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1

Smith, Andrew D., Jan O. Cowan, Karen P. Brassett, et al. "Exhaled Nitric Oxide." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 172, no. 4 (2005): 453–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200411-1498oc.

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2

Taylor, D. Robin. "Exhaled Nitric Oxide." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 179, no. 2 (2009): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200810-1605ed.

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3

Kharitonov, Sergei A., and Peter J. Barnes. "Exhaled nitric oxide." Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 9, no. 6 (1996): 542–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001503-199609060-00017.

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4

Kharitonov, Sergei A., and Peter J. Barnes. "Exhaled nitric oxide." Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 9, no. 6 (1996): 542–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001503-199612000-00017.

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5

Stempel, David A. "EXHALED NITRIC OXIDE." Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 92, no. 3 (2004): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1081-1206(10)61581-5.

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6

Leung, Donald Y. M., Harold S. Nelson, Stanley J. Szefler, and William W. Busse. "Exhaled nitric oxide." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 112, no. 5 (2003): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2003.09.004.

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7

Stewart, Lora, and Rohit Katial. "Exhaled Nitric Oxide." Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America 27, no. 4 (2007): 571–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2007.09.002.

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8

Stewart, Lora, and Rohit K. Katial. "Exhaled Nitric Oxide." Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America 32, no. 3 (2012): 347–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2012.06.005.

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9

Hoyte, Flavia C. L., Lara M. Gross, and Rohit K. Katial. "Exhaled Nitric Oxide." Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America 38, no. 4 (2018): 573–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.iac.2018.06.001.

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10

Taruya, T., S. Takeno, K. Kubota, A. Sasaki, T. Ishino, and K. Hirakawa. "Comparison of arginase isoform expression in patients with different subtypes of chronic rhinosinusitis." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 129, no. 12 (2015): 1194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215115002728.

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AbstractObjective:Although human paranasal sinuses are critical organs for nitric oxide production, little information is available regarding the role of arginase in alterations of arginine metabolism and nasal nitric oxide levels that may be informative for classifying chronic rhinosinusitis subtypes.Methods:The expression and localisation of arginase and nitric oxide synthase isoforms in paranasal sinus mucosa were examined, and the fractional exhaled nitric oxide was measured in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (n=18) and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (n = 27) patients
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11

Lamichhane, Buddhi Sagar, Ashesh Dhungana, Prajowl Shrestha, Kamal Raj Thapa, and Deepa Kumari Shrestha. "Role of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide for Monitoring Bronchial Asthma." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 22, no. 03 (2024): 602–7. https://doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v22i03.5303.

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Background: Monitoring during treatment of asthma is usually done by various clinical tools, spirometry, sputum eosinophils and fractional exhaled nitric oxide. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide is a simple and noninvasive tool and has a good agreement with asthma control test score. This study aims to correlate fractional exhaled nitric oxide with asthma control test score. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir hospital, Chest unit, Department of Medicine, over a duration of six months. Patients aged more than 18 years with bronchial asth
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12

Torretta, S., P. Marchisio, L. Drago, P. Capaccio, E. Baggi, and L. Pignataro. "The presence of biofilm-producing bacteria on tonsils is associated with increased exhaled nitric oxide levels: preliminary data in children who experience recurrent exacerbations of chronic tonsillitis." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 129, no. 3 (2015): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215115000031.

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AbstractBackground:It has been suggested that bacterial biofilms may be a causative factor in the aetiopathogenesis of chronic tonsillitis. Involvement of exhaled nitric oxide has been previously considered, with conflicting findings.Objective:A pilot study was performed to investigate the relationship between exhaled nitric oxide levels and the presence of tonsillar biofilm-producing bacteria in children with chronic tonsillitis.Method:Tonsillar biofilm-producing bacteria on bioptic specimens taken during tonsillectomy were assessed by means of spectrophotometry.Results:Analysis was based on
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13

Petrović, Slobodanka, Snežana Živanović, Borislav x. Borislav Kamenov, and Nenad Barišić. "Influence of atopy and different treatments of asthma on fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide in children." Paediatria Croatica 57, no. 3 (2013): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.13112/pc.667.

