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Gunkel, David J. "Better Living Through Technology." Foundations of Science 22, no. 2 (2015): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10699-015-9437-8.
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Abstract In this brief response to Mark Coeckelbergh’s contribution, I demonstrate how the author introduces an important shift in the way we approach technology. Instead of focusing on the new and often-times dramatic existential vulnerabilities supposedly introduced by technological innovation, Coeckelbergh targets the way technology already transforms our existential vulnerabilities. And I show how this shift in focus has three very important consequences: (1) a different way to ask about and investigate the question concerning technology, (2) the importance of hacking as a mode of responding to this question and (3) the significance of questioning as a philosophical project.
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Kathrani, Paresh. "An ‘existential’ shift? Technology and some questions for the legal profession." Legal Ethics 20, no. 1 (2017): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1460728x.2017.1298324.
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Baeva, Liudmila. "Existential risks and problem of escapism under conditions of e-culture." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 11, no. 1 (2020): 299–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.5991.
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The article is devoted to the study of new existential problems of man in the conditions of electronic culture, forms of alienation from reality, virtual escapism, “being to death” in network communities of suicidal orientation, new forms of transcendence in electronic culture. The human existence under the e-culture conditions causes a shift in its main spheres (communication, creativity, education, leisure, art), forms a range of new problems both in value, ethical and ontological-existential relations. On the basis of the existential-axiological approach, it is shown how the values of the reality and game, life and death shift in the minds of young people in network communities and “death groups” in search of their own individuality and freedom from the society. It is identified that the electronic environment allows to transform communication, change the character of sociality, existence and transcendence of a person in the virtual being. The study results show that today the electronic environment has become not only a stronghold of modern communication and unprecedented integration of the society, but also a ground for deliberate and unconscious escape from the social reality, new manifestations of escapism and giving up the desire to live in the reality.
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Høgsnes, Linda, Karl-Gustaf Norbergh, Ella Danielson, and Christina Melin-Johansson. "The Shift in Existential Life Situations of Adult Children to Parents with Dementia Relocated to Nursing Homes." Open Nursing Journal 10, no. 1 (2016): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874434601610010122.
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Background: Previous research describes spouses and adult children of people with dementia as a homogeneous group using one term: family caregivers. Recent research shows that the needs and experiences of spouses and adult children differ, therefore they cannot be studied as a homogeneous group. Aims: The aim of the study was to describe the shift in existential life situations of adult children of a parent with dementia relocated to nursing homes. Design: This is a qualitative study with an interpretive approach. Methods: Face-to-face interviews were held with 11 adult children aged 48-65 years. The interviews lasted 30–60 minutes and data were analysed using interpretive content analysis. Findings: The adult children described how they experienced their life situation before and after their parents’ relocation. Before relocation they described feelings of powerlessness, loneliness in their responsibilities, loss and guilt. After relocation they had feelings of freedom, ongoing responsibility, living with loss and having a new relationship with death. Conclusion: The most important finding in our study was that adult children developed a different relationship with death than before the parent became affected by dementia. It is essential that healthcare staff understand and address the adult children’s existential life situations and the suffering they are experiencing. Healthcare staff need to be conscious about adult children’s needs for support to address their existential life situations before and after their parents relocate to nursing homes.
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McDonnell, John. "The potential for a progressive paradigm shift." Theory & Struggle 122, no. 1 (2021): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ts.2021.17.
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The banking crisis and the pandemic have both demonstrated the potential for a progressive paradigm shift that could break with the hegemony of neoliberalism over Britain’s political economy. The Covid pandemic has demonstrated how many of the ideas and policies that formed the basis of the Labour Party manifestos of 2017 and 2019 are essential to tackling the current crisis of the pandemic and also for tackling the next crisis, which is the existential threat of climate change. For those on the left and progressives, the task is to discuss and plan the economy and society that will translate these lessons into a vision for the future of our society and into the concrete policy programme needed to achieve that vision. This article is based on a lecture given at the Marx Memorial Library on 23 June 2020 and we are pleased to reproduce it here.
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Wood. "Climate Delusion: Hurricane Sandy, Sea Level Rise, and 1840s Catastrophism." Humanities 8, no. 3 (2019): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h8030131.
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The existential global threat of inundation of the world’s low-lying port cities necessitates a radical shift in the dominant climate framework of sustainability and resilience to include catastrophism. Scientists and social scientists of the industrial crisis decade of the 1840s, arguably the Anthropocene’s historical origin, offer a model for theorizing twenty-first century catastrophe in both geophysical and social terms, as in the case study of Hurricane Sandy presented here.
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Prokopyeva, Marina Yuryevna, and Viktor Olegovich Blynsky. "Man and His Existential Fears in Pictures of the World." Общество: философия, история, культура, no. 9 (September 25, 2020): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/fik.2020.9.8.
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The paper attempts a philosophical and anthropo-logical interpretation of fear. Fear is viewed from a historical perspective, i. e. in changing world pic-tures (mythological, religious, philosophical, scien-tific), existential fears are highlighted accordingly, which are represented as fear of time, fear of space, fear of the loss of Self, fear of the incomprehensibil-ity of life. In each of the forms of existential fear, the emphasis is on its rational and irrational aspects. In the mythological tradition, this is primarily a fear of returning to Chaos or a fear of time. The philosophi-cal picture of the world attempts to structure space, thereby establishing certain boundaries (ontological and axiological) that cause a person to fear space. In the religious picture of the world, there is a shift in emphasis on the person of Almighty God, there is a fear of losing one’s self. In the scientific picture of the world, there is a fear of the incomprehensibility of life. There is a fear of your thoughts, because you lose control over space, time and life.
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Blomme, Robert J., and Kirsten Bornebroek‐Te Lintelo. "Existentialism and organizational behaviour." Journal of Organizational Change Management 25, no. 3 (2012): 405–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09534811211228120.
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PurposeThis article aims to develop a conception consisting of insights from complexity theory and additional notions from Weick's sense‐making theory and existentialism for examining organization behaviour.Design/methodology/approachThis paper carries out a literature review of Karl Weick's theory of sense‐making and some notions from existentialism to discuss the possible contributions to complexity theory and with this a further comprehension of organizational behaviour.FindingsFour existential conditions, namely death, freedom, existentialism and meaninglessness, give a further comprehension of Weick's concept of equivocality. Equivocality is an important input for organizing processes. The complexity of organizing processes is an object for examining organizational behaviour from a complexity scientific standpoint. The authors argue that the concept of equivocality and with this the states of equilibrium in an organization can be approached with examining the states of the mentioned four existential conditions.Practical implicationsAn important point of application for change managers in an organization is equivocality. The increase of equivocality will lead to a shift in the state of equilibrium in which new themes will emerge and corresponding organisational behaviour. The level of equivocality is due to the presence of existential fears. Hence, change managers should focus on existential themes and anxieties in an organization to advance emergent change.Originality/valueNew in this paper is the usage of notions from existentialism to elaborate Weick's conception of sense‐making. Also this paper discusses the possible contribution of this elaboration to research of organisational behaviour from the perspective of complexity theory.
