Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Existentialisme dans la littérature'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Existentialisme dans la littérature.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Quémerais, Marie-Pierre. "Existentialisme et absurde dans l'oeuvre de John Fowles." Rennes 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN20023.
Full textIn John Fowles's books appears such a rich and coherent thematic network made up of concepts such as freedom, choice, responsibility, authenticity, that we almost inevitably end up questioning about the absurd existentialist dimension of the whole work. The characters are driven both by their utmost desire for constant transcendence through their own acts and by their will to assert without restraint their convictions. They try to give meaning to their lives through the behaviour they adopt and the ideas they uphold. Yet, during their quest they encounter obstacles of moral and sociocultural nature. So, they become prey to the harsh reality of the absurd. We have chosen to tackle the notions of existentialism and the absurd in John Fowles's work from the psychological, social and philosophical angles because we consider that if the analysis of the characters is to be relevant, it must incorporate key concepts drawn from these three domains. Moreover, we think that a narratological approach consisting of a study of time and space corroborate the principles of existentialism and the absurd deciphered in the course of our examination of the psychological, sociological and philosophical aspects of John Fowles's work
Ekpo, Denis. "La philosophie et le roman africain : une étude des romans existentiels africains d'expression française." Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30002.
Full textThe object of our dissertation has been a study of some african novels in the light of european existential philosophy. Our point of departure was that de six novels in question - l'aventure ambigue, la plaie, chaine, l'ecart, un piege sans fin, and le regard du roi - apprehend human reality in africa from an essentially metaphysical or existen- tial view point. To this effect, they lend themselves to a fruitful philosophical analysis capable of shedding new light on the human or metaphysical problems they explore. Existential philosophy together with its various models of analysis served as the theoretical and methodological frame- work of our study. As the essence of philosophical criticism of literary texts should be the union of literary analysis with philosophical reflexion, our study has been divided into two phases. The first phase is concerned with a phenomenological stu- dy of the forms and structures of the novels aimed at uncovering the existential mouvements and themes of which the said forms and structures are the embodiments. The second phase takes up the themes and mouvements so uncovered in order to submit them to a tho- rough and systematic philosophical analysis. Thus in keeping with an existential approach, in the first instance the adventure of the hero of each novel is viewed and analysed as the dialectics of the individual's freedom as it comes to grips with various si- tuations. In the second instance, other human and historical pro- blems raised by some of these texts are submitted to a sypnotic philosophical scrutiny. Finally, as each of these novels is infor- med by a certain point of view of its author on african human and historical reality, our study ends with a critical evaluation of each author's african thoughts as portrayed in his nove
Majri, Hanane. "Ordre et désordre dans l'oeuvre romanesque de Luigi Pirandello." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30053.
Full textThe research undertaken here is a study of Pirandello’s novels ; a study with the inextricable relationship between order and disorder as a main theme. Imprisoned in their form, Pirandello’s characters attempt to free themselves through an endless existential questioning which makes them aware of their limitations as beings, and their difficulties to communicate. Confronted to the eyes of “others”, they always appear with a mask on, which denies them any stable and clear-cut identity. As a consequence it is not surprising that each character is at once “one, nobody and a hundred thousand”. This explains Pirandello’s relativism and his theory of humour which aims at showing things in depth and in their abyssal complexity. Indeed, in Pirandello’s view, reality is multiple changing depending on the points of view; Moreover, it is often a series of chances which puts it to the test of chaos, which entails doubt, uncertainty and discomfort on the characters. That is why their quest of truth and authenticity will always be infinite, continually renewed between the will to escape and backwards looks to the past, their lives –whatever their forms – will be illusory- a fiction at the most
Gallon, Stéphane. "L’emploi du Temps dans "L’Emploi du temps" de Butor." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN20016/document.
Full textWith a view to rehabilitating hermeneutic stylistics, L’emploi du Temps dans L’Emploi du temps de Butor seeks to show how style not only offers glimpses of past and present world views, but also enhances understanding of the world, even providing ethical pointers to help get over crises and deadlocks. Since they constantly bring us back to the same “faiscsèmes” (“asemeblies” ?) (semes inherent to several stylemes, found at different levels of analysis), the stylemes of the architexts, enunciations, accounts, story and writing of L’emploi du Temps reveal that instead of the traditional linear Time that comes from the Judeo-Christian view, bourgeois thinking and the classical physics/mecanics, Butor proposes, not like some of his contemporaries an absurd, labyrinthine Time, but a stratified Time, a Time reflecting both the experiences of mythical thought and some of the philosophical conceptualisations of Kierkegaard, Bergson, Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre and Bachelard. Going further than these thinkers and doubly opposing Bergson, illustrating certain comments made by Heidegger on art, Butor even comes gradually to install a structured, spatial and musical Time through a complex interplay of stylemes combined into sembeams. This gives rise to a much less stressful and tyrannical use of time than has been imposedsince the industrial revolution, a use of time that helps us move from the unauthentic to the authentic, gives substance and weight to actions, is a source of unification and freedom, makes reality musical and poetic, in a word, brings us closer to a full grasp of world, being and eternity
Li, Hao. "Langage et société dans "Les Mots" de Sartre." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA08A014.
