Academic literature on the topic 'Existing bridge structure'
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Journal articles on the topic "Existing bridge structure"
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Koteš, Peter, Miroslav Brodňan, and František Bahleda. "Diagnostics of Corrosion on a Real Bridge Structure." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2125604.
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Real bridge structures are affected by environmental conditions. The environmental loads in time cause the degradation of concrete and reinforcement. The diagnostics of real state of existing bridges are very important due to actual degradation and corrosion. In the frame of research activities of Department of Structures and Bridges, Civil Engineering Faculty, University of Žilina, the real bridge structure was observed for a few years. It is girder reinforced concrete bridge near town of Žilina in Slovakia. The results of diagnostics which focused on reinforcement corrosion are presented. The paper deals with reinforcement corrosion and its influence on the moment resistance of the existing concrete structures.
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An, Xin Zheng, Cheng Yi, and Rui Xue Du. "Performance Deterioration Behavior of Existing Reinforced Concrete Bridges." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 1367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.1367.
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The analyses of concrete from a bridge in Handan district shows that most bridges concrete should have cracked. The study of the technical measures against the performance deterioration of existing reinforced concrete bridges will undoubtedly become an imperative issue. In recent years, lots of bridges have been built in Handan. We choose a reinforced concrete bridge to investigate the effect of the effective member stiffness degradation and durability degradation induced by vehicle overload, vehicle overflow, rebar corrosion, and concrete deterioration on highway reinforced concrete bridges. And Static loading test was conducted at its middle span. Based on the test data in different circumstances, the seriousness of vehicle overload is discussed. In consequence, the performance of highway reinforced concrete bridges on stiffness degradation and durability degradation is more serious compared with the bridge under the condition of non-overloading. The results show that the process of rebar corrosion in highway reinforced concrete bridges is sped up under the condition of vehicle overload and vehicle overflow on the highway reinforced concrete bridges, which decreases the durability of the bridge structure, and the speed of the durability degradation increases as time goes on. The paper conclusion is instructive for the construction and maintenance of bridge.
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Oleszek, R., and W. Radomski. "Dynamic Analysis of an Existing Arch Railway Bridge According to Eurocodes." Archives of Civil Engineering 62, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 99–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ace-2015-0100.
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AbstractModern regulations concerning railway bridges are based on the approach of structural dynamics, which is described in PN-EN standards. This paper presents the results of theoretical dynamic analysis of the HSLM-A train set loading on the structure of a pre-stressed concrete arch bridge - the first railway bridge of its type which was built in Poland (completed in 1959). The recommendations of PN-EN have been followed and modal analysis was carried out to define the sensitivity of the structure to chosen eigenforms. Additionally the paper presents a course of calculations and the conclusions obtained from the analysis of displacements, accelerations, and bending moments induced in the structure through a simulated passage of a high-speed train in the context of the requirements of PN-EN Standards. The conclusions from the current calculations can be used for dynamic analysis of bridges of similar structural solutions.
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Radnić, Jure, Domagoj Matešan, and Ivan Banović. "Bridges with multiple structural systems: The example of Trilj Bridge reconstruction in Croatia." Bridge Structures 17, no. 1-2 (June 11, 2021): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/brs-210185.
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Development of multiple structural systems for bridges is useful in the design of new bridges and rehabilitation of existing bridges. This paper briefly presents some existing bridges with multiple structural systems and succinctly discusses design ideas for bridges with such systems. As an example of a bridge with multiple structural systems, the paper presents the reconstruction of a pedestrian suspension bridge in the City of Trilj, Croatia. The new bridge’s load-bearing structure is composed of several structural systems. Namely, the reconstructed bridge is a combination of suspension, cable-stayed and stress-ribbon bridge, which is laterally restrained with horizontal tensioned ropes. Numerical analysis was conducted on the renovated bridge. The results have shown an acceptable levels of stresses and deflections verifying the structural safety of the restored bridge. It is believed that this example of the bridge renovation may be useful in the design of new and strengthening of existing similar bridges.
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Istiono, Heri, and Jaka Propika. "Analisa Non-Linier Pada Mekanisme Keruntuhan Jembatan Rangka Baja Tipe Pratt." Borneo Engineering : Jurnal Teknik Sipil 1, no. 2 (December 25, 2017): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35334/be.v1i2.604.
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Steel truss bridge collapse often occurs, both in Indonesia and in other countries. As a result of the collapse of the bridge is in addition to the casualties also losses from the financial aspects. This collapse caused due to various factors, one of them because of a decrease in the strength of the bridge structure. To minimize required maintenance of the bridge's collapse and to facilitate the maintenance of one of them must be known failure mechanisms existing bridges. In the analysis of this collapse, will be modeled steel truss bridge pratt’s type with long spans is 60 meters. Analysis of the collapse of the steel truss bridge's, utilizing a pushover analysis to analyze the behavior of the bridge structure. Pushover analysis done with give vertical static load pattern at the structure, next gradually increase by a factor until one vertical displacement target of the reference point is reached. The study shows that at model singe span failure occurred on the chord on mid span. The performance level of structure shows all models of bridges in the state are IO, this case based on the target displacement FEMA 356 and the actual ductility occurs in all models of bridges is compliant with SNI 2833-2008.
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Chen, Biao, and Sheng Li. "The Application of FBG-Based Overweight Vehicle Recognition for Existing Bridge." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 1935–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.1935.
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In order to know the operation condition of bridges when they’re under the action of overweight vehicles, it’s necessary to collect the testing information of bridges under the overloaded condition. Based on the high-speed demodulation instrument, the optical fiber grating (FBG) sensor system can realize the continuous collection for the dynamic strain of structure. According to the analysis of the collected data, auto-sorting and recognition for overweight vehicles can be realized. The introductive system has been applied to the health monitoring system of no.2 Wuhan Bridge over Yangtze River (N2WB). The result showed that not only it’s able to recognize whether or not there was an overweight vehicle passing the bridge, but also it could auto-sort the grade of overweight vehicles, which was an effective overweight vehicle monitoring tool for the existing large span bridges.
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Firoj, Mohd, Sauhardra Ojha, Prince Poddar, and Sanjeew Kumar Singh. "Seismic hazard assessment of existing reinforced concrete bridge structure using pushover analysis." Journal of Structural Engineering & Applied Mechanics 3, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31462/jseam.2020.04229243.
