Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Exilés – Cuba – 19e siècle'
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Sánchez, Romy. "Quitter la Très Fidèle : exilés et bannis au temps du séparatisme cubain (1834-1879)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H060.
Full textThis dissertation analyses the ambivalent role of political exile from Cuba at the moment of its separation from Spain in the 19thcentury, a period during which the anticolonial movement on and off the island solidified. Although Jose Marti, the Cuban national hero who spent most of his time outside of Cuba in exile, is ubiquitous in the narrative of Cuban independence, I argue that the figure of exil.es is far from simple. This work contends that from the 1830s to the end of the War of Ten Years, leaving Cuba was not necessarily indicative of supporting independence. It tracks these exiles in ail their diversity, and traces the kinds of dissonance that exile might introduce into the patriotic Cuban narrative. Using Cuba as a case study, this thesis maps a new field of knowledge of the Euro-American XIXth century, often defined as the "century of exiles". I approach this analysis of a group, considered secondary until now, through a sociopolitical lens, and make three main contributions. First, a study of political exile challenges the usual chronology of Cuban nationalism, as well as the relationship between the island and the peninsula relationship's timeline. Second, the framework of exile points to a new imperial geography. Separatism abroad reveals the Spanish empire's navel political challenges once a significant part of it had been lost. The number of exiles and banishments it imposed was not a sign of decline, as is most often interpreted. Rather it shows how the empire was seeking renewal, trying to reinvent itself starting in the late 1830s. The empire used exiles to design new colonial policies at home and abroad, and made use of diplomacy to keep a close eye on separatists in exile. While the historiography of this period claims that there was a uniformity of political vision among Cuban creoles, this work claims that those who called themselves "Cuban exiles" were too politically diverse to be considered mere supporters of a monolithic independence
Diaz, Delphine. "Un asile pour tous les peuples ? : proscrits, exilés, réfugiés étrangers en France 1813-1852." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010689.
Full textGarcía, Inés. "Le rôle des pratiques associatives culturelles dans la construction et la diffusion d'une culture patriotique cubaine à la Havane (1868-1898)." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA070046.
Full textCuban history specialists disagree about the process of emancipation of the Spanish colony. Cuban revolutionary historiography denies any role to the cultural and political elites of Havana in this process of independence by valuing only the action of the exiled separatists, Other historians contend that these intellectual elites, for the greater part separatists, widely contributed to the formation of the Cuban nation. An approach based on the study of cultural associative sociability in Havana and on the prosopographique analysis of historic actors between 1868 and 1898 leads both to questioning the existence of a Cuban nation at the time of the declaration of independence and to better understanding the interracial conflicts which burst in the following years. This approach demonstrates that cultural associative sociability was one of the key ways to build and spread a Cuban patriotic culture which marginalized the coloured population in the development of the feeling of belonging to a Cuban community. Cultural associative practices also contributed to promote simultaneously attachment to the Cuban homeland and disaffection for the Spanish mother country. The intellectual and political elites thus amply aroused the profound dissatisfaction and the patriotism which, in 1895, mobilized a wide part of the population in favour of independence
Ghorbal, Karim. "Réformisme et esclavage à Cuba (1835-1845)." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030150.
Full textDuring the years 1835-1845, the slave system which reaches its apogee in Cuba, determines and shapes the ideology of the reformist creoles. Slavery emphasizes the contradictions and the limitations of the reformist movement, integrated by intellectuals, civil servants and « progressive » slave owners, arising from heterogeneous geographical horizons, but who are in agreement when it comes to condemning the slave trade and in their rejection of abolition. In a middle-class attitude, the Cubans reformists try to impose a new system of work based on wage-earning, without success. Facing a rise in slave population, the reformist creoles are attached in their political aspirations. Their hostile position to the slave trade stirs the fury of the slave traders, the « conservative » slave owners and the colonial authorities which foment a defamatory campaign towards them, whose conspiracy of La Escalera is the result
Capron, Elsa. "Les femmes esclaves à Cuba (1789-1886) : premières approches." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082245.
