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Journal articles on the topic 'Exode rural'
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Aubert, Claude. "Exode rural, exode agricole en Chine, la grande mutation ?" Espace, populations, sociétés 13, no. 2 (1995): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/espos.1995.1693.
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Maisonneuve, Daniel. "Structure familiale et exode rural." Articles 14, no. 2 (2008): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/600572ar.
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RÉSUMÉ Le maintien d’un niveau élevé de fécondité dans un contexte d’exode massif est souvent interprété comme le résultat de la persistance de valeurs culturelles traditionnelles devenues inadaptées aux nouvelles conditions socio-économiques. Cette étude, basée sur l’analyse des recensements nominatifs dans une paroisse québécoise au 19e siècle, montre que l’exode rural fut beaucoup plus le fait de familles entières expulsées de la société rurale que d’individus quittant leur famille pour la soulager d’une pression démographique intenable. De plus, le comportement migratoire des familles rurales semble avoir été déterminé par leur situation socio-économique, dans un processus au sein duquel les variables liées à la structure familiale et à la fécondité n’exerçaient pas d’effet significatif.
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Issaka, Hamadou. "Exode rural, urbanisation et sécurité privée à Niamey." Cahiers d'Outre-Mer 68, no. 270 (2015): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/com.7451.
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Jamal, Mustapha. "Exode rural et dualisme urbain à Dacca (Bangladesh) (Rural migrations and urban dualism in Dacca)." Bulletin de l'Association de géographes français 65, no. 2 (1988): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bagf.1988.1422.
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Elmas, Hasan Basri. "Exode rural et migration des turcs et des kurdes vers l'Europe." Hommes et Migrations 1212, no. 1 (1998): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/homig.1998.3130.
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Petit, Pierre. "L'exode rural au Laos. Mobilité, jeunesse et parenté à Houay Yong (province de Houaphan)." Bulletin des Séances - Mededelingen der Zittingen 63, no. 1 (2020): 49–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3693824.
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Depuis le milieu des années 1980, les politiques nationales de dévelop­pement au Laos ont favorisé le déplacement des populations des hautes terres vers les zones rurales de plaine. Ces relocalisations initiées par l’État ont induit d’autres formes de mobilité, de nature plus spontanée. Ainsi, depuis le cap du millénaire, la croissance urbaine se nourrit d’un véritable exode rural touchant particulièrement les tranches les plus jeunes de la population tant masculine que féminine. C’est ce qui a pu être observé à Houay Yong, un village tai de la province de Houaphan, que les jeunes quittent de plus en plus nombreux pour tenter leur chance en ville, essentiellement à Vientiane, la capitale. Cet article, de nature exploratoire, pose un regard anthropologique sur les ressorts de cette mobilité, en mettant l’accent sur l’intégration dans l’économie (inter)nationale, les ima­ginaires de la ville et de la modernité, l’évolution des liens générationnels et de genre, l’attachement émotionnel au village et la persistance de principes hiérarchiques fondés sur l’ancestralité. <em>The Rural Flight in Laos. Mobility, Youth and Kinship in Houay Yong (Houaphan Province)</em>. — Since the mid-1980s, the highlands of Laos have been affected by a policy promoting resettlements into the lowland countryside. This policy eventually had a leverage effect on other forms of mobility of a more spontaneous nature. Since the turn of the century, the urban population has grown tremendously, due to a strong rural flight of the youth — both male and female. This has been observed in Houay Yong, a Tai village in the province of Houaphan. More and more youths leave the village to take a chance in the city, especially in the capital, Vientiane. This paper highlights, from an anthropological perspective, the driving forces of this process, with a focus on the villa­ge’s integration into the (inter)national economy; the imaginary of the city and of moder­nity; the evolution of generation and gender relations; the emotional attachment to the village; and the persistence of a hierarchy based on ancestrality.
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Fall, Papa Demba. "Exode rural et transformation de l'espace dans l'arrière-pays de Fatick (Sénégal)." RIEM. Revista internacional de estudios migratorios 7, no. 1 (2017): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/riem.v7i1.1076.
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Cumoli, Flavia. "Exode rural et crises du logement dans l'Italie des années 1950-1970." Le Mouvement Social 245, no. 4 (2013): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lms.245.0059.
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St-Hilaire, Marc. "La formation des populations urbaines au Québec : le cas du Saguenay aux XIXe et XXe siècles." Articles 20, no. 1 (2004): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/010063ar.
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RÉSUMÉ L'urbanisation du Saguenay s'est intensifiée fortement à partir de la fin du XIXe siècle, tandis que s'accélérait l'industrialisation fondée sur l'exploitation des ressources hydrauliques et forestières. Les villes, qu'elles soient polyvalentes ou spécialisées, ont ainsi suscité de forts courants d'immigration d'origine géographique variée et impliquant plus d'hommes que de femmes. Les mouvements venant des régions de l'Est québécois, régions qui ont contribué au peuplement initial du Saguenay, se sont intensifiés (exode rural), alors que de nouvelles aires de recrutement apparaissaient dans les régions plus éloignées et plus urbanisées de l'Ouest québécois (émigration sélective).
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N'Cho, Brou Hyacinthe, Songui Diabaté, and Lucas Delmas Yapo. "Problématique de l'exode rural de la jeunesse ivoirienne diplômée vers Abidjan et emplois modernes : Analyse Sociologique et Regards croisés sur un fait de société." African Review of Migration and Environment/ Revue Africaine de Migration et Environnement (p-ISSN : 2664-1232 ; e-ISSN : 2791-2698) Vol 7, no. 1 (2023): 152–72. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8256092.
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Ce présent article vise à analyser les déterminants sociaux qui empêchent les jeunes ivoiriens diplômés en situation de mobilité de trouver des emplois pleins, stables, décents et productifs dans la métropole Abidjanaise. Pour y parvenir un échantillon de 425 personnes ont été enquêtées. L’axe méthodologique qui a guidé le recueil des données et la rédaction de cette étude s’appuie sur <em>La Théorie économique néoclassique (Benicourt. E ; et All ; 2008)</em> et <em>l’individualisme méthodologique</em> <em>(Massimo. B ; 2020);</em> y compris l’approche mixte centrée respectivement sur un questionnaire et des entretiens directifs et semi-directifs. L’analyse des données de l’enquête révèle que : le manque d’expérience professionnelle et la faiblesse du capital humain sont les freins à l’insertion socioprofessionnelle des jeunes migrants ruraux vers la capitale économique de la Côte d’Ivoire (Abidjan). Enfin les inconvénients du chômage des jeunes diplômés en situation de mobilité sont : les difficultés d’accès aux soins de santé, à l’éducation, à l’eau potable, à un meilleur assainissement ; et autres effets collatéraux tels que : La prostitution et le grand banditisme.
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Martínez Vega, Javier. "La estructura agraria en la comarca de los Montes de Toledo." Estudios Geográficos 52, no. 205 (1991): 673–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/egeogr.1991.i205.673.
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Este artículo es una aproximación a las características de la estructura agraria en un espacio comarcal de montaña. En este espacio montano, la configuración orográfica, los distintos modelos de ocupación del territorio a lo largo de la historia y el reciente éxodo rural son algunos de los elementos que han incidido, de forma directa y, a menudo, negativamente, en las estructuras agrarias. En la actualidad, el problema más grave de cara a una equilibrada ordenación territorial y a cubrir el objetivo prioritario de toda política socioestructural (compensar los desequilibrios ínter e intrarregionales) es a nuestro juicio, el acusado enveJecimiento de la población y, como consecuencia, ael empresariado agrario de la región, dificultad que invalida las medidas encaminadas a mejorar y modernizar las explotaciones agrarias. [fr] Cet article est une approche aux caracteristiques de la structure agraire dans un espace montagneux. Dans cet espace de montagne, la confiration orographique, les diferents modeles d'occupation du territoire au long de l'h1stoire et le récent exode rural sont quelques elements qui ont atteint d'une fafon directe et, souvent, négativement, les structures agraires. Actuellement, le probleme plus grave Íafe a une organisation territoriale equil ibrée et a attei ndre l 'objetif priori taire de toute poli tique socio-structurel le (equilibrer les écarts in ter et intraregionaux) est, d'apres nous, le remarquable vieillissement de la population, et, done, des dirigeants des entreprises agraires de la région, difficultée qui annule les mesures dirigées a ameliorer et moderniser les centres d'exploitation agraire.
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JEDDI, Bouchra. "Le tourisme rural dans la province d'Azilal, quels impacts socio-économiques pour un développement territorial ?" International Journal of Accounting, Finance, Auditing, Management and Economics 3, no. 2-2 (2022): 230–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6386921.
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Le tourisme est considéré comme un secteur d’activité à forte contribution au développement territorial. L’OMT, à titre d’exemple, le considère comme moteur de la croissance socio-économique, en agissant sur la réduction de la pauvreté et œuvrant à la création d’emplois, chose qui lui a permis d’acquérir le statut international, d’outil de développement, qui contribue à l’amélioration des conditions de vie au niveau local. La ruralité au Maroc comme dans le monde connaissant une forte dépendance au secteur agricole, qui présente des productions fluctuantes, dues à la succession des années de sécheresse dans ces pays, a fait confronter les populations des territoires ruraux, à des problèmes d’ordre majeur, telles que le chômage, la pauvreté et l’exode. La problématique des stratégies de développement possibles dans les territoires ruraux commença alors à émerger, en insistant sur l’intérêt de la diversification de l’économie de ces territoires ruraux, afin de compenser la faiblesse de rendement de l’agriculture, en s’orientant vers d’autres secteurs d’activités tels que le tourisme, surtout pour les territoires à potentiel pour le développement du secteur. Le développement d'une activité touristique dans le milieu rural pourrait donc constituer un facteur de contribution à un développement local durable, au sein des territoires ruraux marocains. Afin d’évaluer l’impact socio-économique de cette activité sur le développement territorial rural, cet article s’est basé sur une étude empirique mobilisant une approche mixte, s’appuyant sur une approche quantitative à travers l’exploitation des données chiffrées recueillies à partir de la recherche documentaire et une approche qualitative mobilisant les indicateurs socio-économiques du développement territorial rural, relatifs à l’activité touristique rurale, qui sont l’emploi, le revenu et l’offre et la demande touristiques. Ces indicateurs ont été évalués à partir des réponses recueillies des entretiens tenus avec les acteurs locaux du tourisme interrogés, dans le cadre d’une étude de terrain réalisée au niveau d’un territoire rural marocain qui est la province d’AZILAL. Les résultats de cette étude empirique ont dévoilé que le tourisme rural a marqué son rôle de levier de développement territorial dans les zones pauvres, qui disposent d’un patrimoine naturel et culturel favorable au développement d’une activité touristique. <strong>Mots clés : </strong><strong>Développement territorial rural, Tourisme rural, indicateurs socio-économiques. </strong> <strong>Classification JEL : Z00</strong> <strong>Type de l’article : Recherche empirique.</strong>
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Petit, Benoît. "« Le non-exode rural en RDA » ? Un terme « oublié » dans le langage socio-économique officiel de la RDA, au début des années 1980." Allemagne d'aujourd'hui 92, no. 1 (1985): 31–54. https://doi.org/10.3406/alauj.1985.3545.
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Désert, Gabriel. "Machinisme et agriculture dans la France du XIXe siècle." Historical Papers 19, no. 1 (2006): 185–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030924ar.
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Résumé Le relatif retard pris par la productivité de l'agriculture française à partir du milieu du XIXe siècle pose le problème de ses causes. L'auteur pense que l'une d'elles est la difficulté qu'éprouvent les agriculteurs français à prendre le virage technologique nécessaire. Ils se montrent hésitants devant l'adoption d'un machinisme agricole, varié dans ses aspects et sans cesse perfectionné. Dans une première partie sont présentées l'évolution de ce machinisme, ses étapes avec leurs caractères propres, sa répartition dans l'espace national. Partant de ce tableau évolutif, l'auteur s'interroge sur ses raisons, sur ses rythmes variables dans le temps. Il pense que le conservatisme, la routine des paysans, l'insuffisante qualification de la main-d'oeuvre agricole, constituent des facteurs non déterminants. Il privilégierait plutôt, en faisant des éléments importants d'explication, le faible dynamisme des constructeurs français, les structures socio-économiques de monde paysan, notamment l'abondance des petites et très petites exploitations, la conjoncture des prix et, peut-être, l'insuffisant exode rural qui permet aux exploitants de disposer d'une main-d'oeuvre salariée relativement peu coûteuse. Le contexte démo-socio-économique rend compte à la fois de la grande lenteur de la mécanisation et des disparités zonales très marquées, bien qu elles s'estompent à partie de l'extrême fin du XIXe siècle. Finalement la mécanisation de i agriculture française s'est bien réalisée, mais lente- ment, tardivement et modérément. Le mérite en revient aux "notables' ruraux qui ont donné ïexemple et stimulé la masse paysanne en organisant des concours et des expositions. Ceux-ci sont devenus efficaces à partir du moment où la paysannerie a pris conscience de /' utilité des machines et a disposé des moyens financiers nécessaires à leur acquisition.