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The present paper focuses on the nonlinear static pushover analysis of a 3-span existing RC bridge located in Indian seismic Zone IV as per IS1893-2016 using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The 3D model of the RC bridge is simulated using the FEM technique and pushover analysis is performed to analyze the structure for modal mass participating ratio, performance level, spectral demand, and capacity of the structure. The bridge pier and longitudinal girder are modeled using the two noded beam element and bent cap and abutment of the bridge structure is modeled using the 8 noded brick element. The base of the column is assumed fixed condition. The pushover analysis is performed using Displacement Modification (FEMA 440) and Capacity Spectrum Method (ATC 40). The outcomes of results appear that the considered bridge has inadequate capacity to cope up with any of the desired performance levels because spectral demand is greater than the spectral capacity. The modal analysis of the 3D bridge exposes that it has many closely-spaced modes. The mass participating ratio for the higher modes is not very high. After performing pushover analysis of the exiting RC bridge structure it has been concluded that the existing bridge structure does not meet seismic criteria of spectral demand as per the ATC 40 and FEMA 440, therefore retrofitting is required for bridge component i.e. piers, abutment, and bent cap.
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Mehta, Darshan J., and S. M. Yadav. "Analysis of scour depth in the case of parallel bridges using HEC-RAS." Water Supply 20, no. 8 (October 15, 2020): 3419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.255.
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Abstract Scour is now one of the main problems for river as well as for coastline engineering. Bridges are the vital structures which must be designed to prevent failure against the effects of scour. Scour holes can occur without warning and cause the failure of a bridge. The main significant issues in hydraulic and river engineering are to determine the connection between parameters affecting the maximum and minimum depth of scour. The scour depth in the alluvial stream below a river bed differs based on the flows, pier shape, pier size and sediment characteristics. Dual bridges of basically the same structure are placed parallel to and only a small distance away from an existing bridge, either on the upstream or downstream side. Naturally, the backwater generated by dual bridges is bigger than that of a single bridge but lower than the value resulting from separate consideration of the two bridges. In the present work, an hydraulic model is used to simulate the stability of a bridge in the study area, namely ‘Sardar Bridge’ on the Tapi river. Scour profiles for various flood events have been assessed for a particular bridge. The velocity of flow is used to estimate depths of scour at different piers and abutments. Estimating depth of the scour during the design can significantly decrease the overall cost of bridge foundation construction. Results from the present study show that construction of a new bridge should be proposed on the upstream side rather than downside side of the existing bridge. By doing so, hydraulic stability of the existing bridge is ensured.
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Gladkov, Gennady, Konstantin Morgunov, and Yuri Ivanovsky. "Model studies of flow parameters in the area of bridge supports." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 05014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124405014.
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The results of laboratory modeling of the influence of the bridge crossing supports erected during the construction of the highway near the existing railway bridge on the flow characteristics in the channel of the Neva River are presented. Modeling was carried out for two options for the location of the new bridge supports relative to the existing bridge structures. The limits of changes in the characteristics of the river flow are taken into account - the maximum, minimum and residual flows and benchmarks of the water level in the channel. Studies have shown that the construction of the designed bridge supports in the channel does not cause significant changes in the flow structure. There is a redistribution of the flow rate in the sections of the existing and designed bridges. The average velocities in the navigable span of the existing bridge are somewhat reduced when new supports are built. The velocity diagram is aligned along the width of the central and side spans, and a vortex wake is more clearly formed in the area behind the supports.
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Koteš, Peter, Josef Vican, and Martina Ivašková. "Influence of Reinforcement Corrosion on Reliability and Remaining Lifetime of RC Bridges." Materials Science Forum 844 (March 2016): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.844.89.
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The evaluation of existing bridge structures is the most important process in the global Bridge Management System (BMS) because of providing the basic information about existing bridges required from the viewpoint of decision making process related to the optimal bridge maintenance and rehabilitation strategy. The theoretical approach using conditional probability and the positive effect of the inspection was developed. The new information concerning the actual structure condition is used in this mathematical model. This information is not available in the process of the new structure design [1]. The work is focused on structures subjected to bending [2]. The reinforced concrete beam elements with or without degradation were investigated. The corrosion of reinforcement bars was used as material degradation. The biggest effect of the inspection was obtained for members, which do not degrade. Hereby, the negative effect of degradation on reliability index is also demonstrated.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Existing bridge structure"
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Imhof, Daniel. "Risk assessment of existing bridge structures." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272082.
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Svoboda, Adam. "Rekonstrukce mostu u obce Holýšov." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240121.
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The thesis deals with design of strengthening of existing bridge structure near the village Holýšov using modern method of additional presstresing. The bridge over the river of Radbuza is h-shaped beam bridge, which was built in 1924. In the present state its load capacity is under the limits for bridges situated on first-class roads. Original documentation of the bridge does not exist, the main source of information about construction details is the diagnostics research. The method of reinforcement by post-tensioning by cables in substituted cable ducts is highly efective in terms of the incerease the load capacity of existing bridge structure. The design of strengthening and the final load capacity was verified by static calculation.
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Bagge, Niklas. "Structural assessment procedures for existing concrete bridges : Experiences from failure tests of the Kiruna Bridge." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Byggkonstruktion och brand, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-63000.