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Exhaled nitric oxide fraction is a noninvasive surrogate measure of airway infl ammation. Its levels are elevated in asthma patients. The interconnection between asthma inflammation and Exhaled nitric oxide fraction levels and how it is influenced by atopy and diff erent therapeutic options have not yet been resolved. The study included 143 children, mean age 11.27 years, with asthma and positive allergy test results. Patients were treated for 6 weeks with montelukast or with a combination of inhaled corticosteroids and montelukast. Exhaled nitric oxide fraction was measured in all patients be
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14

Suresh, Vinod, David A. Shelley, Hye-Won Shin, and Steven C. George. "Effect of heterogeneous ventilation and nitric oxide production on exhaled nitric oxide profiles." Journal of Applied Physiology 104, no. 6 (2008): 1743–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01355.2007.

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Elevated exhaled nitric oxide (NO) in the breath of asthmatic subjects is thought to be a noninvasive marker of lung inflammation. Asthma is also characterized by heterogeneous bronchoconstriction and inflammation, which impact the spatial distribution of ventilation in the lungs. Since exhaled NO arises from both airway and alveolar regions, and its level in exhaled breath depends strongly on flow, spatial heterogeneity in flow patterns and NO production may significantly affect the exhaled NO signal. To investigate the effect of these factors on exhaled NO profiles, we developed a multicompa
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15

Fazel, Fatimah. "Exhaled Nitric Oxide Measurement." Journal of Asthma & Allergy Educators 2, no. 2 (2011): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150129711404414.

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16

Kotsiou, Ourania S., and Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis. "Fractional exhaled nitric oxide." Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 120, no. 3 (2018): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2017.12.001.

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17

Manaker, Scott. "Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide." Chest 149, no. 5 (2016): 1123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2015.12.007.

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18

MATSUMOTO, Akihiro, Yasunobu HIRATA, Masao KAKOKI, et al. "Increased excretion of nitric oxide in exhaled air of patients with chronic renal failure." Clinical Science 96, no. 1 (1999): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0960067.

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Nitric oxide exerts multiple effects on renal function. It remains unclear whether endogenous nitric oxide production is increased or decreased in patients with chronic renal failure. To evaluate endogenous nitric oxide production in these patients we studied exhaled nitric oxide output by an ozone chemiluminescence method and plasma NO2-/NO3- levels by the Griess method in 40 patients with end-stage chronic renal failure who underwent regular continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (n = 30) or haemodialysis (n = 10), and in 28 healthy subjects. Patients with chronic renal failure had a high
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19

Moos, Łukasz, Magdalena Zajac, and Zenon Brzoza. "Exhaled Nitric Oxide Level in Pharynx Angioedema." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 3 (2022): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11030637.

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Airway inflammation is related to increased nitric oxide production. It can be assessed noninvasively with exhaled nitric oxide measurement. As airway inflammation was supposed to be present in chronic urticaria and angioedema patients we hypothesized increased exhaled nitric oxide in this group. Twenty-six symptomatic chronic urticaria patients with an acute episode of pharynx angioedema (17 women and 9 men, median age 35) were included in the study group. None of the patients reported a history of asthma, allergic rhinitis or cigarette smoking. The control group consisted of 29 non-smoking h
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20

Kryvopustovа, Mariia. "Evaluation of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in school-age children with asthma and sensitization to cat allergens." Ukrainian Scientific Medical Youth Journal 132, no. 3 (2022): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32345/usmyj.3(132).2022.76-82.

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bronchial asthma is a chronic condition that is considerably prevalent among children. According to scientific evidence, cat allergens are most frequently responsible for the onset of asthma manifestations in children. Children are more likely to develop atopic asthma with eosinophilic inflammation. Under these circumstances, specific biomarkers are used as indicators of this inflammation. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide has been identified as a marker of eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthma. The aim of the research was to determine the fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentrations in s
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21

Kharitonov, Sergei A., Gert Lubec, Barbara Lubec, Magnus Hjelm, and Peter J. Barnes. "l-Arginine Increases Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Normal Human Subjects." Clinical Science 88, no. 2 (1995): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0880135.