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Amy, Diagne. "Dynamique spatiale et temporelle de l’occupation de sol de la forêt classée de Bandia au Sénégal entre 2000 et 2020." Revue Ecosystèmes et Paysages 4, no. 2 (2024): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.59384/recopays.tg4229.
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L’étude se concentre sur l’analyse de la dynamique d’occupation du sol de la forêt classée de Bandia entre 2000 et 2020, un écosystème vital qui fait face à une pression croissante liée à des activités humaines. L’objectif principal est de comprendre comment ces changements d'occupation du sol, notamment en raison de l’exploitation des ressources naturelles et de l’agriculture, influencent la santé et la pérennité de cette forêt. Ainsi, l’étude vise à (i) identifier les facteurs et impacts associés à ces changements d'occupation à travers une analyse cartographique, et (ii) explorer les solutions proposées par les acteurs locaux pour la préservation de cet espace naturel protégé. Les méthodes utilisées incluent une analyse diachronique des images satellitaires Landsat (capteurs ETM+ pour les années 2000 et 2010, OLI pour 2020) ainsi que des missions de terrain et des enquêtes socio-économiques auprès de la population locale et des parties prenantes dans la gestion de la forêt. L’algorithme de classification K-means a été appliqué pour déterminer les différentes classes d’occupation du sol permettant de capturer les changements de couverture végétale avec précision. Les résultats révèlent une régression des formations végétales, passant de 96,01 % en 2000 à 85,96 % en 2020, avec une augmentation parallèle des zones anthropisées, telles que les carrières, les terres agricoles et les espaces bâtis. Cette transformation est en grande partie due à des activités comme l’extraction minière, le pâturage en forêt et l’exploitation forestière. La part des milieux anthropisés est ainsi passée de 3,99 % en 2000 à 14,04 % en 2020. Ces données soulignent l'importance d’adopter une gestion intégrée de la forêt, prenant en compte les pressions socio-économiques (pauvreté, exode rural, problèmes de santé) tout en garantissant la préservation de cet écosystème stratégique. Une telle approche permettrait de concilier les besoins de développement local et la sauvegarde de la forêt classée à long terme.
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Connan-Pintado, Christiane. "Enfances transplantées. La migration des personnages dans les réécritures de contes." Ondina - Ondine, no. 8 (December 22, 2022): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_ondina/ond.202286040.
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Comme l’a montré Umberto Eco, les personnages littéraires célèbres, et en l’espèce les personnages de contes, deviennent des migrants qui vivent « en dehors de leurs partitions originales ». Tel est le phénomène que nous proposons d’aborder dans le champ de la littérature de jeunesse contemporaine. Alors qu’ils viennent d’un passé lointain et du monde de la « forêt profonde », ces personnages subissent les effets d’un exode rural qui situe désormais leurs aventures dans le cadre urbain. En les confrontant aux représentations sociales d’un nouveau contexte spatio-temporel, cette transplantation peut faire l’objet d’une étude socio-poétique, et elle en représente même l’exemple le plus accompli d’après le théoricien de cette approche critique, Alain Montandon. En effet, les variations entraînées par la transposition diégétique des contes ne manquent pas d’affecter leurs différentes composantes : le cadre de l’aventure, sa représentation esthétique, son orientation narrative et ses enjeux idéologiques. Sans nous interdire de convoquer d’autres contes, nous tenterons d’étudier ce changement de paradigme à partir des réécritures des deux contes de Perrault dont les personnages sont des enfants : « Le Petit Chaperon rouge » et « Le Petit Poucet », ainsi que celles du conte des Grimm voisin du second, « Hänsel et Gretel ». Il arrive que le cadre urbain trouve sa justification dans l’adoption du genre littéraire du polar, mais le corpus réuni, composé pour l’essentiel d’albums, plus rarement de romans et de pièces de théâtre, révèle un certain nombre de constantes : le choix de grandes métropoles, comme New-York ; la modernisation urbaine et ses travers : concentration de l’habitat, embouteillages, pollution ; les contrastes entre luxe et misère ; les lieux interlopes, la banlieue, la « jungle des villes ». Revisités à cette aune, les contes renouvellent le discours sur l’enfance, sur les dangers auxquels elle est confrontée, sur les espoirs dont elle reste porteuse. Mots-clés : contes, réécritures, urbanisation, enfance, famille, écologie
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ADJAKPA, Tchékpo Théodore. "EFFETS SOCIO-ECONOMIQUES ET ENVIRONNEMENTAUX DE LA CONSTRUCTION DE LA ZONE INDUSTRIELLE DE GLO-DJIGBE (GDIZ) DANS LES COMMUNES RURALES DE ZE ET DE TORI- BOSSITO." Journal de Géographie Rurale Appliquée et Développement (J_GRAD) 5, no. 2 (2025): 63–77. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14673351.
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La construction de la Zone Industrielle de Glo-Djigbé (GDIZ) affecte les conditions de vie des populations des Communes deZè et de Tori-Bossito. La présente recherche vise à étudier les effets socio-économiques et environnementaux de l’industrieinstallée. L’approche méthodologique utilisée repose sur la recherche documentaire et les enquêtes de terrain dans le milieud’étude. Il s’en est suivi le traitement des données et l’analyse des résultats à travers le modèle SWOT. Les résultats montrent que la construction de la GDIZ a engendré l’électrification rurale selon (40 %) des individus enquêtés, la construction des voies bitumées selon (15 %) des individus enquêtés, l’implantation de cabines de transfert d’argent selon (30 %) des individus enquêtés, de stations-services selon (5 %) des individus enquêtés, d’écoles et de collèges privés dans les villages environnants selon (10 %) des individus enquêtés. Cependant, la construction de la GDIZ a entrainé la détérioration des revenus selon (30 %) des individus enquêtés, l’endettement selon (21 %) des individus enquêtés, l’incapacité des producteurs à subvenir aux besoins selon (17 %) des individus enquêtés et l’exode rural selon (15 %) des individus enquêtés ainsi que la destruction totale des champs. De plus, l'aménagement de la GDIZ serait plus concentré où la végétation arbustive ou arborée disparaitra en 2050. Toutes les formations végétales naturelles et les autres unités d’occupation du sol connaîtront une transformation en 2050 sous l’effet des pressions anthropiques. Face à cette situation, les producteurs font recours à d’autres champs ailleurs (52 %), changent d’activité (25 %) et demande d’assistance (10 %). Plusieurs mesures de renforcement ont été proposées.
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Tanotra, Ritika, and Monisha Poojary. ""Why Should I Move to the Countryside?": Exploring New Attempts for Fostering Inclusion in Rural Communities." Canadian Ethnic Studies 56, no. 3 (2024): 145–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ces.2024.a939619.
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Abstract: In 2019, the Canadian government deployed the Rural and Northern Immigration Pilot (RNIP). The program provides a pathway to permanent residency for skilled immigrant workers. It aims to address key challenges associated with labour market shortages that are a result of increasing retirement populations, declining birthrates, and the "exodus" of youth to urban cities (Bousmah and Grenier 2022). Unlike other programs, the RNIP aims to attract newcomers through a "community economic development-driven model" where local employers and community partners aid newcomers in securing suitable employment and providing services and mentorships to encourage inclusion and long-term settlement (IRCC 2022a). Although pathways to permanent residency provided through pilot programs can be attractive, their effectiveness in retaining skilled workers within underpopulated rural regions remains understudied. Using content analysis, this paper examines the implementation of the RNIP in Ontario (specifically North Bay, Sault Ste. Marie, Sudbury, Thunder Bay, and Timmins). Using federal and region-specific websites and community reports, we employ a case study approach to compare strategies and community initiatives relative to the needs of each region. We analyze how these regions are implementing this "community economic development-driven model" and question whether these measures are successful in creating feelings of belonging and inclusion among immigrants – factors we argue are essential for long-term settlement. Without addressing reasons for why long-term settlement may be unattractive and difficult for locals within these communities, newcomers that aim to settle in these regions may experience challenges that remain unrecognized. Overall, we consider whether community membership and long-term settlement can be adequately addressed through the implementation of such pilot programs. Résumé: En 2019, le gouvernement canadien a déployé le Projet pilote d'immigration dans les régions rurales et du Nord (PPIRN). Le programme offre une voie d'accès à la résidence permanente pour les immigrants travailleurs qualifiés. Il vise à relever les principaux défis liés aux pénuries de main-d'œuvre qui résultent de l'augmentation des populations de retraités, de la baisse du taux de natalité et de l'« exode » des jeunes vers les villes (Bousmah et Grenier 2022). Contrairement à d'autres programmes, le PPIRN vise à attirer les nouveaux arrivants par le biais d'un « modèle axé sur le développement économique communautaire » dans lequel les employeurs locaux et les partenaires communautaires aident les nouveaux arrivants à trouver un emploi convenable et à fournir des services et des mentorats pour encourager l'inclusion et l'établissement à long terme (IRCC 2022a). Bien que les voies d'accès à la résidence permanente offertes par les programmes pilotes puissent être attrayantes, leur efficacité pour retenir les travailleurs qualifiés dans les régions rurales souspeuplées reste sous-étudiée. À l'aide d'une analyse de contenu, cet article examine la mise en œuvre du PPIRN en Ontario (plus précisément à North Bay, Sault Ste. Marie, Sudbury, Thunder Bay et Timmins). À l'aide de sites Internet fédéraux et régionaux et de rapports communautaires, nous utilisons une approche d'étude de cas pour comparer les stratégies et les initiatives communautaires par rapport aux besoins de chaque région. Nous analysons la manière dont ces régions mettent en œuvre ce « modèle axé sur le développement économique communautaire » et nous nous demandons si ces mesures parviennent à créer un sentiment d'appartenance et d'inclusion chez les immigrants – des facteurs qui, selon nous, sont essentiels à l'établissement à long terme. Si l'on ne se penche pas sur les raisons pour lesquelles l'installation à long terme peut être peu attrayante et difficile pour les habitants de ces communautés, les nouveaux arrivants qui cherchent à s'installer dans ces régions risquent de rencontrer des difficultés qui ne sont pas reconnues. Dans l'ensemble, nous nous demandons si l'appartenance à une communauté et l'établissement à long terme peuvent être traités de manière adéquate par la mise en œuvre de ces programmes pilotes.
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SARRA, Mamadou, Souleymane S. TRAORE, Thierno SARR, and Mamy SOUMARE. "Manifestations of climate variability and change perceived by lowland producers in the rural commune of Doumanaba in Mali." African Scientific Journal Vol 3, N° 12 (2022): 141. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6794328.
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<strong>Résumé </strong> Au Mali, la variabilité et le changement climatiques constituent une grande menace. Le secteur de l’agriculture est fortement exposé aux aléas climatiques. Cette étude a pour but d’analyser la perception paysanne au changement climatique dans la commune de Doumanaba en vue de contribuer à une exploitation durable des bas-fonds. Elle a permis d’enquêter individuellement cent quatre-vingt (180) producteurs dans les quatre villages qui exploitent le bas-fond et de faire une séance de « focus group » par village. Pour compléter cette étude, des analyses climatiques ont été effectuées avec les séries de précipitation et des températures de 1960 à 2020 de la station synoptique de Sikasso afin de les comparer avec la perception paysanne. Les phénomènes climatiques perçus par les enquêtés sont la variabilité spatio-temporelle des précipitations, la sécheresse au début de la saison, la hausse des températures et les inondations plus fréquentes. L’analyse de la série des précipitations a révélé un retour des conditions d’humidité à partir des années 2002 jusqu’à 2020. La température maximale, bien que stable sur la période 1960-2020, présente une tendance à la hausse sur la période 2000-2020 alors que la température minimale a augmenté de 1,69°C sur la période 1987 à 2020. Les impacts qui en découlent se résument à la baisse potentielle de rendement et des revenus. Face à cette situation, les stratégies d’adaptation adoptés par les paysans sont les aménagements hydro-agricoles, le maraichage, l’utilisation des variétés tolérantes et l’exode rural. <strong>Mots clés : </strong>Bas-fond, variabilité, changement climatique, perception, stratégie d’adaptation. <strong>Abstract </strong> In Mali, climate variability and change are a major threat. The agricultural sector is highly exposed to climatic hazards. This study aims to analyze farmer perception of climate change, in the municipality of Doumanaba, in order to contribute to a sustainable use of lowlands. A survey of one hundred and eighty (180) farmer was conducted in the four villages. Cumulatively one “focus group discussion” (FGD) session was held in each the four villages that exploit the lowland. To complete this study, climatic analyzes were carried out with precipitation and temperatures data from 1960 to 2020 from Sikasso meteorological station in order to compare the climate trend with the farmer perception. The climatic phenomena perceived by the respondents are the spatio-temporal variability of rainfall, drought spell at the beginning of the rainy season, rising temperatures and more frequent floods. The analysis of the precipitation time series revealed a return of wet conditions from the years 2002 to 2020. The maximum temperature, although stable over the period 1960-2020, showed an upward trend over the period 2000-2020 while the minimum temperature increased by 1.69°C over the period 1987 to 2020. The resulting impacts was a decrease of crop yield and farmer income. In line with this situation, the adaptation strategies adopted by the farmers are hydro-agricultural developments, market gardening, the use of tolerant varieties and rural migration. <strong>Keywords : </strong>Lowlands, variability, climate change, perception, adaptation strategy.