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Assessing existing bridges is an important task in the sustainable management ofinfrastructure. In practice, structural bridge assessments are usually conducted usingtraditional and standardised methods, despite knowledge that these methods oftenprovide conservative estimates. In addition, more advanced methods are available, suchas nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis, that are used for research purposes and cansimulate the structural behaviour of bridges more accurately. Therefore, it would beuseful to develop practical and reliable procedures for refined assessments using theseadvanced techniques.Focusing on the ultimate load-carrying capacity of existing concrete bridges, this thesispresents a procedure for structural assessments. The fundamental idea is to improve theassessment successively, as necessary to predict bridges’ structural behaviour adequately.The procedure involves a multi-level assessment strategy with four levels of structuralanalysis, and an integrated framework for safety verification. At the initial level (Level 1)of the multi-level strategy, traditional standardised methods are used, no failures arecovered implicitly in the structural analysis and action effects are verified using localresistances calculated using analytical models. In the subsequent enhanced levels (Levels2 – 4), nonlinear FE analysis is used for stepwise integration of the verification of flexural,shear-related and anchorage failures into the structural analysis. The framework for safetyverifications includes partial safety factor (PSF), global resistance safety factor (GRSF) andfull probabilistic methods. Within each of these groups, verifications of desired safetymargins can be conducted with varying degrees of complexity.To demonstrate and evaluate the proposed structural assessment procedure, comparativestudies have been carried out, based on full-scale tests of a prestressed concrete bridge.This was the Kiruna Bridge, located in the northernmost city in Sweden, which was duefor demolition as part of a city transformation project, necessitated by large grounddeformations caused by the large nearby mine. Thus, it was available for destructiveexperimental investigation within the doctoral project presented in this thesis. The bridgehad five continuous spans, was 121.5 m long and consisted of three parallel girders with a connecting slab at the top. Both the girders and slab were tested to failure to investigatetheir structural behaviour and load-carrying capacity. Non-destructive and destructivetests were also applied to determine the residual prestress forces in the bridge girders andinvestigate the in situ applicability of methods developed for this purpose. The so-calledsaw-cut method and decompression-load method were used after refinement to enabletheir application to structures of such complexity. The variation of the experimentallydetermined residual prestress forces was remarkably high, depending on the sectioninvestigated. There were also high degrees of uncertainty in estimated values, and thusare only regarded as indications of the residual prestress force.Level 1 analysis of the multi-level assessment strategy consistently underestimatedcapacity, relative to the test results, and did not provide accurate predictions of the shearrelatedfailure observed in the test. With linear FE analysis and local resistance modelsdefined by the European standard, Eurocode 2, the load-carrying capacity wasunderestimated by 32 % for the bridge girder and 55 % for the bridge deck slab. At theenhanced level of structural analysis (Level 3), nonlinear FE analyses predicted thecapacities with less than 2 % deviation from the test results and correctly predicted thefailure mode. However, for existing bridges there are many uncertainties, for instance,the FE simulations were sensitive to the level of residual prestressing, boundaryconditions and assumed material parameters. To accurately take these aspects intoaccount, bridge-specific information is crucial.The complete structural assessment procedure, combining the multi-level strategy andsafety verification framework, was evaluated in a case study. Experiences from theprevious comparative studies were used in an assessment of the Kiruna Bridge followingthe Swedish assessment code. The initial assessment at Level 1 of the multi-level strategyand safety verification, using the PSF method, indicated that the shear capacity of one ofthe girders was critical. The most adverse load case (a combination of permanent loads,prestressing and variable traffic loads) was further investigated through enhancedstructural analyses implicitly accounting for flexural and shear-related failures (Level 3).Nonlinear FE analysis and safety evaluation using the PSF method, several variants of theGRSF method and the full probabilistic analysis for resistance indicated that the permittedaxle load for the critical classification vehicle could be 5.6 – 6.5 times higher than thelimit obtained from the initial assessment at Level 1. However, the study also indicatedthat the model uncertainty was not fully considered in these values. The modeluncertainty was shown to have strong effects on the safety verification and (thus)permissible axle loads. The case study also highlighted the need for a strategy forsuccessively improving structural analysis to improve understanding of bridges’ structuralbehaviour. The refined analysis indicated a complex failure mode, with yielding of thestirrups in the bridge girders and transverse flexural reinforcement in the bridge deck slab,but with a final shear failure of the slab. It would be impossible to capture suchcomplexity in a traditional standardised assessment, which (as mentioned) indicated thatthe shear capacity of the girder limited permissible axle loads. However, nonlinear FEanalyses are computationally demanding, and numerous modelling choices are required.Besides a strategy for rationally improving the analysis and helping analysts to focus oncritical aspects, detailed guidelines for nonlinear FE analysis should be applied to reduce the analyst-dependent variability of results and (thus) the model uncertainty. Clearly, toensure the validity of bridge assessment methods under in situ conditions, theirevaluations should include in situ tests. This thesis presents outcomes of such tests, therebyhighlighting important aspects for future improvements in the assessment of existingbridges.
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Wang, Naiyu. "Reliability-based condition assessment of existing highway bridges." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34835.
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Condition assessment and safety verification of existing bridges and decisions as to whether bridge posting is required are addressed through analysis, load testing, or a combination of methods. Bridge rating through structural analysis is by far the most common procedure for rating existing bridges. The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Manual for Bridge Evaluation (MBE), First Edition permits bridge capacity ratings to be determined through allowable stress rating (ASR), load factor rating (LFR) or load and resistance factor rating (LRFR); the latter method is keyed to the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, which is reliability-based and has been required for the design of new bridges built with federal findings since October, 2007. A survey of current bridge rating practices in the United States has revealed that these three methods may lead to different ratings and posting limits for the same bridge, a situation that carries serious implications with regard to the safety of the public and the economic well-being of communities that may be affected by bridge postings or closures.
To address this issue, a research program has been conducted with the overall objective of providing recommendations for improving the process by which the condition of existing bridge structures is assessed. This research required a coordinated program of load testing and finite element analysis of selected bridges in the State of Georgia to gain perspectives on the behavior of older bridges under various load conditions. Structural system reliability assessments of these bridges were conducted and bridge fragilities were developed for purposes of comparison with component reliability benchmarks for new bridges. A reliability-based bridge rating framework was developed, along with a series of recommended improvements to the current bridge rating methods, which facilitate the incorporation of various in situ conditions of existing bridges into the bridge rating process at both component and system levels. This framework permits bridge ratings to be conducted at three levels of increasing complexity to achieve the performance objectives, expressed in the terms of reliability, that are embedded in the LRFR option of the AASHTO Manual of Bridge Evaluation. This research was sponsored by the Georgia Department of Transportation, and has led to a set of Recommended Guidelines for Condition Assessment and Evaluation of Existing Bridges in Georgia.
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Weston, Daniel Frederick. "Existing and future plans for the structural health monitoring of the Indian River Inlet Bridge." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 248 p, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1163250401&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Bailey, Simon F. Bailey Simon Frederick. "Basic principles and load models for the structural safety evaluation of existing road bridges /." Lausanne : EPFL, 1996. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=1467.