Full textMarashi, Ardian. "Les vérités d'Albert Camus." Rennes 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN20066.
Full textThe very important thing for Camus was the research of verity, so well as the verity became the unifying principale of his both life and work, the center where everything turned around. The verities of Albert Camus reveal, in fact, what is substantive in the life of this autor, what is consistent in his thought and what is relevant in his art. This thread of verities permits just to keep at the center of camusian phenomenon and to redefine his work as well as his personality in the function of this essential criterion. This thesis consists in fifteen chapters, regrouped in five sections : original, metaphysical, hisorical, mythical and artistic verities : the analysis concerns the integral Camus's work : essays, fictions, theatre, in order to give an account as equitable as possible on the manner he uses to think, to write and to play. The subtle management of the polysemy of antic, biblical or original myths and parabolas, like Sisyphus, Prometheus, the Stranger, the Plague, the Fall, results in verities situated within the limits of contradiction : The Plague, for instance, is the example on how a realistic chronicle becomes a masterpiece of fiction and how the myth, encrusted in the everyday routine, reproduces and almost replaces the reality in its very depths and diversities dimensions. Before all, Camus was an artist of the language and our first preoccupation was to elucidate by which methods and especially by which techniques and proceedings of style him becomes the writer of reference that we know
Le, Borgne Catherine. "Écritures des voyages et vision existentialiste dans l'œuvre d'André Suarès." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES1023.
Full textIn 1888, young André Suarès (1868-1948) establishes that he can live solely through Art, his works and the world he creates; only he chooses who he is, only he builds up himself and is responsible for his life. Thus the “suaresian” man will share the concerns of the existentialist philosophers (leaping, commitment, emptiness, fear, otherness, alienation), close in this to Jean-Paul Sartre and to Louis Lavelle among others. Beyond romantism, the existentialist vision which the writer will develop thus implies a critical look at himself (bypassing contingency to strive towards superiority) and at society (rejecting a corrupted world governed by mediocrity, lie and infamy), a spirit of conquest (liberty, action) which lie will make the most of during his whole life and which shows in particular through his travel stories (Brittany, Italy) he published between 1902 (Le Livre de 1‘Emeraude) and 1937 (Temples grecs, maisons des dieux), not to mention his posthumous work Rome. This research endeavors to make the connection between travels and existentialist vision by leaning on literary materials but also on quotations from Suarès’ unpublished notebooks ; the fact of using pen names and claiming a Breton filiation falling fully within the scope of this subject
Steinmetz, Josiane da Trindade Damasceno. "La jubilation dans l'oeuvre d'Alberto Caeiro et Álvaro de Campos." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30042.
Full textThe dissertation aims to show how both of the main heteronymous of Fernando Pessoa : Alberto Caeiro and Álvaro de Campos appropriate the jubilation’s theme throught different profiles. The berger-curator is the author of an idyllic poem with a natural framework and the naval engineer is the creator of a work inspired by emblematic mecanism of modernity. Despite their distinct profiles, Alberto Caeiro and Álvaro de Campos focus on a search of identity in link with a feeling of existential jubilation. Both poets created by Fernando Pessoa have worked on common axes : the Child, the Nature and the Dead for Alberto Caeiro. The Child, the Insanity and the Dead for Álvaro de Campos. These topics have revealed an unknown part of Fernando Pessoa’s work. Indeed, the litterary production is generally studied in a pessimist point of view which give importance to the Fernando Pessoa’s spleen. The study demonstrates how both heteronymous express the feeling of jubilation through a semantic field of happiness, ecstasy, or sublime. And it suggests to explore the figures of berger-curator together with the naval engineer from a new perspective. We will examine notions in link with jubilation like pasmo, espanto, ecstasy, happiness, sublime, pleasure, apotheosis, or dynamogeny. To understand jubilation in Alberto Caeiro and Álvaro de Campos‘s works, we will finally refer to Nietzsche, Freud, Lacan, Durkheim, Sartre’s thoughts from a philosophy and psychology perspective, and to Hugo, Baudelaire, Tolstoï, Proust and others from a poetic perspective
Desjardins, Carl. "Une étude sociologique de la littérature : Charles Bukowski et les contestataires américains, 1955-1974." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28223/28223.pdf.
Full textLambert, Simon. "La chambre : roman ; suivi de l'essai La chambre : entre littérature et philosophie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26937/26937.pdf.
Full textZhao, Jing. "La mélancolie entre philosophie et littérature : lecture de l’oeuvre autobiographique de Simone de Beauvoir." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H022/document.
