Relevant bibliographies by topics / Exogenous and endogenous factors

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Exogenous and endogenous factors'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Exogenous and endogenous factors.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Exogenous and endogenous factors"

1

Rojo, Carmen, Keve T. Kiss, Miguel Álvarez-Cobelas, and María A. Rodrigo. "Population dynamics of Cyclotella ocellata (Bacillariophyceae): endogenous and exogenous factors." Fundamental and Applied Limnology 145, no. 4 (July 26, 1999): 479–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/145/1999/479.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Henderson, Brian E. "Endogenous and Exogenous Endocrine Factors." Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America 3, no. 4 (December 1989): 577–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8588(18)30521-5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Svetlana, Ilyinykh. "Youth entrepreneurship: endogenous and exogenous factors." Ideas and Ideals 2, no. 4 (December 21, 2015): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2015-4.2-87-95.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Hasan Thwaini, Falah, and Ahmed Abdulzahra Hamdan. "Money supply. Endogenous or exogenous variable? With reference to Iraq." Banks and Bank Systems 12, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.12(4-1).2017.03.

Full text
Abstract:
The issue of whether money supply is a dependent or an independent variable remains a debating one, especially with the ongoing development and innovation of institutions, tools, and financial, monetary, and banking derivatives. In general, we can say that there are two trends of thought about the issue under consideration. The first trend views money supply as an exogenous variable because the monetary authority can control and monitor it. The second one views money supply as an endogenous variable because Federal Bank has no ability to affect it, especially when nominal or money income is changed and reflected on money multiplier and money supply, and also when the monetary authority cannot restrict the monetary expansion as a result of different factors related to the economy structure or related to other non-economic factors.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Lammintausta, K., and H. I. Maibach. "Exogenous and Endogenous Factors in Skin Irritation." International Journal of Dermatology 27, no. 4 (May 1988): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1988.tb03212.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Ames, Bruce N. "Mutagenesis and carcinogenesis: Endogenous and exogenous factors." Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 14, S16 (1989): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/em.2850140614.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Levinson, M., B. Oswald, and S. Quarfordt. "Serum factors influencing cultured hepatocyte exogenous and endogenous triglyceride." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 259, no. 1 (July 1, 1990): G15—G20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1990.259.1.g15.

Full text
Abstract:
Rat hepatocyte monolayer triglyceride content was increased modestly by incubations with apolipoprotein E-containing triglyceride emulsions or chylomicrons (exogenous) and was increased substantially by increasing media free fatty acid concentrations (endogenous). The secretion of both endogenous and exogenous triglyceride into media was enhanced by additions of serum and serum components. These additions not only enhanced hepatocyte triglyceride secretion but also, because of the absence of media lipolysis, more triglyceride was recovered in the system. Lipoprotein-free serum replicated the effect of whole serum. Lipoprotein produced a more modest secretory response. The apolipoprotein C components were the only ones that enhanced hepatic triglyceride secretion. Both lipoprotein-free plasma and lipoprotein enhanced the in vitro transfer of hepatocyte exogenous triglyceride to fibroblast.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Garcı́a-Garcı́a, Fabio, and René Drucker-Colı́n. "Endogenous and exogenous factors on sleep–wake cycle regulation." Progress in Neurobiology 58, no. 4 (July 1999): 297–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00086-0.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Bykanov, A. E., D. I. Pitskhelauri, N. S. Grachev, D. E. Semenov, R. A. Sufianov, K. S. Yashin, and K. B. Matuev. "Endogenous and Exogenous Factors Affecting the Surgical Technique (Review)." Sovremennye tehnologii v medicine 12, no. 2 (April 2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17691/stm2020.12.2.12.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Eyi, Y. Emrah, Memduh Yetim, and Sukru Tekindur. "Endogenous and exogenous factors affecting the levels of carboxyhemoglobin." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 33, no. 9 (September 2015): 1310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.05.005.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Exogenous and endogenous factors"

1

Larsson, Mikael. "Endogenous and exogenous factors affecting lipoprotein lipase activity." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Fysiologisk kemi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-91662.