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NDOUYANG, BALGUESSAM Bruno, EZE Donatien EZE, Cosmas Bernard MEKA'A, NOUFESSIE Astride Claudel NJIEPUE, and Jean ZRA. "LES DÉTERMINANTS DES PRIX DES LOGEMENTS: UNE ÉTUDE AU SEIN DE LA COMMUNAUTE ÉCONOMIQUE ET MONETAIRE DE L'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (CEMAC)." REVUE ECONOMIE ET SOCIETE 1, no. 2 (2022): 90–114. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7003298.
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L’objet de cet article est d’étudier les déterminants des prix des logements au sein de la Communauté Économique et Monétaire de l’Afrique Centrale (CEMAC). L’accessibilité à cette commodité de base, qu’est le logement, est une préoccupation socioéconomique majeure qui fournit de l’intérêt à savoir ce qui en détermine les prix. En référence à la littérature théorique et empirique, et selon la disponibilité des données, 17 déterminants potentiels ont été retenus et testés, dont 8 démographiques et institutionnels assez originaux, tels : l’urbanisation, l’exode rural, l’immigration, la stabilité politique, le niveau de corruption, la lutte anti-corruption, la régulation, le développement de l’enseignement supérieur. L’un des déterminants économiques, le niveau retardé des prix des logements, peu couru, fait grand intérêt dans cette étude. Les estimations économétriques ont été conduites par les Moindres Carrés Généralisés (MCG). Les résultats de l’estimation du modèle à effets fixes ressortent la croissance démographique, le crédit au secteur privé, l’urbanisation et la régulation ; tandis que ceux du modèle à effets aléatoires soutiennent la significativité de l’urbanisation et la lutte anti-corruption. De la manière la plus significative, cependant, et pour les deux estimations, les prix des logements s’autodéterminent, gouvernés par leurs valeurs retardées. Ces résultats parlent en faveur d’une régulation effective du secteur des logements afin d’y maîtriser les tendances véreuses des propriétaires potentiellement en abus de pouvoir de marché.
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Gates, Christopher, Carl Shultz, William Phillip Petros, et al. "Association of genetic variants and survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia in rural Appalachia." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (2022): e19022-e19022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e19022.
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e19022 Background: Many previous population health studies examining adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are derived from national databases within large urban centers. To address the concern of under-representation of rural Appalachian population in cancer genomic databases, we performed exploratory whole exome sequencing in patients with newly diagnosed AML. As the only stem cell transplantation center in the state, WVU is uniquely situated to capture most of these patients from the state and surrounding area. Due to its unique industry and environmental exposures, we hypothesized that WV may have both different rates of mutations and differing outcomes than the nation as a whole. Methods: We performed whole exome sequencing on 26 patients with newly diagnosed AML from paired bone marrow and buccal samples that were obtained from 2015 to 2017. Whole exome sequencing libraries were prepared using Agilent SureSelect Human Whole Exome technology. The libraries were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq1500 sequencer using paired end runs. Correlations between genetic variants and clinical outcome variables were examined via retrospective chart review. Variables measured included association between biomarker data and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Median patient age was 68 years and women represented 10 of the patients (37%). Twenty-one patients had de novo AML (84%), 3 patients had preceding MDS (12%), and 1 patient had therapy-related AML (4%). As per ELN criteria, 8 patients were favorable (32%), 12 were intermediate (48%), and 5 were adverse risk (20%). Eight patients proceeded to transplant with the following donors: 4 MUD (50%), DUCB (37.5%), and 1 haploidentical (12.5%). The median PFS and OS were 16.5 months and 26.6 months, respectively. Tobacco use was the largest known exposure with 7 patients. We noted a similar mutational trend compared to national TCGA data, except for an increased tumor mutation burden and higher frequency of the following mutations as seen in Table. Neither MUC3A or MUC5AC were identified in the TCGA database. Of our five patients with BCOR mutations, two had a co-existing FLT3-ITD mutation, one of which also had a NPM1 mutation. Two patients had secondary AML, while the other 3 had de novo disease. The median OS was 63 days. While not statistically significant, BCOR mutation was trending toward a poor prognostic indicator.Conclusions: Despite our small patient cohort, the findings provide further assessment of predisposing detrimental mutations in AML in the Appalachian region and associated survival outcomes.[Table: see text]
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SHI, Xiayan. "On Narrative Ethics of Xiao Jianghong’s Novels." Asia-Pacific Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2023): 050–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.53789/j.1653-0465.2023.0301.007.
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Narrative ethics is the ethical feelings conveyed in the narration of novels, which provides a new perspective for the study of novels to transcend the traditional moral criticism and narrative form analysis and to interweave narrative and ethics. Xiao Jianghong’s novels narrate stories with ethical significance, and discuss the ethical issues of countryside and city, tradition and modernity, “change” and “ invariance” and exude a unique “divine” temperament. With the help of ethical writing in the narration of the novel, XiaoJianghong sensitively touches on the life predicament of the characters on the edge of urban and rural areas in Guizhou, and this writing has injected vitality into the creation of local Chinese novels.
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Heuclin, Jean. "La laïcisation des écoles en Avesnois-Thiérache au xix e siècle." Revue du Nord N° 447, no. 4 (2024): 255–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rdn.1447.0255.
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L’espace frontalier de l’Avesnois-Thiérache, marqué par l’Histoire, a conduit sa population rurale, individualiste, malthusienne et volontiers frondeuse, à ne compter que sur elle-même. À l’issue de la Révolution, c’est une terre de mission pour les frères des Écoles chrétiennes et les sœurs de Sainte-Thérèse d’Avesnes. L’esprit républicain s’y réveille vers 1848 mais la prospérité du Second Empire assure avec l’enseignement congréganiste bien implanté ordre, moralité et stabilité. Le processus de laïcisation des écoles communales s’engage à partir de 1880, par un jeu de substitution d’un personnel congréganiste vieillissant remplacé par les jeunes cohortes des instituteurs normaliens. Mais aussi par l’édification de bâtiments nouveaux par les conseils municipaux devenus majoritairement républicains. Dans les zones industrialisées et plus peuplées, la laïcisation suscite en réaction la création d’écoles libres entretenues par des notables locaux. L’interdiction des congrégations conduit ensuite à un exode vers la Belgique proche.
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M, Roshni, Dharani V, Hampi Ch, Madhu Priya G, and Ramesh M. "Android Application For Handcrafts Goods." International Journal of Engineering Research in Computer Science and Engineering 9, no. 5 (2022): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ijercse/09.05.art002.
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The goal of this project is just to create a model that will assist craftsmen in selling their services. Our app gives a platform to the sellers that they can give their information about product details and their delivery service. The main goal of our app is to help sellers as Handicraft’s people face many issues to sell their products. Indian artisans, typically manufactured by rural craftsmen, exude a certain charm of their own handiwork that has always been praised around the world for its vibrant colour schemes and fine craftsmanship. Rural units, often known as cottage industries, create 78.2percent of all crafts grown in the country. They represent the artistic representation of the producers, both women and men, and are grounded in India's traditions and social history. Around 77percent of artisans are self-employed, with the rest 23% working as daily workers. They must rely on exhibitions, tourism seasons, and the weather to make a living. But based on present pandemic situations one should follow the safety precautions as well as government guidelines so, it is impossible to run the exhibitions in large crowds. so that handicrafts men face several issues to sell their products. so by using our app they can sell their goods in a friendly way. It is a platform where a seller can sell his products on his own and there is no third-party involvement directly; the profit will be taken by the seller.
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Constantino-Silva, Rosemeire N., Sandro F. Perazzio, Nicolas de Albuquerque Weidebach, and Anete S. Grumach. "Functional Defect of Neutrophils Causing Dermatophytosis: Case Report." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 4 (2020): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6040238.
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Background: NADPH-oxidase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) play an important role on defense against pathogenic microorganisms. Defects on these mechanisms have been described in association with recurrent infections due to such as Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. We describe a patient with partial disturbance of intracellular microorganism destruction clinically manifested by recurrent fungal infection. Case report and results: A 58-year-old male rural farmer has suffered with superficial mycosis affecting hands, nails and right ankle persisting for 20 years. He was treated with several antifungal drugs with no improvement. Mycological scraping isolated Trichophyton rubrum. Immunological evaluation showed impaired T cell proliferation to Candidin and impaired neutrophil burst oxidative after specific stimulation with Candida albicans. The patient’s DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes for whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis. Two heterozygous variants of undetermined significance were screened accordingly: (1) MPO A332V (c.995G>A; rs28730837); and (2) NCF1 G83R (c.247G>A; rs139225348). Conclusions: Functional leukocyte evaluation with heterozygous variants in MPO and NCF1 suggest that these defects were associated with the susceptibility to dermatophytosis in our patient. We have developed a fast, effective and safe trial for screening individuals with yeast infections.
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Widuri, Ananda Wahyu Puspa, Syihabul Khoir, Darni Darni, Vira Yunita, and Sijie Li. "Analisis stilistika antologi puisi Li Bai dan Sudi Yatmana: Teori Northrop Frye." Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 7, no. 3 (2024): 537–50. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v7i3.983.
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The aim of this research is to analyze the stylistic elements and imagery in the poems of Li Bai and Sudi Yatmana using Northrop Frye's theory, and to understand how these elements convey meaning and nuance in their works. The research employs a stylistic approach with a descriptive-qualitative design. Data were collected from offline sources (books, notes, archives) and online sources (digital), categorized into primary data (poems by Li Bai) and secondary data (books by Sudi Yatmana). The findings indicate that Li Bai's poems, such as 静夜思 Jìngyè sī, 月下独酌 Yuè xià dúzhuó, and 早发帝城 Zǎo fā bái dì chéng, use poetic language rich in personification and metaphor to depict deep feelings towards nature and philosophical contemplation. In contrast, Sudi Yatmana's poems, such as Paman Tani Jawa Purwa, Nandur Pari Jero, and Panen, are more realistic, portraying the everyday lives of farmers with vivid details and a profound appreciation for the human-nature relationship. This analysis demonstrates that Li Bai's works exude romanticism and introspection, while Yatmana's poems highlight the cultural richness and agricultural life of rural Java.
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Bajaj, Shruti, Simran Thawani, Gayatri Iyer, Phani N. Setty, Mahesh Kore, and Vilas Jadhav. "Telegenetics aids the diagnosis of Hunter syndrome caused due to a novel IDS variant in rural India, during COVID-19 pandemic." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 9, no. 9 (2022): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20222126.
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The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an expanded application of telemedicine globally. This enhanced connectivity also opened newer arenas of availability of super-specialty consultations in remote India. The current report highlights the details of a 15-month-old boy from a rural Maharashtra who was diagnosed with Hunter syndrome (HS i.e., mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS-II) via hybrid model of consultation involving telemedicine. The child was first evaluated by a paediatrician in-person, when he was suspected to have one of the MPS subtypes. This was followed by a virtual and an in-person consultation with the clinical geneticist, following which the suspicion for MPS was sharpened further. Exome sequencing identified a novel insertion in IDS gene c.1080_1081insGAATAA, p.Ile360_Phe361insGluTer confirming HS. The mother was identified to be a carrier for this X-linked disorder. The family was counselled about their available reproductive options for the future. The option of enzyme replacement therapy, as a potential lease of life, for improvement of the somatic symptoms, quality and longevity of life, was offered. However, due to the exorbitant lifelong expense that ERT entailed and the lifelong, weekly-injection schedule; the family declined this option. The report highlights the diagnostic journey of a child with HS, which spanned over barely two months following presentation to the specialist. It demonstrates how prudent integration of telemedicine services in resource-limited and pandemic-challenged settings, can help truncate the diagnostic odysseys often borne by patients of rare diseases. It also calls for attention to fill the existing gaps in meaningful healthcare directed towards rare diseases.
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Ge, Yan, Ding Ding, Guoxing Zhu, et al. "Genetic variants in incident SUDEP cases from a community-based prospective cohort with epilepsy." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 91, no. 2 (2019): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-321983.
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ObjectiveSudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is a leading cause of epilepsy-related mortality in young adults. It has been suggested that SUDEP may kill over 20 000 people with epilepsy in China yearly. The aetiology of SUDEP is unclear. Little is known about candidate genes for SUDEP in people of Chinese origin as most studies have ascertained this in Caucasians. No candidate genes for SUDEP in Chinese people have been identified.MethodsWe performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in DNA samples collected from five incident cases of SUDEP identified in a large epilepsy cohort in rural China. We filtered rare variants identified from these cases as well as screened for SUDEP, epilepsy, heart disease or respiratory disease-related genes from previous published reports and compared them with publicly available data, living epilepsy controls and ethnicity-match non-epilepsy controls, to identify potential candidate genes for SUDEP.ResultsAfter the filtering process, the five cases carried 168 qualified mutations in 167 genes. Among these genetic anomalies, we identified rare variants in SCN5A (1/5:20% in our cases), KIF6 (1/5:20% in our cases) and TBX18 (1/5:20% in our cases) which were absent in 330 living epilepsy control alleles from the same original cohort and 320 ethnicity-match non-epilepsy control alleles.ConclusionsThese three genes were previously related to heart disease, providing support to the hypothesis that underlying heart disorder may be a driver of SUDEP risk.