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Bates, Matthew W. "The External-Relational Shift in Faith (Pistis) in New Testament Research: Romans 1 as Gospel-Allegiance Test Case." Currents in Biblical Research 18, no. 2 (2020): 176–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476993x19889213.
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Evidence is marshalled for a recent ‘external-relational shift’ in scholarly understandings of pistis (traditionally translated ‘faith’) among New Testament scholars and historians of early Christianity and its social world. There is a movement away from predominantly personal existential accounts of pistis toward those that are relational and outwardly manifest. ‘Faith’ ( pistis) is predominantly a way of life characterized by fidelity or loyalty which is outwardly expressed in relationships. Beyond the New Perspective on Paul, which is an obvious factor, four streams are feeding this shift: (1) the pistis Christou debate, (2) increased appreciation of ancient social and cultural norms, (3) advances in linguistics, and (4) an emphasis on the gospel as a royal proclamation. To show why the external-relational shift matters theologically, Paul’s use of pistis in Romans 1 is explored along external-relational lines.
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Holtmeier, Matthew. "The Modern Political Cinema: From Third Cinema to Contemporary Networked Biopolitics." Film-Philosophy 20, no. 2-3 (2016): 303–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2016.0017.
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Political cinema, particularly third cinema of the 1960s and subsequently inspired films, often relies upon the formation and transformation of subjectivity. Such films depict a becoming-political of their characters, such as Ali LaPointe's transformation from bricklayer and boxer to revolutionary in Battle of Algiers (La battaglia di Algeri, Gillo Pontecorvo, 1966 ). As subjects are politicized, they reveal social, moral, existential, or ethical exigencies that drive the politics of the film. In this respect, most narrative-driven political cinema is biopolitical cinema, although its expression shifts from film to film, or from one period of time to another. Gilles Deleuze articulated such a shift in his two works on cinema, Cinema 1: The Movement-Image and Cinema 2: The Time-Image. Namely, he points to the breaking of the link between action and reaction that marks a shift from pre-World War II cinema to the postwar filmmaking environment. To update Deleuze's project on political cinema, this article posits another qualitative shift in political cinema stemming from the emergence of neoliberal economic policies and the growth of networked information systems from the 1990s to the present. This shift compromises earlier models of political cinema and results in a modern political cinema based on the fragmentation of political publics and the formation of new political exigencies. Two films set in Algeria will be used to document this shift in political modes, in a move towards the modern political cinema: Battle of Algiers and Outside the Law (Hors-la-loi, Rachid Bouchareb, 2010 ).
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JANG, YOUNGJUN. "Minimal feature-movement." Journal of Linguistics 33, no. 2 (1997): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226797006506.
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In this article I review two analyses of English existential constructions – the Case-transmission analysis and the expletive-replacement analysis – from the perspective of Chomsky's (1993, 1995) minimalist framework. I show that neither approach is free from empirical problems and that adopting minimalist program can reconcile these difficulties and account for more extensive data as well. I propose that LF feature-raising theory that I adopt here should be more economical than it is now, for example, in Chomsky (1995) so that only the relevant ‘checkable’ features raise at LF. My discussion concerns English existential constructions and Object Shift in Icelandic. In particular, I discuss (a) specificity, (b) scope and (c) negative polarity item licensing and show that the category-raising analysis of the associate of an expletive raises problems concerning these three aspects. The analysis presented in the article will be further supported by facts about predicate raising constructions.
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Inglehart, Ronald. "After Postmaterialism: An Essay on China, Russia and the United States: A Comment." Canadian Journal of Sociology 41, no. 2 (2016): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjs27993.
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Brym’s article in the current issue of this journal is an interesting and well-written discussion of an important topic and it presents a substantial body of evidence, addressing a theoretically significant question. Unfortunately, Brym misinterprets the theory he seeks to refute. He implies that Inglehart’s theory of intergenerational value change predicts that a trend toward Postmaterialist values and Self-expression values will always occur, regardless of economic and social conditions— interpreting evidence of any move in the opposite direction as refuting the theory. In fact, Inglehart has, from the start, argued that the intergenerational shift toward Postmaterialist values and Self-expression values is driven by rising levels of existential security. If younger birth cohorts grow up under substantially higher levels of economic and physical security than their elders, this will produce a trend toward new values; and declining levels of existential security will have the opposite effect.
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NOUWEN, SARAH M. H. "‘As You Set out for Ithaka’: Practical, Epistemological, Ethical, and Existential Questions about Socio-Legal Empirical Research in Conflict." Leiden Journal of International Law 27, no. 1 (2014): 227–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s092215651300071x.
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AbstractThis is the story behind another story. Inspired by the anthropological practice of reflexivity, it traces some practical, epistemological, ethical, and existential questions behind a book based on empirical socio-legal research into international criminal law in situations of conflict. The challenges involved in such research are at times impossible to overcome. Indeed, the challenges may be such that the researcher will never be able to answer her original question fully and confidently. However, challenges can be findings in themselves. They may reveal insights into the role of law in a society, the limitations of vocabularies, the overexposure of international criminal law, and inequalities in global knowledge production. Rather than merely obstructing research into a topical issue, challenges may shift the researcher's attention to other, more fundamental, questions. Nonetheless, understanding challenges as findings does not resolve the existential problem of the researcher's possible complicity in maintaining the very challenges that she analyses and perhaps ambitiously tries to overcome.
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Barreto Cupertino, Christina Menna. "The Crisis of Rationality: What Happens to Intelligence?" Gifted Education International 11, no. 3 (1996): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026142949601100307.
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This paper discusses problems arising from prevailing definitions of intelligence elaborated on the basis of the rational paradigm which constitutes the typical form of acquiring knowledge in the modern world. We are imprisoned, it is argued, in our perception of what “being intelligent” means according to the requirements of traditional scientific method. Suggestions are outlined regarding the possibilities of comprehending intelligence unleashed by a shift from the traditional psychodiagnosis model to a descriptive approach introduced by the practice of phenomenological-existential psychodiagnosis.
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Drønen, Tomas Sundnes. "Scientific Revolution and Religious Conversion: A Closer Look at Thomas Kuhn's Theory of Paradigm-Shift." Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 18, no. 3 (2006): 232–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006806778553561.
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AbstractThis article seeks to show that Thomas Kuhn's theory of paradigm-shift can be used as a methodological tool in the study of religious conversion. The same way that the scientist is limited to work within a scientific paradigm, the believer can be said to exercise religion within a theological paradigm. And as anomaly can lead to science crises and a change of worldview, anomaly within the horizon of the believer can lead to existential crisis and religious reorientation. A reservation towards the application of Kuhn's theory on religious conversion is, however, proposed by the author who does not see that different worldviews necessarily are incommensurable. Religious conversion is more often than not a reorientation that combines (what Kuhn's theory would consider as) incompatible differences.
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Korolev, A. "The Communicative Potential of the “European Home” Concept (Based on Michel Houellebecq’s Works)." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 9, no. 6 (2020): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9103-2020-27-32.
