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Journal articles on the topic 'Exercise therapy t'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Ferri-Caruana, Ana, Luís Millán-González, Xavier García-Massó, Soraya Pérez-Nombela, Maite Pellicer-Chenoll, and Pilar Serra-Añó. "Motivation to Physical Exercise in Manual Wheelchair Users With Paraplegia." Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation 26, no. 1 (December 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/sci2601-01.

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Background: Motivation could be considered as a critical factor for being and staying physically active in the spinal cord–injured population. Objectives: Our goals were (1) to describe motivation to exercise in people with paraplegia, comparing those who engage in regular physical exercise with those who do not and (2) to establish whether such motivation is related to the type of physical exercise practiced. Methods: This study was quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive research. One-hundred and six participants with chronic paraplegia completed the Spanish version of the Exercise Motivations Inventory (EMI-2). Participants were divided into the non-exerciser group (NEG) and the exerciser group (EG). EG was subclassified into sports players (SPs) and physical exercisers (PEs). Results: Participants in both EG and NEG presented a similar motivation toward physical exercise. The most important motive to practice or to adhere to exercise in participants with SCI was ill-health avoidance (mean, 8.45; SD, 1.33). Fitness was the second most important motive (ie, nimbleness, flexibility, strength, and endurance). Motives that distinguished EG from NEG included enjoyment and revitalization [ t(41.9) = −2.54, p < .05, r = 0.36], competition [ t(56.8) = 2.24, p < .05, r = 0.28], and health pressure [ t(104) = 3.22, p < .01, r = 0.30]. Furthermore, we found that motivation was related to the type of physical exercise performed. SPs showed a statistically significantly higher score for competition and enjoyment and revitalization than PEs ( p < .05). Conclusion: Ill-health avoidance and fitness are the key motivational factors to practice and adhere to physical exercise. Motivation is related to the type of physical exercise performed. Health providers need to understand these factors to promote and sustain long-term adherence to exercise in the SCI population.

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Farlie, Melanie K., Jennifer L. Keating, Elizabeth Molloy, Kelly-Ann Bowles, Becky Neave, Jessica Yamin, Jussyan Weightman, Kelly Saber, and Terry P. Haines. "The Balance Intensity Scales for Therapists and Exercisers Measure Balance Exercise Intensity in Older Adults: Initial Validation Using Rasch Analysis." Physical Therapy 99, no. 10 (July 16, 2019): 1394–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzz092.

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Abstract Background The Balance Intensity Scales (BIS) have been developed to measure the intensity of balance exercise in older adults. Objective The objective was to determine whether the BIS for therapists (BIS-T) and for exercisers (BIS-E) are unidimensional measures of balance exercise intensity, able to be refined using the Rasch model into a hierarchical item order, and appropriately targeted for the older adult population with a variety of diagnoses in a range of exercise testing settings. Design This was a scale development study using a pragmatic mixed-methods approach. Methods Older adult exercisers (n = 108) and their therapists (n = 33) were recruited from a large metropolitan health service and rated balance exercise tasks on the BIS-T and BIS-E in a single session. Results Scores on both the BIS items and global effort ratings for therapists and exercisers had good correlation and demonstrated unidimensionality. The BIS-T and BIS-E demonstrated a hierarchical distribution of items that fit the Rasch model. The Person Separation Index was moderate (0.62) for the BIS-T but poor (0.33) for the BIS-E. Limitations The limitations were that therapists in this study underprescribed high-intensity balance tasks. Conclusions Initial validation of the BIS-T and the BIS-E demonstrated that these scales can be used for the measurement of balance exercise intensity in older adult populations. The BIS-T items and global effort ratings are recommended for use by therapists, and the global effort ratings are recommended for use by exercisers. Ongoing validation of both scales using high-intensity balance task ratings and different populations of older adults is recommended.

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Middleton, Natalie, Rob Shave, Keith George, Emma Hart, David Gaze, Greg Whyte, and Greg Atkinson. "Post-Exercise Cardiac TVoponin T." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 39, Supplement (May 2007): S286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000274104.61206.b7.

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Parezanovic-Ilic, Katarina, Branislav Jeremic, Ljiljana Mladenovic-Segedi, Slobodan Arsenijevic, and Milorad Jevtic. "Physical therapy in the treatment of stress urinary incontinence." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 139, no. 9-10 (2011): 638–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1110638p.

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Introduction. Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is an involuntary release of urine through the urethra during the increase of abdominal pressure in the absence of m. detrusor contraction. The exercise of pelvic floor muscles is recommended as the first line of cure. It is the least invasive and the only method without any undesirable side effects, which leads to either improvement or complete cure of SUI in 80-85% of cases. Objective. The aim of this study was to establish whether the strengthening of pelvic floor muscles using proprioceptive neural facilitation (PNF) spiral dynamic technique was more efficient in comparison to classical Kegel exercise. Methods. The research was carried out at the Centre for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Clinical Centre Kragujevac. Sixty-six female patients with the symptoms of SUI were monitored in the period of two years. Thirty-four patients did pelvic floor muscle exercises twice a day, in the morning and in the evening, with 15-20 contractions. Thirty-two patients used PNF spiral dynamic technique for strengthening pelvic floor muscles. The patients who used the spiral dynamic technique also did some exercises from the program; they exercised twice a day, in the morning and in the evening, following the prescribed schedule. Treatment outcome was assessed by measuring the pelvic floor muscles by a vaginal dynamometer. Results. The values of the pelvic floor muscle force that were measured using the vaginal dynamometer in both examined groups (PNF spiral dynamic technique or Kegel exercise) were statistically significantly higher after the implemented exercise program (t-test; p=0.000). No statistically significant difference in pelvic floor muscle values was found between the patients who applied PNF spiral dynamic technique and those who did Kegel exercise either before or after the exercise (two-factor analysis of variance with repeated measurements, factor of exercise type; p=0.899). Conclusion. Strengthening of pelvic floor muscles by exercises results in a significant increase of pelvic floor muscle strength and reduction of SUI symptoms, regardless of the used exercise program, PNF spiral dynamic technique or Kegel exercise program.