Full text
Abstract:
Individuals with high levels of plasma triglycerides are at high risk to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD), currently one of the major causes of death worldwide. Recent epidemiological studies show that loss-of-function mutations in the APOC3 gene lower plasma triglyceride levels and reduce the incidence of coronary artery disease. The APOC3 gene encodes for apolipoprotein (APO) C3, known as an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. Similarly, a common gain-of-function mutation in the LPL gene is associated with reduced risk for CVD. LPL is central for the metabolism of lipids in blood. The enzyme acts at the endothelial surface of the capillary bed where it hydrolyzes triglycerides in circulating triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) and thereby allows uptake of fatty acids in adjacent tissues. LPL activity has to be rapidly modulated to adapt to the metabolic demands of different tissues. The current view is that LPL is constitutively expressed and that the rapid modulation of the enzymatic activity occurs by some different controller proteins. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is one of the main candidates for control of LPL activity. ANGPTL4 causes irreversible inactivation through dissociation of the active LPL dimer to inactive monomers. Other proteins that have effects on LPL activity are the APOCs which are surface components of the substrate TRLs. APOC2 is a well-known LPL co-factor, whereas APOC1 and APOC3 independently inhibit LPL activity. Given the important role of LPL for triglyceride homeostasis in blood, the aim of this thesis was to find small molecules that could increase LPL activity and serve as lead compounds in future drug discovery efforts. Another aim was to investigate the molecular mechanisms for how APOC1 and APOC3 inhibit LPL activity. Using a small molecule screening library we have identified small molecules that can protect LPL from inactivation by ANGPTL4 during incubations in vitro. Following a structure-activity relationship study we have synthesized lead compounds that more efficiently protect LPL from inactivation by ANGPTL4 in vitro and also have dramatic triglyceride-lowering properties in vivo. In a separate study we show that low concentrations of fatty acids possess the ability to prevent inactivation of LPL by ANGPTL4 under in vitro conditions. With regard to APOC1 and APOC3 we demonstrate that when bound to TRLs, these apolipoproteins prevent binding of LPL to the lipid/water interface. This results in decreased lipolysis and in an increased susceptibility of LPL to inactivation by ANGPTL4. We demonstrate that hydrophobic amino acid residues that are centrally located in the APOC3 molecule are critical for attachment of this protein to lipid emulsion particles and consequently for inhibition of LPL activity. In summary, this work has identified a lead compound that protects LPL from inactivation by ANGPTL4 in vitro and lowers triglycerides in vivo. In addition, we propose a molecular mechanism for inhibition of LPL activity by APOC1 and APOC3.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Noh, Zamira. "Bias in voting behaviour : endogenous and exogenous factors." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2017. http://eprints.lincoln.ac.uk/28661/.

Full text
Abstract:
Despite the vast research on the social bias in decision-making, relatively little is known about biases in voting behaviour. The main aim of this research was to explore alternative indirect methods to observe biases in decision-making and voting behaviour. A proximity bias was first observed in the rather unusual setting of the Weakest Link TV game show, when contestants avoided casting negative votes against their closest neighbours. This proximity bias was most profound for the contestant closest to the voter. Two field experiments were designed to test whether this Neighbour Effect occurred in different social contexts, among the first-year undergraduate students. The first study asked first-year undergraduate students in a lecture (n=449) to vote for another person seated in the same row. The same Neighbour Effect occurred when the vote carried a nasty (negative) outcome for the recipient however, when the vote valence changed to a nice (positive) outcome the Neighbour Effect disappeared. In negative voting, the result of the field experiment confirmed the original observation in the Weakest Link. However, a reverse polarity voting pattern was also found in the positive voting. This suggests participants significantly favoured their closest neighbour(s). The second field experiment used Prisoner’s Dilemma with undergraduates in a lecture theatre (n= 229) to test the Neighbour Effect. The undergraduates played the game with another player seated in the same row and in the same block in a lecture theatre. The results showed a neighbour effect because the players were significantly more likely to cooperate with a neighbour that a non-neighbour. To conclude the findings from this study suggested that the Neighbour Effect is a robust bias in strategic decision-making and voting.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Rutland, Catrin Sian. "Endogenous and exogenous factors affecting aberrant blood vessel formation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403451.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Morgan, J. E. "Exogenous and endogenous factors influencing the accumulation of heavy metals by selected earthworm species." Thesis, Bucks New University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380310.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Halter, Bailey Anne. "Effects of exogenous and endogenous factors on appetite regulation in broiler chicks and Japanese quail." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103601.

