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Journal articles on the topic 'ExM'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Freifeld, Limor, Iris Odstrcil, Dominique Förster, et al. "Expansion microscopy of zebrafish for neuroscience and developmental biology studies." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 50 (2017): E10799—E10808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1706281114.

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Expansion microscopy (ExM) allows scalable imaging of preserved 3D biological specimens with nanoscale resolution on fast diffraction-limited microscopes. Here, we explore the utility of ExM in the larval and embryonic zebrafish, an important model organism for the study of neuroscience and development. Regarding neuroscience, we found that ExM enabled the tracing of fine processes of radial glia, which are not resolvable with diffraction-limited microscopy. ExM further resolved putative synaptic connections, as well as molecular differences between densely packed synapses. Finally, ExM could

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Farkas, Karin, and Elisabetta Ferretti. "Derivation of Human Extraembryonic Mesoderm-like Cells from Primitive Endoderm." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 14 (2023): 11366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411366.

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In vitro modeling of human peri-gastrulation development is a valuable tool for understanding embryogenetic mechanisms. The extraembryonic mesoderm (ExM) is crucial in supporting embryonic development by forming tissues such as the yolk sac, allantois, and chorionic villi. However, the origin of human ExM remains only partially understood. While evidence suggests a primitive endoderm (PrE) origin based on morphological findings, current in vitro models use epiblast-like cells. To address this gap, we developed a protocol to generate ExM-like cells from PrE-like cell line called naïve extraembr

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Satoh, Masayuki, Jun-ichi Ogawa, Tomoko Tokita, et al. "The Effects of a 5-Year Physical Exercise Intervention with Music in Community- Dwelling Normal Elderly People: The Mihama-Kiho Follow-Up Project." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 78, no. 4 (2020): 1493–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-200480.

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Background: We previously reported the enhanced effects of physical exercise when combined with music (ExM) on cognitive function in community-dwelling normal elderly people compared to exercise alone. Following that study, participants voluntarily continued the ExM classes for 5 years. Objective: To identify the effects of a 5-year ExM intervention on cognitive function in normal elderly people. Methods: Fifty-four subjects continued the ExM classes once a week for 5 years (ExM group). Thirty-three subjects retired from the ExM class during the 5 years (Retired group). Twenty-one subjects nev

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Tillberg, Paul W., and Fei Chen. "Expansion Microscopy: Scalable and Convenient Super-Resolution Microscopy." Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 35, no. 1 (2019): 683–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125320.

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Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a physical form of magnification that increases the effective resolving power of any microscope. Here, we describe the fundamental principles of ExM, as well as how recently developed ExM variants build upon and apply those principles. We examine applications of ExM in cell and developmental biology for the study of nanoscale structures as well as ExM's potential for scalable mapping of nanoscale structures across large sample volumes. Finally, we explore how the unique anchoring and hydrogel embedding properties enable postexpansion molecular interrogation in a p

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Jiang, Nan, Hyeon-Jin Kim, Tyler J. Chozinski, et al. "Superresolution imaging of Drosophila tissues using expansion microscopy." Molecular Biology of the Cell 29, no. 12 (2018): 1413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e17-10-0583.

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The limited resolving power of conventional diffraction-limited microscopy hinders analysis of small, densely packed structural elements in cells. Expansion microscopy (ExM) provides an elegant solution to this problem, allowing for increased resolution with standard microscopes via physical expansion of the specimen in a swellable polymer hydrogel. Here, we apply, validate, and optimize ExM protocols that enable the study of Drosophila embryos, larval brains, and larval and adult body walls. We achieve a lateral resolution of ∼70 nm in Drosophila tissues using a standard confocal microscope,

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Kravchuk, Oksana, Iryna Varis, and Ivanna Liaсh. "Digital Transformation of Employee Experience Management: Tools, Practices, and Trends." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 11, no. 4 (2024): 84–100. https://doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.11.4.84-100.