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Shanker, Bhargava, D. Rajesh Reddy, and N. S. S. N. Balaji. "Comparison of exercise therapy and ultrasonic therapy in the treatment of shoulder impingement syndrome." International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research 9, no. 3 (June 11, 2021): 3825–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2021.121.

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Background: The shoulder is one of the most frequent sites of musculoskeletal pain, incidence of shoulder pain in primary care patients is estimated to be 11.2 per 1000 per year. a considerable number of people with shoulder pain (41%) show persistent symptoms after 1 year. Comparing the exercise therapy and ultrasound therapy (UST) for impingement syndrome. Methodology: The study was conducted at OPD of MNR Hospital in Sangareddy. The study was conducted for a period of 3 weeks. A total number of 30 subjects were selected by simple random sampling after explained to all the participants and an informed consent was taken from each subject. 30 subjects were randomly divided into 2 Groups. Exercise therapy was given to Group 1 and UST was given to Group 2. Both the Groups received exercise therapy and ultrasonic therapy in shoulder impingement syndrome. Subjects were evaluated pre and post treatment for VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) score, SPADI SCORE (Shoulder Pain and disability index) shoulder ROM. Outcome measures: VAS scale, SPADI score. Results and Discussion: To test the significance of the mean difference of two groups, unpaired t test was done. It is statistically shown that there is some significant impact in the parameters VAS, SPADI and shoulder ROM. The results showed that, group-I had more significant improvement in all parameters than group –II. Conclusion: It is concluded that exercise therapy is better than ultrasonic therapy for subjects with shoulder impingement syndrome. KEY WORDS: Exercise Therapy, Ultrasonic Therapy, Shoulder Pain and disability index, Range of Motion.

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SHAVE, ROBERT, KEITH P. GEORGE, GREG ATKINSON, EMMA HART, NATALIE MIDDLETON, GREG WHYTE, DAVID GAZE, and PAUL O. COLLINSON. "Exercise-Induced Cardiac Troponin T Release." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 39, no. 12 (December 2007): 2099–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e318153ff78.

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Hapsari, Shindi, Sonhaji Sonhaji, and Nindya Nurulia. "Effectiveness of Range of Motion (ROM) Fingers and Spherical grip to Extremity Strength in Non Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients." STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 1650–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/sjik.v9i2.509.

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This research is an experimental study with the design of the control group. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The study's population was 32. The intervention group (n=16) respondents were given ROM therapy exercises of fingers and spherical grip, control group (n=16) respondents by giving ROM therapy exercise fingers. Exercise is done 2 times a day and done in 3 days for 15-20 minutes each time. Data analysis using Shapiro-Wilk, dependent paired t-test, and independent t-test. Statistical analysis results obtained by the intervention group (Range Of Motion therapy exercises (ROM) of the fingers of the hand and spherical grip exerted a more effective influence compared to the administration of therapy on the control group (ROM) of the fingers of the hand) get an average difference in extremity muscle strength with a p-value of 0.000

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Michielsen, Etienne C. H. J., Will K. W. H. Wodzig, and Marja P. Van Dieijen-Visser. "Cardiac Troponin T Release after Prolonged Strenuous Exercise." Sports Medicine 38, no. 5 (2008): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838050-00005.

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Anjarsari, Dinda Risma Putri, Abdul Hanan, and Esti Widiani. "Perpaduan Isometric Exercise dan Latihan Pernafasan Yoga Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi di Desa Mojojajar Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kedungsari Kabupaten Mojokerto." Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas 10, no. 1 (June 19, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jka.v10i1.1601.

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One of the non-pharmacological treatments that can be done to lower blood pressure is to increase the patient's physical activity, such as Isometric Exercise and Yoga breathing exercises. Objectives: To determined isometric exercise and yoga breathing on reducing blood pressure in hypertension. Methods: This study used a pre-experimental design with a one-group pretest-postest design. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The number of samples in this study was 25 people. Results: The paired t-test statistical test results were a decrease in blood pressure after being given the intervention of isometric exercise and yoga breathing exercises with a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05). Conclusion: Isometric exercise and yoga breathing exercises can be an alternative non-pharmacological therapy to reduce blood pressure in hypertension.Keywords: Isometric Exercise, Yoga Breathing Exercise, Hypertension

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Wang, Aibo, and Caixia Wang. "RESEARCH ON THE APPLICATION OF SPORT DANCE IN COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES IN THE HEALTHY DEVELOPMENT OF SPORTS." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 27, no. 5 (September 2021): 464–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202127042021_0076.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Immunity is closely related to health. When the body's immunity is strong, it is healthy. On the contrary, various diseases appear. Sports dance is an entertainment and fitness sports project that integrates sports, music, aesthetics, and dance, the body movement dance as the necessary content and two-person or collective exercises as the primary form of exercise. Studies have shown that long-term adherence to Tai Chi exercise can significantly increase the serum immunoglobulin IgA, IgG, and IgM levels. Objective: The paper explores the effect of physical dance exercise on serum immunoglobulin and T lymphocyte subsets of college students. Methods: The thesis randomly selected 16 male and female students in the first-grade physical dance optional course of public physical education as the experimental group. They performed physical dance exercises three times a week, 40 minutes each time, and the training intensity was controlled at a heart rate of 135-150 beats/min. Ten weeks; besides, 16 male and female students in the first grade were selected as the control group, and no physical dance exercise was performed; all the subjects were drawn from the elbow venous blood on an empty stomach at the same time before and after the experiment to measure serum immunoglobulin and T lymph Cell subpopulation content. Results: After ten weeks of sports dance training, the serum immunoglobulin IgG of both men and women in the experimental group increased significantly (P<0.01), and the CD4+% and CD4+/CD8+ ratio of T lymphocyte subgroups showed extremely significant and significant increases (P <0.01, P<0.05), serum IgM tended to increase, IgA, CD8+% tended to decrease, but there was no significant change. Conclusions: Long-term physical dance exercise can improve the body's immune function. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