Full text
Abstract:
Understanding how appetite is regulated, via exogenous or endogenous factors, is essential to animal agriculture in order to maximize production capabilities, as well as in human medicine to generate ways to treat conditions such as eating disorders or obesity. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effects of ferulic acid (FA), an exogenous factor found within plant cells, and oxyntomodulin (OXM), an endogenous hormone generated in the gastrointestinal tract, on food intake in avian models, as well as elucidate the hypothalamic mechanisms responsible. In broiler chicks (Gallus gallus), FA administered peripherally (IP) resulted in a transient yet potent reduction of food intake. A behavior analysis revealed that FA-treated chicks defecated fewer times than control birds. Within the arcuate nucleus (ARC) there was an increase in c-Fos immunoreactivity, indicating neuronal activation, in FA-treated chicks. Within the hypothalamus, there was a decrease in mRNA abundance of galanin, ghrelin, melanocortin receptor 3, and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), however within the ARC there was a decrease in POMC and an increase in c-Fos mRNA after FA treatment. OXM, a proglucagon-derived peptide produced in the gastrointestinal tract, administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV) or IP in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), resulted in a decrease in food intake for 3 hours post-injection. There was an increase in c-Fos immunoreactivity within the ARC as well as the dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) in quail ICV injected with OXM. In conclusion, these novel data provide insights on the similarities and differences between factors that can affect appetite regulation via anorexigenic effects.
Master of Science
Exogenous and endogenous factors affect appetite regulation. Exogenous factors originate in feed components, additives, and other environmental factors that can affect bodily functions but are derived from an external source. Endogenous factors are made within the body, such as hormones and neurotransmitters, usually in response to a stimulus, and serve to communicate signals both locally and distantly in the body. Ferulic acid (FA), a natural exogenous factor originating within plant cells, is found in commonly consumed plant-based foods. When administered peripherally into broiler chicks (meat-type birds), FA caused a direct and potent, yet quickly diminishing, decrease in food intake via activation of cells within the hypothalamus, the region of the brain that is responsible for appetite regulation. Oxyntomodulin (OXM), an endogenous peptide hormone generated within the gastrointestinal tract in response to the digestion of nutrients, is known to decrease food intake in humans, rodents, and the broiler chick. However, its effects in Japanese quail, a model closer to a "wild-type" bird, are unknown. Quail injected peripherally (outside the brain) or intracerebroventricularly (ICV; into lateral ventricle of brain) with OXM showed a reduction in food intake that was more persistent than FA's effects with the effects also mediated via activation within the hypothalamus, although through slightly different molecular mechanisms. Understanding different factors that can regulate appetite in animals is necessary for agricultural applications to maximize production and improve health and welfare, as well as in humans to elucidate methods to treat appetite-related conditions, such as eating disorders and obesity.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Cicek, Huseyin. "Critical Evaluation Of Endogenous Regional Development Theories." Phd thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615764/index.pdf.

Full text
Abstract:
Regional development discourses and theories have significantly changed since the born of regional science. Focus of regional development theories has shifted from industrialization efforts via large-scale enterprises and transfer of central government funds to disadvantaged regions to endogenous capabilities and potentials of innovation and knowledge creation. Endogenous factors and self-development capabilities are highly emphasized by recent development literature. Changes in the regional development discourses also affected regional policies, policy tools and actors
endogenous factors and self-development discourses became dominant in regional development policies and implementations. However, source of regional development for less developed regions that do not have endogenous potentials and self-development capability have not clearly defined and have not empirically tested. The thesis attempted to empirically define regional growth factors and the usefulness of theoretical frameworks. In the thesis, econometric model of Turkey is used for the empirical study. The theoretical framework discussed in the thesis is both economic theories and regional development models. The study shows that all theoretical models offer only partial explanations of regional growth. While study shows that factors emphasized by traditional theories support regional growth, the study has no evidence supporting that soft factors emphasized by recent theories support regional growth. The main findings of this study contribute to theoretical and empirical field by reintroducing role of government and interventions. Factors highlighted by recent regional development theories are not sufficient for explaining growth, since the regional policies at the national level continue to be important therefore factors emphasized by traditional theories still have significant contributions to growth.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Jeffy, Brandon David. "Molecular interactions between endogenous and exogenous factors: Regulation of BRCA-1 tumor suppressor gene expression in breast cancer cells." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280421.

