ATS) e da European Respiratory Society (ERS), e também pela Capnografia Volumétrica (CV). Os obesos repetiram as avaliações após o uso de broncodilatador. O teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6) foi utilizado para a avaliação do desempenho físico e sua realização seguiu os critérios da ATS. Resultados: Na espirometria, os obesos apresentaram capacidade vital forçada (CVF) significantemente maior do que os eutróficos (p=0,03) e valores significantemente menores no Índice de Tiffeneau (VEF1/CVF) (p<0,01) e em todos os fluxos expiratórios forçados (p<0,01), caracterizando distúrbio obstrutivo por fluxos em 36,8% dos obesos. Em relação à CV, os obesos apresentaram o volume minuto alveolar (VMalv) (p=0,04), o volume corrente (VC) (p=0,05), o volume corrente alveolar (VCalv) (p=0,02) e o volume produzido de dióxido de carbono (VCO2) (p<0,01) maiores do que os eutróficos, enquanto a relação entre o volume espaço morto e o volume corrente (VD/VC) (p=0,02) e o Slope da fase 3 corrigido pelo volume exalado (Slp3/Ve) (p=0,01) foi menor entre os obesos. A distância percorrida (DP) no TC6 foi significativamente menor no grupo obeso (p<0,01), apesar de realizarem um trabalho (T) maior para isso (p<0,01). As alterações na função pulmonar dos obesos não se correlacionaram diretamente com o desempenho no TC6. Entretanto, observou-se correlação entre a função pulmonar e as variáveis representativas do esforço durante o exercício. Conclusão: As crianças e adolescentes obesos apresentaram comprometimento da função pulmonar e do desempenho físico. Não se observou relação direta entre estes comprometimentos e sim associação da função pulmonar com mecanismos indicativos do esforço<br>Abstract: The effects of obesity in children and adolescents' lung function are not established, and there is a considerable disagreement in literature about this subject. Furthermore, it is not clear when the damages, caused by obesity, begin, neither the relation between lung function and the physical performance. Aim: To assess the lung function and the performance of obese children and adolescents and, to compare them with a control group of healthy subjects. Method: Cross-sectional and analytical study including 38 obese subjects, of both sexes, aged between 5 and 17 years old and control group at same age. Lung function was assessed by Spirometry, performed according to American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS), and also by Volumetric Capnography (VC). The obese group has repeated the procedures after bronchodilator (BD) use. The Six Minute Walk Test (6MW) evaluated the performance, and followed the ATS standards. Results: In spirometry, obese group had significantly higher forced vital capacity (FVC) (p=0.03) than the control group and significantly lower values in Tiffeneau index (FEV1/FVC) and in all forced expiratory flows (p<0.01), resulting in obstruction by the flows in 36.8% of obese group. Regarding VC, obese group had alveolar minute volume (VMalv) (p=0.04), tidal volume (VT) (p=0.05), alveolar tidal volume (VTalv) (p=0.02) and carbon dioxide volume (VCO2) (p<0.01) significantly higher than healthy group, and the relation between dead space volume and tidal volume (VD/VT) (p=0.02) and the phase 3 slope adjusted for exhaled volume (Slp3/Ve) (p=0.01) was significantly lower in obese group. Walked distance (WD) in 6MWT was significantly shorter in obese patients (p<0.01), despite performing greater work (W) for doing that (p<0.01). Obese changes in lung function did not correlated with the performance in 6MWT. However, there was correlation between lung function and variables which indicates the effort during exercise. Conclusion: Obese children and adolescents had lung function and performance damages. There were no relation between both damages and there was association between lung function and effort indicative tools<br>Mestrado<br>Saude da Criança e do Adolescente<br>Mestra em Ciências

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Books on the topic "Exercise tests. Respiratory organs"

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Zavala, Donald C. Manual on exercise testing: A training handbook. University of Iowa, 1985.

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Zavala, Donald C. Manual on exercise testing: A training handbook. 2nd ed. University of Iowa, 1987.

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Zavala, Donald C. Manual on exercise testing: A training handbook. 3rd ed. University of Iowa, 1993.

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Diagnostic tests in respiratory medicine. Chapman and Hall, 1988.

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Gibson, G. J. Clinical tests of respiratory function. 2nd ed. Chapman & Hall Medical, 1996.

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Clinical tests of respiratory function. 3rd ed. Hodder Arnold, 2009.

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Shiner, Robert J. Lung function tests. Elsevier, 2012.

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Essentials of cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Human Kinetics, 1996.