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Šarounová, Pavla. "Průzkum a hodnocení historického kamenného mostu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227018.
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This thesis is focused on the evaluation of existing stone structures, particularly stone bridges. It contents a summary of the most frequently used structure types and materials of historic bridges as well as it presents some contemporary technologies. Thesis also presents methods of the construction stone testing, both laboratory and in situ. The process of the assessment of existing structures from ČSN ISO 13822 is being applied on the evaluation of stone structures, taking into account their specifics. These specifics results from the natural origin of the building material. The experimental part describes the survey and assessment of an existing stone bridge in Dobromilice, including a proposal for an adequate way of reconstruction.
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Ahmadiyan, Sara, and Daniel Mehari. "Estimation of the characteristic in-situ compressive strength class of concrete structures - A case study of the Skuru bridge." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-296706.
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It is inevitable that Structures become older and their intended use changes or the structuralcodes regulations change. In some regions the damage from seismic activities is a possibility.It becomes, therefore crucial to assess the structural capacity of such structures. The purposeof this study is to assess the different methods used for testing and estimating thecharacteristic in-situ compressive strength which is the most vital parameter required instructural assessment. The focus of the study is for existing structures where there is no prior knowledge about theconcrete strength. This study first investigates and evaluates the merits and demerits of thesemethods for investigation of the condition of in-situ compressive strength of concrete inexisting structures. A case study of the Skuru bridge that was built in 1914 was utilized forthis study. The study is based on information of the construction data and some results fromprior investigation performed by the company COWI. Afterwards, non-destructive tests werecarried out with the UPV and Rebound hammer to assess the quality of the concrete. In addition, the study assesses the use of different interpretation methods with regards toreliability and practical application. The results were interpreted in accordance to theEuropean codes, Swedish codes and other interpretation methods. The difference of theresults from the different interpretation methods are compared and evaluated for reliabilityand efficiency. The test results confirmed that the concrete consisted of the same strength class. However,the results from the different interpretation methods are dissimilar. The reason for obtainingdifferent results is because the methods depend on different methodologies. The studyshowed that some methods can sometimes overestimate the results and become unsafe forstructural assessment. On the contrary, the other methods can yield lower but safer estimates. Moreover, the use of small number of cores is evaluated for various methods. The reasons arebecause in practice, the preference is to avoid large number of cores. As a result, it isrecommended to apply care and proper judgment in selection of the methods andinterpretation of the results. It is also recommended to consider the methods with respect tothe aim of the investigation, their limitations and assumptions.Samtida befintliga konstruktioner blir äldre och de dimensionerade lasterna ökar med tiden.Ifatt med detta ändras även kraven för större laster. Därför bör regelbundna inspektioner ochförbättringar genomföras. I vissa områden kan det även förekomma seismiska rörelser som isin tur förorsakar skador på strukturer. Av bland annat dessa anledningar är det därför viktigtatt bedöma bärförmågan för befintliga konstruktioner. Syftet med arbetet är att granska demetoder och tillvägagångssätt som finns för att kunna bedöma den karaktäristiskatryckhållfastheten för betong i befintliga konstruktioner. Tryckhållfastheten är den styrandeparametern för materialet under tillståndsbedömningar. Huvudfokuset med arbetet är att bedöma den karaktäristiska tryckhållfastheten för befintligakonstruktioner som saknar information om nuvarande tryckhållfasthet. Till en början utfördesen noggrann litteraturstudie för alla applicerbara metoder. Därefter gjordes en undersökningoch bedömning av för- och nackdelar med vardera metod. Syftet med dessa metoder är attkunna mäta den nuvarande tryckhållfastheten för befintliga konstruktioner. Efter en ingående litteraturstudie, valdes de icke-destruktiva metoderna Ultrasonic pulsevelocity och Schmidt Hammer. Dessa metoder applicerades senare på Skuru bron i syfte attutföra icke-destruktiva tester för att bedöma betongens kvalitet. Tidigarekonstruktionshandlingar samt provtagningsrapporter från Skurubron som byggdes år 1914,har legat till grund för detta arbete. Företaget COWI är ansvariga för Skurubron projektet ochhar tillhandahållit all information om bron. Vidare, redovisar detta arbete olika beräkningssätt för samtliga metoder utifrån olikastandarder och tolkningsmetoder. För varje tolkningsmetod har evalueringar och analyserutförts med avseende på tillförlitlighet och praktisk tillämpning. De redovisadeberäkningssätten har använts för att räkna fram resultat från destruktiva och icke-destruktivatester. Resultaten tolkades i enlighet med europeiska koder, svenska koder och andratolkningsmetoder. Skillnaden mellan resultaten från samtliga tolkningsmetoder jämförs ochutvärderas med hänsyn till tillförlitlighet och effektivitet. Testresultaten från UPV och Schmidt Hammer bekräftade att betongen består av sammatryckhållfasthetsklass. Resultaten från de olika tolkningsmetoderna var dock olika.Anledningen till att det blev olika resultat beror på att varje tolkningsmetod utgörs av sinaegna metodiska procedurer. Resultaten visade även att vissa standarder kan övervärderaresultaten vilket kan resultera i fel bedömning av den karaktäristiska tryckhållfastheten. Åandra sidan, resulterade vissa tolkningsmetoder i lägre men säkrare uppskattning avtryckhållfastheten. Utöver detta, utfördes det beräkningar på de destruktiva testerna utifrån olikatolkningsmetoder. Beräkningarna baserades dels på att räkna på ett mindre antal kärnor.Skälet till detta är att man i praktiken vill undvika att borra ett stort antal kärnor. Resultatenvisade att korrekt bedömning och försiktighet vid val av metod och tolkningsmetod behöverimplementeras. Det rekommenderas även att överväga metoderna med hänsyn tillutredningens ändamål, dess begränsningar och antaganden.
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Du, Plessis Dewald. "APPOLO - Towards integrated urban education in Pretoria : a multi-functional vertical primary school." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29976.