Full textIn spite of some realities common to both sexes, slave women's concrete situations along the nineteenth century in Cuba reveal specificities. In few numbers especially until the 1840's because various interests favour the male slaves importation, the slave women geographical distribution and their activities also induce peculiar experiences which can vary according to spatial diversities and the interal and external conjuncture. The archives make out the working and living conditions, the human relationships and the actions and reactions they provoke on slave women, very differently depending the surroundings - either rural or urban, the sugar or the coffee plantation, etc. Either african, creole, black, mulatto, the slave women were at stake and at the core of the debates and options the metropolitan and colonial powers operated. Closer than their fellow men to the white masters and knowing better how to protect their identity from the agressions of the slave system, they were the crucible of the biological and cultural mix of cuban society
Orozco, Melgar María Elena. "La déruralisation à Santiago de Cuba : genèse d'une ville moderne (1788-1868)." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30010.
Full textConsidering the limited scope of studies concerning the transformation of the colonial latin-american cities that took place during the last years of the xviiith century - to be continued until the yeears 1880ies, this phd dissertation deals with the abovementioned period, which exemplifies a transition from the pre-industrial city to the industrial one, a phenomenon known as "deruralization" or first phase of modernization of latin-american cities. During this stage in their evolution, these cities have progressively abandoned the rural models, while an internal alteration has saken place within, concerning the use of urban space and the manner in which these changes have affected the population and its mores. We have chosed the city of santiago de cuba, located in the east of the island, a city that never was, in the old west indies, a regional center, in order to show how the deruralization worked; consequently the city reflects the avatars of other cities obliged to adopt a differenciated development in contrast to their respective capital or other regions benefiting from the help of the spanish crown. Concentrating over a period of eighty years from 1788 onwards, this dissertation shows how the city and society as awhole, in santiago have been deruralizing, how its traditional structures have been evolving, and its physical appearance as well, thanks to the conjunction of nternal and external factors of a different nature
Croguennec-Massol, Gabrielle. "Presse, littérature et société, à Cuba au temps des guerres d'Indépendance, 1868-1898." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20036.
Full textThe two cuban Independance wars are two attempts to separate with the Spanish metropole and with Cuba becoming a state nation. This slow process is present and analysed in the press of the time, which, due to the technical development occuring in this period, is growing rapidly, becoming a privileged information media, and a way to spread ideas and culture. The literature, found in the press, includes many influences from other countries, and soon becomes a national literature. It is involved in the building process of the Cuban identity and delivers a representation of the society directly related to the daily events. From a political point of view, press conveys the identity building process, with its reticences, its contradictions and its interrogations in a society exhibiting numerous divisions coming from slavery and the presence of coloured people, rejected in a first time, then knowing attempts of seduction near the end of the century
Renault, Agnès. "La communauté françaises de Santiago de Cuba entre 1791 et 1825." Le Havre, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LEHA0007.
Full textSince 1791, French colonists from Saint Domingue took refuge in Cuba, especially in Santiago, to avoid the civil wars of French and Haitian revolutions. They were ejected in 1809 because of the war between French and Spain, but some of them choosed to come back some years later, followed by some other Frenchs coming sometime directly from metropolitan France. These migratory movements were essential for the central area of Cuba. This thesis shows how these refugees were able to straighten up and have a leader activity in the economic decelipment of their "terre d'acceuil / new land". Their success is due to the ability to rebuild a community where diversity exists but with the sharing feeling to be French. The refugees group remakes all the specificities of the Saint-Domingue colonial society. Colonists before everything, they choose the new world, and the French migratory movement in Santiago de Cuba is an announcement of the french colonization during the XIXth Century
Lopez, Segrera Yaumara. "Del paradigma tecnolȯgico al paisaje arqueolȯgico : presencia francesa y cultura del café en el sudeste cubano en la primera mitad del siglo XIX." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30061.
Full textJerad, Rahma. "L'expansion américaine au prisme de Cuba : esclavage, abolition et rivalités internationales, 1836-1860 : une histoire culturelle et diplomatique." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA070005.