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Carvalho, Cristiane Junqueira de, João Carlos Bouzas Marins, Carlos Gabriel de Lade, Pollyana de Rezende Castilho, Hamilton Henrique Teixeira Reis, Paulo Roberto dos Santos Amorim, and Luciana Moreira Lima. "AEROBIC AND RESISTANCE EXERCISE IN PATIENTS WITH RESISTANT HYPERTENSION." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 25, no. 2 (April 2019): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220192502175333.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Physical training is recommended by current guidelines as a preventive measure and as a tool to supplement pharmacological therapy in the treatment of hypertension and its pathological manifestations. However, there is considerable uncertainty regarding the best training prescription for blood pressure control in patients with resistant hypertension. Objective: To evaluate the effect, over twelve weeks, of an aerobic and resistance exercise program on blood pressure, anthropometric and biochemical parameters of patients with resistant hypertension. Methods: Eleven patients with resistant hypertension were randomly divided into two groups: resistance training and aerobic training. Blood pressure was recorded by 24-hour outpatient monitoring before and after 12-week training. The Student t-test was used to compare resistance and aerobic exercise groups, while the paired t and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze pre- and post-exercise data. The level of significance was 0.05. Results: In the group that underwent aerobic training, mean systolic, diastolic and total blood pressure readings were significantly lower over the 24 hours analyzed, dropping by 14 mmHg, 7 mmHg and 10 mmHg, respectively, and in the waking period. The resistance training group showed no significant change in blood pressure, despite the significant improvement in HDL levels. Conclusion: Twelve weeks of aerobic exercises resulted in significantly lowered blood pressure in individuals with resistant hypertension, while resistance exercises were more effective in increasing HDL. Level of evidence II, Therapeutic study.

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Erkmen, Nurtekin, Sibel Suveren, and Ahmet Göktepe. "Effects of Exercise Continued Until Anaerobic Threshold on Balance Performance in Male Basketball Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 33, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0046-0.

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Effects of Exercise Continued Until Anaerobic Threshold on Balance Performance in Male Basketball PlayersThe objective of the present study was to determine the effects of exercise continued until the anaerobic threshold on balance performance in basketball players. Twelve male basketball players (age = 20.92 ± 2.81 years, body height = 192.72 ± 7.61 cm, body mass = 88.09 ± 8.41 kg, training experience = 7.17 ± 3.10 years) volunteered to participate in this study. A Kinesthetic Ability Trainer (KAT 2000 stabilometer) was used to measure the balance performance. Balance tests consisted of static tests on dominant, nondominant and double leg stance. The Bruce Protocol was performed by means of a treadmill. The exercise protocol was terminated when the subject passed the anaerobic threshold. After the exercise protocol, balance measurements were immediately repeated. Statistical differences between pre and post-exercise for dominant, nondominant and double leg stance were determined by the paired samples t-test according to the results of the test of normality. The post-exercise balance score on the dominant leg was significantly higher than pre-exercise (t = -2.758, p < 0.05). No differences existed between pre- and postexercise in the balance scores of the nondominant leg after the exercise protocol (t = 0.428, p > 0.05). A significant difference was found between pre and post-exercise balance scores in the double leg stance (t = -2.354, p < 0.05). The main finding of this study was that an incremental exercise continued until the anaerobic threshold decreased balance performance on the dominant leg in basketball players, but did not alter it in the nondominant leg.

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Janney, C. A., R. A. Washburn, and C. Caswell. "271 WHY OLDER BLACKS AND WHITES DON??T EXERCISE?" Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 22, no. 2 (April 1990): S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199004000-00271.

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Ceddia, M. A., and J. A. Woods. "EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE DECREASES MACROPHAGE ANTIGEN PRESENTATION TO T-LYMPHOCYTES." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 30, Supplement (May 1998): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199805001-00102.

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Janikowska, Grażyna, Aleksandra Kochańska-Dziurowicz, Ilona Pokora, and Aleksandra Żebrowska. "Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers and Endocrine Responses to Exercise in Female Soccer Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 73, no. 1 (July 21, 2020): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2020-0005.

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AbstractThe objective of the study to determine the effects of graded exercise on the cytokines and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), growth hormone (hGH), testosterone (T), and cortisol (C) concentrations in the peripheral blood of female soccer players, and to evaluate if increased inflammatory biomarkers were related to these hormones and performance variables. Sixteen female soccer players (N = 16, age 19.3 ± 2.3 years) participated in this study. Blood samples were collected at three time points: pre-exercise, post-exercise, and in the 15th minute of recovery, to evaluate morphological and biochemical variables. The relative expression of IL-6 (interleukin 6) and serum concentrations of the cytokines were increased in the recovery period compared to pre-exercise levels (p = 0.03 and p=0.005, respectively). There was a significant effect of exercise on serum hGH level (p “ 0.001), T/C ratio (p = 0.001), and C level (p=0.02). Positive correlations were found between: post-exercise IL-1β (interleukin 1 beta) and IL-6 (R = 0.84, p = 0.000), and the IL-6 and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha) gene expression during recovery (R = 0.65, p = 0.009), and serum IL-1β post-exercise and maximal power (R = 0.68; p = 0.004). Exercise-induced serum C levels positively correlated with IGF-1 levels (R = 0.52 p = 0.05). Negative associations were revealed between post-exercise T/C ratio and IGF-1 (R = - 0.58, p = 0.03) and serum free T and IL- β (R = -0.56, p = 0.04) levels. The low level of pre-exercise genes and protein of the IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α indicate a lack of inflammation signs in the female soccer players. This study shows significant effects of exercise on hormone levels and pro-inflammatory markers, which could be used to identify the role of female sex steroids on the immune function.

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Kang, Jie, Elizabeth O’Grady, Avery D. Faigenbaum, Jill A. Bush, Ira Vought, Nicole Ellis, Jeremy Kuper, and Nicholas A. Ratamess. "Cardiometabolic responses of body-weight exercises with and without vibration." Kinesiology 51, no. 1 (2019): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26582/k.51.1.12.