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Tosha Gatson, Na, Jesse Manikowski, Shane Bross, et al. "MNGI-14. PROGNOSTIC FEATURES OF MALIGNANT MENINGIOMA: EVALUATION OF AGGRESSIVE MENINGIOMAS WITHIN A LARGE RURAL HOSPITAL SYSTEM DATABASE AND FIRST REPORT OF A METASTATIC CHORDOID MENINGIOMA TO THE LUNG." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (2019): vi142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.596.
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Abstract Meningiomas comprise 37% of primary brain tumors, arise extra-axially from the arachnoid cap cells, and are typically identified by classic imaging and histopathologic features. Blacks, females, and people age 65+ have higher incidence rate - partially correlated with hormonal states, high body mass index, and known genetic predispositions. Prognostication is otherwise based on histopathologic findings and 90% of meningiomas are classified as benign (WHO grade I). Despite use of these prognostic tools, clinicians often observe a more divergent post-operative clinical course. While several pre-clinical studies have identified putative oncogenic influencers, many have failed to show correlation in human trials. Here, we evaluate a single institutional meningioma database stratified by geodemographic and clinical data to identify novel integrated prognostic indicators for aggressive tumor natural history. Our database contains 3,528 image-confirmed meningiomas between 1992–2019. This report focused on 415 pathology-confirmed cases between 2006–2019: WHO grades I, II, III were 73% (n=303), 25% (n=103), and 2% (n=9) respectively, 71% female predominance (n=294), median age at diagnosis 57-years-old, and 97.5% were white race. Thus far, full exome sequencing has been completed on >50% of cases and >80% have available tumor tissue for future testing as part of this rural Pennsylvania database with high incident aggressive and/or multiply recurrent meningiomas. We selected four representative cases to compare post-operative prognostication to observed clinical outcomes and provide molecular/genetic, histopathologic, treatment modality, comorbid, and other clinical features associated with morbidity/mortality. Included in this patient review is the first reported case of a rare (< 1%) chordoid meningioma, multiply recurrent despite 8-years of aggressive treatment modalities, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and androgen-blockade, with eventual extracranial metastasis to the lung, a meningiocarcinoma, if you will. Thorough interrogation of the completed database could yield novel predictive indicators of clinically aggressive meningiomas and guide clinical decision-making for optimized surveillance in high-risk patients.
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Savatt, Juliann M., Alicia Johns, Marci L. B. Schwartz, et al. "Testing and Management of Iron Overload After Genetic Screening–Identified Hemochromatosis." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 10 (2023): e2338995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.38995.
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ImportanceHFE gene–associated hereditary hemochromatosis type 1 (HH1) is underdiagnosed, resulting in missed opportunities for preventing morbidity and mortality.ObjectiveTo assess whether screening for p.Cys282Tyr homozygosity is associated with recognition and management of asymptomatic iron overload.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study obtained data from the Geisinger MyCode Community Health Initiative, a biobank of biological samples and linked electronic health record data from a rural, integrated health care system. Participants included those who received a p.Cys282Tyr homozygous result via genomic screening (MyCode identified), had previously diagnosed HH1 (clinically identified), and those negative for p.Cys282Tyr homozygosity between 2017 and 2018. Data were analyzed from April 2020 to August 2023.ExposureDisclosure of a p.Cys282Tyr homozygous result.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPostdisclosure management and HFE-associated phenotypes in MyCode-identified participants were analyzed. Rates of HFE-associated phenotypes in MyCode-identified participants were compared with those of clinically identified participants. Relevant laboratory values and rates of laboratory iron overload among participants negative for p.Cys282Tyr homozygosity were compared with those of MyCode-identified participants.ResultsA total of 86 601 participants had available exome sequences at the time of analysis, of whom 52 994 (61.4%) were assigned female at birth, and the median (IQR) age was 62.0 (47.0-73.0) years. HFE p.Cys282Tyr homozygosity was disclosed to 201 participants, of whom 57 (28.4%) had a prior clinical HH1 diagnosis, leaving 144 participants who learned of their status through screening. There were 86 300 individuals negative for p.Cys282Tyr homozygosity. After result disclosure, among MyCode-identified participants, 99 (68.8%) had a recommended laboratory test and 36 (69.2%) with laboratory or liver biopsy evidence of iron overload began phlebotomy or chelation. Fifty-three (36.8%) had iron overload; rates of laboratory iron overload were higher in MyCode-identified participants than participants negative for p.Cys282Tyr homozygosity (females: 34.1% vs 2.1%, P &amp;lt; .001; males: 39.0% vs 2.9%, P &amp;lt; .001). Iron overload (females: 34.1% vs 79.3%, P &amp;lt; .001; males: 40.7% vs 67.9%, P = .02) and some liver-associated phenotypes were observed at lower frequencies in MyCode-identified participants compared with clinically identified individuals.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this cross-sectional study showed the ability of genomic screening to identify undiagnosed iron overload and encourage relevant management, suggesting the potential benefit of population screening for HFE p.Cys282Tyr homozygosity. Further studies are needed to examine the implications of genomic screening for health outcomes and cost-effectiveness.
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Savatt, Juliann M., Melissa A. Kelly, Amy C. Sturm, et al. "Genomic Screening at a Single Health System." JAMA Network Open 8, no. 3 (2025): e250917. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.0917.
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ImportanceCompletion of the Human Genome Project prompted predictions that genomics would transform medicine, including through genomic screening that identifies potentially medically actionable findings that could prevent disease, detect it earlier, or treat it better. However, genomic screening remains anchored in research and largely unavailable as part of routine care.ObjectiveTo summarize 11 years of experience with genomic screening and explore the landscape of genomic screening efforts.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was based in Geisinger’s MyCode Community Health Initiative, a genomic screening program in a rural Pennsylvania health care system in which patient-participants exomes are analyzed.Main Outcomes and MeasuresGenomic screen-positive rates were evaluated and stratified by condition type (cancer, cardiovascular, other) and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Tier 1 designation. The proportion of participants previously unaware of their genomic result was assessed. Other large-scale population-based genomic screening efforts with genomic results disclosure were compiled from public resources.ResultsA total of 354 957 patients participated in Geisinger’s genomic screening program (median [IQR] age, 54 [36-69] years; 194 037 [59.7%] assigned female sex at birth). As of June 2024, 175 500 participants had exome sequencing available for analysis, and 5934 participants (3.4%) had a pathogenic variant in 81 genes known to increase risk for disease. Between 2013 and July 2024, 5119 results were disclosed to 5052 eligible participants, with 2267 (44.2%) associated with risk for cardiovascular disease, 2031 (39.7%) with risk for cancer, and 821 (16.0%) with risk for other conditions. Most results (3040 [59.4%]) were in genes outside of those with a CDC Tier 1 designation. Nearly 90% of participants (4425 [87.6%]) were unaware of their genomic risk prior to disclosure. In a survey of large-scale biobanks with genomic and electronic health record (EHR) data, only 25.0% (6 of 24) disclosed potentially actionable genomic results.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this large, genomics-informed cohort study from a single health system, 1 in 30 participants had a potentially actionable genomic finding. However, nearly 90% were unaware of their risk prior to screening, demonstrating the utility of genomic screening in identifying at-risk individuals. Most large-scale biobanks with genomic and EHR data did not return genomic results with potential medical relevance, missing opportunities to significantly improve genomic risk ascertainment for these individuals and to perform longitudinal studies of clinical and implementation outcomes in diverse settings.
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Habib, Alma, Isaiah Boateng, Deedra Nicolet, et al. "Characterization of Comparative Clinical Outcomes and Molecular Features of Black Patients with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) Reveals Similar Survival and Distinct Genomic Profiles." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (2023): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-182376.
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Introduction: Although APL, a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), is an aggressive disease, its treatment was revolutionized with combination all- trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO), making APL a highly curable malignancy. Molecularly, APL is characterized by t(15;17) resulting in PML:: RARA gene fusion as disease-initiating event and by several recurrent gene mutations (eg, FLT3) identified in previous studies. In AML, prior studies have established inferior overall survival (OS) of Black versus White AML patients (pts) in both population-based analyses and clinical trials, found a negative prognostic impact of higher social deprivation (SDI), and characterized differences in frequencies and impact of disease-associated gene mutations. Herein, we compared OS of Black and White APL pts and evaluated genomic landscape of Black pts, which has not been comprehensively assessed to date. Methods: For nationwide population analysis, 2 sets of cancer registries were included in the Surveillance Epidemiology End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute to identify 829 adults diagnosed with de novo APL (confirmed by cytogenetic and/or molecular findings) in 1995-2019. To assess survival in the setting of clinical trials, we analyzed 249 pts treated on historic frontline Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB)/Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology (Alliance) trials with or without inclusion of ATRA (CALGB 9191, 1992-1995; CALGB 9710, 1999-2005). For Alliance pts, neighborhood SDI was assigned based on pt-reported residence zip code and classified as low (1-25, n=33) or high deprivation (26-100, n=95). OS was analyzed separately for pts diagnosed before and after 2012 to account for treatment advances with ATRA/ATO. To assess molecular features, we performed integrated genomic profiling (paired tumor/normal whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing) on 31 Black APL Alliance pts (9/31 completed, with complete results to be presented at the Annual Meeting). Results: On a population level using SEER data, 3-year (3y) OS significantly improved from 65% for cases diagnosed in 1995-2012 to 75% in those diagnosed after 2012 (p=&lt;0.001), concordant with ATRA/ATO use. Notably, OS of Black and White pts did not differ significantly before or after 2012. This held true in race-specific findings for median household income, Yost index and urban/rural status; none of which significantly associated with OS. Older age was the only parameter associated with OS (3y rates, 1995-2012: &lt;40y, 79%; 40-59y, 71%; ≥60y, 44%; and 2012-2019: &lt;40y, 92%; 40-59y, 80%; ≥60y, 56%). Again, OS of Black and White pts did not differ within age groups. Likewise, OS of Black and White APL pts treated in a relatively controlled setting of clinical trials was not significantly different. As in population-based findings, OS improved over time and with ATRA addition (3y OS rates, 1992-1995, 66%; 1999-2005, 85%), and older age was a strong negative OS predictor (p&lt;0.001). When comparing OS of pts treated on clinical trials with population-based OS, trial pts had a longer 3y OS (84% vs 64%, p&lt;0.001). Notably, pts with SDI &gt;25 (n=95) had a worse OS than pts with SDI &lt;25 (n=33, p=0.03). On a molecular level, preliminary results of whole-exome sequencing (finalized for 9/31 Black pts) showed frequent mutations in FLT3 (5/9 pts), a known APL-associated event, but also revealed several recurrent gene mutations not reported in prior APL sequencing efforts, which were almost exclusively based on White pts, including mutations in DPP6, GOLA6L, NLGN2 and SP8 (found in ≥2 pts). Intriguingly, CALR mutations were found in 3/9 pts. Mutations in FLT3 and CALR were mutually exclusive and found in 8/9 pts, with the remaining pt harboring a SORBS2 mutation. Conclusions: In contrast to most cancer types, including AML, there was no OS disparity with respect to race in APL pts, both in population-based analyses and in the setting of historic clinical trials. Older age and residence with high SDI (&gt;25) were negative OS predictors. Molecularly, our pilot data reveal existence of ancestry-associated differences in driver mutations, suggesting that FLT3 and CALR mutations represent necessary proliferative signals in addition to PML:: RARA-driven differentiation arrest. Support: U10CA180821, U10CA180882, U24CA196171; Clinicaltrials.gov IDs: NCT00048958, NCT00899223, NCT00900224; https://acknowledgments.alliancefound.org
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Gor, Asutosh S., Kashyap B. Patel, Viral Rabara, and Natasha Clinton. "The role of real-world evidence (RWE) registries using NGS testing to address cancer health disparities (CHD) in small community oncology practices." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (2022): e18519-e18519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e18519.
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e18519 Background: CHD may result from multiple factors, including access to care, screening, and clinical trials; limited uptake of biomarker and next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing; and unfavorable social determinants of health. CHD may contribute to almost 34% of deaths among adult cancer patients and additional spending of $230 billion. Addressing CHD could result in an indirect savings of as much as $1 trillion over 3 years (AACR, CDR, 2020). Biomarker testing enables the option of targeted treatment, providing better outcomes and reduced toxicity. The NGS testing rate is very low in some regions and among minority populations, and underuse worsens disparities. Carolina Blood and Cancer Care Associates (CBCCA) has created best practices to improve biomarker testing and provide standard-of-care treatment in advanced cancer. Methods: As a part of a pledge to decrease CHD, CBCCA partnered with 2 national NGS testing vendors to create a RWE registry to identify appropriate patients and provide access to NGS biomarker tests for somatic mutations, including whole exome sequencing (WES). Liquid biopsy was made available when tissue was unavailable. Results: CBCCA has 1 suburban and 1 rural location, with an ethnically diverse population. Regular care was provided for 1466 of the 1786 unique cancer patients seen in 2021, and 442 participated in a RWE registry. Nonparticipants were survivors having routine follow-up care (n = 512), patients with early-stage or noninvasive disease (510), or patients who refused testing because they were responding to ongoing treatment or had reservations. NGS testing was obtained for 354 patients, 31% of whom were members of ethnic minority groups. Liquid biopsy was used for 133 samples, and the remaining 221 were analyzed with somatic NGS panels or WES. Of the liquid biopsies, 24 patients had actionable mutations; an additional 52 had findings of germline implications. Actionable mutations that could be treated with an FDA-approved drug were identified using tissue-based NGS testing in 38 pt. In tissue-based testing, WES detected more results with germline implications, compared to somatic testing alone. Another 64 tests found mutations treatable with an approved drug in another tumor type. The NGS and biomarker testing rate (either tissue or liquid biopsy) was 84% of eligible pt. Of the patients tested with NGS, clinically actionable variants that could be treated with an approved agent were found in 23% (same tumor type) and 28% (another tumor type). Another 40% of patients had results with germline implications, of which P53 deletion was the most common finding. Conclusions: It is feasible to increase the NGS testing rate in appropriate situations. In this study, actionable mutations impacting treatment selection were found in up to 25% of patients where targeted therapy could be offered.