Full textIn the two decades that led to the Civil War, the proslavery southern ideologues regarded Cuba as the model of a prosperous society where slavery was a widespread and thriving institution. This model society, so close to the southern states, both on a geographical and on an economic level, thus became the focus of their interest. But, this interest in the island of Cuba was not limited to the South, nor to the twenty years preceding the Civil War. It is certain indeed that the US interest in the island dates back to the very first days of the Union, but that historians have usually been more interested in the period of Manifest Destiny because that is when the Union was the most active in its attempts to take control of the island and integrate it to its territory. The aim of the present thesis is thus first to trace back the origins and the reasons of US interest in what was often called the Perl of Antilles. Then, it is to replace this expansionnism in a larger international context in order to show that this interest was motivated not only by the national expansionist ideology but also by a wider range of international actors, events and elements, among which slavery, slave trade and their abolition by Great Britain are central. The purpose is then to emphasize elements that were often ignored by US historiography and give a more prominent place to the role played by the Cubans in this expansionist movement. By using American, Cuban and British sources, travel accounts as well as diplomatic sources, it will nonetheless appear that this annexationist desire was a complex phenomenon, due to Americans1 ambiguous feelings, to be sure their increasing racism, towards their Hispanic neighbours. This dissertation then uses the concept of Atlantic history, and can be regarded as forming part of the transatlantic study of slavery, a paradigm that, since the early 1990s, has renewed research on slavery in the Americas. And through the use of various, multinational sources it seeks to give a more balanced and hopefully a more complete history of the period
Andioc, Torres Sophie. "Les idées politiques et littéraires de Domingo Del Monte." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080713.
Full textDomingo del monte was a central figure of the cuban society of the xix th century. He spent his life taking part in the marking events of the histoire of the colony from 1803 to 1853. He was the subject for every cultural polemics and for every political stir stemming from the conflicts between the romanticists and the neo-classicists, between the partisans of prioslavery and the abolitionists and between the reformists and the annexionists. His stances not only emerged from his actions in the society of his time. He also left us a written account in wich he proposes a wide and very complete programme meant to assure definitively the prosperity of cuba. In litterature, he recommended a raising of moral standards in plotsand language, as well as the creation of a peculiar litterature schowing the cultural originality of the island. He conceived a plan of reform for education in order to spread primary instruction to the whole population. In politic he claimed a larger autonomy compatible with the loyalty of the colony with spain. So he marked the history of ideas by his patriotism and his conception of the citizen utility
Saugera, Éric. "Renaître en Amérique ? : réfugiés et exilés français aux Etats-Unis, l'aventure de la vigne et de l'olivier, 1815-1865." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT3024.
Full textSoucy, Dominique. "La pensée maçonnico-libérale à Cuba (1811-1902) : expression, diffusion et appropriation nationale." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082296.
Full textOn 20 May 1902, the first Cuban Republic was established after a century-long search for identity. Masonry marked this process of nation affirmation through an ethical discourse that responded to the intellectual expectations of society and found its secular corollary in liberal thinking. It participated with this latter in the definition, diffusion and progressive expression of a national liberal-Masonic thinking, adapted to the social reality in Cuba and of which the Constitution of 1901 was the institutional consecration
Basterra, Pierre. "Raimundo Cabrera (1852-1923) : un itinéraire libéral à Cuba de la Colonie à la République." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082214.
Full textRaimundo Cabrera, contemporary with José Martí, is representative of the liberal movement in Cuba at the end of the colonial era as well as at the beginning of the Republic. A lawyer, a leader of the Autonomist Liberal Party before joining belatedly the independence movement, a freemason, a journalist, a pamphleteer, an essayist, a novelist, a memorialist, he has been both an invaluable witness of the history of his time and has been active in the key events of the Cuban political life. During the colonial era, he writes Cuba y sus jueces, a best-seller in which he vehemently criticizes the misdeeds of Spanish colonialism ; at the time of the Republic, he is the editor of Cuba y América, a major newspaper in Cuba. From his youth onward, influenced by the spirit of the Age of Enlightenment, the French Revolution and French culture, he enthusiastically initiates himself into liberalism and relentlessly extols the virtues of education. In his manhood, he becomes the embodiment of the self-made man and the harbinger of the North American example on the island, while being the bright champion of the Creole culture scorned by metropolitan Spain. To the last a staunch liberal, he is the epitome of the qualities and shortcomings of the Cuban elite. He is the object of an unparalleled national tribute shortly before his death
Pavez, Ojeda Jorge. "Africanismes à Cuba (1812-1917) : textes, images et classes." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0097.