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This investigation examined the interactive effect of body-weight (BW) exercises and vibration on cardiometabolic responses. Fourteen subjects performed a BW exercise protocol with (BW+V) and without (BW‒V) vibration in a randomized order. The BW exercise protocol consisted of three circuits of eight calisthenics-based exercises including prisoner squat, push-up, isometric squat, reverse dip, lunge, flutter kicks, isometric lunge, and T push-up. Vibratory frequency and amplitude were set at 40 Hz and 4 mm, respectively. Oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate (HR), expired ventilation (VE), and blood lactate [La] were determined during the protocol and 30-minute recovery. The mean VO2 reached 48% and 50% of VO2max and the mean HR reached 80% and 83% of HRmax in BW‒V and BW+V, respectively. During the protocol, while the mean VE was greater (p=.031) in BW+V than BW‒V, no differences were seen for VO2 and HR between the two conditions. During recovery, while mean VO2 was greater (p=.002) in BW+V than BW-V, no differences were seen for VE and HR between the two conditions. [La] values were significantly elevated but remained similar between the two conditions. Exercise-specific VO2 was higher during the prisoner squat (p=.003) and isometric squat (p=.042) in BW+V than BW‒V, while no differences in VO2 were observed for all other exercises. Performing three circuits of eight BW exercises in a rapid-and-intense manner produced a sufficient increase in cardiometabolic responses. Metabolic potentiation associated with combining vibration with BW exercises seemed to be influenced by how the exercises were carried out on a vibration plate.

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Mikołajczyk, Rafał, Marcin Sikora, Grzegorz Mikrut, Tomasz Zając, and Aleksandra Żebrowska. "Hormonal Response to Incremental and Continuous Exercise in Cyclists with Left Ventricle Hypertrophy." Journal of Human Kinetics 71, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0120.

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AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of incremental and continuous exercise on the concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), growth hormone (GH), testosterone (T), and cortisol (C), as well as to investigate whether increased cardiac dimensions in cyclists were related to changes in these hormones and cardiac biomarkers. The study included 30 elite cyclists divided into two groups, i.e., athletes with left ventricle hypertrophy (a LVH group), and a control group (CG) without LVH. The study protocol included performance of a standard incremental exercise (IncEx) test to measure athletes’ maximum power (Pmax), maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), and lactate threshold (LAT). The IncEx test results were then used to determine the intensity of the continuous exercise (ConEx) test which was performed after the 1-week washout period. Cyclists with LVH and without LVH did not differ in resting hormone concentrations and cardiac biomarkers levels. There was a significant effect of exercise on serum IGF-1 levels (p < 0.05) in the LVH group and a combined effect of the type of exercise and LVH on IGF-1 (p < 0.05). Cyclists with LVH demonstrated higher post exercise T levels recorded in response to exercise compared to the CG (p < 0.01). Significantly higher serum T levels were observed in response to ConEx compared to IncEx in the LVH group and the CG (p < 0.05 and p < 0.05, respectively). In the LVH group, a significant positive correlation between the post-exercise T/C ratio and left ventricular mass index was observed (r = 0.98, p < 0.01). There were no effects of heart hypertrophy on cardiac standard biomarkers. Incremental and continuous exercise caused a marked increase in steroid hormone concentrations and moderate strengthening of insulin growth factors effects. Regular incremental exercise seems to induce beneficial cardiac adaptations via significant increases in the concentration of anabolic factors compared to the same training mode yet with constant exercise intensity.

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Peterson, Hunter D., Alexander K. Holbrook, Allyson Ihlenfeldt, Brad W. Macdonald, Samantha A. Bianchi, Eric C. Bredahl, Michael A. Belshan, and Jacob A. Siedlik. "Changes In Functional Activation Of Memory T Cells Following Exercise." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 50, no. 5S (May 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000535095.73024.1f.

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LIU, RENYI, WEI FAN, KARSTEN KRÜGER, YU XIAO, CHRISTIAN PILAT, MICHAEL SEIMETZ, ROBERT RINGSEIS, et al. "Exercise Affects T-Cell Function by Modifying Intracellular Calcium Homeostasis." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 49, no. 1 (January 2017): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000001080.

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Zaldivar, Frank, Pietro Galassetti, Lori D. Wilson, Shlomit Aizik-Radom, Dan M. Cooper, and Vince Caiozzo. "Effects of Exercise Serum Factors on Jurkat T-cell Cytokines." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38, Supplement (May 2006): S306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-02195.

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Dieli-Conwright, Christina M., Tanya M. Spektor, Judd C. Rice, and E. Todd Schroeder. "Hormone therapy attenuates exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage in postmenopausal women." Journal of Applied Physiology 107, no. 3 (September 2009): 853–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00404.2009.

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Hormone therapy (HT) is a potential treatment to relieve symptoms of menopause and prevent the onset of disease such as osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. We evaluated changes in markers of exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage and inflammation [serum creatine kinase (CK), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and skeletal muscle mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, and TNF-α] in postmenopausal women after a high-intensity resistance exercise bout. Fourteen postmenopausal women were divided into two groups: women not using HT (control; n = 6, 59 ± 4 yr, 63 ± 17 kg) and women using traditional HT (HT; n = 8, 59 ± 4 yr, 89 ± 24 kg). Both groups performed 10 sets of 10 maximal eccentric repetitions of single-leg extension on the Cybex dynamometer at 60°/s with 20-s rest periods between sets. Muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were obtained from the exercised leg at baseline and 4 h after the exercise bout. Gene expression was determined by RT-PCR for IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, and TNF-α. Blood draws were performed at baseline and 3 days after exercise to measure CK and LDH. Independent t-tests were performed to test group differences (control vs. HT). A probability level of P ≤ 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance. We observed significantly greater changes in mRNA expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, and TNF-α ( P ≤ 0.01) in the control group compared with the HT group after the exercise bout. CK and LDH levels were significantly greater after exercise ( P ≤ 0.01) in the control group. Postmenopausal women not using HT experienced greater muscle damage after maximal eccentric exercise, indicating a possible protective effect of HT against exercise-induced skeletal muscle damage.