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The article examines the communicative potential of the "European home" concept building on the work of the outstanding French writer Michel Houellebecq. The article presents the grounds for referring to fiction when clarifying issues related to the study of the peculiarity of the cultural space of the United Europe, it highlights the value of "culture lens" implementation used along with special philological and philosophic research. Moreover the article below shows the said concept’s significance for understanding the distance between the characters Of M. Houellebecq and the writer himself as the author of these works as well as traces the key aspects of studying the existential experiences of these characters (loneliness, confusion, loss of life objectives) in the context of a new type of communication defined by new technologies (including those of social governance). It is concluded that it is necessary to shift the research perspective when it comes to the analysis of artistic images created by M. Houellebecq, this shift having three main axes: political (the ideology of euroscepticism: "European Home" is but a fiction), religious ("European home" loses its gods) and humanitarian (France transmits the idea of a" common European home "in a paradoxical way by actively disseminating so called "Euro values" while maintaining its nationally minded cultural orientation). M. Houellebecq's attitude to the change in the existential content of the new European communication space is reconstructed on the basis of his metaphorical use of the "European home" concept, which has a distinctly ambivalent potential.
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Markina, N. V., E. L. Soldatova, I. L. Kachuro, and A. Gavriliuc. "Personal and existential-psychological resources of form tutors working with gifted children." Education and science journal 23, no. 1 (2021): 102–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2021-1-102-135.
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Introduction. The article deals with the problem of identifying the resources of teachers – form tutors, focused on working with gifted students. This problem is considered in the context of the methodological shift from the classical to the post-non-classical scientific paradigm, from the “deficit model” to the model of “success and resilience” (S. Maddi, Ph. Hiver). A review of modern research on the problems of professiogenesis of form tutors is carried out.Aim. The aim of the present research was to empirically test the possibilities of a resource approach to the study of personal and existential-psychological aspects of the activities of teachers working with gifted children.Methodology and research methods. The methodological framework of the research is based on the provisions of the subject-activity, existential-psychological approaches to the development of the personality, to its being formation. Based on the analysis of the literature, personality traits (professional consciousness, creativity, a picture of the world, ego-identity, resilience, and others) are identified. These personality characteristics can be considered as the resources for professional development of teachers – form tutors. The severity of various types of reflection and their ratio are determined on the basis of a differential reflexivity questionnaire by A. V. Karpov and V. V. Ponomareva. The profile of ego states was built using the transactional questionnaire of D. Jongeward (in V. K. Kalinenko’s and V. A. Petrovsky’s adaptation). The Existence Scale developed by A. Langle, K. Orgler (revised by S. V. Krivtsova, I. N. Majnina and A. Yu. Vasanov) was applied for the diagnosis of indicators of existential performance as a person’s quality of life associated with a feeling of fullness of life with a particular meaning, free choice and responsibility. The features of hardiness and a method for solving the existential dilemma were identified using the S. Muddy’s Hardiness Survey (modified by D. A. Leontiev, E. I. Rasskazova).Results. The outcomes of an empirical study of the ratio of personal and existential resources of the professional activity of teachers working with gifted students are demonstrated. Significant differences were revealed in the manifestation of hardiness and reflexivity in relation to form tutors with different types of personality ego-structures. Factor analysis made it possible to identify two factors, which demonstrate the existential-psychological and personal resources of the activity of form tutors working with gifted students: “existential choice of a new professional experience” and “detachment from externally given rhythms and attitudes”.Scientific novelty. The empirical capabilities of the existential-psychological, subject-activity and resource-based approaches to the study of the problems of the psychology of giftedness and the professiogenesis of teachers are tested.Practical significance. The demonstrated results can be used as part of a programme for developing the resources of professional activity of teachers working with gifted students.
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Candiotto, Laura. "Heidegger’s ontic relatedness: Pros ti and Mitsein." Revista de Filosofia Aurora 28, no. 43 (2016): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/aurora.28.043.ao03.
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Relational structure is a primitive notion of Heidegger’s Dasein. By analyzing the concept of pros-ti as it emerges from the Heidegger’s 1924 course dedicated to Plato’s Sophist, I outline the Platonic and Aristotelic roots of Heideggerian Mitsein. Arguably the Mitsein makes explicit the instances of the pros ti — in other words, the instances of Aristotle’s concept of relatedness/intentionality that Heidegger ascribes to Plato’s heteron — but giving them an existential value, having Heidegger pursued the shift from realism to phenomenologyexistentialism. The article concludes by emphasizing the relevance of these themes for social ontology.
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Morgan, J. H. "What to Do When there is Nothing to Do: The psychotherapeutic value of Meaning Therapy in the treatment of late life depression." Health, Culture and Society 5, no. 1 (2013): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/hcs.2013.126.
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Psychotherapeutic treatment with the goal of cure, of course, is the standard within the healing professions but when we are dealing with late life depression where there is no hope for longevity, the agenda necessarily must shift from cure to care, from treatment with the goal of renewed healthy living to a focus upon the palliative aspects of a limited prognosis. Here, then, the clinician is faced with the challenge of existential intervention with an emphasis upon the “moment” rather than the future. The encroachment of ennui upon the elderly, particularly and especially those who have been actively engaged in a full life of service such as the clergy, physicians, teachers, and attorneys, can be a traumatic and debilitating experience.When hope for the future is not being sought but rather an effective and celebrative address to the existential realities confronting the elderly patient who is facing decline and death, the quest for those “happy moments” conjured in the patient’s memory constitute a promising field of treatment.Geriatric logotherapy is uniquely constructed to do just that.
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Asikis, Thomas, Johannes Klinglmayr, Dirk Helbing, and Evangelos Pournaras. "How value-sensitive design can empower sustainable consumption." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 1 (2021): 201418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201418.
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In a so-called overpopulated world, sustainable consumption is of existential importance. However, the expanding spectrum of product choices and their production complexity challenge consumers to make informed and value-sensitive decisions. Recent approaches based on (personalized) psychological manipulation are often intransparent, potentially privacy-invasive and inconsistent with (informational) self-determination. By contrast, responsible consumption based on informed choices currently requires reasoning to an extent that tends to overwhelm human cognitive capacity. As a result, a collective shift towards sustainable consumption remains a grand challenge. Here, we demonstrate a novel personal shopping assistant implemented as a smart phone app that supports a value-sensitive design and leverages sustainability awareness, using experts’ knowledge and ‘wisdom of the crowd’ for transparent product information and explainable product ratings. Real-world field experiments in two supermarkets confirm higher sustainability awareness and a bottom-up behavioural shift towards more sustainable consumption. These results encourage novel business models for retailers and producers, ethically aligned with consumer preferences and with higher sustainability.
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Roelofse, J. R. "A Paradigm shift in pre-theoretical deliberations on crime within spiritual existentialism." Theologia Viatorum 41, no. 1 (2017): 48–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/tv.v41i1.19.