Full textThis dissertation analyzes the constitution of the field of Afro-Cuban Studies at the beginnings of the XXth century in the work of Fernando Ortiz, criminal lawyer, ethnologist, historian and folklorist. We will find in it the tension between the European logics of disciplines and the forms of Afro Cuban agency in the co-production of ethnographical knowledge. In that way, we propose a deconstruction of the principals subjects and concepts on which is instituted a vision of Africa in Cuba: witchcraft, degeneration, "mob", ethnic classifications, Afro-Cubans' writings (tattoos, symbolisms, music, cults and rites). The accent on the classes and the classifications systems of social and medical disciplines will lead to a genealogy of the conceptions of black class and race adopted by the Afro-Cubans. For this, we will propose the analysis of a corpus of archives about the Afro Cuban artist and intellectual Jose Antonio Aponte, accused and executed in 1812 as conspirator and rebel
Blumenthal, Edward. "Exils et constructions nationales en Amérique du sud : proscrits argentins et chiliens au XIXe siècle." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070085.
Full textThis dissertation analyses the role of exile in nation building in Argentina and Chile (1810-1860). Analyzing the correspondence and other writings of mid-century romantic intellectuals as a corpus produced in, and shaped by, exile, it looks at the production, circulation and reception of these texts, and the effects this circulation had on the development of nation building projects in both countries. It also examines the circulation of the exiles themselves in the region and shows how exiles used cross-border networks, based on commercial and family networks that pre-dated independence, to find employment and fight for change at home, as well as working in professions associated with the articulation of nation-building projects. Participation in the host countries' public sphere profoundly shaped both the exiles' political projects as well as debates in the host countries themselves. Argentinians in Chile found a model of stability and ordered progress, which tempered their liberal romanticism, but also affected on political conflict in Chile. Chileans in the Rio de la Plata brought with them a series a representations of exile, developed by Argentinian exiles, which would shape both their view of Chile and their participation in the conflicts between Buenos Aires and the Confederation. Furthermore, the effects of the encounter between Chilean and Argentinian exiles had repercussions in the founding texts, debates and historiography of both countries. Indeed, in part because of exile, the mid-century liberal nation-building projects of both countries were profoundly intertwined
Vazquez, Robert. "La campagne et le guajiro, images d'une quête de la cubanité : recherches de la presse cubaine (1811-1871)." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20031.
Full textDjidja, Yaba. "La lutte abolitionniste de Rafael Maria de Labra : son action pour la suppression de l'esclavage à Cuba." Toulouse 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU20023.
Full textAbolitionist ideas of labra were an aspect of his political struggle. There are two reasons of these abolitionist ideas : - to give again their rights to the black people. - economical reasons. Nevertheless, his struggle was ambiguous, because in the same time he refused the independence of cuba, porto rico and philippines. He prefered "colonial autonomy"- alos, he wanted the intimacy between spain and its ex-colonies of latino- america
Castellanos, Rubio Alina. "La construcción judicial del orden social en Cuba (1820-1868)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30020.
Full textThe thesis addresses the Spanish administration of justice in Cuba during the first decades of the 19th century, in particular the manner in which the judicial treatment of social conflicts gives shape to a social order. This is accomplished through the analysis of the legal, institutional and discursive mechanisms used within a specifically colonial space. Finally, the study aims to investigate the categories regularly used in judicial and governmental practice as taxonomies of offenses, categories that established a specific understanding of the social order by defining the judicial and socio-political limits of the aspirational norms of behavior in the Caribbean colony, between the liberal trienio (1820-1823) and the beginning of the island’s first war of independence (1868). This thesis is not directed by the search for a Spanish “liberal State” that would be identifiable by its 19th century colonial administration, and of which the successes, failures, strengths and weaknesses would be analyzed. Rather, it will focus on the contextualized meanings of categories such as justice, government, administration, law/rights, and order, as they were used during the first half of the 19th century in Cuba, until the outbreak of a war that would profoundly disrupt the island’s social landscape. It is from this basis that the construction of a political space will be studied, using the figures of disorder that show its limits. The reintroduction of antiquated categories such as ‘bandit’ and ‘vagabond’ is addressed from the theoretical standpoint of the incorporation of liberal political principles in the collective imaginary, through the politicization of Hispano-American societies during the 19th century. This process is understood as the creation of new social identities as a result of the reception and use of a discursive grammar connected to contractualist theories of justice and to the forms of governmental management that are associated with them. It was a process that ultimately led to the reconfiguration of the Spanish neo-imperial monarchic social order. This reconfiguration is examined in three dimensions or registers: institutional, normative, and discursive, and through the study of the management of conflicts and of the categories and concepts allowing this management to take place
Guicharnaud-Tollis, Michèle. "Littérature et société à Cuba (1810-1850) : images de la population de couleur." Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30016.