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The article focuses on the digital transformation of Employee Experience Management (EXM) in the context of global business process digitalization. The research aims to systematize and scientifically substantiate modern approaches to the digital transformation of EXM, identify key tools, analyze successful implementation practices, and identify promising development trends. The research employs various methods, including general scientific techniques, specialized cognitive methods, analysis, synthesis, and comparative analysis. The study resulted in a systematization of theoretical and methodo

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7

Cui, Yi, Gaojie Yang, Daniel R. Goodwin, et al. "Expansion microscopy using a single anchor molecule for high-yield multiplexed imaging of proteins and RNAs." PLOS ONE 18, no. 9 (2023): e0291506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291506.

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Expansion microscopy (ExM), by physically enlarging specimens in an isotropic fashion, enables nanoimaging on standard light microscopes. Key to existing ExM protocols is the equipping of different kinds of molecules, with different kinds of anchoring moieties, so they can all be pulled apart from each other by polymer swelling. Here we present a multifunctional anchor, an acrylate epoxide, that enables proteins and RNAs to be equipped with anchors in a single experimental step. This reagent simplifies ExM protocols and reduces cost (by 2-10-fold for a typical multiplexed ExM experiment) compa

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Gunawardhana, Loku, Wilna Moree, Jiaming Guo, et al. "Fast photostable expansion microscopy using QDots and deconvolution." PLOS One 20, no. 6 (2025): e0325155. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325155.

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Expansion microscopy (ExM) enables sub-diffraction imaging by physically expanding labeled tissue samples. This increases the tissue volume relative to the instrument point spread function (PSF), thereby improving the effective resolution by reported factors of 4 - 20X. However, this volume increase dilutes the fluorescence signal, reducing both signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and acquisition speed. This paper proposes and validates a method for mitigating these challenges. We overcame the limitations of ExM by developing a fast photo-stable protocol to enable scalable widefield three-dimensional

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9

Bertiaux, Eloïse, Aurélia C. Balestra, Lorène Bournonville, et al. "Expansion microscopy provides new insights into the cytoskeleton of malaria parasites including the conservation of a conoid." PLOS Biology 19, no. 3 (2021): e3001020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001020.

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Malaria is caused by unicellularPlasmodiumparasites.Plasmodiumrelies on diverse microtubule cytoskeletal structures for its reproduction, multiplication, and dissemination. Due to the small size of this parasite, its cytoskeleton has been primarily observable by electron microscopy (EM). Here, we demonstrate that the nanoscale cytoskeleton organisation is within reach using ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM). In developing microgametocytes, U-ExM allows monitoring the dynamic assembly of axonemes and concomitant tubulin polyglutamylation in whole cells. In the invasive merozoite and o

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Paterou, Athina, Julia Sáez Conde, Shambhawee Neupane, and Samuel Dean. "The ABCD_AF291 antibody gives strong and specific signal in ultra-expansion microscopy analysis of HA tagged proteins in African trypanosomes." Antibody Reports 7, no. 1 (2024): e1625. http://dx.doi.org/10.24450/journals/abrep.2024.e1625.

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African trypanosomes expressing a flagellar central pair protein tagged with a triple hemagglutinin (HA) epitope in tandem repeat were analyzed by ultra-expansion microscopy (U-ExM) using the recombinant anti-HA antibody ABCD_AF291. ABCD_AF291 gave a strong and specific signal, demonstrating that it can be used to localize tagged proteins in U-ExM experiments.

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Battula, Venkata Lokesh, Ye Chen, Marina Konopleva, and Michael Andreeff. "Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) Regulates Mesenchymal Stromal Cell De-Differentiation Into Adipocyte Progenitors and Facilitates Leukemic Cell Homing to Extra-Medullary Bone Marrow." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 2391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.2391.2391.