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Gor, Asutosh S., Kashyap B. Patel, Viral Rabara, and Natasha Clinton. "The role of real-world evidence (RWE) registries using NGS testing to address cancer health disparities (CHD) in small community oncology practices." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (2022): e18519-e18519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e18519.
Full textAbstract:
e18519 Background: CHD may result from multiple factors, including access to care, screening, and clinical trials; limited uptake of biomarker and next-generation sequencing (NGS) testing; and unfavorable social determinants of health. CHD may contribute to almost 34% of deaths among adult cancer patients and additional spending of $230 billion. Addressing CHD could result in an indirect savings of as much as $1 trillion over 3 years (AACR, CDR, 2020). Biomarker testing enables the option of targeted treatment, providing better outcomes and reduced toxicity. The NGS testing rate is very low in some regions and among minority populations, and underuse worsens disparities. Carolina Blood and Cancer Care Associates (CBCCA) has created best practices to improve biomarker testing and provide standard-of-care treatment in advanced cancer. Methods: As a part of a pledge to decrease CHD, CBCCA partnered with 2 national NGS testing vendors to create a RWE registry to identify appropriate patients and provide access to NGS biomarker tests for somatic mutations, including whole exome sequencing (WES). Liquid biopsy was made available when tissue was unavailable. Results: CBCCA has 1 suburban and 1 rural location, with an ethnically diverse population. Regular care was provided for 1466 of the 1786 unique cancer patients seen in 2021, and 442 participated in a RWE registry. Nonparticipants were survivors having routine follow-up care (n = 512), patients with early-stage or noninvasive disease (510), or patients who refused testing because they were responding to ongoing treatment or had reservations. NGS testing was obtained for 354 patients, 31% of whom were members of ethnic minority groups. Liquid biopsy was used for 133 samples, and the remaining 221 were analyzed with somatic NGS panels or WES. Of the liquid biopsies, 24 patients had actionable mutations; an additional 52 had findings of germline implications. Actionable mutations that could be treated with an FDA-approved drug were identified using tissue-based NGS testing in 38 pt. In tissue-based testing, WES detected more results with germline implications, compared to somatic testing alone. Another 64 tests found mutations treatable with an approved drug in another tumor type. The NGS and biomarker testing rate (either tissue or liquid biopsy) was 84% of eligible pt. Of the patients tested with NGS, clinically actionable variants that could be treated with an approved agent were found in 23% (same tumor type) and 28% (another tumor type). Another 40% of patients had results with germline implications, of which P53 deletion was the most common finding. Conclusions: It is feasible to increase the NGS testing rate in appropriate situations. In this study, actionable mutations impacting treatment selection were found in up to 25% of patients where targeted therapy could be offered.
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Swaminathan, Padmapriya, McKenna Deaton, Crystal Hattum, et al. "Abstract 6160: Mutational signatures and their associations with social determinants of health." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (2024): 6160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-6160.
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Abstract Introduction: Mutational signatures, or unique patterns of genetic mutations due to exogenous and endogenous mutational processes, are being continuously identified through the analysis of cancer patients’ genomes. While cancer research has developed and mortality rates have declined, disparities in cancer outcomes have widened. Social determinants of health (SDOH), such as access to health care, education, and economic stability are essential to addressing health equity. While much research is ongoing regarding the identification and etiology of mutational signatures, little work has been published regarding the associations of these signatures with SDOH. Therefore, this study proposes an exploration into the relationships between the presence of mutational signatures and SDOH within an adult pan-cancer patient population. Methods: Variant calls from whole exome sequencing for each patient was used to infer the presence of 58 single base substitution (SBS) mutational signatures. Descriptive statistics were calculated for 455 unique patients. Previously documented associations between primary diagnosis site and distinct signatures were used to validate the predicted signatures in the patient population. Signature profiles were then linked to 208 patient health records with complete SDOH. Logistic regression predicting the presence of each signature was modeled for these patients. Full models for each signature included age, gender, Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) code, tobacco and alcohol usage, education, income, housing condition, and access to healthcare. Stepwise selection was used to determine significant variables. Results: The most common signatures in the complete population (n = 455) were SBS1 (clock-like; 98%) and SBS39 (95%), followed by SBS5 (clock-like; 38%) and SBS22 (aristolochic acid exposure; 36%). However, SBS24 (aflatoxin exposure; p = .019) and SBS7a (UV exposure; p = .002) were significantly more common in lung and skin cancer patients respectively. Each patient had 4.1 signatures on average, with a range of 2-7. The average number of signatures per patient varied significantly by primary diagnosis (ANOVA p = .014). Patients with a vulva/vagina (4.8) or bladder/urinary tract (4.9) diagnosis had the highest number of signatures while those with a liver (3.3) or kidney (3.6) diagnosis had the lowest. Logistic regression models for the population with SDOH (n = 208) showed poor housing condition was associated with SBS4 (tobacco smoking; p = 0.091). Any issue in accessing healthcare was associated with SBS13 (AID/APOBEC; p = 0.114) and SBS21 (MMR; p = 0.076). Greater rurality was associated with SBS16 (p = .144) and SBS21 (p = .107). The relationship was inverse for SBS1 (p = .121). Conclusion: Multiple significant relationships between different SDOH and mutational signatures was revealed, pointing the need to extend this research to larger patient populations with diverse SDOH. Citation Format: Padmapriya Swaminathan, McKenna Deaton, Crystal Hattum, Benjamin Solomon, William Spanos, David Starks, Rachel Elsey, Casey Williams, Tobias Meissner. Mutational signatures and their associations with social determinants of health [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6160.
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Lapite, Ajibike, James Decuir, Bradley E. Aouizerat, Jeremy J. Martinson, Koichi Takahashi, and Katherine Y. King. "Clonal Hematopoiesis: A Global Health Perspective on CH Prevalence in Uganda Versus the United States." Blood 144, Supplement 1 (2024): 5650. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2024-208751.
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Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is an age-related phenomenon in which hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) acquire somatic mutations that confer a survival advantage and thereby clonal dominance. The mutations implicated in CH are in genes that are known drivers of leukemia. CH is considered a hematologic malignancy precursor state: carriers of a CH mutation have a 13-fold increased risk of hematologic malignancy. Interestingly, CH also increases the risk of a number of non-malignant disease states and all-cause mortality. Recent preclinical and clinical studies make clear that CH prevalence can vary due to environmental factors and inflammatory stimuli. Further, the prevalence of CH varies widely between individuals but cannot be explained by differences in the rate of mutation acquisition alone. Our group has previously demonstrated in a mouse model that infection is a driver of CH. This relationship holds true in clinical studies as well: people living with HIV (PLWH) have an increased risk of CH as compared to age-matched controls without HIV. The worldwide distribution of infection is unequal. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) shoulders a significant burden of infections with the highest prevalence of HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis. The impact of geography (endemic infection) on CH prevalence is unknown. We hypothesize that CH is more prevalent in areas of the world with increased burden of endemic infections. Comparison of matched populations in Uganda and the United States will illustrate the impact of infection burden on CH and will provide critical CH prevalence data in this Sub-Saharan population. Additionally, the specific CH mutations in SSA may be different from those previously described in other regions of the world due to genetic ancestry and environmental factors. Our work is uniquely designed to address this gap of knowledge. To determine the impact of geography on CH, we designed a retrospective cohort study to compare CH in PLWH in Uganda with a frequency matched population in the United States. Study participants were selected from two prospective epidemiology studies: MACS/WIHS Combined Cohort Study (MWCCS, United States) and Ugandan AIDS Rural Treatment Outcomes (UARTO, from the AIDS and Cancer Specimen Resource (ACSR) biorepository). We selected participants who were self-reported African American or Black men and women ≥ 40 years of age with confirmed HIV infection and without documented malignancy. Clinical data was provided by MWCCS and the ACSR to include in our analysis. CH was detected via whole exome sequencing. A previously validated somatic mutation calling pipeline was utilized to identify known and novel CH mutations. Mutations with variant allele frequency &gt; 1% were retained for further analysis. Sequencing analysis and sub-analyses are ongoing to determine the prevalence and specific genes mutated in our study population. Of the 750 participants in the UARTO study, 193 were eligible for this study and 172 were included in our analysis. Of the 12,102 participants in MWCCS, 611 were eligible for this study and 178 were included in our analysis. American study participants had a median age of 51 years (IQR: 46.00 -57.00). Ugandan study participants had a median age of 50.1 years (IQR: 46.33 - 54.35). Most of the American study participants (n = 120, 67%) were on antiretroviral therapy at time of sample collection, with median viral load of 478.50 copies/mL (IQR: 35 - 12,383) and CD4 count of 459.50 cells/m3 (IQR: 264.50 - 717.80). All of the Ugandan study participants were on antiretroviral therapy at time of sample collection, with median viral load of 20 copies/mL (IQR: 20 - 20) and CD4 count of 421 cells/m3 (IQR: 308.00 - 547.00). Nearly half (n = 77, 45%) of the Ugandan study participants have documented Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection. The most common self-reported infections for the American study participants were gonorrhea (n = 54, 30%), urethritis (n = 58, 33%), and trichomonas (n = 55, 31%). This study is the first to characterize CH in SSA and provides necessary insight into whether geographical locations with differing burden of infectious disease exposure can impact CH.
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Muhammad Imran Majeed, Syed, and Aisha Mohyuddin. "Human Genetic Research in Pakistan: Challenges and Way forward." Life and Science 2, no. 1 (2021): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.37185/lns.1.1.182.
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The 90s ushered in the era of molecular genetics in Pakistan. Our centuries’ old tradition of consanguineous marriages, resulting in the availability of large, inbred families with inherited disorders, proved to be a goldmine for geneticists, working to discover new genes and their functions. A multitude of novel genes with previously unknown functions were discovered through genetic linkage analysis, a technique that compares the segregations of DNA markers in normal and affected family members to pinpoint the region that contains the suspect gene. The first few landmark publications on linkage analysis in genetic diseases, from Pakistan, identified only the regions harboring the suspected disease genes.1,2 As the field advanced, disease causing mutations segregating in affected family members were identified through Sanger DNA sequencing of candidate genes in the linked region. In the last decade, the advent of high throughput techniques such as whole exome analysis and animal disease modeling, functional genomics studies became an integral of part of such genetic studies. In addition, bioinformatics tools were developed for predictive modeling of the effect of mutations on protein structure.
 The analysis of a single large multigenerational family with a genetic disorder could provide the same information that would be obtained from many small nuclear families, as usually found in developed countries. This allowed Pakistani researchers to attract collaborators from Universities around the world. DNA samples of numerous Pakistani families were sent to labs across the world for analysis, many times accompanied by a PhD student who would typically spend around six months working on those families. Universities developed efficient pipelines, whereby students would find families with genetic diseases, extract DNA and carry out linkage analysis and, in some cases, identify the gene mutations using Sanger sequencing. This led to a significant increase in the number of publications on genetics, from Pakistan. However, despite all the good work carried in the country, no credible effort had been made to build national capacity to carry the work beyond initial mutation screening.
 We lack the ability to conduct good quality high through put –omics analysis and animal model studies within the country. There are several reasons for this. Firstly, the cost of such research is prohibitive. While some institutes have invested in next generation sequencing platforms, these machines are largely underutilized due to high cost of consumables. Lack of adequate funding for reagents, required for genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic studies, is a major roadblock. Secondly, the ease in attracting foreign collaborators to carry out the functional studies in their labs, has made many Pakistani researchers complacent, often, they are happy to be co-authors in research papers without having to go through the pains to set up the required laboratory facilities. Lastly, the bureaucratic processes and red tape, especially in public sector Universities, make procurement of chemicals and consumables, tedious and time consuming, resulting in demotivation of researchers and faculty. There is a need to address these issues, if we wish to move towards self-sufficiency in conducting high level functional genomics and stem the flow of biological samples from Pakistan. 