Full text
Abstract:
This dissertation focuses on the central hypothesis that in breast cancer cells containing the estrogen receptor-α (ER-α+) and wild-type p53, the BRCA-1 tumor suppressor gene is positively regulated by the steroid hormone estrogen and negatively regulated by Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) ligands which damage DNA. In this dissertation, we demonstrate that BRCA-1 promoter activity is reduced by the DNA damaging agent Benzo[a]pyrene in breast cancer cells containing both a functional estrogen receptor and p53 pathway. In addition, our data suggests that exposure of MCF-7 breast cancer cells to estrogen stimulates transcription from the BRCA-1 5 ' flanking region, and this increase in transcription is paralleled by an increase in estrogen receptor-alpha interaction at the BRCA-1 promoter between -46 → -14 upstream of exon 1b. We report that in both untreated and estrogen-treated M CF-7 cells, a transcriptional complex, which we have termed an "Estrogen Responsive Unit" (ERU), containing AP-1, Sp1, and CREB family members, forms at the same -46 → -14 region which binds ER-α. Moreover, we show that wild-type p53 is required for estrogen induction of BRCA-1 and overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant variant of p53 can prevent this induction. Finally, we show that overexpression of wild-type p53 is able to disrupt the estrogen receptor interaction with the BRCA-1 ERU under both basal and estrogen-induced conditions while mutant p53 is only able to disrupt this interaction when estrogen is present. Taken together, these data suggest that loss of function of either the estrogen receptor-α or p53 signaling pathways may result in an inability for BRCA-1 regulation to occur and may in turn be a risk factor in the etiology of sporadic breast cancer.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Kim, Ji Uk. "Empirical tests of exogenous and endogenous growth models." Connect to resource, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1265037914.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Nsiah, Bernard. "Contribution of Farm Forest Plantation Management to the Livelihood Strategies of Farm Households in the High Forest Zone of Ghana." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-39671.