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Abstract Abstract 2391 Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) regulates extracellular matrix production, chemotaxis, cell proliferation and integrin expression. Recent reports suggest that recombinant CTGF transforms mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) into fibroblast like cells and inhibits their differentiation potential. We have recently shown that stable knockdown of CTGF expression in bone marrow derived MSCs rendered them quiescent and increased their adipocyte differentiation potential (Battula et al., ASH 2010 abstract 3845, Blood, Vol. 116). Based on these findings, we hypothesized that

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Liffner, Benjamin, and Sabrina Absalon. "Expansion Microscopy Reveals Plasmodium falciparum Blood-Stage Parasites Undergo Anaphase with A Chromatin Bridge in the Absence of Mini-Chromosome Maintenance Complex Binding Protein." Microorganisms 9, no. 11 (2021): 2306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9112306.

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The malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum undergoes closed mitosis, which occurs within an intact nuclear envelope, and differs significantly from its human host. Mitosis is underpinned by the dynamics of microtubules and the nuclear envelope. To date, our ability to study P. falciparum mitosis by microscopy has been hindered by the small size of the P. falciparum nuclei. Ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) has recently been developed for P. falciparum, allowing the visualization of mitosis at the individual nucleus level. Using U-ExM, three intranuclear microtubule structures are obs

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13

Petrich, Annett, Gyu Min Hwang, Laetitia La Rocca, et al. "Expanding Insights: Harnessing Expansion Microscopy for Super-Resolution Analysis of HIV-1–Cell Interactions." Viruses 16, no. 10 (2024): 1610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16101610.

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Expansion microscopy has recently emerged as an alternative technique for achieving high-resolution imaging of biological structures. Improvements in resolution are achieved by physically expanding samples through embedding in a swellable hydrogel before microscopy. However, expansion microscopy has been rarely used in the field of virology. Here, we evaluate and characterize the ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) protocol, which facilitates approximately four-fold sample expansion, enabling the visualization of different post-entry stages of the HIV-1 life cycle, focusing on nuclear

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14

Rozario, Ashley M., Fabian Zwettler, Sam Duwé, et al. "‘Live and Large’: Super-Resolution Optical Fluctuation Imaging (SOFI) and Expansion Microscopy (ExM) of Microtubule Remodelling by Rabies Virus P Protein." Australian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 8 (2020): 686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch19571.

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The field of super-resolution microscopy continues to progress rapidly, both in terms of evolving techniques and methodologies as well as in the development of new multi-disciplinary applications. Two current drivers of innovation are increasing the possible resolution gain and application in live samples. Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) is well suited to live samples while expansion microscopy (ExM) enables obtainment of sub-diffraction information via conventional imaging. In this Highlight we provide a brief outline of these methods and report results from application of

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Rozario, Ashley M., Fabian Zwettler, Sam Duwé, et al. "Corrigendum to: ‘Live and Large’: Super-Resolution Optical Fluctuation Imaging (SOFI) and Expansion Microscopy (ExM) of Microtubule Remodelling by Rabies Virus P Protein." Australian Journal of Chemistry 73, no. 8 (2020): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch19571_co.

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The field of super-resolution microscopy continues to progress rapidly, both in terms of evolving techniques and methodologies as well as in the development of new multi-disciplinary applications. Two current drivers of innovation are increasing the possible resolution gain and application in live samples. Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) is well suited to live samples while expansion microscopy (ExM) enables obtainment of sub-diffraction information via conventional imaging. In this Highlight we provide a brief outline of these methods and report results from application of

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Gorilak, Peter, Martina Pružincová, Hana Vachova, Marie Olšinová, Marketa Schmidt Cernohorska, and Vladimir Varga. "Expansion microscopy facilitates quantitative super-resolution studies of cytoskeletal structures in kinetoplastid parasites." Open Biology 11, no. 9 (2021): 210131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.210131.

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Expansion microscopy (ExM) has become a powerful super-resolution method in cell biology. It is a simple, yet robust approach, which does not require any instrumentation or reagents beyond those present in a standard microscopy facility. In this study, we used kinetoplastid parasites Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania major , which possess a complex, yet well-defined microtubule-based cytoskeleton, to demonstrate that this method recapitulates faithfully morphology of structures as previously revealed by a combination of sophisticated electron microscopy (EM) approaches. Importantly, we also sh

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Al-Bayati, Dalia Omar Nazmi, Saif Adel Sabbar Al-Dulaimi, and Nadhem Abdullah Abid Al-Mihimdy. "Analyzing the impact of exchange rate fluctuations and inflation on the GDP in Iraq using the modern methodology of Cointegration for the period (1988-2020)." Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences 28, no. 131 (2022): 83–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.33095/jeas.v28i131.2235.