Full textThis study outlines a dynamic network of melancholic experiences in Simone de Beauvoir, from the perspective of autobiography and philosophy of existence. Transforming into "desire to exist", the useless passion human towards the Being in Jean-Paul Sartre, Beauvoir's thought rests on the problem of morality, of the existence of the concrete and separate individual in the world, as well as the intersubjective relationship. However, Beauvoir aspires continually to the Absolute abstract which inevitably leads to the ontological frustration, which is an inherent structure to melancholy. This establishes an ongoing dialogue in her work and life, we have revealed her autobiographies, between desire for existence and non-desire which is expressed by apathy, fatigue and disgust. This helps us to determine the existence of melancholy at Beauvoir. However, the task is made difficult by its ambition to describe the totality of life and of the world. In addition, times and melancholy feelings are scattered throughout a lifetime, narrated by autobiographer who plays the game of shadow-clear. Although we risk losing what makes the specificity and complexity, melancholy seems unattainable without linking it to its metamorphoses. That's why we make a careful study of these autobiographies to follow the moments and feelings: solitude adolescent boredom, melancholy of love, the impotence of the political subject, mourning of loved ones, until the anxiety of time and aging. The first chapter discusses the philosophical infrastructure of melancholy, which is the tension between the desire to exist, and non-desire. The review of literary representation and the phenomenological ontology of Sartre melancholy, and new contributions of Simone de Beauvoir in the postwar, encourage us to discern a theory of feminine melancholy in The Second Sex. Given the similarity of experiences between her feminist project and autobiographical project, we seek to build an intertextual network between his self-writing and its existential anthropological theory of women, studying necessarily correlated novels. Considering the small number of pages, our choice is rather on his autobiographies, and his theory and novels about women which serve as key references. In the following chapters, we try to explore the experiences of / with Beauvoir, to the extent that they relate to melancholy. The second chapter focuses exclusively on the childhood story, to its autonomy on the later accounts, and focuses on loneliness and adolescent boredom. The third chapter tries to establish a relationship between the passion of love and melancholy. The fourth finds impotence of the subject in the experience of war. The fifth discover the relationship between mother and daughter in the essay of maternal grief, and from this, to look for his latest novel about the diversity of women's melancholy. The last chapter wants to gather the insurmountable moments of the human being around death and anguish of time, to clarify their relation about melancholy in our author
Ciliberto, Giorgio. "L’esistenzialismo orfico : la poetica dell’esistenza nell’oera poetica di Pascoli, Ungaretti, Montale e Pasolini : microcritica e macrocritica delle modalità significanti." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040136.
Full textPhilosophically the 20th century is in many ways an existentialist century where the existence is thought of as transcendence of the world in the expectation. According to existentialism man is at the same time in the world and beyond the world because if the situation transcends us in its factuality we transcend it by our will. Yet for the existentialism of failure nothing – except death – can really free man from the factual situation of the historic world: his sole transcendence can only be in the feeling of the impossibility of transcendence and thus in the consciousness of failure. Poetically we find this situation of failure in the myth of Orpheus where the power of the poetic act is questioned metalogically. Beyond the religious orphism the myth of Orpheus offers us the vision of a chant which is at the same time nostalgic disenchantment and epistemic enchantment and therefore respectively a lamentation for what is no more and admiration for what is. Thus orphic is the nostalgic melancholy which in vain wants to transcend the present in the past but nontheless as a magic word transcends the present in the future. So for the 20th poetic century we can speak of orphic existentialism and list some of its most eminent manifestations. In the Italian poetry the poem L’ultimo viaggio (1904) by Pascoli presents a phrase – non esser più – which carries of its own an existentialist problematic – both in its negative nostalgic way as in its affirmative epistemic way – that we find with equal force in Ungaretti and Montale and Pasolini where, without any doubts, the aspiration to the being lives in the desolation of the no longer being. These four poets are thus faced with the same hermeneutic method which actualizes the microcriticism of a strongly circumstantial phrase – non esser più for Pascoli, equivoco della luna for Ungaretti, eternità d’istante for Montale and grin di cristàl for Pasolini – via the macrocriticism of the poetic corpus of each poet in order to question – all along the 20th century – different modalities of one and the same orphic existentialism
Kawczak, Paul. "Le roman d'aventures littéraire de l'entre-deux-guerres français : le jeu du rêve et de l'action." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA1006/document.
Full textIn the beginning of the 20's, literary France knows a craze for the adventure novel. After whatMichel Raimond called “la crise du roman” this new production of adventure novel offers ananswers to the poetical and philosophical questions of the first XXe century. From 1918 to 1939,from Pierre Mac Orlan's Le Chant de l'équipage to Roger de Lafforest's Figurants de la mort, thisstudy follows the history of the literary adventure novel and analyses a group of novels that allshare this modern adventurous mystic
Buratti, Alessandro. "Conscience, facticité de l'être : altérité et aliénation : une étude sur les œuvres littéraires de Pirandello, Moravia et Sartre." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAL005/document.
Full textMy thesis concerns the links between the literary works of Pirandello, Moravia and Sartre. I analyze the formation of Pirandello in the 19th century and the evolution of his proposal around the role of consciousness, its characteristics and the relation with its own body and the world of objects and others. Madness appears to have a position of privilege in order to reach an authentic existence. Moravia took back Pirandello's theory in his books and he developed an internal life description on contemporary man in connection with his society. Sartre, who read Pirandello and was a Moravia's friend, developed the importance of different consciousness' states (such as boredom, nausea or indifference) that are at the origin of moral projects
Inizan, Yvon. "Philosophie de l'existence et poésie de la présence : Penser l'attestation." Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100125.