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Ferrari, Rodrigo, Gabriela Kothe, Martim Bottaro, Eduardo Lusa Cadore, and Luiz Fernando Martins Kruel. "Muscle Mass and Training Status Do Not Affect the Maximum Number of Repetitions in Different Upper-Body Resistance Exercises." Open Sports Sciences Journal 10, no. 1 (April 28, 2017): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875399x01710010081.

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Background: Data investigating the factors that influence the relationship between different percentages of one repetition maximum (1RM) and the maximum number of repetitions (RM’s) performed are scarce when the movement velocity of each repetition is controlled during the RM’s test. Objective: To evaluate the RM’s performed at 60, 75, and 90% of 1RM in 4 different upper-body free weight exercises: bench press, barbell triceps extension, unilateral dumbbell elbow flexion, unilateral bent knee dumbbell row. Method: Thirty participants, 15 trained (T) and 15 untrained (UT) men, volunteered to participate in this study and attended six separate occasions, each separated by at least 48 h. In the first three sessions, familiarization and 1RM tests were evaluated. The last three sessions were designed to assess the performance of the RM’s at 60%, 75%, and 90% 1RM. The exercise order and intensities performed in each session were randomized. Muscle action velocity for each repetition was controlled by an electronic metronome. Results: There was no significant difference between T and UT in any of the exercises at a given exercise intensity. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the number of repetitions performed when exercises with different muscle mass (i.e., bench press vs. triceps extension, and dumbbell row vs. elbow flexion) at different intensities (i.e., 60%, 75%, and 90%) were compared. Conclusion: Using the same percentage of 1RM, the participants performed a similar number of repetitions in the four free weight upper-body exercises evaluated.

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Yu, II-Young, Soo-Yong Kim, and Min-Hyeok Kang. "The effects of a humeral head posterior gliding strategy on changes in muscle activities of the infraspinatus during external rotation of the shoulder." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 28, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2019.0126.

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Background/aims It is important that shoulder rehabilitation programmes incorporate exercises that selectively activate the infraspinatus. In this study, changes in infraspinatus and posterior deltoid electromyography activity during a sitting external rotation exercise with and without the use of a humeral head posterior gliding strategy were investigated. Methods A total of 12 healthy men participated in this study. The activity of the infraspinatus and posterior deltoid was measured during the sitting external rotation exercise, performed with and without humeral head posterior gliding. Differences in the electromyography activity of the infraspinatus and posterior deltoid, with and without humeral head posterior gliding, were analysed using paired t-tests. Results Infraspinatus activity was significantly higher with humeral head posterior gliding than without it (P<0.001). Conversely, posterior deltoid activity was significantly lower with humeral head posterior gliding compared to without it (P<0.001). Conclusions Based on these results, humeral head posterior gliding is recommended for the selective activation of the infraspinatus when performing shoulder external rotation exercises, with the shoulder abducted at 90°.

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GABRIEL, HOLGER, BARBARA SCHMITT, AXEL URHAUSEN, and WILFRIED KINDERMANN. "Increased CD45RA +CD45RO+ cells indicate activated T cells after endurance exercise." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 25, no. 12 (December 1993): 1352???1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199312000-00006.

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Richardson, A. J., T. Leckie, E. R. Watkins, D. Fitzpatrick, R. Galloway, R. Grimaldi, and P. Baker. "Post marathon cardiac troponin T is associated with relative exercise intensity." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 21, no. 9 (September 2018): 880–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.02.005.

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Lee, Wanglok, David Senchina, Aisha Martin, Amruta Karandikar, Del Konopka, and Marian Kohut. "Long-term Moderate Exercise Improves T-cell Proliferation In Older Adults." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (May 2004): S228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200405001-01092.

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Okutsu, M., R. Nagatomi, K. Ishii, and H. Ohmori. "EXERCISE-INDUCED EXPRESSION OF CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CXCR4 ON HUMAN T LYMPHOCYTES." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 34, no. 5 (May 2002): S115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200205001-00647.

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Gillum, Trevor, Micaela Castillo, Zachary McKenna, Alex Jordan-Patterson, and Caitlin Bohnert. "Exercise Increases Salivary Granulocytes But Not Monocytes, B- Or T-cells." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 47 (May 2015): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000479150.75885.b1.

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KRÜGER, KARSTEN, KATHARINA ALACK, ROBERT RINGSEIS, LENA MINK, ELISABETH PFEIFER, MATTHIAS SCHINLE, KATHARINA GINDLER, et al. "Apoptosis of T-Cell Subsets after Acute High-Intensity Interval Exercise." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 48, no. 10 (October 2016): 2021–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000979.

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Lee, Wanglok, David Senchina, Aisha Martin, Amruta Karandikar, Del Konopka, and Marian Kohut. "Long-term Moderate Exercise Improves T-cell Proliferation In Older Adults." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, Supplement (May 2004): S228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200405001-01092.

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Licen, Jerica, Vojko Strojnik, and Katja Tomazin. "Could Ankle Muscle Activation Be Used as a Simple Measure of Balance Exercise Intensity?" Journal of Human Kinetics 70, no. 1 (November 30, 2019): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0037.

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Abstract Few, if any, studies have reported the effects of intensity of balance exercise for balance training and rehabilitation. The aim of the present study was to find a relative measure of intensity of balance exercise. On this basis, we analysed ankle muscle activation in the sagittal plane with increasing difficulty for a one leg stance on a T-board. Ten adults (7 men, 24.1 ± 3.5 years; 3 women, 30.6 ± 5.8 years) performed 3 trials on a T-board within 6 randomly assigned stability levels. T-board swaying velocities in the sagittal plane were manipulated to attain different stability levels (conditions). Concurrently, angular distance of the T-board and active balance time (i.e., percentage of a total time balancing) under each condition were measured. Surface electromyography from the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius and soleus were monitored during one leg stance. The surface electromyography amplitude in the time domain was quantified using the root-mean-square values. Significant effect of stability levels on angular distance (F5,45 = 3.4; p = 0.01) and velocity of the T-board (F5,45 = 4.6; p = 0.002) were obtained. Active balance time decreased by ∼15% (p = 0.001) from the maximal to the minimal stability conditions. The graded level of balance board stability conditions did not generate significantly higher root-mean-square values in any muscles and hence could not be used as a relative measure of intensity of balance exercise. These findings imply that there could be a plateau in difficulty of balance exercise for enhancement of ankle muscle activity.