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The research aims to analyze the impact of exchange rate fluctuations (EXM and EXN) and inflation (INF) on the gross domestic product (GDP) in Iraq for the period 1988-2020. The research is important by analyzing the magnitude of the macroeconomic and especially GDP effects of these variables, as well as the economic effects of exchange rates on economic activity. The results of the standard analysis using the ARDL model showed a long-term equilibrium relationship, according to the Bound Test methodology, from explanatory (independent) variables to the internal (dependent) variable, while the

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Hu, Yanlei, Ximing Chu, Ting-ting Chen, et al. "Improving resolving ability of expansion microscopy by varying crosslinker concentration." Chemical Communications 56, no. 30 (2020): 4176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc00052c.

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Zaini, Muhammad Zulfadhli, Nurul Ab Aziz Hashikin, Aminudin Said, and Hussin Dhalisa. "Dosimetry Evaluation on the Use of 18F-FDG for PET/CT Imaging using OLINDA/EXM and Geant4 Monte Carlo Simulations – A Single Centre Experience." Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 32, no. 2 (2025): 32–41. https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms-10-2024-800.

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Background: PET/CT using 18F-FDG has been increasingly used for diagnostic imaging. Thus, dosimetry evaluation is crucial to minimise unnecessary radiation exposure to other organs. This study aimed to evaluate the absorbed dose to patients undergoing 18F-FDG sequential PET/CT imaging in the Institut Kanser Negara (IKN), Putrajaya, Malaysia using OLINDA/EXM and Geant4 MC simulation, focusing on identifying the most suitable method for clinical application and analysing whether the absorbed dose complies with the safety standard set by ICRP 128. Methods: OLINDA/EXM (version 1.1) and Geant4 MC (

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Gambarotto, Davide, Fabian U. Zwettler, Maeva Le Guennec, et al. "Imaging cellular ultrastructures using expansion microscopy (U-ExM)." Nature Methods 16, no. 1 (2018): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41592-018-0238-1.

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Sun, De-en, Xinqi Fan, Yujie Shi, et al. "Click-ExM enables expansion microscopy for all biomolecules." Nature Methods 18, no. 1 (2020): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41592-020-01005-2.

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Alfarzaeai, Murad S., Eryi Hu, Wang Peng, Niu Qiang, and Maged M. A. Alkainaeai. "Coal Gangue Classification Based on the Feature Extraction of the Volume Visual Perception ExM-SVM." Energies 16, no. 4 (2023): 2064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16042064.

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Computer-vision-based separation methods for coal gangue face challenges due to the harsh environmental conditions in the mines, leading to the reduction of separation accuracy. So, rather than purely depending on the image features to distinguish the coal gangue, it is meaningful to utilize fixed coal characteristics like density. This study achieves the classification of coal and gangue based on their mass, volume, and weight. A dataset of volume, weight and 3_side images is collected. By using 3_side images of coal gangue, the visual perception value of the volume is extracted (ExM) to repr

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Rashpa, Ravish, and Mathieu Brochet. "Expansion microscopy of Plasmodium gametocytes reveals the molecular architecture of a bipartite microtubule organisation centre coordinating mitosis with axoneme assembly." PLOS Pathogens 18, no. 1 (2022): e1010223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1010223.

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Transmission of malaria-causing parasites to mosquitoes relies on the production of gametocyte stages and their development into gametes. These stages display various microtubule cytoskeletons and the architecture of the corresponding microtubule organisation centres (MTOC) remains elusive. Combining ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U-ExM) with bulk proteome labelling, we first reconstructed in 3D the subpellicular microtubule network which confers cell rigidity to Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes. Upon activation, as the microgametocyte undergoes three rounds of endomitosis, it also asse

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Zhang Li, 张丽, 刘志佳 Liu Zhijia, 费义艳 Fei Yiyan, 糜岚 Mi Lan та 马炯 Ma Jiong. "抗淬灭增强的ExM‑SOFI技术". Chinese Journal of Lasers 50, № 3 (2023): 0307111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl221255.