Full textBy describing the philosophical context of the philosophies of existence of the post-war period, we will examine the way these thoughts may have interfered in the expression of the poetic project of Yves Bonnefoy and in the gradual emergence of a poetry of presence. The aim is to characterize the main themes of this philosophical matrix and to define what effect they have had upon the poetic work of the author of Du mouvement et de l'immobilité de Douve. Now this emergence is also contemporary with that of Paul Ricoeur's poetic hermeneutics. From this existential set of themes, we wish to shed light upon the opening of this thinking to the mediation of various poetic processes, whether metaphorical or narrative. Paul Ricoeur questions the discursive acts that produce a gap, a distance; he suggests rethinking poetry, including lyric poetry, in this melting pot which sets aside any form of immediacy and of return to the foundations. By providing a welcoming structure liable to offer the poetic act the conditions of its own thinking, Ricoeur's hermeneutics contributes to enhancing the movement of what Yves Bonnefoy calls " the self-awareness of poetry". There is indeed, according to Paul Ricoeur, a delay of ontology, which takes the form of a poetic moment, " regulated creations" through which there appears, under certain conditions, a possible sense of the being. This patience of the text justifies a link with Yves Bonnefoy's poetic perspective and his “redeeming words". We will then look into the possibility of considering there a similar movement of attestation
Gallon, Stéphane. "L'emploi du Temps dans "L'Emploi du temps" de Butor." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00815688.
Full textOlivier, Jacques. "Les thèmes existentialistes dans l'œuvre romanesque de Siegfried Lenz." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100131.
Full textLaositthiwarong, Yanyong. "Bouddhisme et existentialisme : convergences et divergences dans la pensée de Buddhadasa et de Jean-Paul Sartre." Paris, INALCO, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INAL0026.
Full textDuponcheele, Joseph. "La relationnalité de l'être ou le pouvoir de faire être : ses implications dans la théorie de la connaissance, en ontologie, en éthique et en religion : essai de philosophie et de théologie relationnelles : l'évangile né de l'existentialité juive." Nancy 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN21014.
Full textSince man is constitutively oriented to other persons who are distinct from him, he is induced, because he is a finite being, to understand himself as if he were an object in front of himself. In such alienation he thus disregards is own subjective nature. A self-consciousness, that thinks of itself describing itself as though it were something "else", unfortunately leads to apprehension of reality overwhelmed by the "unitarist postulate" (the postulate of objective unity) which links unity to perfection of being and plurality to its imperfection. This postulate is inadequate to the i-you structure, because no with self-consciousness and freedom can exist without another equal being of the same nature, and it has therefore to be replaced by its contradictory, i. E. : there is at least one form of relationship between beings, which is "transcendent a perfection" as each one is a being on its own and distinct from the other. In the course of history, reek thought has imposed an "objective status" on our idea of the real, which could only be ruled by the unitarist postulate, cutting off all questions. Hebrew and Jewish thought, on the contrary, has experienced still experiencing the real, not as an "objectivated whole" that includes and dissolves it, but as a primary relationship which it is a part. It recognizes god in its transcendent unity, but this god is also its creator and its partner in an fulfill history, however Jewish thought does not raise the question of the ontological foundation of such an alliance relationship. But it has built up the concepts of the answer. A twofold stage has yet to be reached. Speculatively, what is the foundation in god himself of the possibility of creation and alliance? Concretely, what is work of god, required by ethics that goes beyond present reality in order for mankind to be liberated from the possible doing evil
Murcia, Thierry. "Jésus dans la littérature talmudique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3076.
Full textThis study presents a survey and a systematic analysis of the passages of Talmudic literature (Mishna – Tosefta – Palestinian Talmud – Babylonian Talmud – Midrashim), relative to Jesus or are supposed to be. The documents are examined, criticized and confronted to other sources of Jewish or Christian origin (Hellenistic Jewish literature, Jewish Apocrypha, rabbinic sources, Targumim, Toledot Yeshu – New Testament, Apostolic Fathers, Church Fathers). The investigation tries to answer to several questions: - What did the rabbis exactly know about Jesus? - Has their information any historical value? - Has their perception undergone some evolution? - Did the rabbis of the Talmud have access to the Gospels as a written source? The conclusion of this thesis is that all these documents are rooted in their Sitz im leben. They obviously attest – contra Peter Schäfer (Jesus in the Talmud, 2007) – that the rabbis had no direct acquaintance with the Gospels as written documents. This study also shows, concerning the Babylonian Talmud, that all the passages relative to Jesus belong to the last editorial layer of this corpus (VIIe-VIIIe century)
Eluther, Ena. "L'africanité dans la littérature caribéenne." Thesis, Le Mans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEMA3001.
Full textCan the africanity of caribbean cultures come down to distant survivals, or constitute the foundation of these cultures ? Literature, as a mirror of peoples, as a painting of cultures, as art, allows to perceive the cultural and literary continuity between the african continent and its caribbean diaspora. The comparison of english-speaking and french-speaking novels from the Caribbean and from West Africa and Central Africa shows common cultural features and literary topoi from one area to the other : colonial trauma, protection and adaptation of ancestral legacy, common spiritual values, linguistic problematics, paintings of resistance struggles in which the writer himself is in the frontline. This comparative study, which sometimes draws from caribbean and african oral literature, as from caribbean spanish-speaking literature, suggests that one should view the afro-caribbean cultural expressions as an extension of african cultural expressions, offering in this way a large panorama of the cultural and literary black world. From 1921 to the early years 2000, this analysis takes into account the changes of african and caribbean literatures and the societies they represent. Have the changes definitively broken the african civilizational unity, the cultural links between Africa and the Americas ? On the contrary, the reading of the novels of the corpus shows an homogeneous and coherent picture of cultural and literary expressions of Africa and its caribbean diaspora, so doing putting Africa back into the center of caribbean culture
Malinge, Yoann. "La réalisation de la corrélation : l'action dans la philosophie de Sartre." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H202.