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The Apollo Project investigates the recent establishment of numerous private educational institutions in the inner city of Pretoria. It identifies the need for adequate urban educational facilities and explores the use of existing buildings as schools. An existing educational cluster is identified at the eastern edge of the inner city, defined by Church, Du Toit and Pretorius Streets, and Nelson Mandela Drive. This city block and the ones surrounding it contain numerous primary, secondary and tertiary educational institutions in a predominant industrial/automotive precinct. An urban design framework is proposed for the precinct. It is envisioned that the precinct may be developed as a mixed-use urban educational campus. Within the existing city block and the urban framework proposal, the Apollo Centre, located on the corner of Church-and Du Toit Street, is selected for an adaptive re-use intervention. The proposed use is an urban primary school. The Apollo project investigates current pedagogical trends, which informed a concept that is largely defined by the idea of contextual learning within a vertical structure. Transparency and integration of education with the urban environment is at the core of the proposal. The traditional notion of horizontal education is explored in a vertical manner. The existing structure is analyzed and a position taken regarding the adaptive re-use process that informs the design. Precedent Studies include existing schools within the inner city of Pretoria as well as local and international schools. The process of converting the Apollo Centre into a primary educational facility, that shares its resources on a cross-programming basis, is explored in a series of proposals. The numerous explorations are considered in their various aspects, as well as their relationship to the whole, which then leads to a final design proposal. Key areas of the proposed Apollo Primary School will finally be resolved technically. A conclusion summarizes the author’s thoughts on the result of the project.Mini Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Architecture
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Jedlička, Lukáš. "Diagnostika vybrané mostní konstrukce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409954.
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This thesis deals with building survey of bridge register number 43-011 located near Česká. The part of thesis is literary reaserch dealing with system of management and cotrol of road bridges, precast bridge contructions made with DS-C type girgers and about general diagnostical methods. The practical section contains of in situ diagnostical survey and bridge inspection, laboratory evaluation and comparision, load bearing capacity calculation and suggestion of potencional technical precautions.
Books on the topic "Existing bridge structure"
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Wang, Naiyu. Condition assessment of existing bridge structures: Report of task [number]. Georgia: Georgia Institute of Technology School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2009.
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Keller, Thomas. Use of fibre reinforced polymers in bridge construction. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed007.
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<p>The aim of the present Structural Engineering Document, a state-of-the-art report, is to review the progress made worldwide in the use of fibre reinforced polymers as structural components in bridges until the end of the year 2000.<p> Due to their advantageous material properties such as high specific strength, a large tolerance for frost and de-icing salts and, furthermore, short installation times with minimum traffic interference, fibre reinforced polymers have matured to become valuable alternative building materials for bridge structures. Today, fibre reinforced polymers are manufactured industrially to semi-finished products and ccimplete structural components, which can be easily and quickly installed or erected on site.<p> Examples of semi-finished products and structural components available are flexible tension elements, profiles stiff in bending and sandwich panels. As tension elements, especially for the purpose of strengthening, strips and sheets are available, as weil as reinforcing bars for concrete reinforcement and prestressing members for internal prestressing or external use. Profiles are available for beams and columns, and sandwich constructions especially for bridge decks. During the manufacture of the structural components fibre-optic sensors for continuous monitoring can be integrated in the materials. Adhesives are being used more and more for joining components.<p> Fibre reinforced polymers have been used in bridge construction since the mid-1980s, mostly for the strengthening of existing structures, and increasingly since the mid-1990s as pilot projects for new structures. In the case of new structures, three basic types of applications can be distinguished: concrete reinforcement, new hybrid structures in combination with traditional construction materials, and all-composite applications, in which the new materials are used exclusively.<p> This Structural Engineering Document also includes application and research recommendations with particular reference to Switzerland.<p> This book is aimed at both students and practising engineers, working in the field of fibre reinforced polymers, bridge design, construction, repair and strengthening.
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Lampropoulos, Andreas, ed. Case Studies on Conservation and Seismic Strengthening/Retrofitting of Existing Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/cs002.
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<p>Recent earthquakes have demonstrated that despite the continuous developments of novel materials and new strengthening techniques, the majority of the existing structures are still unprotected and at high seismic risk. The repair and strengthening framework is a complex process and there are often barriers in the preventative upgrade of the existing structures related to the cost of the applications and the limited expertise of the engineers. The engineers need to consider various options thoroughly and the selection of the appropriate strategy is a crucial parameter for the success of these applications.</p><p>The main aim of this collection is to present a number of different approaches applied to a wide range of structures with different characteristics and demands acting as a practical guide for the main repair and strengthening approaches used worldwide. This document contains a collection of nine case studies from six different countries with different seismicity (i.e. Austria, Greece, Italy, Mexico, Nepal and New Zealand). Various types of structures have been selected with different structural peculiarities such as buildings used for different purposes (i.e. school buildings, town hall, 30 storey office tower), a bridge, and a wharf. Most of the examined structures are Reinforced Concrete structures while there is also an application on a Masonry building. For each of the examined studies, the local conditions are described followed by the main deficiencies which are addressed. The methods used for the assessment of the in-situ conditions also presented and alternative strategies for the repair and strengthening are considered.</p>
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Anderson, John E., Christian Bucher, Bruno Briseghella, Xin Ruan, and Tobia Zordan, eds. Sustainable Structural Engineering. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed014.
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<p>Sustainability is the defining challenge for engineers in the twenty-first century. In addition to safe, economic, and effi-cient structures, a new criterion, sustainable, must be met. Furthermore, this new design paradigm–addressing social, economic, and environmental aspects–requires prompt action. In particular, mitigation of climate change requires sustainable solutions for new as well as existing structures. Taking from both practice and research, this book provides engineers with applicable, timely, and innovative information on the state-of-the-art in sustainable structural design. <p>This Structural Engineering Document addresses safety and regulations, integration concepts, and a sustainable approach to structural design. Life-cycle assessment is presented as a critical tool to quantify design options, and the importance of existing structures–in particular cultural heritage structures–is critically reviewed. Consideration is also given to bridge design and maintenance, structural reassessment, and disaster risk reduction. Finally, the importance of environmentally friendly concrete is examined. Consequently, structural engineers are shown to have the technical proficiency, as well as ethical imperative, to lead in designing a sustainable future.
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Zai yi qiao liang jie gou pi lao jian ce yu ping gu: Fatigue analyses and evaluation of existing bridges with monitoring data. Beijing: Ke xue chu ban she, 2012.