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Cahoon, Cori K., Zulin Yu, Yongfu Wang, et al. "Superresolution expansion microscopy reveals the three-dimensional organization of the Drosophila synaptonemal complex." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 33 (2017): E6857—E6866. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1705623114.

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The synaptonemal complex (SC), a structure highly conserved from yeast to mammals, assembles between homologous chromosomes and is essential for accurate chromosome segregation at the first meiotic division. In Drosophila melanogaster, many SC components and their general positions within the complex have been dissected through a combination of genetic analyses, superresolution microscopy, and electron microscopy. Although these studies provide a 2D understanding of SC structure in Drosophila, the inability to optically resolve the minute distances between proteins in the complex has precluded

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Dragonetti, Roger. "Dante and Frederick II: the poetry of history." Exemplaria 1, no. 1 (1989): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/exm.1989.1.1.1.

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Dinshaw, Carolyn. "The Law of Man and Its “Abhomynacions”." Exemplaria 1, no. 1 (1989): 117–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/exm.1989.1.1.117.

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McGerr, Rosemarie P. "Medieval Concepts of Literary Closure: Theory and Practice." Exemplaria 1, no. 1 (1989): 149–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/exm.1989.1.1.149.

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Corthell, Ronald J. "Donne's “Disparitie”: Inversion, Gender, and the Subject of Love in Some Songs and Sonnets." Exemplaria 1, no. 1 (1989): 17–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/exm.1989.1.1.17.

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Allen, Peter L. "Ars Amandi, Ars Legendi: Love Poetry and Literary Theory in Ovid, Andreas Capellanus, and Jean de Meun." Exemplaria 1, no. 1 (1989): 181–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/exm.1989.1.1.181.

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"In-Vivo Pharmacokinetics Study of Exemestane Hydrochloride Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems via Oral Route." Letters in Applied NanoBioScience 12, no. 4 (2022): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33263/lianbs124.098.

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Exemestane HCl (EXM) is a novel irreversible steroidal aromatase inhibitor for the adjuvant treatment of hormonally responsive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Poor aqueous solubility of EXM is the biggest hurdle for developing solid oral dosage forms. That’s why the current study aims to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of formulating the EXM loaded self nano emulsifying drug delivery (SNEDDs) system. SNEDDs were formulated using Labrafac CC (20% w/v), Tween 80 (27%w/v), and Triacetin (54%w/v) as oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant, respectively, by water titration method. A comparative Pha

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Shi, Xiaoyu, Qi Li, Zhipeng Dai, et al. "Label-retention expansion microscopy." Journal of Cell Biology 220, no. 9 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202105067.

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Expansion microscopy (ExM) increases the effective resolving power of any microscope by expanding the sample with swellable hydrogel. Since its invention, ExM has been successfully applied to a wide range of cell, tissue, and animal samples. Still, fluorescence signal loss during polymerization and digestion limits molecular-scale imaging using ExM. Here, we report the development of label-retention ExM (LR-ExM) with a set of trifunctional anchors that not only prevent signal loss but also enable high-efficiency labeling using SNAP and CLIP tags. We have demonstrated multicolor LR-ExM for a va

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Zhuang, Yinyin, and Xiaoyu Shi. "Label‐Retention Expansion Microscopy (LR‐ExM) for Enhanced Fluorescent Signals using Trifunctional Probes." Current Protocols 4, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpz1.973.

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AbstractExpansion microscopy (ExM) is a super‐resolution imaging technique that bypasses the diffraction limit of conventional optical microscopy (∼250 nm) by enlarging samples with a swellable hydrogel. Combined with various light microscopes, ExM enables an effective resolution ranging from 5 to 70 nm. ExM has now been successfully applied to cell, tissue, and whole‐organism samples, providing biologists with a low‐cost strategy to visualize samples at the molecular level. However, fluorescence signal loss easily happens for beginners and with early versions of ExM protocols. Here, we descri

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Cho, In, and Jae-Byum Chang. "Simultaneous expansion microscopy imaging of proteins and mRNAs via dual-ExM." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06903-3.