Full textSartre develops a philosophy of action based on an original ontology, which this thesis conceptualizes as a "realistic correlation". The two regions of being, the human being (or the for-itself) and the world, are relative. It is from their relationship that we can study human existence as committed and the reality of the determinations of the world. The dynamics of the action realize this correlation. The relativity of the agent's being to the world allows us to understand why he or she acts. Indeed, the finality of the actions, like a call from the future, is clarified thanks to the correlation. However, the agent's freedom is disturbed and even alienated. To get the measure of it, Sartre analyzes the relationship with others in terms of the correlation of the agent and his social situation. He shows how material and social requirements fit into the practical dynamics. The existential project adds up the agent's real life, as a singular universal in its time and in the midst of others. Thus we can try to go beyond the alternative of freedom and determinism. Finally, an ontology of action can be developed to shed light on the practical dynamics of human existence
Harb, Sabbag Souad. "Esthétique et politique dans le théâtre de Sartre." Lyon 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO31007.
Full textOur study's object has been the role of art and politics in the man's liberation and his relationship with others : to achieve this target, we hawe compared sartre's positions xith nietzsche and hegel's ones art errabiles man as authentic realization of his freedem, but, it meets its limits in the impossibility foor the artist to hawe equal and reciprocol relationships with others out side his work of art kean, a play written by alexandre dumas father, and adapted by sartre, reveals these limits as well as the appropriation of the theatre and of the artists by the midadle -clons. Politics proves to be onather way to man's liberation : it errables him to affirm its freedom by the revolt against situations of oppression. Talking of this, sartre sets up a distinction between the political leader and the other members of the group : theoreticolly, he's condemming the first role but, in effect, which is showed in the plays, he's defending it. Trough the plays we hawe studied, we have tried to understand the relationship between the leader and the members of the group : bariona, les mouches, l'engrenage, et les mains sales show the solidarity of sartre for oppressed people. But every one facesits own situation : the oppressed one must affirm his freedom by revolting himself and nobady cando it for him; in the opposite, if the gives in he refuses the human being which exists inside himself and he is accomplice of his oppression. . . The leader is the one who expressed this revolt when wanting to modify oppressing social conditions, but he must assume his solitude and play his role. Every one is responsible of his situation: if there is a leader, the reason is that others hawe resigned their active role inside the group. So, sartre is defending the leader in so for as he affirms his freedam, and his- critis concern more people who stay passive and sulmissive
Bourgault, Jean. "L'invention de la méthode dans la philosophie de Jean-Paul Sartre." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE2020.
Full textCally, Jean William. "LA BÊTE DANS LA LITTÉRATURE FANTASTIQUE." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00457638.
Full textDiop, Alioune. "L'imaginaire animalier dans la littérature arabe." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040180.
Full textDubreuil, Philippe. "Les injures dans la littérature latine." Perpignan, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PERP1069.
Full textThe subject of this thesis is the research of the contribution of the antique latin abusive literary practise to the social complexity and to the imaginative world. The thesis develops, in three distinct parts, a statistical, linguistic, literary and sociological study of the abusive terms in all the literary genres (125 texts and 50 authors) from IIIrd century BC to the fell of Rome in 475. It includes : - Abuses and Latin language (Volume I). Through a corpus of 1370 words and 2344 quotations, the author studies the different types of abusive words, their origins, constructions, senses and how they are employed in the latin sentences. - Abuses and latin literature (Volumes II and III). The author lists the uses (frequency and density) of abusive terms in theatre, in speeches, in poetry and in prose (philosophical or political studies, novels, correspondence. . . ). He studies the role and the functions of abuses in the texts and the connection they have with poetry, rhetoric and eloquence. - Abuses and antique roman Society (Volume IV) where is analyzed the social field of abuses according to the social groups, the Men/Women relations and the different forms of the practice of abusing naming. A special chapter is devoted to the antique roman imaginative world of abuses. The conclusion is about the civilizing role of abuses as welle in the antique Rome as in our collective unconscious. The corpus of words and quotations is detailed in a lexicon Latin-French and an index French-Latin (tome V). The lexicon is also available in. Pdf format as a CD-Rom
Benachir, Hynde. "Le "haiku" dans la littérature hispanique." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30036/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is set at a crossroads between linguistics and literature since it is about the haiku in Hispanic literature, which we aim to characterize as a poetic form in the Spanish-speaking literary context and as a "prototype" of the brief from the perspective of its discursive and enunciative terms. Traditionally associated with Japanese culture, in which it takes root, the haiku is one of the shortest poetic forms in the world. With its seventeen syllables in all, it compels to the greatest thoroughness in the choice of words, a concise expression and a "condensation" of the meaning that make it a succint poem, often to be pondered after reading. Neither verse nor rhyme are part of the metrical constraints of the Japanese haiku. Its aesthetics, influenced by Zen Buddhism, aims to be contemplative, supported by the subjectivity of the poetic voice, which appears as a "witness of the world", only transposing facts that are sometimes "unimportant", often trivial, yet nonetheless a part of any person's daily life. In Western poetry, the haiku has no equivalent, owing as much to its brevity as to its "puristic" aesthetics. However, it should be noted that it is strongly represented in contemporary Hispanic literature. Neither the Orientalism from the beginning of the XXth century nor the poetic re-assessments started by the Modernists and carried on by the Avant-Garde movements are enough to explain this enthusiasm of the Spanish-speaking poets for this Japanese poem. Indeed, Hispanic literature took hold of this literary phenomenon as soon as the first translations of Japanese anthologies were published, in the 1910s. There is, however, no linguistic connection between the haiku and Spanish-speaking poets. Nevertheless, the first collections of haikus also date back to the 1910s, which indicates that there was no latency between the appearance of the haiku and its adaptation into Spanish. Starting from these observations, we attempted, through a multi-focal approach notably based on literal analysis, to retrace this poetic form's literary and linguistic path, from the Japanese rice paper rolls to the so-called "Hispanic" haiku
Vincent, Manon. "Les animaux dans la littérature hellénistique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040225.