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1. Endogenous nitric oxide plays an important physiological role and is synthesized by several isoforms of nitric oxide synthase from the semiessential amino acid l-arginine. Nitric oxide is detectable in the exhaled air of normal individuals and may be used to monitor the formation of nitric oxide in the respiratory tract. 2. We have investigated the effect of orally administered l-arginine (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 g/kg) compared with matched placebo on the concentration of nitric oxide in the exhaled air in 23 normal individuals. 3. l-Arginine caused significant increases in the concentration of nitr
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22

Melo, Bruno, Patrício Costa, Ariana Afonso, et al. "Fração Exalada de Óxido Nítrico no Controlo e Abordagem Terapêutica da Asma." Acta Médica Portuguesa 27, no. 1 (2014): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.2371.

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<strong>Introduction:</strong> Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by hyper-responsiveness and bronchial inflammation. The bronchial inflammation in these patients can be monitored by measuring the fractional exhaled nitric oxide. This study aims to determine fractional exhaled nitric oxide association with peak expiratory flow and with asthma control inferred by the Global Initiative for Asthma.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Observational, analytical and cross-sectional study of children with asthma, 6-12 years-old, followed in the
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23

Sato, K., T. Sakamaki, H. Sumino, et al. "Rate of nitric oxide release in the lung and factors influencing the concentration of exhaled nitric oxide." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 270, no. 6 (1996): L914—L920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1996.270.6.l914.

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The level of nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled air fluctuates in normal individuals depending on the physiological conditions. We evaluated the effects of duration of exhalation and breath-holding on the exhaled concentrations of NO in 16 normal human volunteers. Exhaled gas corresponding to vital capacity was collected in 6-liter Tedlar bags and analyzed by chemiluminescence. The NO concentration in exhaled gas increased significantly in proportion to the duration of exhalation [P = 0.009 +/- 0.011 (SD)] and was increased after breath-holding. There was no significant difference in the exhaled NO
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24

Oguzulgen, I. Kivilcim. "Measurement of Exhaled Nitric Oxide." Turkish Thoracic Journal/Türk Toraks Dergisi 14 (August 26, 2013): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/ttd.2013.50.

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25

Sheel, A. William, Jeremy Road, and Donald C. McKenzie. "Exhaled Nitric Oxide During Exercise." Sports Medicine 28, no. 2 (1999): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199928020-00003.

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26

Bikov, Andras, Martina Meszaros, and Zsofia Lazar. "Exhaled Nitric Oxide in COPD." Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews 15, no. 2 (2019): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573398x14666181025150537.

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and progressive disorder which is characterised by pathological abnormalities driven by chronic airway inflammation. The assessment of airway inflammation in routine clinical practice in COPD is limited to surrogate blood markers. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) is a marker of eosinophilic airway inflammation in asthma, and it can predict steroid responsiveness and help tailor corticosteroid treatment. The clinical value of FENO in COPD is less evident, but some studies suggest that it may be a marker of the eosinophilic endotype.
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27

Ricciardolo, Fabio L. M., and Philip E. Silkoff. "Perspectives on exhaled nitric oxide." Journal of Breath Research 11, no. 4 (2017): 047104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/aa7f0e.

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28

Lundberg, J. O. N., E. Weitzberg, J. M. Lundberg, and K. Alving. "Nitric oxide in exhaled air." European Respiratory Journal 9, no. 12 (1996): 2671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.96.09122671.

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29

Salonen, Iiris, Kati Huttunen, Maija-Riitta Hirvonen, et al. "Exhaled nitric oxide and atherosclerosis." European Journal of Clinical Investigation 42, no. 8 (2012): 873–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2362.2012.02662.x.

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30

Taylor, D. R., and J. Dummer. "Exhaled nitric oxide and COPD." European Respiratory Journal 36, no. 3 (2010): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00058310.

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31

Thébaud, B., J. F. Arnal, J. C. Mercier, and A. T. Dinh-Xuan. "Inhaled and exhaled nitric oxide." Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS 55, no. 8 (1999): 1103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000180050360.

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32

Menzies, Daniel, Arun Nair, and Brian J. Lipworth. "Portable Exhaled Nitric Oxide Measurement." Chest 131, no. 2 (2007): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.06-1335.

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33

Olivieri, Mario, Massimo Corradi, and Mario Malerba. "Gender and Exhaled Nitric Oxide." Chest 132, no. 4 (2007): 1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.07-0741.