Full text
Abstract:
Ghana has experienced a remarkable degradation and depletion of its forest resources over the last 100 years. This process has undermined the socio-economic and socio-cultural importance of the forests for millions of rural people who depend on the resource to support their livelihood. Many rural households have over the past three decades developed strategies to minimize the effects of forest depletion on their livelihood. The establishment of smallholder forest plantation on agricultural land has emerged as an important form of land-use for households to diversify their sources of income and also improve their socio-economic well-being. The main objective of the study was to identify and analyze the endogenous and exogenous factors inducing farm household’s decision to establish farm forest plantation and to analyze its financial contribution to household’s income and livelihood strategies. The study involved a survey of 280 randomly selected farm households from five communities in the Offinso district in Ghana. The multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used to select as many as 165 households with farm forest plantation as well as 115 without farm forest plantation. A mixture of tools including semi-structured questionnaire, focus group discussions, wealth ranking, forest inventory and market surveys were used to collect the required data. Results from logistic regression analysis revealed that the age of the household head, the number of years of education of the household head, the amount of household labor, the size of household landholding, the ownership of permanent land, the availability of non-agricultural land and household’s participation in past forest plantation development projects are the most important endogenous factors influencing the farm household’s decision to establish farm forest plantation. On the other hand, exogenous factors such as the availability of market and buyers for farm forest products and farm household’s satisfaction with market prices for farm forest products positively influenced the household’s decision to establish farm forest plantation. Prohibitive rules and regulations relating to the harvesting of trees and transportation of timber from private lands and uncertainty in tree tenure as a result of ambiguous policy framework, however, negatively influenced the decision to establish smallholder forest plantation on their agricultural land. The results from household income portfolio analysis show that cash income from selling farm forest products contributed an average of $273.6 to total household’s income in one agricultural season. This amount accounted for 17.6% of total household’s income and represented the second most important source of income after agriculture. The profitability of different land-uses practiced by the households was analyzed using a conventional economic method (Net Present Value). The results from a comparative financial analysis show that the establishment of teak plantation on agricultural land inter-cropped with food crops is the most profitable form of land use for the households compared to pure teak plantation and maize-plantain cultivation. The results of the study underscore the potential contribution of smallholder farm forest plantation to increase the overall household’s income and thereby improve household’s well-being
Ghana hat während der letzten 100 Jahre eine bemerkenswerte Degradation und Verminderung seines Waldvorkommens erlebt. Dieser Prozess hat die sozio-ökonomische und sozial-kulturelle Bedeutung des Waldes als Einkommensquelle zur Unterstützung des Lebensunterhalts für Millionen ländlicher Einwohner geschwächt. Während der letzen 30 Jahre haben viele Kleinbauern Haushalte Strategien entwickelt um den Effekt, den die Verminderung des Waldvorkommens auf ihren Lebensunterhalt hat, zu minimieren. Die Anlage kleinflächiger Forstplantagen auf Ackerland hat sich dabei als wichtige Form der Landnutzung erwiesen, da sie eine Einkommensquelle zusätzlich zu den vorhandenen bedeuten. Sie haben das Potential, die sozio-ökonomiche Situation der Bevölkerung zu verbessern. Ziel der Studie war die Identifizierung von internen und externen Faktoren, die bedeutend zur Entscheidung von Haushalten über die Errichtung kleinflächiger Forstplantagen beitragen. Desweiteren sollten der finanzielle Beitrag der Forstplantagen zum Einkommen und zu Strategien der Kleinbauern analysiert werden. Für die Sudie werden Datensätze von 280 zufällig ausgewählten landwirtschaftlichen Haushalten aus fünf Gemeinden im Offinso Distrikt in Ghana erfasst. Die mehrstufig aufgebaute zufällige Auswahltechnik wurde benutzt, um die 165 Haushalte mit Forstplantagen und 115 Haushalten ohne Forstplantagen für die Studie auszuwählen. Mehrere Instrumente, wurden genutzt um die benötigten Daten zu sammeln darunter vor allem semi-strukturierte Befragungen, fokusierte Gruppendiskussionen, Wohlstandsranking der Haushalte und eine Forstinventur. Ergebnisse einer logistischen Regressionsanalyse ergaben, dass das Alter des Haushaltsvorstands, die Anzahl der Ausbildungsjahre des Haushaltsvorstands, die Anzahl der im Haushalt vorhandenen Arbeitskräfte, die Größe des dem Haushalt zur Verfügung stehenden Ackerlandes, das Eigentum an Ackerland, verfügbare nicht-landwirtschaftlich nutzbare Flächen und die Teilnahme der Haushalte an Projekten zur Forstplantagenentwicklung die wichtigsten internen Faktoren für die Entscheidung der Kleinbauern zur Errichtung von kleinflächiger Forstpantagen darstellen. Andererseits beeinflussten externe Faktoren wie das Vorhandensein von Markt und Käufern für Produkte der Forstplantagen und die Zufriedenheit der Haushalte mit den gebotenen Marktpreisen für diese Produkte die Entscheidung der Kleinbauern zur Errichtung von Forstplantagen positiv. Demgegenüber beeinflussten Verbote und einschränkende Regelungen zur Ernte und zum Transport von Bäumen auf Privatland und die Unsicherheit bezüglich des Eigentums an den Bäumen als Ergebniss unklarer politischer Vorgaben die Entscheidung zur Errichtung von kleinflächiger Forstplantagen auf Ackerland negativ. Das Ergebniss der Analyse verschiedene Haushaltseinkommensquellen zeigt, dass das Jahreseinkommen der Haushalte mit Forstplantagen höher ist als das der Haushalte ohne Forstplantagen. Der Beitrag zum Jahreseinkommen aus dem Verkauf von Produkten der kleinflächiger Forstplantagen betrug im Durchschnitt 273,6 USD in einer landwirtschaftlichen Saison. Dies entsprach 17,6 % des gesamten Haushaltseinkommens und stellte somit die zweitwichtigste Einkommensquelle nach der Landwirtschaft dar. Die Rentabilität der verschiedenen Landnutzungsarten wurde mit der Kapitalwertmethode (Net Present Value) ermittelt. Diese vergleichende Analyse zeigte, dass kleinflächiger Forstplantagen auf Agrarland bei gleichzeitigem Anbau von Nahrungsmittel die profitabelste Art der Landnutzung für die Haushalte im Vergeich zu ausschließlichem Teakanbau und zum Anbau von Mais mit Kochbanane ist. Die Ergebnisse der Studie unterstreichen das Potential kleinflächiger Forstplantagen, einen Beitrag zur Steigerung des gesamten Haushaltseinkommens und zur Verbesserung des Lebensstandards der Haushalte leisten zu können
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Cohen, Gideon. "Methods and mechanisms of endogenous and exogenous myocardial preconditioning." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ46108.pdf.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Exogenous and endogenous factors"