 While genetic studies in Pakistan have resulted in the discovery of many novel genes, the benefit of these studies is yet to trickle down to the patients. The willingness of the affected families to participate in these studies is crucial. Many affected families belong to far flung rural areas and have no understanding of their disease, how it is inherited or the implications of participating in such research. It is unlikely that families participating in these studies have any immediate benefits and they should be informed at the time of recruitment using common language which they are able to understand. The role of Institutional Ethics and Review Boards, for the protection of study participants and their rights, needs to be strengthened. It is important not to abandon these families after sample collection but to relay the results of the study and counsel them regarding their future options.
 Despite the rapid advances in genetic medical knowledge, our population has yet to reap its benefits. A small step in right direction is the Compulsory Blood Test of the Relatives of Thalassemia Patient Bill-2017, which makes it compulsory for couples to get tested before marrying. However, the scarcity of gene testing facilities and healthcare professionals trained in clinical genetics is an impediment to the implementation of this bill in the true spirit. It is becoming imperative to educate our healthcare professionals regarding the application of genetics to medical practice. Clinical genetics and its related competencies need to be recognized as medical specialties in the country, before they can be introduced into mainstream clinical practice to improve health outcomes of our affected families.
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CMICA, Revista. "Resúmenes de Trabajos Libres." Revista Alergia México 65 (June 9, 2018): 1–147. http://dx.doi.org/10.29262/ram.v65i0.1278.
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Presentación En septiembre de 2017, la Asociación Colombiana de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología (ACAAI) y la Organización Mundial de Alergia (WAO) celebraron conjuntamente en la Ciudad de Cartagena, Colombia, dos eventos únicos: el XI Congreso Colombiano de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología y el Simposio WAO “Alergia a ácaros: de la ciencia básica a las aplicaciones clínicas”. Los organizadores se esmeraron a fondo en ofrecer un programa de contenido novedoso e interesante, pero también en lograr una convocatoria numerosa y de calidad que motivara la presentación de trabajos libres. Para ello, se emprendió una ambiciosa gestión con el fin de lograr la publicación de los resúmenes en una revista de impacto para la especialidad, llegando a un acuerdo con la Revista de Alergia de México, líder en las áreas de la alergología y la inmunología en la región, y órgano oficial de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Alergia, Asma e Inmunología (SLAAI). Alergología Presentación Carlos D. Serrano R. Adherence to pharmacotherapy improves school performance in children with rhinitis and asthma Jorge Mario Sánchez, Andrés Sánchez, Ricardo Cardona Adherencia a la inmunoterapia sublingual y subcutánea en los pacientes del servicio de alergología de una institución en salud. Medellín, Colombia Ana Milena Acevedo, Rosa Farfán, Ruth Ramírez, Ricardo Cardona Aerobiological study in Lima, Peru Silvia Uriarte,Óscar Calderón Aerobiological study in Peruvian cities Silvia Uriarte,Óscar Calderón Alergia al trigo en un adulto. Reporte de un caso Ricardo Cardona, Karen Hernández, Julián Londoño Alimentación complementaria antes de los 4 meses de edad y su relación con asma, rinitis y eccema Karol Cervantes De la Torre, Francisco Guillén-Grima Alta frecuencia de sensibilización a camarón entre pacientes con rinitis alérgica sin consumo previo María Angélica Muñoz, Estefanía Hernández Susana Diez, Jorge Sánchez Alteraciones psicosociales entre escolares y adolescentes con alergias respiratorias en Medellín, Colombia Juan José Yepes, Víctor Calvo, Ricardo Cardona Anafilaxia causada por cidra y yuca. Reporte de caso Emerson Daniel Amaya-Ruiz Anafilaxia en lactante alérgico a la proteína de la leche de vaca Ana María Calle-Álvarez, Carlos Fernando Chinchilla Anafilaxia perioperatoria. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura María Clara Vásquez-Maya, Mónica Molina, Ricardo Cardona Anafilaxia tardía tras la ingesta de carnes rojas con sensibilización a alfa-gal. Reporte de caso María Beatriz García-Paba Asma alérgica infantil severa resistente que remite tras manejo con omalizumab. Reporte de caso Miguel Ángel Daza-Cruz, Andrés Felipe Mantilla-Santamaría Association of IgE profiles to micro-arrayed house dust mite allergens with allergic symptoms measured in a house dust mite challenge chamber Azahara Rodríguez-Domínguez, Yvonne Resch, Petra Zieglmayer, Rudolf Valenta, Susanne Vrtala Ausencia de reactividad cruzada entre aril propiónicos. Reporte de caso Julián Londoño, Ricardo Cardona Calidad de vida en población pediátrica con dermatitis atópica atendidos en una unidad especializada de alergología de Medellín, Colombia Ruth Ramírez-Giraldo, Iris Castelblanco-Arango, Víctor Calvo, Carlos Chinchilla-Mejía, Ricardo Cardona-Villa Caracterización clínica de pacientes con rinosinusitis crónica en un centro ambulatorio de alergología e inmunología en Bogotá Carlos Olmos-Olmos Clinical efficacy of cat or dog allergen A real-life study Silvia Uriarte, Joaquín Sastre Comparison of several combinations maintenance and reliever therapy for asthma patients Pablo Andrés Miranda-Machado Comportamiento de las gastroenteropatías eosinofílicas en la población pediátrica Carolina Gallego-Yepes, Luisa María Holguín-Gómez, Yuliana Toro-Colorado, Carlos Fernando Chinchilla-Mejía Conocimientos básicos en alergología en una cohorte de médicos generales que ingresan a residencia diferente de alergología Luis Fernando Ramírez-Zuluaga, Carlos Daniel Serrano-Reyes De anafilaxia por Culex a síndrome de activación mastocitaria en un paciente adulto Ricardo Cardona, Emerson Daniel Amaya-Ruiz, María Angélica Muñoz-Ávila Dermatitis de contacto no tan obvias: descripción de casos Carolina Gómez-García, Edison Morales-Cárdenas Desensibilización a quimioterápicos: nuestra experiencia David Baquero-Mejía, Alfredo Iglesias-Cadarso, María del Mar Goñi-Yeste, María del Mar Reaño-Martos, Marta Rodríguez-Cabrero, Matilde Rodríguez-Mosquera Desensibilización exitosa a ciclofosfamida. Reporte de un caso Diana Lucía Silva-Espinosa, Luis Fernando Ramírez-Zuluaga, Carlos Daniel Serrano-Reyes Desensibilización exitosa a hierro sacarosa endovenoso. Descripción de dos casos Edgardo Antonio Chapman-Ariza, Leidy Álvarez-Ricardo, Dalyla Leal, Mónica Duarte-Romero, Elizabeth García Desensibilización exitosa con tocilizumab. Reporte de un caso Luis Fernando Ramírez-Zuluaga, Diana Lucía Silva-Espinosa, Carlos Daniel Serrano-Reyes Diagnóstico molecular en alergia a camarón y langostino Diana Lucía Silva-Espinosa, Luis Fernando Ramírez-Zuluaga, Carlos Daniel Serrano-Reyes Eritrodermia recurrente que condujo al diagnóstico de síndrome hipereosinofílico Liliana María Tamayo-Quijano, Lina María Aguirre-Hernández ¿Es la levadura un alérgeno importante en la alergia a licores? Reporte de caso Yuliana Toro-Colorado Esofagitis eosinofílica en niños de una región intertropical Luisa Holguín-Gómez Experiencia de inmunoterapia con extractos no modificados durante un año en un centro ambulatorio de Bogotá Carlos Olmos-Olmos, Catalina Gómez-Parada Lizeth Florez Exposición y sensibilización a insectos en pacientes alérgicos en el trópico Jorge Mario Sánchez, Andrés Sánchez, Ricardo Cardona Exposure and sensitization to dust mites in Peruvian cities Silvia Uriarte, Óscar Calderón, Víctor Iraola Factores sociodemográficos y su relación con el nivel de control del asma en pacientes pediátricos del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño de Perú César Galván-Calle, Ricardo Muñoz-León, David García-Gomero, Edgar Matos-Benavides, Wilmer Córdova-Calderón, María López-Talledo Frecuencia de reacción alérgica a la triple viral en 94 pacientes con alergia a huevo Jorge Mario Sánchez, Ruth Ramírez, Ricardo Cardona Herramienta de orientación en casos de incertidumbre de intolerancia a AINE Ricardo Cardona, Julián Londoño, Felipe Arboleda, Víctor Calvo Hipersensibilidad a AINE en niños: lo que no se ajusta a la clasificación María Angélica Muñoz-Ávila, Ruth Helena Ramírez-Giraldo, Ricardo Cardona-Villa House dust mites as potential carriers for IgE sensitization to bacterial antigens Sheron Dzoro, Irene Mittermann, Yvonne Resch, Susanne Vrtala, Marion Nehr, Alexander M. Hirschl, Gustav Wikberg, Lena Lundeberg, Catharina Johansson, Annika Scheynius, Rudolf Valenta IgE serological tests based on natural house dust mite extracts underestimate allergen-specific IgE levels compared to recombinant allergen-based tests Huey-Jy Huang, Yvonne Resch-Marat, Kuan-Wei Chen, Renata Kiss, Rudolf Valenta, Susanne Vrtala IgE/IgG1 antibody responses to ubiquitin are associated with emergency room attendance due to asthma symptoms Juan Felipe López-Crespo, Dilia Mercado, Velky Ahumada-Contreras, Ronald Regino López, Josefina Zakzuk-Sierra, Luis Caraballo Impacto del uso de la herramienta “Reactividad cruzada entre betalactámicos” Ricardo Cardona, Julián Londoño, Felipe Arboleda, Víctor Calvo Inhibition of Orai-STIM coupling alleviates experimentally-induced airways remodeling changes Martina Sutovska, Sona Franova Más allá de la alergia a la yuca o mandioca Ricardo Cardona, María Angélica Muñoz-Ávila, Kenny Mauricio Gálvez-Cardenas Mastocitosis cutánea difusa. Reporte de un paciente pediátrico Rodrigo Alonso Gaviria-Rendón, Ricardo Cardona Miositis eosinofílica, parte del espectro del síndrome hipereosinofílico o diagnóstico Reporte de un caso Carlos Olmos-Olmos Modelo de ecuaciones estructurales en pacientes con urticaria crónica Ricardo Cardona, Susana Diez, Víctor Calvo Niveles séricos de cortisol matutino en niños atópicos con asma bronquial y su influencia en la respuesta inmune IgE. estudio piloto en comunidades pobres de la ciudad de Barranquilla Fernando Rafael De La-Cruz-López, Gloria Egea-Garavito, Nicole S. Pereira-Sanandres, Luis Fang-Mercado, Iván Stand-Niño, Sofía Moreno-Woo, Gloria Garavito-De Egea, Eduardo Egea-Bermejo Omalizumab como terapia adyuvante para la dermatitis atópica severa en niños: una serie de casos María Alejandra García-Chabur, Alejandro Durán, Edgardo Chapman, Elizabeth García Omalizumab en conjuntivitis vernal severa: a propósito de un caso Manuela Olaya-Hernández, Luis Fernando Ramírez, Carlos Daniel Serrano-Reyes Omalizumab más allá del asma y la urticaria crónica espontánea Luisa Holguín, Angélica Muñoz, Ricardo Cardona Patients living in urban areas require more pharmacotherapy and have lower remission of symptoms for asthma and rhinitis than patients in rural location Jorge Mario Sánchez, Andrés Sánchez, Ricardo Cardona Prevalence, incidence and mortality of anaphylaxis in Colombia Pablo Andrés Miranda-Machado Prueba de parches de flores, un acercamiento a la estandarización María Muñoz, Catalina Gómez, Susana Diez, Liliana Guevara, Carlos Chinchilla, Ricardo Cardona Pruebas in vivo e in vitro para el diagnóstico de alergia a metamizol en pacientes de un centro médico en Perú David García-Gomero, Daniel Mendoza-Quispe, Edgar Matos-Benavides, Rosario Inocente Malpartida, Marco Álvarez-Ángeles Remisión de urticaria solar posterior al uso de omalizumab. Reporte de caso Ana María Villa-Arango, María Angélica Muñoz-Ávila, Ricardo Cardona Reporte de un paciente con queratoconjuntivitis vernal controlada con omalizumab y recaída con su suspensión Jorge Sánchez, Luis Carlos Santamaría-Salazar ¿Requiere cambios la clasificación actual de urticaria crónica? July Ospina-Cantillo, Liliana Guevara-Saldaña, Ricardo Cardona Rhinitis symptoms, mattress covers and bedroom environmental control: a multicentred double blind randomized versus placebo-controlled trial Emeline Furon Safety of an ultra-rush subcutaneous immunotherapy using an infusion pump in real-life Silvia Uriarte, Joaquín Sastre Seguimiento a largo plazo de inmunoterapia oral con leche de vaca David Baquero-Mejía, Pedro Ojeda-Fernández, Peter Bae, Isabel Ojeda-Fernández, Gema Rubio-Olmeda, Rocío Mourelle-Aguado, Sandra Yago-Meniz Seguridad de la inmunoterapia por vía subcutánea con alergoides María