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34

Olin, Anna-Carin, Björn Bake, and Kjell Toren. "Exhaled Nitric Oxide and Gender." Chest 132, no. 4 (2007): 1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.07-1701.

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35

Grob, Natalia M., and Raed A. Dweik. "Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Asthma." Chest 133, no. 4 (2008): 837–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.07-2743.

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36

Wilsher, M. L. "Exhaled nitric oxide in sarcoidosis." Thorax 60, no. 11 (2005): 967–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.2004.033852.

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37

Bruce, C. "Caffeine decreases exhaled nitric oxide." Thorax 57, no. 4 (2002): 361–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax.57.4.361.

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38

Warke, T. J. "Caffeine and exhaled nitric oxide." Thorax 58, no. 3 (2003): 281—a—281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax.58.3.281-a.

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39

Khan, Javaad, Mary Skowronski, Albert Coreno, and E. R. McFadden. "OBESITY AND EXHALED NITRIC OXIDE." Chest 130, no. 4 (2006): 249S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.130.4_meetingabstracts.249s-a.

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40

Nesic, V. S., V. Z. Djordjevic, V. Tomic-Spiric, Z. R. Dudvarski, I. A. Soldatovic, and N. A. Arsovic. "Measuring nasal nitric oxide in allergic rhinitis patients." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 130, no. 11 (2016): 1064–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215116009087.

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AbstractObjective:This study aimed to compare two sampling methods for nasal nitric oxide in healthy individuals and allergic rhinitis patients, and to examine the within-subject reliability of nasal nitric oxide measurement.Methods:The study included 23 allergic rhinitis patients without concomitant asthma and 10 healthy individuals. For all participants, nitric oxide levels were measured non-invasively from the lungs through the mouth (i.e. the oral fractional exhaled nitric oxide) and the nose. Nasal nitric oxide was measured by two different methods: (1) nasal aspiration via one nostril du
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41

Kovesi, Thomas A., and Robert E. Dales. "Effects of the Indoor Environment on the Fraction of Exhaled Nitric Oxide in School-Aged Children." Canadian Respiratory Journal 16, no. 3 (2009): e18-e23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/954382.

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BACKGROUND: The fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) appears to be a good marker for airway inflammation in children with asthma.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of environmental exposures on exhaled nitric oxide in a community sample of children.METHODS: The relationship among exhaled nitric oxide, underlying disease and home environmental exposures was examined using questionnaire data and measurement of exhaled nitric oxide in a cross-sectional study of 1135 children that included healthy children, and children with allergies and/or asthma who were attending grades 4 thr
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42

Vaughan, David J., Thomas V. Brogan, Mark E. Kerr, Steven Deem, Daniel L. Luchtel, and Erik R. Swenson. "Contributions of nitric oxide synthase isozymes to exhaled nitric oxide and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in rabbit lungs." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 284, no. 5 (2003): L834—L843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00341.2002.

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We investigated the source(s) for exhaled nitric oxide (NO) in isolated, perfused rabbits lungs by using isozyme-specific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors and antibodies. Each inhibitor was studied under normoxia and hypoxia. Only nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME, a nonselective NOS inhibitor) reduced exhaled NO and increased hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV), in contrast to 1400W, an inhibitor of inducible NOS (iNOS), and 7-nitroindazole, an inhibitor of neuronal NOS (nNOS). Acetylcholine-mediated stimulation of vascular endothelial NOS (eNOS) increased exhaled NO and could
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43

Karlsson, Lars L., Yannick Kerckx, Lars E. Gustafsson, Tryggve E. Hemmingsson, and Dag Linnarsson. "Microgravity decreases and hypergravity increases exhaled nitric oxide." Journal of Applied Physiology 107, no. 5 (2009): 1431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.91081.2008.