1

Taylor, Cormac Thomas. Intestinal epithelial function: Regulation by exogenous and endogenous factors. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1996.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Northcott, Sally Jane. Exogenous and endogenous factors affecting the activity rhythm of 'Lipophrys pholis' L. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1989.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

1949-, Morris Mike, and University of Natal. School of Development Studies., eds. An analysis of the endogenous and exogenous factors impacting on the success of the Motor Industry Development Programme. Durban: Centre for Social and Development Studies, University of Natal, 2000.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Karshenas, Massoud. The role of exogenous and endogenous learning and economic factors in the diffusion of new technology: An epidemicbased study of the spread of colour television ownership in the UK. Coventry: University of Warwick Department of Economics, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Karshenas, Massoud. The role of exogenous and endogenous learning and economic factors in the diffusion of new technology: Anepidemic based study of the spread of colour television ownership in the UK. Coventry: University of Warwick, Dept. of Economics, 1990.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Kelly, Morgan. Human capital in exogenous and endogenous growth. Dublin: University College Dublin, Department of Economics, 1996.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Endogenous and exogenous regulation and control of physiological systems. Boca Raton, FL: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2000.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Cohen, Gideon. Methods and mechanisms of endogenous and exogenous myocardial preconditioning. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Hamel, Jean-François, and Annie Mercier. Endogenous and exogenous control of gametogenesis and spawning in echinoderms. Amsterdam: Academic Press, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Femminis, Gianluca. Exogenous and endogenous technical progress in the perpetual youth model. [s.l.]: typescript, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Exogenous and endogenous factors"

1

Quarto, Natalina, Gérard Bouche, Béatrix Bugler, Catherine Chailleux, Hervé Prats, Anne-Catherine Prats, Ana-Maria Roman, Isabelle Truchet, and François Amalric. "The Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Isoforms: Endogenous and Exogenous Behavior." In Growth Factors, Peptides and Receptors, 147–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2846-3_15.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Matkovic, Velimir, Mario Skugor, Nancy Badenhop, John Landoll, and Jasminka Ilich. "Skeletal Development in Young Females: Endogenous Versus Exogenous Factors." In Nutritional Aspects of Osteoporosis, 26–41. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2228-6_3.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Neumann, Karl-Hermann, Jafargholi Imani, and Ashwani Kumar. "Some Endogenous and Exogenous Factors in Cell Culture Systems." In Plant Cell and Tissue Culture - A Tool in Biotechnology, 139–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-93883-5_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Neumann, Karl-Hermann, Ashwani Kumar, and Jafargholi Imani. "Some Endogenous and Exogenous Factors in Cell Culture Systems." In Plant Cell and Tissue Culture – A Tool in Biotechnology, 185–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49098-0_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Baumann, Michael. "Impact of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors on Radiation Sequelae." In Late Sequelae in Oncology, 3–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46794-3_1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Sauer, Hans-Jörg. "Endogenous and Exogenous Factors Modifying Chemosensitivity to Cytostatic Drugs." In Late Sequelae in Oncology, 13–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46794-3_2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Hair, Joseph F., G. Tomas M. Hult, Christian M. Ringle, Marko Sarstedt, Nicholas P. Danks, and Soumya Ray. "Mediation Analysis." In Classroom Companion: Business, 139–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7_7.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractMediation occurs when a third variable, referred to as a mediator construct, intervenes between two other directly related constructs. More precisely, a change in the exogenous construct results in a change of the mediator construct, which in turn changes the endogenous construct. The mediator analysis evaluates the factors related to the cause–effect relationship between an exogenous construct and an endogenous construct. In the simplest form, the analysis considers only one mediator construct, but the path model can also include multiple mediating constructs simultaneously, as well as moderated mediation. We illustrate mediation analysis in PLS-SEM by using the SEMinR package and the corporate reputation model as an example.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Da Silva, Paulo Cesar, Milton Vieira Júnior, and Rosângela Maria Vanalle. "Endogenous and Exogenous Factors Influence the Competitiveness in the Brazilian Textile Sector." In Operations Management for Social Good, 733–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23816-2_72.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Walker, Elaine F. "The Role of Endogenous and Exogenous Risk Factors in the Genesis of Schizophrenia." In The Effects of Parental Dysfunction on Children, 3–15. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1739-9_1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Chaisse, Julien. "The European Union’s Normative Power in Asia: Endogenous and Exogenous Factors of the Nascent Investment Policy." In European Yearbook of International Economic Law 2015, 273–314. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46748-0_12.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Exogenous and endogenous factors"