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AbstractSimultaneous nanoscale imaging of mRNAs and proteins of the same specimen can provide better information on the translational regulation, molecular trafficking, and molecular interaction of both normal and diseased biological systems. Expansion microscopy (ExM) is an attractive option to achieve such imaging; however, simultaneous ExM imaging of proteins and mRNAs has not been demonstrated. Here, a technique for simultaneous ExM imaging of proteins and mRNAs in cultured cells and tissue slices, which we termed dual-expansion microscopy (dual-ExM), is demonstrated. First, we verified a

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Chowdhury, Rajdeep, Tiago Mimoso, Abed Alrahman Chouaib, et al. "Microtubules as a versatile reference standard for expansion microscopy." Communications Biology 8, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07967-3.

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Abstract Expansion microscopy (ExM) is continually improving, and new ExM variants need to be validated on well-defined biological structures. There is no consensus on validation structures for ExM, especially as nuclear pore complexes or DNA nanorulers are not popular for ExM studies. Here we propose that microtubules should be used for ExM validation. The diameter of microtubules immunostained using primary and secondary antibodies is sufficiently large for the validation of techniques with resolutions better than 50 nm. For techniques with higher precision (up to ~10 nm), microtubules can b

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Louvel, Vincent, Romuald Haase, Olivier Mercey, et al. "iU-ExM: nanoscopy of organelles and tissues with iterative ultrastructure expansion microscopy." Nature Communications 14, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43582-8.

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AbstractExpansion microscopy (ExM) is a highly effective technique for super-resolution fluorescence microscopy that enables imaging of biological samples beyond the diffraction limit with conventional fluorescence microscopes. Despite the development of several enhanced protocols, ExM has not yet demonstrated the ability to achieve the precision of nanoscopy techniques such as Single Molecule Localization Microscopy (SMLM). Here, to address this limitation, we have developed an iterative ultrastructure expansion microscopy (iU-ExM) approach that achieves SMLM-level resolution. With iU-ExM, it

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Grison, Magali S., Guillaume Maucort, Amandine Dumazel, et al. "Root expansion microscopy: A robust method for super resolution imaging in Arabidopsis." Plant Cell 37, no. 4 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1093/plcell/koaf050.

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Abstract Expansion microscopy (ExM) has revolutionized biological imaging by physically enlarging samples, surpassing the light diffraction limit, and enabling nanoscale visualization using standard microscopes. While extensively employed across a wide range of biological samples, its application to plant tissues is sparse. In this work, we present ROOT-ExM, an expansion method suited for stiff and intricate multicellular plant tissues, focusing on the primary root of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). ROOT-ExM achieves isotropic expansion with a 4-fold increase in resolution, enabling super-

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Wang, Wei, Yat Ho Chan, SoYoung Kwon, Jamuna Tandukar, and Ruixuan Gao. "Nanoscale fluorescence imaging of biological ultrastructure via molecular anchoring and physical expansion." Nano Convergence 9, no. 1 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40580-022-00318-6.

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AbstractNanoscale imaging of biological samples can provide rich morphological and mechanistic information about biological functions and dysfunctions at the subcellular and molecular level. Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a recently developed nanoscale fluorescence imaging method that takes advantage of physical enlargement of biological samples. In ExM, preserved cells and tissues are embedded in a swellable hydrogel, to which the molecules and fluorescent tags in the samples are anchored. When the hydrogel swells several-fold, the effective resolution of the sample images can be improved acco

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Damstra, Hugo GJ, Boaz Mohar, Mark Eddison, Anna Akhmanova, Lukas C. Kapitein, and Paul W. Tillberg. "Visualizing cellular and tissue ultrastructure using Ten-fold Robust Expansion Microscopy (TREx)." eLife 11 (February 18, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/elife.73775.