Nelly Restrepo Sensibilización a aeroalérgenos en pacientes pediátricos con asma atendidos en un periodo de 4 años en un Hospital de Medellín, Colombia Estefanía Vásquez-Echeverri, J. H. Donado, M. P. Villar, S. I. Ramírez, Carlos Fernando Chinchilla-Mejía, J. E. García Sensibilización a contactantes en 2003 pacientes de Medellín, Colombia María Nelly Restrepo-Colorado, Edison Morales-Cárdenas E, Ana María Acevedo-Vásquez, Daniel Amaya-Ruiz, Paula Andrea Arango-Castaño, Rosa Remedios Farfán-Plata, Carolina Gómez-García, Ruth Mery Marín Franco, Margarita Olivares-Gómez, Rafael Alberto Pérez-Arango, Liliana María Tamayo-Quijano, Juan David Tobón-Franco, Liliana María Valencia-Gómez Sensitization to the mosquito allergens, Aed a 1 and Aed a 2 in patients with papular urticaria from two Colombian cities with different altitude Luis Miguel Henao, Juana Bustillo, Josefina Zakzuk, Luis Caraballo, Elizabeth García Simplificación del estudio alergológico en pacientes con sospecha de alergia a fármacos con riesgo bajo a moderado Diana Lucía Silva-Espinosa, Luis Fernando Ramírez-Zuluaga, Manuela Olaya-Hernández, Carlos Daniel Serrano-Reyes Síndrome DRESS por penicilina benzatínica. Primer reporte de caso en Latinoamérica Ana María Calle, Iris Castelblanco-Arango, Ricardo Cardona-Villa Síndrome de Frey como diagnóstico diferencial de alergia alimentaria July A. Ospina-Cantillo, Ruth Helena Ramírez-Giraldo, Iris Castelblanco-Arango, Ricardo Cardona Síndrome de Presentación de dos casos Liliana María Tamayo-Quijano, Lina María Aguirre-Hernández, Luz Marina Gómez-Vargas Superposición de reacciones graves por fármacos. Reporte de dos casos Diana Lucía Silva-Espinosa, Luis Fernando Ramírez-Zuluaga, Carlos Daniel Serrano-Reyes The efficiency of flavonols in the setting of experimentally induced allergic asthma Sona Fraková Tromboembolismo pulmonar como causa de exacerbaciones frecuentes en un paciente con asma de difícil control, aspergilosis broncopulmonar y uso de esteroides sistémicos Liliana M. Guevara-Saldaña, Libia Susana Díez-Zuluaga, Catalina Gómez-Henao, Ricardo Cardona Urticaria Reporte de un caso María Raigosa, Yuliana Toro, Jorge Sánchez Utilidad clínica del omalizumab en urticaria crónica inducible Ricardo Cardona Vitamina D y atopia en escolares pertenecientes a comunidades vulnerables de la ciudad de Barranquilla Luis Fang, Nicole Pereira-Sanandres, Fernando Rafael De la Cruz-López, Sofía Moreno-Woo, Nelly Lecompte, Lila Visbal, Gloria Garavito-De Egea, Eduardo Egea-Bermejo Inmunología Angioedema hereditario y lupus. Reporte de caso Catalina Gómez-Parada Características clínicas y de laboratorio en una cohorte de pacientes con ataxia telangiectasia en el Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias de la Universidad de Antioquía Lina Rocío Riaño, Jesús Armando Álvarez, Julio César Orrego, Dagoberto Cabrera, Carolina Gómez, Héctor Valderrama, Alexandra Sierra, Derly Carolina Hernández, José Luis Franco Cuantificación y análisis de citocinas proinflamatorias en pacientes con hallazgos coronariográficos de lesiones ateroscleróticas en la ciudad de Barranquilla, Colombia Franklin Torres, José Villarreal, Marcio de Ávila, Xavier Lastra, Edward Lozano, Martín Oviedo, Axel Tolstano Estudio de los polimorfismos de los antígenos leucocitarios humanos HLA y citocromos CYP en síndrome de Stevens-Johnson relacionado con fenitoína y carbamazepina en Colombia Nohemí Esther Santodomingo-Guerrero Estudio de una población barranquillera basada en los alelos DRB1 y DQB1 comparada con otras poblaciones suramericanas Carlos Hernando-Parga Evaluación de la adsorción de los alérgenos Blo t2 y Blo t3 y del proteoliposoma de Neisseria meningitidis al Al(OH)3 en formulaciones de una vacuna antialérgica adyuvada contra el ácaro Blomia tropicalis Yoskiel Laurencio-Lorca Exome sequencing reveals gain-of-function mutations in STAT1 conferring predisposition to chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and tuberculosis in six Colombian patients Marcela Moncada-Vélez, Lucía Victoria Erazo-Borrás, Jesús Armando Álvarez-lvarez, Carlos Andrés Arango, Miyuki Tsumura, Satoshi Okada, Sara Daniela Osorio, Lorena Castro, Natalia González, Catalina Arango, Julio César Orrego, Lina Riaño, Juan Fernando Alzate, Felipe Cabarcas, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Jacinta Bustamante, Anne Puel, Andrés Augusto Arias, José Luis Franco Experiencia de una clínica de inmunodeficiencias primarias en un centro de atención nivel IV en Cali, Colombia Manuela Olaya-Hernández, Jaime Patiño, Diego Medina, Harry Pachajoa, Viviana Lotero, Paola Pérez Expression and immunological characterization a heat shock cognate-70 protein allergen, rAed a8, from the mosquito species Aedes aegypti José Fernando Cantillo, Leonardo Puerta, Enrique Fernandez-Caldas, José Luis Subiza, Irene Soria, Sylvie Lafosse-Marin, Barbara Bohle Gemelos idénticos con enfermedad granulomatosa crónica que se manifestó inicialmente como colitis alérgica. Reporte de caso Carlos Olmos-Olmos Genetic analysis of the SERPING1 gene in hereditary angioedema patients in Neiva, Colombia Jairo Antonio Rodríguez, Carlos Fernando Narváez Hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome in three siblings of non-consanguineous healthy Egyptian family. Case report Rehab Zaki Elmeazawy, Nabil Elesawy, Ahmad Abdelrazik, Osama Toema, Mohamed Hamza, Amany Bararkat Local adverse reaction rates decreased over time during treatment with recombinant human hyaluronidase- facilitated subcutaneous infusion of immunoglobulin G (fSCIG) in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases in the fSCIG phase 3 studies Lina Laguado, Mark Stein, Richard L Wasserman, Isaac Melamed, Sudhir Gupta, Lisa Kobrynski, Arye Rubinstein, Christopher J Rabbat, Werner Engl, Barbara McCoy, Heinz Leibl, Leman Yel Long-term adverse events, efficacy, and tolerability of recombinant human hyaluronidase-facilitated subcutaneous infusion of immunoglobulin in patients aged < 18 years with primary immunodeficiency diseases Lina Laguado, Richard L. Wasserman, Isaac Melamed, Lisa Kobrynski, Sudhir Gupta, Werner Engl, Heinz Leibl, Leman Yel Manifestaciones alérgicas en inmunodeficiencias primarias, ¿cómo diferenciar dermatitis atópica versus síndrome hiper-IgE? Reporte de casos Carlos Olmos-Olmos Immune response to multi-epitope Blomia tropicalis hybrid protein in mice Dalgys Martínez, Brenda Flam, Helber Herazo, Inés Benedetti, Narasaiah Kolliputi, Luis Caraballo, Richard F. Lockey Leonardo Puerta Next generation sequencing identifies mutations in Colombian patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases Carlos Andrés Arango-Franco, Marcela Moncada-Vélez, Alexander Franco-Gallego, Lucía Victoria Erazo, Catalina Martínez, Sebastián Gutiérrez, Jesús Armando Álvarez, , Manuela Molina, Diana Arboleda, Laura Naranjo, Juan Álvaro-López, Juan Fernando Alzate, Felipe Cabarcas, Claudia Milena Trujillo- Vargas, Julio César Orrego, Satoshi Okada, Anne Puel, Jacinta Bustamante, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Andrés Augusto Arias, José Luis Franco Niña con infección recurrente y severa de virus Epstein-Barr CD27 negativo. Reporte de caso Ana Ivette Mondragón-Pineda Non-interventional post-marketing safety study on the long-term safety of HyQvia (global) Lina Laguado, Katharina Fielhauer, Andras Nagy,2 Christopher J. Rabbat, Barbara McCoy, Heinz Leibl, Leman Yel Novel mutations in NCF4 gene confer non-classic chronic granulomatous disease with disseminated histoplasmosis in a Colombian child Carlos Andrés Arango-Franco, Alejandro Nieto-Patlán, Marcela Moncada-Vélez, Jesús Armando Álvarez, Carmen Oleaga-Quinta, Caroline Deswarte, Juan Fernando Alzate, Felipe Cabarcas, Carlos Garcés, Julio César Orrego, Susana Pamela Mejía, Luz Elena Cano, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Jacinta Bustamante, José Luis Franco, Andrés Augusto Arias Registro y caracterización de pacientes con inmunodeficiencia primaria en un centro ambulatorio de alergología e inmunología en Bogotá Catalina Gómez-Parada Relación entre la expresión del alelo HLA DRB1*08:02 y reacciones de hipersensibilidad al medicamento bucilamina en poblaciones amerindias colombianas Carlos Hernando Parga-Lozano Relación filogenética de alelos HLA con presencia de alergias en poblaciones amerindias Carlos Hernando Parga-Lozano, Nohemí Santodomingo Guerrero Reporte epidemiológico de inmunodeficiencias primarias en el Centro Jeffrey Modell de Colombia: 1987-2017 Lina Rocío Riaño-Cardozo, Natalia Correa-Vargas, Alejandro Gallón-Duque, Julio César-Orrego, José Luis Franco Respuesta IgE a extracto de Blomia tropicalis y Ascaris spp. en población proveniente de San Basilio de Palenque Andrés Merlano, Luis Fang, Beatriz Martínez, Catherine Meza, Luz Hernández, Eloína Zárate, Javier Marrugo Secuenciación completa del exoma como herramienta para el diagnóstico molecular de la enfermedad granulomatosa crónica Manuela Molina, Diana Marcela Arboleda, Marcela Moncada, Gabriel Vélez, Juan Fernando Alzate, Felipe Cabarcas, José Luis Franco, Andrés Augusto Arias-Sierra, Juan Álvaro-López The sigma-and omega-class members of the glutathione-S-transferase family from ascaris are IgE binding components with marked differences in the IgG1 and IgG4 response Ana Milena Lozano-Mendoza, Juana Bustillo, Juan López, Luis Caraballo, Josefina Zakzuk
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Léziart, Françoise. "Exode rural et chronique au Mexique." Amérique latine histoire et mémoire, no. 8 (September 3, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/alhim.428.
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KULONDWA, MUSOBWA Prospère, CIRHUZA Augustin−Pascal MWEZE, KITO Serge TABARO, and KASHEMWA Manny IMANI. "LES INCIDENCES DEMOGRAPHIQUES, SOCIOLOGIQUES ET ECONOMIQUES DE L'EXODE RURAL DANS LA VILLE DE BUKAVU AU SUD-KIVU." January 28, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5915042.
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Depuis la chute du régime de MOBUTU et la guerre de l 'AFDL en 1996, dans la partie Est de la RDC. La province du sud –Kivu connait des mouvements d‘exode rural sans précèdent, suite à l’insécurité et manque des infrastructures routières dans les huit territoires qui composent celle-ci. La prolifération des groupes armés ou milices entretenues par les hommes politiques en mal de positionnement est à la base de l’exode rural dans les territoires de la province du sud – Kivu. Les pauvres paysans sont souvent victime de viole, d’insécurité;de tuerie et d’assassinat ciblé à tel enseigne qu’ils sont obligés de fuir leurs villages laissant habitations ; champs et élevage pour aller s’installer dans la ville de Bukavu, Chef-lieu de la province du Sud-Kivu. A cette cause principale, ajoutons les manques des routes pour écouler les produits agricoles des villages vers la ville et ceux-ci a pour corolaire les produits qui pourrissent dans les champs, décourageant les cultivateurs qui finissent par quitter les villages pour aller s’installer en ville où ils rêvent de trouver une activité rentable. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser les conséquences socio-économiques de la surpopulation dans la ville en question.
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"TRANSFORMATION DE LA DENSITE DU RESEAU DES LOCALITÉS ET DU PEUPLEMENT DANS L'ESPACE RURAL EN REPUBLIQUE DE MACEDOINE." Geografski pregled 35 (1991): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35666/23038950.1991.35.79.
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Dans le cadre de l'espace rural de la republique de Macedoine, en 1961. il y avait 1.667 villages et parallelement au processus d'industraIisation et d'urbanisation et surtout a cause d'un depeuplement intensif 97 localites ou 5,8% ont subi un exode total. En moyenne, en 1961. sur un espace de 100 km/2 y avait 6,5 villages, tandis qu'en 1981. eu egard au processus mentionne, la densite .diminue et s arrete a 6,1. La densite de population en zone rurale dans la Republique de Macedonie est en stagnation parce que l'importance numerique de la population rurale augmente a peine. En 1981. elle etait de 35 personnes au km/2 ce qui represente deux fois moins que la moyenne y compris la population urbaine. Les changements de la densite du reseau des localites et la densite absolue du peuplement dans les villages varient considerablement en fonction de la zonalite hypometrique de la dispersion des localites rurales.