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Krüger, Karsten, Katharina Alack, Lena Mink, Elisabeth Pfeifer, Katharina Gindler, Torsten Frech, and Frank C. Mooren. "Apoptosis Of T Cells Subpopulations Is Differently Affected By High-intensity Interval Exercise Compared To Isocaloric Continuous Exercise." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 48 (May 2016): 817–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000487452.61911.ca.

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Kell, Holly B., Elizabeth A. Fedor, Greg Lee, Daniel Richardson, James W. Navalta, Scott Lyons, Mark Schafer, and Scott W. Arnett. "Maximal Exercise Significantly Affects Helper T-Cell (CD3+/CD4+) Count Compared to Rest and 1-h Post Exercise." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 42 (May 2010): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000385805.06594.e4.

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Barros, Camila Brasileiro Azevedo, Manoel da Cunha Costa, Antônio Gonçalves dos Santos Neto, José Hildemar Teles Gadelha, Brendha Stephany Rodrigues da Silva, and André Luiz Demantova Gurjão. "INDICATORS OF NEUROMUSCULAR FATIGUE IN LEG PRESS EXERCISE IN MEN AND WOMEN." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 26, no. 3 (June 2020): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220202603216124.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Muscle fatigue is characterized by reduced ability to produce maximum strength or power, and may differ between men and women. Changes in velocity of movement during exercise, and in the ability to produce strength after exercise, may help when comparing fatigue in men and women. Objective To analyze the differences between men and women in relation to number of repetitions, kinetics, kinematics and isometric force-time curve performance, and their respective muscle activation in horizontal leg press exercises. Methods Fifteen men and fifteen women underwent isometric force-time curve (Cf-t) and electromyographic (EMG) assessments before and after performing horizontal leg press exercises. The exercises were performed in three sets until voluntary exhaustion, at 70% maximal repetition. During the exercises, kinetic and kinematic variables were obtained by means of two force transducers, a linear position potentiometer and accelerometer adapted for the horizontal leg press and synchronized by a signal conditioning plate. Results The mean propulsive velocity significantly reduced between the first and last repetition of each series, with a similar reduction for men (-12.4 to -29.2%) and women (-29.2 to -35.6%). The same pattern was observed for the other kinetic and kinematic variables. The maximum voluntary contraction and peak force development rate also decreased for both men (-15.1 ± 8.7% and -26.9 ± 21.2%, respectively) and women (-13.9 ± 10.4% and -28.2 ± 11.5%, respectively). Conclusion Based on the different variables used to quantify the effect of fatigue during and after horizontal leg press exercises, the research found practically no differences between men and women. Level of evidence II; Comparative prospective study.

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Giannoulis, Manthos G., Finbarr C. Martin, K. Sreekumaran Nair, A. Margot Umpleby, and Peter Sonksen. "Hormone Replacement Therapy and Physical Function in Healthy Older Men. Time to Talk Hormones?" Endocrine Reviews 33, no. 3 (March 20, 2012): 314–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2012-1002.

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Improving physical function and mobility in a continuously expanding elderly population emerges as a high priority of medicine today. Muscle mass, strength/power, and maximal exercise capacity are major determinants of physical function, and all decline with aging. This contributes to the incidence of frailty and disability observed in older men. Furthermore, it facilitates the accumulation of body fat and development of insulin resistance. Muscle adaptation to exercise is strongly influenced by anabolic endocrine hormones and local load-sensitive autocrine/paracrine growth factors. GH, IGF-I, and testosterone (T) are directly involved in muscle adaptation to exercise because they promote muscle protein synthesis, whereas T and locally expressed IGF-I have been reported to activate muscle stem cells. Although exercise programs improve physical function, in the long-term most older men fail to comply. The GH/IGF-I axis and T levels decline markedly with aging, whereas accumulating evidence supports their indispensable role in maintaining physical function integrity. Several studies have reported that the administration of T improves lean body mass and maximal voluntary strength in healthy older men. On the other hand, most studies have shown that administration of GH alone failed to improve muscle strength despite amelioration of the detrimental somatic changes of aging. Both GH and T are anabolic agents that promote muscle protein synthesis and hypertrophy but work through separate mechanisms, and the combined administration of GH and T, albeit in only a few studies, has resulted in greater efficacy than either hormone alone. Although it is clear that this combined approach is effective, this review concludes that further studies are needed to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of combined hormone replacement therapy in older men before the medical rationale of prescribing hormone replacement therapy for combating the sarcopenia of aging can be established.

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Popovich, Michael, Andrea Almeida, Andrew Sas, Jeremiah Freeman, Bara Alsalaheen, Matthew Lorincz, and James Eckner. "Symptom Provocation Patterns During Supervised Exercise in Adolescent Athletes with Concussion." Neurology 93, no. 14 Supplement 1 (September 30, 2019): S28.3—S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000581112.75442.96.