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Carl, Moores, and Britton Robert, eds. The respiratory system. Churchill Livingstone, 2003.

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Carl, Moores, ed. The respiratory system: Basic science and clinical conditions. 2nd ed. Churchill Livingstone, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Exercise tests. Respiratory organs"

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Gibson, G. J. "Respiratory function tests." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Pallav L. Shah. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0399.

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Respiratory function tests are used in diagnosis, assessment, and prognosis and in monitoring the effects of treatment of various respiratory conditions. In the diagnosis of specific diseases, respiratory function tests—like functional tests of other organs—inevitably have limitations. Their use as a diagnostic tool is in recognizing patterns of abnormality which characterize particular types of disease; more often they are used to quantify the severity of functional disturbance or to locate the likely anatomical site(s) of disease (airways, alveoli, or chest wall). The commonly applied tests are most conveniently classified as (1) tests of respiratory mechanics, (2) carbon monoxide uptake, (3) arterial blood gases and acid–base balance, and (4) exercise.

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"Exercise tests." In Clinical Tests of Respiratory Function 3rd Edition. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13346-9.

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Kinnear, William J. M., and James H. Hull. "Additional respiratory measurements." In A Practical Guide to the Interpretation of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests, edited by William J. M. Kinnear and James H. Hull. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834397.003.0015.

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This chapter describes how additional information can be obtained during an exercise test to detect the airflow obstruction of exercise-induced asthma. The forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) may fall a few minutes after cessation of exercise, but this test is not particularly sensitive for detecting exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. The flow–volume loop during exercise can be compared with the pre-test maximal trace to detect expiratory airflow limitation. Addition of inspiratory capacity measurements can be helpful. The flow–volume loop may also suggest exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction, which can be confirmed by continuous fibreoptic laryngoscopy during exercise.

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Kinnear, William J. M., and James H. Hull. "Respiratory compensation point." In A Practical Guide to the Interpretation of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests, edited by William J. M. Kinnear and James H. Hull. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834397.003.0013.

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This chapter describes how acidaemia stimulates ventilation in the later stages of a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). This happens after the anaerobic threshold, once the capacity of the blood to buffer lactic acid has been used up. The respiratory compensation point (RCP) can be identified from an increase in the slope when minute ventilation (VE) is plotted against carbon dioxide output (VCO<sub>2</sub>), or from a rise in the ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide (VeqCO<sub>2</sub>). The presence of a clear RCP indicates that the subject has made a fairly maximal effort during the CPET. An RCP also argues against significant lung disease, since it implies the ability to increase ventilation in response to acidaemia.

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Kinnear, William J. M., and James H. Hull. "Respiratory exchange ratio." In A Practical Guide to the Interpretation of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Tests, edited by William J. M. Kinnear and James H. Hull. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834397.003.0010.

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This chapter describes how the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) is calculated by dividing carbon dioxide output (VCO<sub>2</sub>) by the oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2</sub>). At the start of a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), this ratio is less than 1.0. Once anaerobic metabolism starts to kick in, more carbon dioxide is produced from buffering of lactic acid and the RER starts to climb. At peak exercise, RER values of 1.4 or higher indicate that the subject’s effort is pretty maximal. An erratic RER trace is seen in dysfunctional breathing, when psychological, rather than physiological, processes are involved in controlling breathing.

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Kinnear, William, and John Blakey. "Respiratory exchange ratio." In A Practical Guide to the Interpretation of Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Tests. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198702467.003.0008.

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Kinnear, William, and John Blakey. "Respiratory compensation point." In A Practical Guide to the Interpretation of Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Tests. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198702467.003.0011.

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Jensen, Jørgen Skov, and David Taylor-Robinson. "Mycoplasmas." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Christopher P. Conlon. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0150.

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Mycoplasmas are the smallest self-replicating prokaryotes. They are devoid of cell walls, with the plasticity of their outer membrane favouring pleomorphism, although some have a characteristic flask-shaped appearance. Mycoplasmas recovered from humans belong to the genera Mycoplasma (14 species and one candidatus species) and Ureaplasma (two species). They are predominantly found in the respiratory and genital tracts, but sometimes invade the bloodstream and thus gain access to joints and other organs. Diagnosis is made by nucleic acid amplification tests and/or serology. Culture is slow and of limited value in clinical diagnosis. Apart from supportive care, treatment is usually with tetracyclines or macrolides, although an increasing prevalence of macrolide resistance is seen, primarily in Asia. There is no commercially available effective vaccine.

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