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Explanations on the origins of life, spiritual possession and death after life cannot be explained from a naturalistic, positivistic methodological view point simply because scientists have not ventured deep enough to develop measuring instruments for these phenomena. This inadequacy in positivism has led to the exclusion of theoretical explanations of crime and desistance as a result of spirituality. The anomaly can be discharged, had it not been that a bias has developed against spiritual phenomena which is substantiated in this article. In a liberal world, emphasising freedom of conscience and speech, this is a contradiction worthy of enquiry. Our existential world has for ages been affected by behaviour, claimed to be influenced by the supernatural. The question is whether criminologists can ignore phenomena such as spiritual possession claimed by especially Africans, aboriginal peoples and some religions? Many perpetrators, by their own testimonies, as indicated in the article, have been motivated by spiritual phenomena in the perpetration of crime. It is necessary to indicate that the article does not favour a purely spiritual (or religious) approach to crime but calls for an epistemological assumption within Criminology that encourages philosophical debates and theory development, giving consideration to spirituality. This article argues for a pre-theoretical debate in criminological philosophy1 and to develop our research into a phenomenological capacity to deal with metaphysical issues.
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Baeva, Liudmila V. "Virtual Communication." International Journal of Technoethics 7, no. 1 (2016): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijt.2016010104.
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The shift of the real communication to the virtual sphere has influenced the nature of interpersonal relations. The article focuses on the characterization of the phenomenon ‘virtual communication', playing the dominating role in the electronic world culture. Drawing from a socio-cultural analysis and the theory of simulacra by J. Baudrillard, the article proposes the classification of the virtual communication types in terms of the nature of human relations and illustrates their peculiarities and features. Using the axiological approach, the author characterizes the phenomenon of the virtual communication and the existential and ethical aspects of the interpersonal relation transfer to the sphere of the information contact. The research resulted in revealing the features and peculiarities of the virtual communication and the benefits and risks for human beings and society.
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Devdiuk, Ivanna. "Critical reception of existential prose of the interwar decades in Ukrainian literary criticism." Fìlologìčnì traktati 12, no. 1 (2020): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/ftrk.2020.12(1)-2.
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The article deals with peculiarities of critical expierence of existential problems in the interwar Ukrainian prose works. The topicality of the article is caused by the lack of special studies on this problem. Its purpose is to determine the evolution and stages of the scientific-critical reception of existential discourse in the Ukrainian writing of the named period. In the course of the analysis it has been revealed that the first positive reviews, which emphasize the intellectual and psychological dominant of the works, date back to the twentieth years marked by the relative freedom of self-expression. From the 1930s to the end of the 1980s the works of modernist writers almost completely disappear from the scientific and reading space. In this paper it is emphasized a situation in a totalitarian society where criticism, serving the dominant ideology, acquires the characteristics of a political structure. Ignoring the fact of the functioning of modernism in Ukrainian culture meant a simultaneous turning away from the manifestations of artistic representation of individual existence. Artificially interrupted process has been compensated by literary studies of the representatives of Ukrainian diaspora which underline a high level of prose works by M. Khvylovy, V. Pidmohylny, V. Domontovych etc., their congeniality with European writing. The third stage dates back to the nineties and continues to this day. It is marked by the study of Ukrainian literature from the point of view of the latest methodologies. One of the research areas is reading texts in the projection of the philosophy of existence. The analysis of critical works proves the notable progress of our scholars towards the comprehension of existentiality as a historically and culturally determined phenomenon in the Ukrainian art space. Existential discourse is unanimously regarded as an organic component of modernist processes, marked by the shift of attention from the external reality to the internal life. of The literary critics active search has resulted both in the diversity of the scientific and methodological spectrum of research and the broadening of the visions of the artistic and aesthetic context in which this discourse operates.
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Frizen, M. A. "SUBJECTIVITY OF THE FORMED PERSONALITY IN RESPECT OF SELF-DEVELOPMENT." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 2 (July 8, 2016): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2016-2-136-139.
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The approaches to the essence of development and self-development understanding are considered in the article. The emphasis is laid on the internal activity of the personality as a factor of its development (self-determination). The key conditions of development and self-development are considered, namely, apprehension by the individual of the necessity of development/self-development and opportunities for their implementation. The idea of designing of the activity contexts accumulating the subjective activity of the formed personality aimed at self-development is expressed. The role of the age crises causing a shift of a semantic marking of the world in self-development activation is discussed. The problematics of the subjective activity of teenagers and young men in respect of self-development is considered in the ratio with the acceptance of existential responsibility for it by them.
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Travis, Charles. "Acts of Perception: Samuel Becket, Time, Space and the Digital Literary Atlas of Ireland, 1922–1949." International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 9, no. 2 (2015): 219–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2015.0150.
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Situated in the wake of the first and second waves of the Digital Humanities, the Digital Literary Atlas of Ireland, 1922–1949 website provides interactive mapping and timeline features for academics and members of the public who are interested in the intersection of Irish literary culture, history, and environment. The site hosts Google Earth software produced interfaces with the EXHIBIT Timeline functions made available by the Semantic Interoperability of Metadata and Information in unLike Environments (SIMILE) project, developed and hosted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's (MIT) Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) and Library. This paper's case study maps the biographical lifepath of the writer Samuel Beckett using digital humanities techniques such as ergodicity, and deformance. The geo-digital-timeline mapping of his biography allows us to visualize the shift in Beckett's literary perspective from a latent Cartesian verisimilitude to more phenomenological and fragmented, existential impressions of time and place. The atlas's visualizations of his Wanderjahre years in various European metropoles chart the intellectual and aesthetic influences shaping the Beckettian literary landscapes of his later and better-known works, such as En Attendant Godot (1953). Beckett's thought, works, and shifts in perception provide insight into how digital cultural mapping practices and third wave digital humanities methodologies and tools can be conceptualized and operationalized.
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Al-Kufaishi, Adil. "Obligatory translation shift as a sub-component of a model of quality assurance specifications and performance translator assessment." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 57, no. 2 (2011): 144–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.57.2.02kuf.
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The paper deals primarily with obligatory translation shifts involving translating English texts from and into Arabic and specifies the sub-components of a proposed model of quality assurance specifications and performance translator assessment. Obligatory shifts involve substituting English non-finite embedded forms with finite ones, lexicalizing certain grammatical elements, making agreement in gender between Arabic adjectives and nouns and Arabic nouns and verbs, substituting emphatic ‘do’ with the appropriate rhetorical device, supplying an antecedent to the translated Arabic relative constructions, transposing English initial noun clauses and sentence modifiers to post-verbal positions, placing the definite noun rather than its referent in initial positions, rendering certain English adjectives into verbs, nouns or adjectival clauses, replacing existential ‘there’ and the English grammatical subject ‘it’ with the appropriate corresponding forms, substituting the English comma with the Arabic conjunctive ‘wa’-and or ‘aw’-or as a linking device, deleting the corresponding form of copula be in Arabic interrogatives and replacing certain English noun modifiers with the appropriate similitude construction. The proposed model of quality assurance specifications and performance translator assessment examines the communicative, situational, semantic, structural, stylistic, pragmatic, textual, aesthetic, rhetorical, lexical and informational aspects of the translated text which are essential for assessing the quality of the text and the performance of the translator.