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ObjectiveTo understand which exercises provoke symptoms, as well as the type and frequency of symptoms, during supervised exercise (SE) following concussion, and to better understand how to interpret and utilize findings during SE.BackgroundExercise is increasingly used in the management of sport-related concussion, and SE has been shown to be associated with faster clearance to return to sport. However, the optimal use of exercise following concussion is not known, and findings during SE have not been studied.Design/MethodsThis study is a retrospective review of patients seen at a sport concussion clinic. Participants were concussed athletes under age 18 who underwent SE within 30 days of concussion. A typical SE session began with a basic cardiovascular exercise followed by dynamic exercise challenges. Data recorded included exercise type, pre-exercise symptoms, symptom exacerbation scores, and maximum heart rate during exercise. A symptom was considered provoked if a new symptom developed or if an existing symptom increased by ≥3 points on a 10 point scale. Outcome measures were referral to vestibular physical therapy and the number of days from concussion until clearance for return to sport. Data were analyzed using two-sample t tests, linear and logistic regression models.Results66.2% of patients experienced symptom provocation during SE. Symptom provocation did not occur until the dynamic challenge portion of the workout in 55.6% of those symptomatic. Dizziness was the most common symptom (48.5%), and medicine ball exercises (50.0%) the most common provoking exercise. Dizziness provoked during SE predicted referral to vestibular physical therapy (OR 5.90, p = 0.015). Provocation of symptoms during basic cardiovascular exercises predicted a greater number of days until clearance for return to sport (p = 0.015).ConclusionsSymptom provocation during SE provides useful information in return to play decision making, guidance for physical thearpy treatments, and prognostication of recovery time following concussion.

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Mahfud, Achmad, Slamet Raharjo, and Surendra Surendra. "PENGARUH EXERCISE THERAPY MENGGUNAKAN PROVOKING ANKLE STRATEGY DAN COORDINATION THERAPY TERHADAP TINGKAT KELINCAHAN PEMAIN FUTSAL DI KOTA MALANG PASCA CEDERA SPRAIN ANKLE." JP.JOK (Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani, Olahraga dan Kesehatan) 2, no. 1 (November 14, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33503/jpjok.v2i1.183.

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This is due to the rehabilitation is not followed by the exercise therapy. effect of exercise therapy using provoking ankle strategy and coordination therapy on the futsal player agility after sprained ankle injury. Study was conducted in Malang City. This research used pre-experimental One group pretest posttest design with the Total sampling technique. Research samples were 4 patients in Physioset Malang City who suffered from sprained ankle. The data were collected using the Illionis Agility Test, and then analyzed by using Paired sample t-test method. The result of statistical analysis (t-Test) on the agility data demonstrated the significance value of 0.016 (< α 0.05). Therefore, it can be stated that the research hypothesis was accepted. In other words, treatment therapy has a significant effect on the agility of futsal players in Physioset Malang City.

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Shimizu, Kazuhiro, Natsumi Suzuki, Tomoko Imai, Katsuji Aizawa, Hideyuki Nanba, Yukichi Hanaoka, Shinya Kuno, Noboru Mesaki, Ichiro Kono, and Takao Akama. "Monocyte and T-Cell Responses to Exercise Training in Elderly Subjects." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 25, no. 9 (September 2011): 2565–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181fc5e67.

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KUBO, Yusuke, and Yusuke NISHIDA. "Exercise Tolerance Evaluated by O2 Deficit Determined by the Time Constant (t) of VO2." Rigakuryoho Kagaku 24, no. 4 (2009): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/rika.24.625.

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Wolters, B. W., M. A. Ceddia, C. A. Germann, and J. A. Woods. "EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE INCREASES CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE ANTI-EL-4 TUMOR IMMUNITY 900." Medicine &amp Science in Sports &amp Exercise 29, Supplement (May 1997): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199705001-00899.

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Ross, Mark, Lesley Ingram, Islay Cranston, Guy Taylor, Daniel West, Graham Wright, George Chambers, Richard Simpson, and Geraint Florida-James. "Acute Exercise-induced Angiogenic T Cell Redistribution Is Attenuated In Older Men." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 49, no. 5S (May 2017): 281–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000517629.94390.e8.

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Kunz, Hawley, Guillaume Spielmann, Emily C. LaVoy, Nadia H. Agha, Rachel M. Graff, Catherine M. Bollard, and Richard J. Simpson. "Enhancing The Generation Of Adenovirus-Specific T Cells With Exercise For Immunotherapy." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 48 (May 2016): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000485267.93236.73.

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Senchina, David S., Filippo Macaluso, Wanglok Lee, Aisha E. Martin, Warren D. Franke, and Marian L. Kohut. "T Cell CD28 Expression in Older Adults is Modulated by Exercise Training." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 38, Supplement (May 2006): S309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200605001-02207.

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WITARD, OLIVER C., JAMES E. TURNER, SARAH R. JACKMAN, KEVIN D. Tipton, ASKER E. JEUKENDRUP, ARIE K. KIES, and JOS A. Bosch. "High-Intensity Training Reduces CD8+ T-cell Redistribution in Response to Exercise." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 44, no. 9 (September 2012): 1689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e318257d2db.

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GREEN, KATHERINE J., DAVID G. ROWBOTTOM, and LAUREL T. MACKINNON. "Acute Exercise and T-Lymphocyte Expression of the Early Activation Marker CD69." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 35, no. 4 (April 2003): 582–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000058361.82096.26.

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Priyo, Priyo, and Sigit Priyanto. "EFEKTIFITAS JUICE SEMANGKA DAN SENAM KEBUGARAN TERHADAP PENURUNAN BERAT BADAN PADA ANAK OBESITAS." Journal of Holistic Nursing Science 7, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/nursing.v7i1.2703.

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The culture of consuming instant food and reducing physical exercise result in increasing obesity in children today. The impact that occurs if not overcome can lead to the occurrence of various types of non-infectious diseases in the future such as: heart disease, hypertension, stroke and diabetes. To overcome the problem of obesity, behavioral changes are needed in childhood, namely fruit consumption and regular exercise. However, this behavior still becomes a national problem, especially in Magelang Regency. Consuming fruit juice and having exercise enables ones to lose weight.A kind of fruits that can be consumed is watermelon and the kind of sport that can be practiced is fitness exercise. The research is aimed to identify the difference in effectiveness between consuming watermelon juice and having fitness exercises in weight loss in obese children at Sawitan State Elementary School. The method used in this study is quasy-experiment. The number of samples was 24 respondents consisting of 12 respondents treated with watermelon juice consumption, and 12 respondents treated with fitness exercises. To take samples, it is used purposive sampling method. the treatment was carried out 3 times in a week. The results showed there was a decrease in weight lose in obese elementary school children, both with watermelon juice treatment and fitness exercises. The results of the independent t-test analysis, on watermelon juice therapy showed P ^ 0.00 and the Wilcoxon test on fitness exercises was P ^ 0.04, which means that both therapies have an influence in decreasing one’s weight. The result of the dependent T test on watermelon juice consumption and fitness exercise was P ^ 0.261, which means that the two therapies have no significant difference of influence. Health workers, especially nurses, are expected to be able to provide alternative therapies to reduce children’s overweight by using watermelon juice consumption or fitness exercises.