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Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a powerful technique to overcome the diffraction limit of light microscopy that can be applied in both tissues and cells. In ExM, samples are embedded in a swellable polymer gel to physically expand the sample and isotropically increase resolution in x, y, and z. The maximum resolution increase is limited by the expansion factor of the gel, which is four-fold for the original ExM protocol. Variations on the original ExM method have been reported that allow for greater expansion factors but at the cost of ease of adoption or versatility. Here, we systematically exp

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Atchou, Kodzo, Bianca Manuela Berger, Volker Heussler, and Torsten Ochsenreiter. "Pre-gelation staining expansion microscopy (PS-ExM) for visualisation of the Plasmodium liver stage." Journal of Cell Science, November 9, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.261377.

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Fluorescence and light microscopy are important tools in the history of natural science. However, the resolution of microscopes is limited by the diffraction of light. One possible method to circumvent this physical restriction is the recently developed expansion microscopy (ExM). However, the original ultrastructure ExM (U-ExM) protocol is very time-consuming, and some epitopes are lost during the process. In this study, we developed a shortened pre-gelation staining ExM (PS-ExM) protocol and tested it to investigate the Plasmodium liver stage. The protocol presented in this study allows expa

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Jia, Dongling, Minhui Cui, Adeleh Divsalar, et al. "Derivative Technologies of Expansion Microscopy and Applications in Biomedicine." ChemBioChem, December 16, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202400795.

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Expansion microscopy (ExM) is an innovative super‐resolution imaging technique that utilizes physical expansion to magnify biological samples, facilitating the visualization of cellular structures that are challenging to observe using traditional optical microscopes. The fundamental principle of ExM revolves around employing a specialized hydrogel to uniformly expand biological samples, thereby achieving super‐resolution imaging under conventional optical imaging conditions. This technology finds application not only in various biological samples such as cells and tissue sections, but also ena

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Abhari, Kaveh, Aziz Bhullar, Jennifer Le, and Najma Sufi. "Advancing employee experience management (EXM) platforms." Strategic HR Review, May 10, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/shr-04-2023-0021.

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Purpose This paper aims to present a novel framework for an artificial intelligence (AI)-powered Employee Experience Management (EXM) platform that addresses strategic HR concerns such as employee engagement, personal and professional development and job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach This paper conducted a comprehensive study of the applications of AI technology in HR management and workforce development between 2020 and 2023. The study results were then contextualized in the context of EXM to identify an innovative employee-centered framework. Findings This paper presents a novel

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Pesce, Luca, Pietro Ricci, Giancarlo Sportelli, Nicola Belcari, and Giuseppe Sancataldo. "Expansion and Light‐Sheet Microscopy for Nanoscale 3D Imaging." Small Methods, March 10, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202301715.

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AbstractExpansion Microscopy (ExM) and Light‐Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM) are forefront imaging techniques that enable high‐resolution visualization of biological specimens. ExM enhances nanoscale investigation using conventional fluorescence microscopes, while LSFM offers rapid, minimally invasive imaging over large volumes. This review explores the joint advancements of ExM and LSFM, focusing on the excellent performance of the integrated modality obtained from the combination of the two, which is refer to as ExLSFM. In doing so, the chemical processes required for ExM, the tailored

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Toon, Adam. "Minds, materials and metaphors." Philosophy, December 23, 2020, 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819120000406.

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Abstract What is the relationship between mental states and items of material culture, like notebooks, maps or lists? The extended mind thesis (ExM) offers an influential and controversial answer to this question. According to ExM, items of material culture can form part of the material basis for our mental states. Although ExM offers a radical view of the location of mental states, it fits comfortably with a traditional, representationalist account of the nature of those states. I argue that proponents of ExM would do better to adopt a fictionalist approach to mental states. In so doing, I su

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Valdivieso González, David, Josué Jara, Víctor G. Almendro-Vedia, Belén Orgaz, and Iván López-Montero. "Expansion microscopy applied to mono- and dual-species biofilms." npj Biofilms and Microbiomes 9, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41522-023-00460-x.