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Larsen, Ole Damgaard. Ship collision with bridges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed004.
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<p>Any struoture in navigable waters constitutes a hazard to shipping and is itself vulnerable to damage or destruction in the event of vessel collision. Worldwide vessel traffic and the average size of vessels continue to lncrease. At the same time, ever more bridges crossing navigable waterways are being planned and constructed, sometimes with inadequate navigation clearance and/or lnadequate protection.<p> The objective of this publication is to provide information and guidelinesfor engineers charged with the planning and design of new bridges, navlgation channels, and prevention and protection measures. Lt offers advice on upgrading and retrofrtting existing bridges and navigation channels. And lt provides the means to evaluate the safety of bridges, vessels, persons and the environment. <p>After reviewing some basics o! navigatlon and vessel traffic, and considering risk acceptance and collision risk, the publication examines vessel impact forces on bridges and proposes appropriate bridge design criteria. Prevention measures, such as regulations and management systems. And protectlon measures and systems are also described. Major international research projects have provided the analytical basis for the publication, including the development of vessel collision guide specific-atrons for the Federal Highway Administration in the USA and the vessel colllsion design crrteria developed for the Great Bell Crossing in Oenmark. <p>Prepared by Ole Damgaard LARSEN, Chairman of the IABSE Working Group "Ship Collision with Bridges'', lhis 132 page publlcation is a must for any engineer dealing with structures in navigable waters.
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Günther, Hans-Peter, ed. Use and Application of High-Performance Steels for Steel Structures. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/sed008.
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<p>New steel production processes have led to a remarkable improvement in steel products within the last few years, and now allows steels to be produced according to the desired mechanical and chemical properties. High-Performance Steel (HPS) is the designation given to this new generation of steels that offer higher performance not only in terms of strength but also toughness, weldability, cold formability and corrosion resistance, compared to the traditionally used mild steel grades.</p> <p>The development of HPS goes with today's increased demand for slender lightweight structures, as for example in bridge design and the design of high-rise buildings, where there is a strong requirement to use high-strength materials in combination with good execution and fabrication properties. However, on the structural engineering side there is a need for knowledge on these new steel grades, and quite often design codes do not provide sufficient information to fully exploit the advantageous properties of HPS.</p> <p>The present volume provides an overview of the development and application of HPS on an international level. This is done by giving information on, for example, the production process, the chemical and mechanical properties, the relevant design and fabrication standards and on recent research results. Approximately fifteen included examples of realised applications aim to provide detailed information based on existing technical solutions, and to point out the major benefits when using HPS in comparison to mild steels.</p> <p>The document is thus not a monograph but an assembly of contributions from different countries. lt is separated into chapters related to different countries, namely the USA, Canada, Japan and Europe, all of them providing a state-of-the-art report on HPS.</p>
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M, Kulicki J., and National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board., eds. Guidelines for evaluating corrosion effects in existing steel bridges. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 1990.
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béton, Fédération internationale du, ed. Monitoring and safety evaluation of existing concrete structures: State-of-art report. Lausanne, Switzerland: International Federation for Structural Concrete, 2003.
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Klein, Julie Thompson. Typologies of Interdisciplinarity. Edited by Robert Frodeman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198733522.013.3.
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The dominant structure of knowledge in the twentieth century was division into domains of disciplinary specialization. In the latter half of the century this system was challenged by an increasing number of interdisciplinary activities. This chapter examines typologies of interdisciplinary activities, identifying patterns of consensus and fault lines of debate from the first major classification scheme in 1970 and continues to recent taxonomies that recognize new developments. The chapter compares similarities and differences in a framework of multidisciplinary juxtaposition and alignment of disciplines, interdisciplinary integration and collaboration, and transdisciplinary synthesis and trans-sector problem solving. It further distinguishes major variants of methodological versus theoretical interdisciplinarity, bridge building versus restructuring, and instrumental versus critical interdisciplinarity. Typologies are neither neutral nor static. They reflect choices of representation in a semantic web of differing purposes, contexts, organizational structures, and epistemological frameworks. They reassert, extend, interrogate, and reformulate existing classifications to address both ongoing and unmet needs.
Book chapters on the topic "Existing bridge structure"
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Costa, Cristina, António Arêde, and Aníbal Costa. "Strengthening of Masonry Bridges." In Strengthening and Retrofitting of Existing Structures, 217–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5858-5_10.
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Delgado, Pedro, and Andreas Kappos. "Strengthening of RC Bridges." In Strengthening and Retrofitting of Existing Structures, 199–215. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5858-5_9.
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Jara, José M., Manuel Jara, Bertha A. Olmos, and Jamie E. Padgett. "Strengthening and Retrofitting of Steel Bridges." In Strengthening and Retrofitting of Existing Structures, 249–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5858-5_11.
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Maguire, J. R. "Assessing the Dynamic Properties of Existing Bridge Structures by Hammer Testing." In Bridge Management, 595–605. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-7232-3_52.
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Jara, Jose M., Bertha A. Olmos, and Guillermo Martínez. "Strengthening and Retrofitting of Motín de Oro II Bridge in Mexico." In Case Studies on Conservation and Seismic Strengthening/Retrofitting of Existing Structures, 193–209. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/cs002.193.
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This chapter presents the studies conducted to retrofit an existing bridge in a seismic prone area of Mexico. The Motín de Oro II Bridge was built in the 1970s with a continuous box girder superstructure and wall-type substructure. From the 1970s to nowadays, the design truck loads in Mexico have been substantially incremented and many bridges built in that period have required to be evaluated and, in some cases, rehabilitated and retrofitted. Firstly, the study presents the results of visual inspections of all parts of the bridge and a description of the preliminary studies conducted to determine the material properties, to evaluate the river flow characteristics and to calculate the scour depth. Secondly, the chapter discusses the initial structural analyses of the bridge subjected to the original gravitational and seismic loads and to the current loads before the intervention. These analyses allow to select the structural elements that require to be retrofitted and the best strategy to follow. Finally, the study presents results of the numerical retrofitted model and the experimental assessment of the dynamic properties based on ambient vibration measurements. Additionally, the scour protection and the general construction procedure are also described.
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Davi, Denis. "Preliminary Evaluation of the Seismic Vulnerability of Existing Bridges." In Seismic Vulnerability of Structures, 287–338. Hoboken, NJ USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118603925.ch7.