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Prasetyo, Anggun Resdasari, Harlina Nurtjahjanti, Nailul Fauziah, and Erin Ratna Kustanti. "PENURUNAN TINGKAT STRES KERJA PADA PENERBANG MILITER MELALUI PENERAPAN TERAPI YOGA TAWA." Jurnal Psikologi Undip 15, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jpu.15.1.11-20.

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The laughter yoga therapy is a physical exercise technique that combines yoga breathing techniques, fitness exercise, laughter, applause rhythmic movements, and meditation. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of laughter yoga therapy to reduce work stress levels on military pilots of Indonesian army in Semarang, Central Java. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design was applied. Subjects comprised 10 military pilots of Indonesian army in Semarang which were compared to 10 military pilots that served ascontrols. Data were collected using the Work Stress Scale (26 items; α= .902). The t-test results showed a significant reduced work-stress level after the laughter yoga therapy was applied (t(16.025)=-8.471; p=.00; p<.001).

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Huriah, Titih, Ema Waliyanti, Afiani Septina Rahmawati, and Yuliana Mz Matoka. "ERGONOMIC EXERCISES TO DECREASE JOINT PAIN SCALE AND MUSCLE STRENGTH IN ELDERLY." INDONESIAN NURSING JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND CLINIC (INJEC) 2, no. 1 (March 13, 2018): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.24990/injec.v2i1.21.

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Introduction. Epidemiological data showed an increased prevalence of chronic pain and weakness in the elderly. Nonpharmacological modality therapy is a component of multi modal management that very important for pain management, including Ergonomic Exercises. The aims of the study was to determine the effect of activity therapy ergonomic exercises to decrease joint pain scale, and to increase muscle strength in elderly with joints degenerative. Method. Quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest control group design was carried out in this study. Purposive sampling was used to identify the study subjects. A sample of 50 elderly was included in the study for experimental (17) and control (33) groups. Sampling technique used purposive sampling. T-test, Wilcoxon, and two sample Wilcoxon rank-sum, tests were used to analysis the data. Results. During the four weeks intervention of ergonomic exercise, there were significant decreases in scale joint pain in elderly with degenerative joint by P value 0.000 (α < 0.05), and increases in muscle strength by P value 0.002 for muscles pull and P value 0,0001 for muscles push. Discussion. Activity therapy of an ergonomic exercise has significant influence to decrease joint pain scale and to increase muscle strength in elderly with degenerative joints.Keywords: joint degenerative, elderly, joint pain, muscle strength, ergonomic exercises

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Wang, Ran, and David H. Fukuda. "Tracking changes in the upper boundary of the heavy-intensity exercise domain:." Kinesiology 49, no. 1 (2017): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26582/k.49.1.13.

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<div>The aim of this study was to compare how respiratory compensation point (RCP) and end-test power (EP) change in response to the same four-week high intensity interval training (HIIT). The power output associated with RCP and EP before and after HIIT were recorded in 24 recreationally-active participants (14 men and 10 women). RCP was determined from an incremental exercise test and EP was derived from a three-minute maximal effort test on a cycle ergometer. A significant time (pretest/posttest) × measurement (EP/RCP) interaction was found (F(1, 23)=5.119, p<.05). Results from a paired-sample t-test indicated that both EP (t(23)= -5.221, p<.05) and RCP (t(23)=-3.049, p<.05) increased significantly from pretest to posttest. Furthermore, a small effect size (d=.36, 90%CI=[.13, .58]) was calculated for the pre/posttest changes in the examined thresholds indicating greater potential improvements in EP compared to RCP. The pre/posttest change in EP (mean=21 W, 90%CI=[14, 28 W]) exceeded its standard error of estimate (14 W), while RCP did not. Correlation analysis revealed that EP correlated with RCP at both pretest (r=.813, p<.05) and posttest (r=.873, p<.05), however, delta values between the two measures were not significantly related. Both EP and RCP can be used to assess the change of aerobic capacity after HIIT, but may be reflective of different physiological adaptations. Further, EP may be preferred over RCP when assessing the effects of HIIT.</div>

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Irawan, Chandra, Mardiyono Mardiyono, Suharto Suharto, and Aris Santjaka. "COMBINATION OF HYPNOSIS THERAPY AND RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISE ON UPPER-EXTREMITY MUSCLE STRENGTH IN PATIENTS WITH NON-HEMORRAGHIC STROKE." Belitung Nursing Journal 4, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33546/bnj.347.

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Background: Range of Motion (ROM) exercise has been identified in the literature that it has an effect in improving muscle strength, especially in patients with stroke. However, little is known about the effect of ROM exercise combined with hypnosis therapy.Objective: To determine the effect of combination of hypnosis therapy and ROM exercise on upper extremity muscle strength in patients with non-hemorrhagic.Methods: This study employed a quasy experiment with pretest-posttest control group design. Thirty-two samples were selected using simple random sampling, which 16 randomly assigned in the experiment and control group. Muscle strength was measured using Muscle Strength Scale. Hypnosis Deepening test was used to measure the level of hypnosis depth. Paired t-test and Independent t-test were used for data analysis.Results: The mean value of muscle strength in the experiment group was 3.50 and the mean value in the control group was 2.62. Independent sample t-test obtained p-value = 0.012, indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean of muscle strength of upper extremity in the experiment and control group. Paired t-test obtained p-value = 0.000, which indicated that there was significant difference between the average of muscle strength value before and after treatmentConclusion: The combination of hypnosis therapy and ROM exercise has a significant effect in increasing muscle strength of upper extremity in patients with stroke non-haemorrhagic.

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