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Hamilton, Scott. "I am uncertain, but We are not: a new subjectivity of the Anthropocene." Review of International Studies 45, no. 04 (2019): 607–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210519000135.
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AbstractThe concept of ‘the Anthropocene’ as a new human-induced geological epoch has made its way into IR. Debates have recently arisen between ‘post-humanists’ stressing its destruction of subject-object binaries and ‘New Anthropocentrists’ arguing that it increases the importance of the human being as planetary steward. This article moves beyond these debates to question a strange but unexplored foundation that underlies the basic discourse of the Anthropocene: the assertion that humanity must be grouped together as a collective species, ‘anthropos’, or planetary ‘We’. Using the philosophy of Martin Heidegger, it argues that the Anthropocene reveals a new and deeper shift in human subjectivity, moving from an individualistic Cartesian ‘I’ to a collective and planetary ‘We’. This argument is made in three steps. First, today's common treatment of humanity as a collective whole in Anthropocene literature is examined. Second, it details how transformations in subjectivity occur by shifting the historical boundaries of our most fundamental notion of certainty – the ‘subiectum’ – and how the technologies of Earth System Science (ESS) subtly facilitate this shift today. Finally, the article argues how this subjective transformation from the ‘I’ to the ‘We’ results from the temporal, spatial, and existential incalculability and uncertainty of the Anthropocene, thereby fostering the rise of certainty in new forms of conflictual identity politics.
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Loughan, Ashlee R., Farah J. Aslanzadeh, Julia Brechbiel, et al. "Death-related distress in adult primary brain tumor patients." Neuro-Oncology Practice 7, no. 5 (2020): 498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nop/npaa015.
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Abstract Background A diagnosis of cancer may increase mortality salience and provoke death-related distress. Primary brain tumor (PBT) patients may be at particular risk for such distress given the certainty of tumor progression, lack of curative treatments, and poor survival rates. This study is the first to examine the prevalence of death-related distress and its correlates in PBT patients. Methods Adult PBT patients (N = 105) enrolled in this cross-sectional study and completed the Death Distress Scale (subscales: Death Depression, Death Anxiety, Death Obsession), Generalized Anxiety Disorder–7, and Patient Health Questionnaire–9. Prevalence and predictors of death-related distress, and the relationships of demographic variables to clusters of distress, were explored. Results The majority of PBT patients endorsed clinically significant death-related distress in at least one domain. Death anxiety was endorsed by 81%, death depression by 12.5%, and death obsession by 10.5%. Generalized anxiety was the only factor associated with global death-related distress. Cluster analysis yielded 4 profiles: global distress, emotional distress, resilience, and existential distress. Participants in the resilience cluster were significantly further out from diagnosis than those in the existential distress cluster. There were no differences in cluster membership based on age, sex, or tumor grade. Conclusions PBT patients appear to have a high prevalence of death-related distress, particularly death anxiety. Further, 4 distinct profiles of distress were identified, supporting the need for tailored approaches to addressing death-related distress. A shift in clusters of distress based on time since diagnosis also suggest the need for future longitudinal assessment.
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Iversen, Hans Raun. "Sekulariseringen som vilkår for kirkens arbejde." Dansk Teologisk Tidsskrift 73, no. 1 (2010): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/dtt.v73i1.106407.
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Secularization can be seen as a part of the modern differentiation of spheres in society or as a result of a regression of religious beliefs and practices among common people. According to Taylor’s opus magnum A Secular Age (2007) the process of secularization has four tracks of development: Most fundamental is (1) disembodiment, social disembeddedness and thereby the excarnation of religion. To this is added (2) a shift from porous to buffered selves, (3) the dissolution of holiness and (4) the existential acceptance of an immanent frame. For the individual, secularization means moving from a religiously authorized, integrated world into an open world with broken horizons for human identity. Secularization is thus not primarily about the disappearance of religion but about radical new conditions for human life – and hence for thework of the church. This applies in specific ways to the specific case of Denmark.
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Adams, Simon. "Notes for the Next un Secretary-General." Global Responsibility to Protect 8, no. 4 (2016): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1875984x-00804002.
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The United Nations faces an existential crisis. The norms that bind and ‘safeguard humanity’ are currently under threat. The deliberate bombing of hospitals and the indiscriminate killing of civilians has become almost routine in Syria and several other conflicts. Numerous governments and murderous non-state actors (like isis or Boko Haram) are defying international humanitarian and human rights law. This article argues that the solution to the current global exigency and a central challenge facing the next Secretary-General is to achieve an equilibrium shift away from crisis response and towards conflict prevention. This is especially true with regard to preventing mass atrocity crimes (genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and ethnic cleansing). Historically, no single issue has done more to tarnish the reputation of the un than the failure to halt atrocities. Under a committed Secretary-General, the un has unique capacity to prevent these crimes.
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Vitelli, Roberto. "Binswanger, Daseinsanalyse and the Issue of the Unconscious: An Historical Reconstruction as a Preliminary Step for a Rethinking of Daseinsanalytic Psychotherapy." Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 49, no. 1 (2018): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691624-12341343.
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Abstract Drawing on Ludwig Binswanger’s work, this paper seeks to reconstruct historically and theoretically his relationship with Freud and Psychoanalysis and to trace his ideas with regard to the Unconscious. Tied to Freud by a friendship lasting thirty years, it started mainly from his encounter with the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, Alexander Pfänder, Franz Brentano, Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger and Martin Buber that Binswanger developed an original system of thinking and clinical application. The issue of the unconscious, beginning from this theoretical shift, underwent a radical reformulation. First, Heideggerian thought allowed him to recognize the importance of different World-Projects, intended as existential a priori characterized by a specific internal normativity. Subsequently, the return to Husserl’s thinking lead Binswanger to rethink again the unconscious issue in light of the field of Passive Synthesis. In this paper we will examine all these issues and reconsider their importance for psychotherapeutic practice.
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Gan, Tian, and Cheng-Yu Edwin Tsai. "The syntax of Mandarin dative alternation." International Journal of Chinese Linguistics 7, no. 2 (2020): 187–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.20006.gan.
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Abstract This paper investigates the syntax of dative constructions (DCs) in Mandarin from the perspective of quantifier scope interpretation. In the literature, doubly quantified DCs such as Xiaoming ji-le yi-zhang mingxinpian gei mei-yi-wei laoshi ‘Xiaoming mailed one postcard to every teacher’ have been claimed to be scopally ambiguous, and different syntactic analyses have been proposed based on this observation. Crucially, however, DCs with the universal direct object (DO) preceding the existential indirect object (IO), e.g., Xiaoming ji-le mei-yi-zhang mingxinpian gei yi-wei laoshi ‘Xiaoming mailed every postcard to one teacher’, appear to be not ambiguous, where only the existential IO seems to take wide scope. This problem, which we call the dative puzzle, has not been systematically explored, either theoretically or experimentally. To fill this gap, we conducted an experiment on the scope interpretation of dative sentences in Mandarin, which confirms the above observation. A syntactic analysis for Mandarin DCs is proposed accordingly, where it is argued that (i) DCs share the same underlying structure with shift constructions (SCs) of the form [Subj V-gei IO DO], both containing a causative vP embedded under an action verb (cf. Cheng et al. 1999); (ii) the surface form of a DC is derived by an optional, vP-internal scrambling of the DO from the lowest complement position to an adjunct position; and (iii) such scrambling does not affect scope interpretation. Our proposal suggests that, insofar as inherently ditransitive verbs are concerned, Mandarin DCs and SCs are derivationally related, and the observed dative puzzle is shown to follow from the structural hierarchy of the advocated base syntax of DCs.