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Rolwes, L. "Widening an existing multi-cell box structure with shallow depth steel girders." In Asset Management of Bridges, 259–67. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203704486-28.
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Zanini, Mariano Angelo, Lorenzo Hofer, Flora Faleschini, and Carlo Pellegrino. "Seismic Reliability Analysis: Application to an Existing Single-Span Open-Spandrel RC Arch Bridge." In Structural Integrity, 298–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29227-0_30.
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Iacobini, Franco, Marco Tisalvi, Andrea Vecchi, Francesco Iodice, and Alberto Mauro. "Analysis Methods and Seismic Strengthening of Existing Masonry Arch Bridges of the Conventional Railway Network." In Structural Integrity, 340–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29227-0_35.
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Adewuyi, A., S. Franklin, and Z. Wu. "Structural assessment of an existing concrete bridge based on distributed strain measurement data." In Insights and Innovations in Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, 1919–23. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315641645-317.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Existing bridge structure"
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Pu, Jun-Ping, Yao-Min Fang, Hung-Ren Chen, and Jian-Fa Huang. "Detection and Identification of Bridges Considering Soil Effect." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2944.
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Unexpected collapses and near collapse of bridges during the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake underline the need for effective structural monitoring. Periodic structural condition monitoring of bridge structures is necessary to ensure that they provide a continued and safe service. A systematic study of typical bridges is needed, focusing on identifying elastic analytical models that will incorporate the existing state of bridge. To establish dynamic monitoring as a routine bridge inspection method, the soil-structure model of these two bridges are established and compared theoretically and experimentally.
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Apostolidi, Eftychia, Martina Šomodíková, and Alfred Strauss. "Statistical survey of existing reinforced and pre-stressed bridge types for the AT-CZ region within the "ATCZ190 SAFEBRIDGE" Project." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0504.
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<p>Advanced modeling of structures using combination of non‐linear finite element methods (NLFEM) and reliability analysis is a strong tool for realistic assessment of structures. NLFEM simulation has been recently a well‐established approach to the analysis of concrete structures since the response of the structure can be simulated quite realistically. In combination with fully probabilistic approaches, one can consider the randomness of input parameters such as material, technological and environmental characteristics that can have a direct impact on economic aspects during structural lifetime. However, guidelines fully describing NLFEM modeling of structures and safety formats are not available until now. In the framework of the European Project INTERREG AUSTRIA‐CZECH REPUBLIC "ATCZ190 SAFEBRIDGE", a number of existing bridges are carefully selected to be studied and modeled with NLFEM on deterministic and stochastic levels based on the upcoming Austrian standard ON B4008‐2. The assessment of structures will be described and documented in detail and the results will assist the development of a guideline. This guideline targets to help the engineering community perform accurate NLFEM analysis and to assist the structure's owners to check the accuracy of the assessment process. The current paper focuses on the presentation and discussion of statistical information about road and railway bridges provided by the main bridge operators in both countries. Moreover, the most commonly addressed structural characteristics of bridges within the program region are summarized and the further future steps of the project are briefly described.</p>
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TanG, Yu, and Dun-wen Liu. "Quality Evaluation for Existing Structure of Highway Bridge after Years of Shutdown." In 2017 2nd International Conference on Materials Science, Machinery and Energy Engineering (MSMEE 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/msmee-17.2017.214.
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Johansson, Niklas. "A Simplified Dynamic Analysis of Existing Pedestrian Bridges, a Possibility to get new Experience for Designing." In Footbridge 2022 (Madrid): Creating Experience. Madrid, Spain: Asociación Española de Ingeniería Estructural, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24904/footbridge2022.217.
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<p>Technology gives us new instruments that can help us in our daily work. There is a rapid development of different kinds of sensors used in buildings, bridges, towers and other structures. These sensors can help us gather much information from our existing structures, which gives us the possibility to use a large amount of data obtained from real structures to evaluate our theoretical models used in the design and refine them.</p><p>In the topic of pedestrian bridges, it is interesting to evaluate their dynamic properties since they are sensible to the dynamic vertical and horizontal loads from people. The fundamental data for the dynamic behaviour of a pedestrian bridge are the eigenfrequencies, which can be obtained easily using an accelerometer. Today there is almost always one available since the mobile phones are equipped with them. With an application, it is easy to obtain the fundamental vibration frequency for a bridge and it is also possible to analyse the higher vibration modes in a frequency spectrum. Furthermore, it is easy to obtain a measurement of acceleration in the time domain from walking or running. Also the damping has a very important effect on the vibration level, and it can also be evaluated with measurements.</p><p>This tool can be used for evaluating a similar structure as the one to be designed and it could provide us with valuable insight in the dynamic behaviour of the structure. This paper presents some examples, where the theoretical results from models are compared with measurements of the finished bridges. The results from measurements are validated with a simple, well known structure.</p>
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Hong, Namhee K., Hyun-Moo Koh, and Sung-Gul Hong. "Exploration of Cable-Supported Pedestrian Bridges." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2007.
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<p>The variety of transparency, lightness, and shape of cable-supported bridges is being actively utilized in the design of pedestrian bridges. Moreover, the pedestrian bridge, which is demanded to play a key role as a harmonious structure with surrounding landscape, is being reborn as a landmark sculpture. Considering that understanding design trends is very important step to establish design guide lines for future design, existing cable-supported pedestrian bridges developed until recently have been investigated considering structural material, structural system, and architectural styles. The visual inspiration of the pedestrian bridge is felt in the sense of the structure and the structural form is determined to satisfy the geometric design requirements while considering the efficiency and stability of the cable structure. Therefore, it is needed to identify the main variables affecting the cable-support structures and understand the true beauty of bridges by comparing and analyzing various bridge cases based on major variables. This paper will focus mainly on the following issues:</p><p>(1) the classification of types of cable-supported pedestrian bridges; (2) the identification of the important factors affecting structural forms and (3) an integrated framework for future pedestrian bridges considering form, function, and behavior. Note that the relationship between structural form and visual form is explained using graphical approach. It is expected that this study will help to explore future pedestrian bridges considering bridge aesthetics.</p>
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Mendez-Galindo, Carlos, Gianni Moor, and Borja Baillés. "Optimizing the multi-hazard resilience of bridge and building structures." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2629.