Full textOur study focuses on animals in Hellenistic literature. We deliberately chose to work on a large text corpus in order to highlight the multiple representations of the animal appearing in the texts of the period. The first part of this study is devoted to animal imagery through which the authors describe the characters and human qualities, exposing, to a lesser extent, the analogue relationship between animals. The second part aims to show existing relationships, symbolic or real, between man and animal. The staging of the animals in the story reflects thepractices and ways of thinking of the Hellenistic society towards the animal. The last part of this study presents the attempts to objectify the behaviours and qualities of the animal. In that sense, it shows the rise of philosophical schools and sciences of the period by the philosophical and didactic approach to animal nature. In texts, Hellenistic thought reveals the continual tension between belief and knowledge, between cultural representations and "scientific data" of the animal. If the authors conceive man as belonging to the animal biological continuum, they stand out by the assertion of their superiority in an intellective perspective
Quilhot-Gesseaume, Brigitte. "Les représentations de la littérature étrangère dans l'enseignement de littérature des lycées." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10072.
Full textLevassort, Laurent. "La femme dans la littérature fantastique contemporaine." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100166.
Full textLouviot, Myriam. "Poétique de l'hybridité dans les littératures postcoloniales." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/LOUVIOT_Myriam_2010.pdf.
Full textSince the 80s, the postcolonial literatures have been raising increasing interest. Through a corpus of francophone and anglophone novels (from Chamoiseau, Condé, Kourouma, Waberi, Naipaul, Okri, Roy and Rushdie), this study intend to give a clear definition of the notion of hybridity, which is often associated to these literatures. Then, it analyses the way this hybridity is expressed in the novels and tries to show in which way it inscribes itself in an identity strategy. Postcolonial novels, with their diverse and sometimes contradictory heritage, are born on shaky ground, especially as their intended audience is often complex and as they often depend on recognition from Europe. They are peripheral literatures, whose place and legitimacy are not guaranteed. As such, they need to specify their context of enunciation all the more carefully and to develop a very specific scenography. It appears that these literatures rely on an ethos of loss, which is certainly felt as a suffering, but also as liberating. The hybrid also questions the notion of belonging. Embodiment of many identity aporias, it forces to think anew the traditional references. Finally, hybrid discourse, pervaded by perpetual negociation, sets itself up to be a new discourse, the reflection of the today’s changing world. Rather than to represent the identity crisis exclusively as the unhappy condition of the postcolonial individual, the postcolonial literatures turn it into a privileged position from which to elaborate new ways to be in the world
Moussa, Souleiman Obsieh. "L'oralité dans la littérature de la Corne de l'Afrique : traditions orales, formes et mythologies de la littérature pastorale, marques de l'oralité dans la littérature." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00796155.
Full textObsieh, Moussa Souleiman. "L'oralité dans la littérature de la Corne de l'Afrique : traditions orales, formes et mythologies de la littérature pastorale, marques de l'oralité dans la littérature." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOL016/document.
Full textThe Horn of Africa has a traditional oral literature which is rich and varied as the rest of the continent, starting from pastoral mythology to poetry, legend and storytelling. But with the social upheaval which occurred with the arrival of European settlers and the introduction of writing, the chain of transmission of the oral tradition is threatened. Many Europeans have sought to describe the habits and customs of these people. Whereas on the other hand, the writers from the Horn of Africa are often inspired by giving it (orality) and a new way of doing it. The following research work strives to reflect traditional forms of orality and their impact on modern literature
Lévesque, Geneviève. "Une écriture à l'oeuvre dans Malicroix d'Henri Bosco." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27043/27043.pdf.