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Inhalation of toxic dust during planetary space missions may cause airway inflammation, which can be monitored with exhaled nitric oxide (NO). Gravity will differ from earth, and we hypothesized that gravity changes would influence exhaled NO by altering lung diffusing capacity and alveolar uptake of NO. Five subjects were studied during microgravity aboard the International Space Station, and 10 subjects were studied during hypergravity in a human centrifuge. Exhaled NO concentrations were measured during flows of 50 (all gravity conditions), 100, 200, and 500 ml/s (hypergravity). During micr
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44

George, Steven C., Marieann Hogman, Solbert Permutt, and Philip E. Silkoff. "Modeling pulmonary nitric oxide exchange." Journal of Applied Physiology 96, no. 3 (2004): 831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00950.2003.

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Nitric oxide (NO) was first detected in the exhaled breath more than a decade ago and has since been investigated as a noninvasive means of assessing lung inflammation. Exhaled NO arises from the airway and alveolar compartments, and new analytical methods have been developed to characterize these sources. A simple two-compartment model can adequately represent many of the observed experimental observations of exhaled concentration, including the marked dependence on exhalation flow rate. The model characterizes NO exchange by using three flow-independent exchange parameters. Two of the parame
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45

Verbanck, Sylvia, Yannick Kerckx, Daniel Schuermans, et al. "The effect of posture-induced changes in peripheral nitric oxide uptake on exhaled nitric oxide." Journal of Applied Physiology 106, no. 5 (2009): 1494–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.91641.2008.

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Airway and alveolar NO contributions to exhaled NO are being extracted from exhaled NO measurements performed at different flow rates. To test the robustness of this method and the validity of the underlying model, we deliberately induced a change in NO uptake in the peripheral lung compartment by changing body posture between supine and prone. In 10 normal subjects, we measured exhaled NO at target flows ranging from 50 to 350 ml/s in supine and prone postures. Using two common methods, bronchial NO production [Jaw(NO)] and alveolar NO concentration (FANO) were extracted from exhaled NO conce
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46

STEUDEL, WOLFGANG, MAX KIRMSE, JÖRG WEIMANN, ROMAN ULLRICH, JONATHAN HROMI, and WARREN M ZAPOL. "Exhaled Nitric Oxide Production by Nitric Oxide Synthase–deficient Mice." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 162, no. 4 (2000): 1262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.162.4.9909037.

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47

Fike, Candice D., Mark R. Kaplowitz, Carol J. Thomas, and Leif D. Nelin. "Chronic hypoxia decreases nitric oxide production and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in newborn pig lungs." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 274, no. 4 (1998): L517—L526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.1998.274.4.l517.

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To examine the effect of chronic hypoxia on nitric oxide (NO) production and the amount of the endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in lungs of newborn piglets, studies were performed using 1- to 3-day-old piglets raised in room air (control) or 10% O2 (chronic hypoxia) for 10–12 days. Exhaled NO output and plasma nitrites and nitrates (collectively termed[Formula: see text]) were measured in anesthetized animals. [Formula: see text]concentrations were measured in the perfusate of isolated lungs. eNOS amounts were assessed in whole lung homogenates. In the intact piglets, exhale
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48

Pirogowicz, Iwona, Dominika Ceglecka, Łukasz Gojny, et al. "The Analysis of the Exhaled Nitric Oxide in a Group of Patients with Asthma, Aged 3-18." Ochrona Srodowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych 25, no. 4 (2014): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/oszn-2014-0031.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to analyse the results of exhaled nitric oxide examination in a group of patients with hyper-responsive-ness. The study was performed on a group of 297 children who underwent spirometry, examination of exhaled nitric oxide, skin prick test and stress probe in years 2010-2012 in Pulmonology and Allergy Centre in Karpacz. Mean age of patients was 11.86. Patients were divided into four groups: with diagnosed asthma, with bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR), with described asthma without BHR and a group with BHR without diagnosed asthma. The results of the study
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49

Nenasheva, N. M., and N. M. Nenasheva. "ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE IN EXHALED AIR IN BRONCHIALASTHMA." Russian Journal of Allergy 7, no. 1 (2010): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja871.

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In this review the main physiological effects of nitric oxide in the human body have been considered, as well as its pathophysiologic role in bronchial asthma. Methods for determination of nitric oxide in exhaled air have been described. The importance of determining the level of nitric oxide in patients with bronchial asthma has been analyzed.
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50

&NA;. "Montelukast reduces exhaled nitric oxide levels." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 1414 (2003): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-200314140-00046.

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