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MAMOUDOU, Rabani, and Auguste Konan KOUAKOU. "LES STRATÉGIES DE SURVIE ADOPTÉES PAR LES POPULATIONS DANS LA COMMUNE RURALE DE TIRMINI (NIGER) FACE AUX CRISES ALIMENTAIRES." October 29, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14010347.
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Cette étude est menée dans la commune rurale de Tirmini, en région de Zinder, une commune frappée par une insécurité alimentaire récurrente. Elle est située dans la partie Est du département de Takieta. Sa superficie est estimée à environ 2000 km2 avec une population d’environ 161 000 habitants. Pour s’adapter à ces crises alimentaires récurrentes, les populations adoptent plusieurs stratégies de survie.Le but de cette étude est d’identifier les stratégies de survie adoptées par ces populations dans la commune rurale de Tirmini face aux crises alimentaires. La méthodologie utilisée est basée sur une approche qualitative. Elle a consisté à la conduite de Focus group et d’entretiens individuels auprès des populations dans trois villages de Tirmini. Au total, soixante (60) personnes ont été interviewées dans la commune. Les résultats montrent que, pour survivre face aux crises alimentaires, les populations font des petits commerces, de l’élevage des animaux, de la vente du bois de chauffe, de la cueillette, des cultures maraîchères, de l’artisanat, de l’exode rural et bien d’autres activités informelles.
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WAÏGALO, Amadou K. dit Amobo. "Stratégies d'adaptation des petits producteurs de riz paddy de la Zone Office du Niger face aux effets du changement climatique : perceptions et déterminants." September 19, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8381259.
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Cet article vise à déterminer les perceptions des riziculteurs sur le changement climatique et comprendre les facteurs qui déterminent les choix et stratégies d’adaptation des agriculteurs de l’Office du Niger à faire face aux effets du changement climatique. Les données ont été collectées aléatoirement auprès de 200 petits riziculteurs de trois village (Laminibougou, Minimana 1 et Minimana 2) de la Commune Rurale de Siribala dans la zone office du Niger. Quant à leurs perceptions sur le changement climatique, la baisse de la production, l’insécurité alimentaire et le bouleversement de dates de semis ont été identifiés comme les effets néfastes du changement climatique ; la baisse du revenu agricole, la réduction de superficies cultivables, l’accroissement de maladies de cultures et du cheptel, l’exode rural et la dégradation des sols sont les conséquences par rapports aux effets néfastes dus aux changements climatiques. Les facteurs qui influent positivement et significativement sur la probabilité de choix des riziculteurs d’adopter une Agriculture Intelligente face au Climat (AIC) sont l’appartenance à une organisation paysanne, le nombre d’actifs agricoles et les activités génératrices de revenus. Ainsi, les politiques d’amélioration de la riziculture permettant d’atténuer la souffrance des riziculteurs et les contraintes de la riziculture pour faire face aux effets du changement climatique doivent être basées sur ces différents indicateurs et stratégies d’adaptation au changement climatique.
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SANOGO, Bakari, Yaya BAMBA, and Idrissa MAÏGA. "Analyse de l'exploitation abusive du charbon de bois dans le Cercle de Kolondieba : cas de la Commune de N'Golodiana." September 13, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8342541.
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L’exploitation du charbon de bois fait peser de fortes menaces sur une ressource déjà fragilisée par les sécheresses passées, mais elle reste un revenu vital pour des populations qui y trouvent depuis vingt ans une alternative à l’exode rural. La présente étude vise à analyser les pratiques abusives de l’exploitation du charbon de bois dans la commune de N’Golodiana. Pour ce faire, un choix aléatoire de 15 individus enquêtés par village a été fait, soit un total de 60 individus enquêtés pour la collecte de données. L’activité du charbonnage dans la commune semble nettement dominée par les hommes. Les enquêtés mariés sont les plus représentés avec un taux de 71,7 %. Les types d’essences les plus exploitées par village sont <em>Acacia tortilis</em> et <em>Balanites aegyptiaca</em>. Les principaux artisans du charbon de bois n’ont pas eu la chance d’aller à l’école et dont l’âgés varie entre 20 et 45 ans. Pour eux, l’activité du charbonnage dépend entièrement de leurs stratégies et de leurs comportements personnels et vise à subvenir aux besoins de la famille. En perspectives, il serait intéressant d’établir un diagnostic pour mieux encadrer l’exploitation abusive de charbon de bois afin d’assurer une meilleure gestion durable de la ressource forestière.
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Sako, M., S. Kone, F. Yaro, et al. "Evaluation des risques sanitaires liés à l'alimentation de rue dans le District de Bamako." Mali Santé Publique, June 30, 2014, 44–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53318/msp.v4i01.1454.
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Au Mali, l"alimentation de rue s"est fortement développée ces dernières années avec l"effet de l"exode rural, la croissance démographique dans les villes et surtout avec l"instauration par l"Etat de la journée continue intervenue à partir de 1992 qui maintient les travailleurs hors de leur foyer pour de très longues heures. La présente étude avait pour objectif d"évaluer les risques sanitaires liés à l"alimentation de rue dans le district de Bamako pour promouvoir la santé des consommateurs. L"étude a porté sur un échantillon de 138 établissements dans les 6 communes du District de Bamako. Il a été procédé à la détermination de la qualité sanitaire (microbiologique et chimique) des aliments de rue vendus dans le District de Bamako et à la classification des risques associés à l"alimentation de rue dans le district de Bamako, sous l"optique de la démarche du HACCP et de l"approche intégrée (vision FAO/OMS). Afin d"identifier les points critiques et de proposer des mesures de maitrise de la contamination microbienne 21 diagrammes de fabrication ont été élaborés et ont concerné tous les aliments contaminés. La classification des risques a été faite selon la procédure du Food and Drogue Administration des USA., outil internationalement reconnu et appliqué par le Codex Alimentatrus. Sur les 59 échantillons analysés, 31 sont contaminés sur le plan bactériologique. Sur les 24 échantillons soumis à l"analyse toxicologique, 8 présentent des niveaux de résidus de pesticides élevés. Les résultats montrent (i) la majorité des établissements de production/vente d"aliments de rue qui n"applique pas les mesures d"hygiène et de fabrication (BPH/BPF) appropriées et (ii) un niveau de contamination élevé (46 - 62 sur l"échelle Risk Ranking du FDA) qui fait de l"alimentation de rue dans le District de Bamako une préoccupation en matière de sécurité sanitaire des aliments. L"application des mesures correctives par le personnel des gargotes, a permis de maîtriser la contamination, ce qui est la preuve de la pertinence et l"efficacité de ces mesures.
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Araba, Mabrouk, and Said Mazouz. "Apports de la syntaxe spatiale à la vérification de l’intégration d’un quartier d’habitat spontané dans le système urbain." Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège, 2018, 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/0037-9565.8234.
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À l’instar des autres villes algériennes, Bou-Saâda a connu une importante croissance démographique et un exode rural sous la pression des évènements politiques et socio-économiques marquant l’histoire de la ville et de la nation. Le rythme de construction des logements officiels n’a pu faire face à cette situation. Des quartiers d’habitat spontané ont donc vu le jour, tel que Maïtar. Ce dernier s’est implanté dans un site périphérique, enclavé entre parcs de production de matériaux de construction, montagne de Moubakhera, dunes de sable et Oued Maïtar, avec une grande pauvreté en termes d’équipements publics et d’espaces de convivialité. Ce présent article aborde la vérification de l’intégration du quartier d’habitat spontané de Maïtar dans le système urbain de la ville de Bou-Saâda par le biais de la méthode de la syntaxe spatiale, théorie initiée par Bill Hillier et d'autres chercheurs à la Bartlett, University College of London, qui s’intéresse à l'analyse des configurations spatiales des objets architecturaux et systèmes urbains par la traduction spatiale des comportements sociaux à travers un ensemble d’outils et de techniques permettant l'aboutissement à plusieurs modèles interprétatifs de différents phénomènes sociaux et spatiaux. Cette théorie donne accès à certaines caractéristiques et propriétés des graphes, en permettant notamment une analyse plus poussée, au niveau local comme au niveau global [1]. L’application de cette analyse à travers les outils de la carte axiale et de la carte de « all line analysis » sur la ville de Bou-Saada a démontré la ségrégation du quartier de Maïtar par rapport au système urbain. Ces résultats s’interprètent par le nombre très limité des voies qui relie le quartier avec le système et l’isolement spatial dû à l’enclavement. Le réseau interne du quartier n’est plus perméable, il s’appuie sur un seul axe de distribution et d’organisation de l’espace, ce qui reflète une ségrégation et une faible connectivité au sein du quartier et avec l’ensemble du système urbain de la ville. L’espace dans son ensemble est moins fréquenté, il est donc insécurisé et se caractérise par une grande introversion.
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Wu, Jiali, Jieqiong Chen, Ruyi Zhao, et al. "Status of visual impairment among children with special needs in rural China." Ophthalmic Research, August 15, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000526494.
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Introduction Previous studies have reported a high prevalence of visual defects in children with special needs. However, routine ocular examinations for these children in rural areas of China are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the status of visual impairment (VI) in children at special education schools in rural China. Methods A total of 316 students from two special schools in Zunyi city, Guizhou province, were enrolled. Full ophthalmic examinations were performed, and gene-sequencing services were offered to potential patients. Results The mean age of the 316 participants was 12.27±3.49 years, and 75 showed abnormal ophthalmic manifestations on slit-lamp examination. Visual acuity (VA) was assessed in 232 eyes, and the mean VA (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, logMAR) was 0.27±0.34. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) identified 19 mutations in these children, which might explain their visual complaints. Children with Down syndrome had a significantly higher prevalence of ocular disorders than those without. Conclusion VI is common among children at special education schools in rural areas; however, routine screening and effective interventions have not been consistently implemented. Efforts should be made to address this issue in these already disadvantaged children.
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Turner, Scott A., Mary Beth P. Dinulos, Stephanie E. Vallee, et al. "Discovery of a novel cystathionine-beta-synthase mutation and diagnosis of homocystinuria by whole exome sequencing in a family from rural Honduras." Case Reports in Clinical Pathology 2, no. 3 (2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/crcp.v2n3p59.
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Sassi, Celeste, Rosa Capozzo, Monia Hammer, et al. "Exploring dementia and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis genes in 100 FTD-like patients from 6 towns and rural villages on the Adriatic Sea cost of Apulia." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85494-x.
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AbstractFrontotemporal dementia (FTD) refers to a complex spectrum of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders. Although fully penetrant mutations in several genes have been identified and can explain the pathogenic mechanisms underlying a great portion of the Mendelian forms of the disease, still a significant number of families and sporadic cases remains genetically unsolved. We performed whole exome sequencing in 100 patients with a late-onset and heterogeneous FTD-like clinical phenotype from Apulia and screened mendelian dementia and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis genes. We identified a nonsense mutation in SORL1 VPS domain (p.R744X), in 2 siblings displaying AD with severe language problems and primary progressive aphasia and a near splice-site mutation in CLCN6 (p.S116P) segregating with an heterogeneous phenotype, ranging from behavioural FTD to FTD with memory onset and to the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia in one family. Moreover 2 sporadic cases with behavioural FTD carried heterozygous mutations in the CSF1R Tyrosin kinase flanking regions (p.E573K and p.R549H). By contrast, only a minority of patients carried pathogenic C9orf72 repeat expansions (1%) and likely moderately pathogenic variants in GRN (p.C105Y, p.C389fs and p.C139R) (3%). In concert with recent studies, our findings support a common pathogenic mechanisms between FTD and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis and suggests that neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis genes should be investigated also in dementia patients with predominant frontal symptoms and language impairments.
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Khan, Niaz Muhammad, Basharat Hussain, Chenqing Zheng, et al. "Updates on Clinical and Genetic Heterogeneity of ASPM in 12 Autosomal Recessive Primary Microcephaly Families in Pakistani Population." Frontiers in Pediatrics 9 (July 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.695133.
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Microcephaly (MCPH) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by non-progressive intellectual disability, small head circumference, and small brain size compared with the age- and sex-matched population. MCPH manifests as an isolated condition or part of another clinical syndrome; so far, 25 genes have been linked with MCPH. Many of these genes are reported in Pakistani population, but due to a high rate of consanguinity, a significant proportion of MCPH cohort is yet to be explored. MCPH5 is the most frequently reported type, accounting for up to 68.75% alone in a genetically constrained population like Pakistan. In the current study, whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on probands from 10 families sampled from South Waziristan and two families from rural areas of the Pakistani Punjab. Candidate variants were validated through Sanger sequencing in all available family members. Variant filtering and in silico analysis identified three known mutations in ASPM, a MCPH5-associated gene. The founder mutation p.Trp1326* was segregating in 10 families, which further confirmed the evidence that it is the most prominent mutation in Pashtun ethnicity living in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Furthermore, the previously known mutations p.Arg3244* and p.Arg1019* were inherited in two families with Punjab ethnic profile. Collectively, this study added 12 more families to the mutational paradigm of ASPM and expanded the Pakistani MCPH cohort.