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Sánchez Fernández, Carlos. "Heiddegerian enframing, nihilism & affectlessness in J.G. Ballard’s Crash:." International Journal of English Studies 19, no. 1 (2019): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/ijes.359191.
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J.G. Ballard’s novel Crash (1973) allows a reading in the terms of Heidegger’s concept of Ge-stell or enframing, according to which in modernity everything, humans included, is seen as a mere means to often questionable ends. Prompted by violent sexual fantasies and an unleashed death drive, its main characters, a wild bunch of symphorophiliac drivers, live a life of existential nihilism, treating human beings as objects, mere fodder for their prearranged car crashes. In so doing, they take an active part in a general process of dehumanisation afflicting Western civilisation, where people are just standing reserve (Bestand). This would be closely linked to so-called affectlessness, where emotions go nowhere but to an ever-increasing self-absorption in a world without others. In turn, this would be symptomatic of a civilisational shift from word to image, in a society where technology and performativity reign supreme and everything is evacuated of meaning.
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Kasavina, Nadezhda A. "On the Burden of Technology and the Mission of Scientist." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 56, no. 3 (2019): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps201956344.
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The whole problem under our collective investigation, as I view it, is about understanding the human situation in terms of the impact of technology. The union of science and technology still resides within the limits of a “practical anthropocentrism” (Marsel G.), that is increasing satisfaction of human needs. An advancement in science and technology is accompanied by the desacralization of culture and the crisis of humanism. An awareness of the growing environmental, cultural, existential problems leads to the necessity to shift the vectors of scientific inquiry and technological development. In this process, the role and mission of the humanities is an articulation and promotion of human perspectives of science and technological progress. The humanities’ mission consists in attracting attention of scientists and society to humanizing technology and its aiming not only towards the growth of power over nature, but also to the making of a new relationship to the humans, to solving global problems.
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Pirrie, Anne, and Stephen Day. "Reflective practice and student satisfaction: never the twain shall meet?" European Educational Research Journal 18, no. 4 (2018): 483–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474904118804423.
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The focus of this article is the inter-relationship between two canonical notions in contemporary education discourse: ‘reflective practice’ and ‘student satisfaction’ in the context of the marketisation of higher education across Europe and the concomitant emphasis on student autonomy and institutional competitiveness. Drawing on the work of Jan Masschelein and Tim Ingold, the authors offer a critique of contemporary attempts to reanimate the notion of reflective practice. Drawing upon the work of Sharon Todd, the authors explore the theoretical underpinnings of contemporary approaches to reflective practice and suggest that these betoken an implicit commitment to a vision of education as a process of transmission rather than of educating the gaze. They trace the aetiology of the former back to the direction of education policy in the decades since the adoption of the Lisbon Strategy. They conclude that a nuanced approach to reflective practice entails a consideration of student satisfaction and fundamental shift in emphasis from epistemological or methodological towards existential concerns.
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Selby, David, and Fumiyo Kagawa. "Teetering on the Brink." Journal of Transformative Education 16, no. 4 (2018): 302–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541344618782441.
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Unchecked climate change poses a self-inflicted existential risk to humanity as it exacerbates the multiple-crisis syndrome facing global society. In international policy, education for sustainable development is widely flagged as transformative. To realize that transformative potential, sustainability educators are exploring the nexus between their field and that of transformative learning. They particularly call for a stretching of epistemology so that unsustainable practices are challenged, taken-for-granted thinking and assumptions disrupted, root causes of global dysfunction interrogated, values subjected to critical scrutiny, change potential of socio-affective learning unleashed, and paradigm shift thus catalyzed. The problem is the overall lack of consensus about what needs sustaining and what needs transforming. Seeking to address that problem, we call for subversive learning interrogating four key climate change drivers: economic growth, consumerism, denial, and climate injustice. We also call for restorative learning in three important areas: restoring nature intimacy, confronting despair, and reclaiming the good life.
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Speransky, Nina. "Notes on Coptic Possessive Predication." Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 147, no. 2 (2020): 188–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2020-0038.
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SummaryThe aim of this paper is to present a linguistically valid description of Coptic (or, more precisely, Sahidic) possessive predication construction, both from the diachronic and the synchronic points of view. The first section treats the complex possessive predication system in Demotic, largely based upon Quack 2020 with some additional observations. The second section discusses possible causes for the shift of the possessor-argument, introduced by the preposition mtw-, to the immediate proximity of the existential verboid wn-. Section 3 aims to explain the origin and the usage of the double suffix possessive pattern (ⲉⲧⲉⲟⲩⲛⲧⲁ-ⲓ-ϥ). Section 4 deals with argument marking in the Sahidic possessive predication, looking for the features that speak for or against the ‘have-drift’. Section 5 discusses the syntactic alternatives of the ⲟⲩⲛⲧⲁ-pattern. The final section attempts to find the semantic mechanisms behind the use of the adverb ⲙⲙⲁⲩ in the basic possessive predication pattern.
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Mantovan, Lara, and Carlo Geraci. "R-impersonal interpretation in Italian Sign Language (LIS)." Sign Language and Linguistics 21, no. 2 (2018): 232–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.00019.man.
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Abstract In this paper, we examine agent backgrounding in Italian Sign Language (LIS). Specifically, we are interested in identifying and describing the strategies used by LIS signers to reduce referentiality. On the basis of low-referential contexts (cf. questionnaire in the Introduction chapter), we recorded target sentences containing potential markers of agent backgrounding and asked three LIS native signers to provide felicity judgments on them using a 7-point scale. We discuss agent-backgrounding strategies of different types: (i) manual, (ii) non-manual, and (iii) syntactic. Overall, our study shows that the combination of raised eyebrows and mouth-corners down associated with the existential quantifier someone and the sign person makes the agent-backgrounding reading more prominent. Other strategies that can be used in LIS to reduce referentiality are free relatives, perspective shift, and null subject. We also investigate in more detail the semantic status of someone, person, and the null subject through well-established tests from the literature.
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Beattie, Tina. "Catholicism, Choice and Consciousness: A Feminist Theological Perspective on Abortion." International Journal of Public Theology 4, no. 1 (2009): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187251710x12578338897863.