Full textIn foreign literature -european and north american- dealing with travel as in native fiction, the different images of the coloured population of cuba during the first half of the nineteenth century have been successively studied. When placed against the often quoted material from contemporary historians, the contribution made by the former allows us to qualify the official records, but also, through the description and the impressions of the colonial way of life, to isolate the various ambitions, not all of which were desinterested, for cuba at that time. Whether in the form of souvenirs of a private holiday or a report on a scientific or political expedition, such eye-witness accounts are invariably critical, stemming as they do from commentators particularly sensitive to the most glaring weaknesses of the spanish colonial system. To counterbalance this, and on the same subject, the native literature produced by a minority of enlightened creoles gives the inside view. First of all by letting themselves go towards an advanced form of cultural cubanization from 183740, then by turning to foreign models in scientific, technical and literary fields, the cuban intellectuals of that period marked their irrepressible desire, effectively and to varying degrees, to go through with their divorce from the metropolis. Writers of the domestic urban novel, as well as those of the rural one, show the emergence of an anti-slavery line of thought by their keen interest in the coloured population and the image it projects. This is evident as much from their efforts to encourage the growth of the white population as in their evocation of the horrors of slavery. The anti-slavery line of thought, thus sketched, stems from traditional christian humanism, but is corrected by the first evolu- tionist convictions, and is not without its contradictions and qualifications. Thus we can say that the cultural history of cuba, during the first half of the nineteenth century, allows us to grasp the evolution of ideas which, several years later, resulted in the abolition of slavery, and that the emancipation of the island was due to the most enlightened minds of t
Tatti, Mariasilvia. "Les hommes des lettres italiens en france 1799-1800." Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081166.
Full textThis research concerns the exil and the literary activity of the italian men-of-letters who take refuge in france during 1799 when finishes the period or the italian republics constitued 1796, in consequence of the austro-russian offence and the misfortune of the french armee in italy. The exil of the ita- |lians finishes by june 1800, when the victory of marengo takes back the french in italy. During this period banished men-of-letters consacrate oneself to diversified literary activity, they terminate works forsaken owing to the po- litic activity, they prove new literary activity, the suggest style and new modality who comply with the new system of the literary communication. In the first part we analyse the impact of the experience of this exil on the most utilized style of literatur (political poetry, letters, translations). In the second part, we analyse the artistic and professionnal litinerary of the most important men-of-letters in the diffusion of the italian cultur in france, which conti- nued even after the exil period, during the last then years of the xix. Century, in the editions, in the papers, in the teaching. Letters and unpublished documents complete this analyse of the phenomenon of the literay exil
Waldegaray, Marta Inés. "Identité nationale cubaine et discours politico-culturel dans la production journalistique de José Martí." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030130.
Full textHennequet, Claire. "L'identité poétique de la nation. Walt Whitman, José Marti, Aimé Césaire." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030085/document.
Full textIn 19th and 20th centuries America and West Indies, the national poet’s works lay at the centre of a traffic of images. This traffic feeds the fragile social ties of young collectivities, at a time when communities are bound by imagination rather than by direct contact between their members. Distancing themselves from the representations of the community circulating at that time, like the exotic images of the New World’s nature, the poet offers an ambitious democratic vision for the future which is channeled through images of the territory, the people, slavery and history. The poet’s ethos encourages the reader to appropriate this discourse by presenting the author as a role model. However, it is mainly thanks to his style, at odds with the literary norms of his time, that the poet is able to act upon society. Whitman, Martí and Césaire do not so much contrive to capture their people’s spirit, as they participate through their work on the fragment, on popular poetical forms or on the destabilizing of meaning, in the creation of a common devenir