Full textThis thesis schematizes, in Malicroix by Henri Bosco, the process that presides to the writing of the novel itself. Using a poietic approach, we consider the text as a writer’s poetic that takes a fictional form. A phenomenological perspective allows us to study the novel from the point of view of perception, and mythocritique enables us to reflect on the perception of the world – especially the world of the text – through the angle of the sacred and its symbols. Reconstructing the horizontal and vertical structures of the novel, we reflect on diverse aspects of the text and of the scriptural process. The reading horizon constitutes the first chapter of our thesis and offers a triple view on the novel: the story and the characters, the spatiotemporal context and the mythical point of view. In the second chapter are elaborated two central notions, the figures and the chronotopes. Two groups of figures emerge, one associated with the writer as creator of the text and the other, with the process of expression. The figures play distinct roles in the conception and expression and are represented in Malicroix by way of the characters. The chronotopes study divides the novel in eleven times-spaces that constitute the basis of the figures’ progression through the text. The third chapter details how the figures cross the chronotopes’ series, drawing the scriptural route inscribed in eleven successive situations in the text. The last chapter contains two parts. The first examines the writer’s poetic that Bosco published under the title « L’exaltation et l’amplitude ». The second, which constitutes the final objective of our study, integrates the elements of this writer’s poetic in the eleven successive situations, producing a description of the stages of the scriptural process followed by Bosco while writing Malicroix.
Dodeman, Claire. "Engagement et existence dans la philosophie de Merleau-Ponty." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN1010.
Full textM. Merleau-Ponty’s thought lies at the crossroads of Phenomenology, Marxism and Existentialism. Thenceforward this has led him to develop a philosophy of action against the very image of a pure spectator of the world, the philosopher “above the fray”. That is what this work intends to further understand through a confrontation between the operative concept of commitment and the thematic concept of existence so as to show how the demand of commitment changes the classical metaphysics’ concept of existence. The double nature of commitment (being committed to and taking part in) implies a concrete freedom against the abstraction of a world-less subject’s indefinite freedom from modern philosophy. Such interpretive approach with respect to the philosophical approach itself should make it possible to question the relevance of philosophical speech as regards human coexistence and the originality of Merleau-Ponty’s political texts in view of philosophical tradition
Closson, Marianne. "L'imaginaire démoniaque dans la littérature française (1550-1650) : genèse de la littérature fantastique." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100157.
Full textLéontaridou, Théodora. "Le mythe troyen dans la littérature française." Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030013.
Full textFrom the 16th Century until the 20th, le troyan myth emerges in a variety of forms in French literature with famous or less known works but of equal significance as they convey the climate and the spirit of an era. The reason why all of these writers go into mythology could be partly explained by the imitation of ancients applied to the French letters of the 16th and 17th centuries. How this material is transformed, what the writers are expressing through the legends and the myths, which is the relationship of the transformed materiel with the initial, are some of the questions that this research is requested to explore. During the period of the Absolutism in which the freedom of expression is limited, the myth is proved to be a secure means which offers the security of the distance, the suitable frame and the flexibility of the mythological material which are processed by the creators. It becomes the vehicle of doubt and criticism of various grades against authority. The end of this political period removes from the myth this function. But it doesn’t stop its use in literature and the theater. This is because the myth is capable of putting again questions for the vital causes which deal with the human race, such as the woman, the war, the xenophobia
Ameziane, Amar. "Tradition et renouvellement dans la littérature kabyle." Paris, INALCO, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INAL0028.
Full textJames-Raoul, Danièle. "La parole empêchée dans la littérature arthurienne." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040148.
Full textThe arthurian romances are elaborated out of a kind of game on communication being broken or failing which the here will be commissioned to restore, clarify or impose. The ancient fund of celtic mythology together which tradition and variety of psychological and social codes combine to weig in turn upon the heroes' longues, thus makinf the hindered speech - in manifgold facets - onr of the central motifs of arthurian literature. It is all the more evident as the impeded world always sets its seal to the human destiny from sheere silence to a sibylin ot veiled discourse or else a temporarily impossibl utlerance: it is afantastic stepping-stone to the attainment of knowledge, to the happy development of personality, and to the revival of genuine and promising speech a recall of the divine model. Repress the flow of speech and it tells better: actually this is what all those romances paradoxically teach and this lesson is to foundin their advancingnarrative as well as in their rhetoric. Indeed, the writers themselves constantly seem to restain their discourse, to stopi to hold it in; but is pnlu have it guessed, or even supplied by the reader following an infernal process of addition. The paradox which appears between the huge amount of writing in the arthurian literature and the way words are refrained stands merely as a semblance: when performed in the fiction of romances the speech keeps being hindered and therefore the stream of the words used in the arthurien book runs endlessly
Couchaux, Brigitte. "Le mythe de Lilith dans la littérature." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040133.
Full textRenaud, Jean. "Les archipels écossais dans la littérature norroise." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040012.
Full textStepping stones of the viking expansion towards west, the scottish isles (shetland, orknney, hebrides) occupy a good place in old norse literature (sagas, scaldic poems). Among the numerous sources, there are especially orkneyinga saga (for orkney) and hakonar saga (for the hebrides). Besides, some poems were composed in the isles. The history of the scottish isles is presented as seen through the norse texts, often compared to scottish and irish sources, and like wise the different elements of civilisation (society, institutions). The scottish isles were at a cross-roads of the scandinavian world, but they also were a meeting-point of two cultures : nordic and celtic
Labrunye, Hélène. "La lecture fictive dans la littérature fantastique." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUEL312.