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AbstractDespite the apparently irreconcilable conflict between ‘pro-life’ and ‘pro-choice’ activists in the abortion debate, many feminists and Catholic theologians agree that questions of consciousness, relationality and foetal development are of greater ethical significance than theological claims about the personhood of the embryo or feminist claims about women’s autonomy. This article argues that absolutist positions based on the embryo’s right to life or the woman’s right to choose fail to represent the reality of abortion and the dilemmas it poses. It suggests an approach in which maternal consciousness and foetal development are together recognized as intrinsic to the process of humanization, and argues for a gradual shift in emphasis from the primacy of the woman’s right to choose in the first trimester, to the right to life of the foetus in the third semester. It concludes with a reflection on Mary and Eve, as symbols of women’s eschatological hope and existential reality with regard to childbearing.
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Talley, Sharon. "Revisioning Death and Dying: 19th-Century Attitudes as Reflected in Louisa May Alcott's Antebellum and Civil War Writings." Prospects 30 (October 2005): 157–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300002027.
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In “The Pornography of Death,” an essay originally published in 1955 and later incorporated into a book-length study, anthropologist Geoffrey Gorer was the first to document a dramatic shift between Victorian and contemporary attitudes toward sexuality and death. Victorian society viewed death as a natural, integral part of life, while sexuality was considered obscene and pornographic, a topic unfit for polite conversation and social discourse. In the 20th century, however, Gorer locates an “unremarked shift in prudery; whereas copulation has become more and more ‘mentionable,’ particularly in the Anglo-Saxon societies, death has become more and more ‘unmentionable’ as a natural process” (195). Responding to Gorer's provocative argument, other scholars have confirmed this cultural shift from acceptance to fear and denial of death, and as popular interest in this phenomenon has developed in the United States, a credible canon of study has formed to fill the previous void in scholarship regarding the historical, psychological, and cultural dimensions of death that simultaneously fascinate and silence Americans. As a result, death in recent decades has become an acceptable field of scholarly inquiry. However, although often viscerally aroused by abstract death and irresistibly drawn to its depiction, Americans as a society remain uncomfortable with death's immediate implications and, in many contexts, avoid contemplating its relationship to their own lives and the lives of those around them.In contrast, as Charles O. Jackson observes, “The popular mind of antebellum America was saturated with open concern about death,” a concern prompted not only “by ‘actuarial prevalence’ but by ‘existential proximity’ Life expectancy throughout the century remained limited, measured against today's standards, approximately forty years in 1850 and forty-seven at the close of the century” (61).
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Stover, Sue. "‘You can’t totally avoid accidents. So how hard should you try?’." New Zealand Annual Review of Education 23 (December 30, 2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/nzaroe.v23i0.5285.
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 The question of ‘how hard should you try?’ to control accidents introduces a quixotic question which is grappled with daily by early childhood teachers. In the context of contemporary early childhood settings in Aotearoa New Zealand, young children are expected to be kept ‘safe’ and yet also to take risks through active play. When considered historically, ‘safety’ becomes evident as a socially constructed concept that holds paradoxes and ethical dilemmas. Both ‘play’ and ‘safety’ are difficult to closely define and their meanings shift with context. Drawing on oral history interviews with historic leaders of the early childhood sector in Aotearoa New Zealand, this paper explores how, with the presence of very young children increasingly in institutional settings, ideas about ‘safety’ have shifted. This is evident in how those settings are regulated, and in what is understood as ‘normal’ activities for children, and for adults – parents and teachers. Three overlapping discourses of ‘safety’ are suggested which reflect the sociocultural context, the professional status of early childhood teachers, and existential concerns.
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Saarelainen, Suvi-Maria. "Meeting the Spiritual Care Needs of Emerging Adults with Cancer." Religions 11, no. 1 (2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11010016.
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Every year 90,000 young people in Europe and the USA are newly diagnosed with cancer. The majority of earlier studies have taken a quantitative perspective, rarely focusing on the importance of religiosity and spirituality. From these premises, this narrative study explores the spiritual needs of emerging adults with cancer and suggests spiritual care practices that would benefit them in their shift to the remission stage. The data were obtained from the experiences of 16 emerging adults who took part in autobiographical interviews and drew life-tree drawings. Narrative-thematic and visual-narrative methods were used to interpret the data. The results show that spiritual needs manifest in multiple areas: existential questions, value-based searching, and religious seeking. Spiritual care should be targeted to issues such as identity, self-blame, understanding personal values, and relationship with God. Furthermore, family and partners should be supported and dreams of the future after cancer encouraged. The needs for spiritual care are manifold and these needs remain for years after the treatment ends.
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Barciński, Łukasz. "The Intricacies of the Postmodern Convention – Thomas Ruggles Pynchon in Polish Translation." Ad Americam 18 (January 30, 2018): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/adamericam.18.2017.18.01.
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The article presents the prominent figure of the contemporary American writer, Thomas Ruggles Pynchon, a leading representative of the postmodern literary convention. The study contains a brief introduction of his works, with a special focus on the canonical novel for the postmodern convention i.e. Gravity’s Rainbow. The study will also apply McHale’s concept of ‘ontological dominant,’ which aptly describes the shift from epistemological issues to existential ones occurring from modernist to postmodernist literature. Subsequently, the article discusses the main aspects of Pynchon’s literary works and e.g. the presumed mode of reading i.e. ‘creative paranoia,’ encyclopaedicity and the interpretatively inconclusive binarities. Then, two fragments from Gravity’s Rainbow in Polish translation are analyzed in terms of the preservation of the source text sense productive potential according to Venuti’s theory of ‘foreignization.’ Finally, the study offers conclusions related to the reasons as to why there seem to be considerable deficiencies in the Polish rendition of Pynchon’s novels, attributing this fact to the lack of an equivalent literary convention in the Polish literary environment.
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Melikhov, German. "Productive Misunderstanding." Dialogue and Universalism 31, no. 2 (2021): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/du202131229.
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The article focuses on understanding some of the self-evident premises of the philosophy of the 17th–19th centuries that make up the horizon of the Enlightenment. One of these premises is Immanuel Kant’s idea of independent thinking. Based on the analysis of the polemics of Kant and Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi about the “extrasensible abilities” of the reason, the question is raised about the possibility of understanding someone else’s concept based on other existential preferences. Answering this question, we distinguish between the concept of the Enlightenment and the practical principle of the Enlightenment and show that the supporter of the ideology of the Enlightenment (Kant) and his critic (Jacobi) appear in the light of the principle of independent thinking as the spokesmen of the spirit, not the letter of the Enlightenment. A condition for understanding someone else’s concept is a productive misunderstanding, which is one of the aspects of the principle of independent thinking: the acceptance of the self-evident as incomprehensible, the shift of one’s attention to one’s own how-being and the perception of thought as a gift.
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Rocha, Raysa, and Paulo Pinheiro. "Business Education: Filling the Gaps in the Leader’s Awareness Concerning Organizational Phronesis." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (2021): 2274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042274.