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AbstractExpansion microscopy (ExM) is a new super-resolution technique based on embedding the biological sample within a hydrogel and its physical expansion after swelling. This allows increasing its size by several times while preserving its structural details. Applied to prokaryotic cells, ExM requires digestion steps for efficient expansion as bacteria are surrounded by a rigid cell wall. Furthermore, bacteria can live in social groups forming biofilms, where cells are protected from environmental stresses by a self-produced matrix. The extracellular matrix represents an additional impenetr

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Wang, Ueh-Ting Tim, Xuejiao Tian, Yae-Huei Liou, et al. "Protein and lipid expansion microscopy with trypsin and tyramide signal amplification for 3D imaging." Scientific Reports 13, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-48959-9.

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AbstractExpansion microscopy, whereby the relative positions of biomolecules are physically increased via hydrogel expansion, can be used to reveal ultrafine structures of cells under a conventional microscope. Despite its utility for achieving super-resolution imaging, expansion microscopy suffers a major drawback, namely reduced fluorescence signals caused by excessive proteolysis and swelling effects. This caveat results in a lower photon budget and disfavors fluorescence imaging over a large field of view that can cover an entire expanded cell, especially in 3D. In addition, the complex pr

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John, Blooma, Zeena Alsamarra'i, and Niki Panteli. "Reconfiguring digital embeddedness in hybrid work: The case of employee experience management platforms." Information Systems Journal, July 16, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/isj.12545.

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AbstractAs organisations respond to the increasing preference for hybrid work, employee experience management (EXM) platforms are becoming integral to transforming employees' experiences in hybrid workplaces. In this article, we theorise that EXM platforms are implanted into the workflow through digital embeddedness, which is appropriated and reconfigured through the interactions between human and digital subsystems in hybrid work. We adopt the lens of digital/human interaction to explore the reciprocal process of how EXM platforms configure and are reconfigured in hybrid work. Based on a case

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Hümpfer, Nadja, Ria Thielhorn, and Helge Ewers. "Expanding boundaries – a cell biologist's guide to expansion microscopy." Journal of Cell Science 137, no. 7 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.260765.

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ABSTRACT Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a revolutionary novel approach to increase resolution in light microscopy. In contrast to super-resolution microscopy methods that rely on sophisticated technological advances, including novel instrumentation, ExM instead is entirely based on sample preparation. In ExM, labeled target molecules in fixed cells are anchored in a hydrogel, which is then physically enlarged by osmotic swelling. The isotropic swelling of the hydrogel pulls the labels apart from one another, and their relative organization can thus be resolved using conventional microscopes eve

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Aristova, Daria, Dominik Kylies, Mario Del Rosario, et al. "Nanoscale imaging of biological systems via expansion and super-resolution microscopy." Applied Physics Reviews 12, no. 2 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0240464.

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Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) has revolutionized life sciences by overcoming the diffraction limit, enabling the visualization of biological structures at the nanoscale. Expansion Microscopy (ExM) has emerged as a powerful and accessible technique that enhances resolution by physically enlarging the specimen. Importantly, the principles of ExM provide a unique foundation for combinations with SRM methods, pushing the boundaries of achievable resolution. This review explores the fundamental principles of ExM and examines its successful integration with various SRM techniques, including fluo

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Dong, Xinhang, Jeong Hun Jo, and Jing Hughes. "Axonemal Dynein Visualized in Primary Cilia via Expansion Microscopy." Cytoskeleton, June 24, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/cm.70004.

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ABSTRACTPrimary cilia are essential sensory organelles whose structural complexity has challenged detailed imaging analysis. Ultrastructure expansion microscopy (U‐ExM) offers a promising approach by physically enlarging specimens in hydrogels, enabling nanoscale protein mapping. Here, we apply U‐ExM to pancreatic islet cilia and demonstrate the conserved presence of all four axonemal dynein subtypes, including prominent localization of the intermediate chain DNAI1 in both primary cilia and centrioles. These findings suggest that U‐ExM is a robust tool for ciliary studies and provide evidence

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