Full textBarrovecchio, Anne-Sophie. "Histoire de Bélisaire dans la littérature française." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040049.
Full textThe Byzantine general Belisarius is simultaneously a great conqueror and a blind beggar, a historical personage and a figure of legend. He appears repeatedly in literature and the arts across Europe from the sixth century to the present. His importance has been noted before, but up till now he has never been the object of a broad and far-reaching synthesis. The present study, which is based on a vast bibliographical investigation of major and minor sources, retraces more than fifteen hundred years of history of the theme, emphasising in particular its legacy in French literature. It is important to show just how universal this forgotten figure once was, and this study maps out definitively the history of a hero who became a myth during his very long peregrinations. Its point of departure, still famous today, is the treatment of Belisarius during the Enlightenment
Gourmaud-Gonzáles, Aline. "Migrations et métissages dans la littérature caribéenne." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR2013/document.
Full textThis research work deals with Caribbean literature and more precisely with the issue of narration. A literary corpus will be used to study migrations and amalgamations within societies living in Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic. Caribbean writers have always been very concerned with History, and their attempts to describe their own society have been a constant phenomenon since the early 20th century. Thanks to this thesis, we will try to see whether all the contributions brought along via migratory movements toward, inward and outward Caribbean have been acknowledged by the culture of the host countries. The study is divided in three parts: the first will present the concepts and the historical background alluded to in the novels and short stories, the second will consist in a textual analysis, the third will focus on some authors' points of view. Marta Rojas, Luis López Nieves and Marcio Veloz Maggiolo have been asked five questions about Caribbean literature, their own oeuvre and their sources of inspiration. Thanks to their answers, we will try to figure whether nowadays Caribbean literature should be considered as one or many
Danou, Gérard. "Le corps souffrant : littérature et médecine." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA070132.
Full textScientific medicine sees only mechanical bodies, it doesn't see the inner desires. Bodies live everyday trhough a number of obscure phenomenon : emotions, tiredness, pain. Literature, as born from the desires of the writing subject, on the entwined borders of world and language, gives us a subtle approach on life's experiments, through the analogical link reading is. Let us read jean reverzy's fatigue, marguerite duras' douleur, j. M. G. Le clezio's feverish emotions, or thomas mann. Literature's alchemy tells us about the pains of mind; what does it say about physical illnesses (cancer, aids)? with herve guibert and other writers, technical medicine comes into literature. Along with aids, irrationality, causality, fear of strangers are back, as in the time of plague and lepers. But what of the physician's pain, his disgust over the scarred body ? what can be his reaction to disgust ? to the other person's death, a forecast of his own ? the works of several doctor-writers explore the mysteries of patient-doctor relationship and restore that part of the physician's self which had been held back, day after day, by his medical practice. Doctor-writers stand on a tight line between caring for the others and caring for one self; bertween curing the ill and secretly fighting for his own salvation
Maravelia, Amanda-Alice. "Les astres dans les textes religieux en Egypte antique et dans les "hymnes orphiques" helléniques." Limoges, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIMO2005.
Full textMiskovsky, Isabelle. "La relation au lecteur dans le roman contemporain pour la jeunesse." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100102.
Full textThe novel for young people has evolved since the 80ies toward a rich and complex relationship between the authors and their readers, perceptible in literary works. The ambivalent functions which have defined for long the specific novel style for young people, i. E. To untertain and to educate, are questioned nowadays. The writers are anxious to get away from a too simplistic reading agreement and to commit themselves to a wider social and artistic search concerning a larger audience. Starting from the two main objectives which however persist unsaid ( and which corresponde to the srong expectations of those who publish and prescribe). The thesis studies how the authors modify the rules of this style for young through subtle compromises and determined transgressions in order to make their own voice heard. .
Mihalovici, Florina-Liliana. "Le mythe de l'ogre dans la prose francophone contemporaine." Limoges, 2013. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/76db441e-32c6-4755-a9d3-19b424e209be/blobholder:0/2013LIMO2013.pdf.
Full textBased on the features of mythological, historical and tradition ogres, this thesis questions the rehabilitation and timeliness of the myth of the ogre in a corpus of texts from the most varied French territories. The thesis is structured into five thematic chapters. The first chapter focuses on the birth of the ogre as myth and iconic character of culture and oral tradition in different territories. The second chapter discusses the regimes and tyrants which reign in the ogre: if "ogre" is the name for any tyrannical leader and dictator, he is represented in the texts by a variety of names and faces. In continuation of this research, the third chapter deals with the myth of the ogre from a social and familial perspective. The new avatars of the ogre in the contemporary are the fathers: destructive fathers, suffocating/degrading ones, and practitioners of a metaphorical cannibalism. Excessiveness lies in the violence with which they govern their families. In a Freudian perspective, the fourth chapter focuses on the relationship (sexual) impossible between parents and their offspring generated by symbolic castration, incest and sexual debauchery. The final chapter builds on the declination of the female ogre, ogress in the proposed body. Stunning character, which taking the most seductive forms, is inside only a monster ready to satisfy all her desires of any kind. The revival of the myth of the ogre in contemporary French prose is all too visible
Kim, Sun-Yi. "Illusion et réalité dans le théâtre de Molière." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030162.
Full text