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Education is a method of sharing social consciousness and social reconstruction. There is an existential crisis in business education driven by the conflict between social and financial objectives. A paradigm shift in business education requires that leaders be taught how to incorporate new competencies. Phronesis (practical wisdom), individual and collective, is an essential competence to be addressed in business education. It leads companies to continuous innovation and highly sustainable performance. We conducted 23 interviews with leaders from organizations in 14 countries to discuss some transformations that business education needs through leaders’ awareness concerning organizational phronesis. We conducted a thematic analysis of the interviews with support from NVivo software. The results demonstrate gaps in leaders’ awareness concerning phronesis and its relationships with knowledge management and organizational spirituality. Business education still needs to be reviewed to enable leaders to learn and incorporate phronesis theory and practice. Building on the gaps found in the leaders’ awareness of phronesis, we propose interdisciplinary pedagogical methods to teach business students competencies that enable the embodiment of phronesis. These changes in business education are indispensable to reach sustainability.
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Astrakhan, Natalia. "MET-LITERATURE AS A WAY OF MANIFESTING META-REALITY: JN THE ROAD TO A NEW WORLD VIEW." LITERARY PROCESS: methodology, names, trends, no. 17 (2021): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2412-2475.2021.17.1.
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The article deals with the phenomenon of meta-literature as a manifestation of self-reflection inherent in creative writing and artistic creation. The articles makes an attempt to characterize the phenomenon of meta-literature, which reflects the basic laws of literary development in the twentieth century, gaining special significance in the context of the transition from modernism to postmodernism. It is noted that the problem of art and reality relations is re-thought in connection with the formation and development of modernist literature, all the most significant works of which in one way or another are involved in updating the vectors of artistic solution to this problem. The aesthetic, ideological and poetic features of modernist literature are analyzed, the shift that the content sphere of modernist works undergoes in connection with the interpretation of the problem of art and reality relations is demonstrated, and their poetic basis is determined. It is emphasized that by exploring the phenomenon of literature artistically, meta-literature, in its various manifestations, opens the prospects for a new vision of reality, allows to expand and deepen its understanding. By arguing the need for experiencing literature within the framework of existential experience and thus removing the boundary between artistic and real dimensions of existence ("real life is literature", according to M. Proust), modernists approached the views of philosophical hermeneutics. Remythologization, which characterizes the modernist literary and artistic discourse, can also be understood in connection with the need to correlate artistic meanings with existential ones, to find new ways of identifying and legitimizing them in the situation of religious consciousness crisis. A new configuration of the combination of ancient and biblical-Christian meta-images in the process of remythologization determines the construction of a new world view and concept of man, ensures the achievement of a multifaceted vision of reality. The introduction of the metabolic image of a book into the works of postmodern literature provides an artistic manifestation of the meta-reality discovered by modernism.
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Madeira, Luis, Teresa Filipe, Tânia Cavaco, Elizabeth Pienkos, and Maria Luísa Figueira. "The loss of nosological validity: why and how should we consider disturbances of subjective world experience?" Revista Psicopatologia Fenomenológica Contemporânea 7, no. 2 (2018): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37067/rpfc.v7i2.970.
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Contemporary psychiatric nosology has evolved with a primary goal of reducing the presence and influence of subjectivity by valuing objective symptoms and explanations (e.g. neurobiological models of psychopathology). However, improvements in the reliability and validity of these endeavours have fallen short of expectations, and it has been argued that one reason for these failures is the very omission or neglect of subjectivity in understanding and explaining mental illness. This paper supports the need for a paradigm shift, from researching the “what” of mental symptoms to a focus on “how” patients experience themselves and the world when undergoing a mental disorder. We review past contributions to disturbances of subjectivity, particularly in schizophrenia, which have contributed to the creation of a new bio-pheno-social model. We also discuss available tools for the systematic assessment of subjective anomalies. We pay special attention to the Examination of Anomalous World Experience (EAWE), which considers disturbances in world engagement, including the experience of atmosphere, space and objects, lived time and temporality, interpersonal relations, language, and existential concerns. Ultimately, we stress that the exploration of subjective experiences is essential, promising, and achievable in research on mental disorders.
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Giguère, Christian. "A New Hegemonic Hope: Daemonic Agency in the Techno-Thriller Novels of Daniel Suarez." Excursions Journal 4, no. 1 (2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/exs.4.2013.160.
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 The article reflects on how contemporary science fiction has initiated a paradigmatic shift in the conceptualization of hegemonic force. Focussing on the figure of the Daemon depicted in two recent techno-thriller novels – Daemon (2009) et Freedom (2010) by American author Daniel Suarez – I show how the pervasive conceptions surrounding the agency of modern technology that we find in the late writings of Martin Heidegger are confronted in twenty-first century narratives that question the way we conceptualize the hegemonic directing of human consciousness by re-examining the figures of Ancient Greco-Roman thought. In the article, I pay particular attention to how what I call the “daemonic mobility” of human thought that we find in the writings of the Neo-Platonist Apuleius is eliminated by Augustine in his devising (in City of God and his other writings) of a permanent locus of existential consciousness, and how this contributes to Heidegger’s understanding of the essence of technology as the “coming to presence of art”. By re-investing the figure of the daemon and the mobility of human thought, Suarez narratives allow us to renew our understanding of the nature of this poeisis.
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Ryan, Barry J. "The disciplined sea: a history of maritime security and zonation." International Affairs 95, no. 5 (2019): 1055–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiz098.
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Abstract This article details the evolution of maritime security from the perspective of its impact on the historical architecture of sea space. It argues that, as the fundamental unit of governance, zoning provides keen insight into the mechanics of maritime security. The article observes that Britain's Hovering Acts in the late eighteenth century represent the earliest example of modern zonation at sea and that they exhibit a shift from early modern territorial claims based on imperium and dominium. The article explores the way these hovering zones shaped the rationale underlying contemporary maritime security. It finds that maritime security has effectively relegated national security to a minor spatial belt of state power, while elevating non-traditional understandings of security to the level of global existential threat. The future of maritime security is under construction. Increasingly segmented by interconnecting, overlapping, multi-functional zones that seek to regulate all free movement and usage of the sea, security developments are reorganizing the maritime sphere. Nonetheless, the article argues, despite the novelty of this development, a historical military logic persists in new formations of security-oriented practices of maritime governance.
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Weinert, Regina. "Postmodifying verb-second clauses in spoken German." Functions of Language 19, no. 2 (2012): 235–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.19.2.04wei.
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This usage-based and corpus-based study examines the use of verb-second clauses as restrictive postmodifiers of noun phrases in spoken German (ich kenn leute die haben immer pech ‘I know people they are always unlucky’) in relation to verb-final relative clauses. Previous accounts largely work with de-contextualised and constructed data and stop short of accounting for the discourse function of verb-second postmodifying structures. The ratio of verb-final relative clauses to postmodifying verb-second clauses does not indicate a shift towards main clause syntax. Rather, the verb-second clauses form part of a set of existential or presentational and ascriptive copular constructions which serve to highlight properties of entities and/or introduce discourse topics. Relative clauses can be used for such functions, but this is not as common. The syntactic and semantic features associated with postmodifying verb-second clauses can be seen as a direct result of their discourse function, which only a corpus analysis could reveal. The paper also comments on the wider related aspects of verb position, clause combining and pronoun use in spoken German from the perspective of a usage-based language model.