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<p>As the expectations of populations all around the world continue to increase in relation to the resilience of their bridges and buildings to hazards such as seismic events, the need for appropriate solutions – which can be applied both to new structures and to existing ones – grows accordingly. A wide range of solutions is available, such as shock absorbers and shock transmission units which can be used to dampen or optimally transmit forces that would otherwise damage a structure, and seismic isolators which can protect buildings and bridges from destructive ground motions. Expansion joints can be equipped with features that protect a bridge, at its key movement nodes, from damage due to larger-than-expected movements, and structural health monitoring (SHM) can be used to enable hazards to be identified and to provide immediate notification of any event that might make a structure unsafe. Various such methods of enhancing resilience of structures to seismic and other hazards are described.</p>
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Nault, Gregory, and Eric Samson. "UHPC: a Durable Concrete Overlay Solution for Bridge Decks." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1613.
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<p>The key to designing and constructing longer-lasting bridges is through the use of more durable materials. Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is an emerging technology used in bridge infrastructure projects across North America, Europe, and Asia. UHPC is an engineered cementitious fiber-reinforced composite with exceptional strength and durability due to its densely packed matrix, discontinuous pore structure, and micro- crack control. These characteristics significantly delay typical concrete deterioration mechanisms in UHPC. For this reason, bridge specifiers are more frequently including UHPC into their designs. One application of particular interest is the use of UHPC as a thin-bonded, structurally-composite overlay at the surface of the bridge deck. This topping layer provides a riding surface that is both abrasion resistant and virtually impermeable and will protect the conventional materials and elements underneath. Additionally, this layer can be used as a strengthening technique to increase the live load carrying capacity of the existing structure. This solution is being deployed on both new and existing bridges as a rehabilitation strategy and to provide long-term protection to the deck.</p>
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Sanchez, Marcos Sanchez, Robert Ryan, and Simon Roberts. "Mary Elmes Bridge. An urban pedestrian bridge, from concept to opening." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0276.
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<p>Mary Elmes bridge is a new 66m single span pedestrian and cyclist bridge opened in Cork in July 2019. In September 2016, Cork City Council launched a design competition for a single span low level bridge as part of its key objective to encourage greater sustainable travel in the form of walking and cycling within the city Centre. The overriding challenge was to deliver a considered design - sympathetic to the existing fabric of the city and easy to install within the confined urban environment.</p><p>The solution was a visually appealing design; a slender, 66-metre steel shallow arch, establishing a connective dialogue with its surrounds and compliant with challenging flooding and visual requirements. The structural system is a fully integral, single span with variable depth, central steel box girder and variable width cantilevered walkways. The concept adopts a clever strategy to integrate at grade landings with existing footpath levels while making the structure compatible with future city flood defenses.</p>
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Gebauer, Daniel, Steffen Marx, and Gregor Schacht. "Testing Existing Structures – Compressive Strength and Tensile Split- ting Strength of the Lahntal Bridge Limburg." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.1619.
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<p>In 2016, the Lahntal Bridge near Limburg was replaced by a new structure. The existing bridge was deconstructed on a formwork carriage. Before the deconstruction, more than 250 concrete cores and other specimens were taken from the existing structure. The samples are located all over the cross section and the length of the bridge. These specimens are examined for their material prop- erties.</p><p>The investigations include the experimental determination of the compressive strength, the tensile splitting strength, the creep behaviour, the chloride ingress, fatigue tests and the anchoring behav- iour of the tendons. This paper deals with the compressive strength and the tensile splitting strength.</p><p>The results of these tests are statistically evaluated by determining the mean value, the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation. In addition, it is examined whether there are any correla- tions between various material properties. The results are also compared to the normative expec- tations of Eurocode 2.</p>
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Kaneda, Takao, Masahiro Nishitani, Kazuo Endo, and Hiroki Murakami. "Seismic retrofit of a truss bridge in Seto-Ohashi bridges." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0125.
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<p>This paper reports that isolation rubber bearings were newly installed instead of existing steel bearings as seismic retrofit in a truss portion of the Hitsuishijima viaduct in the Seto-Ohashi Bridges, which is unprecedented method for highway-railway combined bridges in Japan. For the truss bridge, seismic performance evaluation was conducted and it was found that some members were damaged. In order to minimize retrofit work over the railway tracks, the isolation of truss girder was selected. For the truss girder isolation, the constraining effect of the long rail and the running safety of the train were studied. In the retrofit work, in order to minimize the impact on the expressway, railway tracks, and utility facilities, the structural change of the isolation rubber bearings and the displacement of truss girder caused by jacking up had to be studied. The support structure was adopted with a knock-off mechanism, and the effects of jacking up were confirmed by FEM analysis.</p>
Reports on the topic "Existing bridge structure"
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Morphett, Jane, Alexandra Whittaker, Amy Reichelt, and Mark Hutchinson. Perineuronal net structure as a non-cellular mechanism of affective state, a scoping review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.8.0075.
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Is the perineuronal net structure within emotional processing brain regions associated with changes in affective state? The objective of this scoping review is to bring together the literature on human and animal studies which have measured perineuronal net structure in brain regions associated with emotional processing (such as but not limited to amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex). Perineuronal nets are a specialised form of condensed extracellular matrix that enwrap and protect neurons (Suttkus et al., 2016), regulate synaptic plasticity (Celio and Blumcke, 1994) and ion homeostasis (Morawski et al., 2015). Perineuronal nets are dynamic structures that are influenced by external and internal environmental shifts – for example, increasing in intensity and number in response to stressors (Blanco and Conant, 2021) and pharmacological agents (Riga et al., 2017). This review’s objective is to generate a compilation of existing knowledge regarding the structural changes of perineuronal nets in experimental studies that manipulate affective state, including those that alter environmental stressors. The outcomes will inform future research directions by elucidating non-cellular central nervous system mechanisms that underpin positive and negative emotional states. These methods may also be targets for manipulation to manage conditions of depression or promote wellbeing. Population: human and animal Condition: affective state as determined through validated behavioural assessment methods or established biomarkers. This includes both positive and negative affective states. Context: PNN structure, measuringPNNs.