1

Kakamoukas, Georgios, Panagiotis Sarigiannidis, and Ioannis Moscholios. "Towards Protecting Agriculture from Exogenous and Endogenous Factors: An Holistic Architecture." In 2020 12th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csndsp49049.2020.9249561.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

de Souza Nascimento, Paulo Tromboni, Abraham Sin Oih Yu, Francisco Nigro, Robson Quinello, Rosaria de Fatima S. Macri Russo, and Nilton Cesar Lima. "The case of Magneti Marelli Brasil: Endogenous and exogenous factors in local dominant technology development." In Technology. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/picmet.2009.5262268.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

"The Effect of DOTS Strategy on The Transmission of Tuberculosis with Endogenous Reactivation and Exogenous Reinfection Factors." In 3rd International Conference on Chemical, Agricultural and Medical Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c1215027.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Бровко, М., and M. Brovko. "LITHODYNAMIC PROCESSES AND ANTHROPOGENIC FORMS OF RELIEF WITHIN THE NORTHERN COAST OF THE SEA OF AZOV." In Sea Coasts – Evolution ecology, economy. Academus Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31519/conferencearticle_5b5ce38a684ed4.85578227.

Full text
Abstract:
Modern lithodynamic processes within the northern coast of the Sea of Azov depend on both the endogenous and exogenous factors. At the present stage of the coastal zone evolution the exogenous anthropogenic processes are dominant. Thus, regulation of the Azov Sea rivers has led to a decrease in revenue of alluvium, which feeds the coastal zone of the sea, consequently reducing the rates of accumulation. The intensive development of buildings of different economic values within accumulative spits and mainland coast, without any scientific justification has led to greater abrasion and changes, both qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the lithological flows.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Didenko, D., and N. Grineva. "Methodological approaches to modeling the role of institutions and technologies in the economic growth of the late USSR (mid-1950s – late 1980s)." In Historical research in the context of data science: Information resources, analytical methods and digital technologies. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1787.978-5-317-06529-4/40-48.

Full text
Abstract:
Based on historical data, we test our modified production functions, derived from exogenous growth model by Mankiw, Romer, Weil (1992) and theoretical ideas by Romer (1990). Besides physical and human capital, we augment them with proxy indicators for institutional and technological environments, and with a source of endogenous growth, i.e. R&D expenditures. We present our preliminary assessments of the role of these factors in economic growth of the late USSR in inter-country comparison.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Didenko, D., and N. Grineva. "Methodological approaches to modeling the role of institutions and technologies in the economic growth of the late USSR (mid-1950s – late 1980s)." In Historical research in the context of data science: Information resources, analytical methods and digital technologies. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1787.978-5-317-06529-4/40-48.

Full text
Abstract:
Based on historical data, we test our modified production functions, derived from exogenous growth model by Mankiw, Romer, Weil (1992) and theoretical ideas by Romer (1990). Besides physical and human capital, we augment them with proxy indicators for institutional and technological environments, and with a source of endogenous growth, i.e. R&D expenditures. We present our preliminary assessments of the role of these factors in economic growth of the late USSR in inter-country comparison.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Şerban, Octavian. "From Endogenous Growth Theory to Knowledge Economy Pyramid - Comparative Analysis of Knowledge as an Endogenous Factor of Development." In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/09.

Full text
Abstract:
The transition from the neoclassical model with exogenous input of technological progress perspective toward R&D model with endogenous growth of knowledge perspective is not completed, but the premises of innovation, research, education, and entrepreneurship push the limits of labour-intensive economy to knowledge-intensive economy, where knowledge is a valuable resource for sustainable growth in the long-run and the role of Intellectual Capital is critical for increasing productivity and competitiveness. By introducing Intellectual Capital in the endogenous growth model, instead of Human Capital, we have the possibility to reflect better the difference between the market value of production and physical value. In the technological era, innovation and research are able to increase the market value comparing with the accounting value. In the 4th Industrial Revolution, this model is able to be changed dramatically if we take into account the possibility of machines to create knowledge through Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, new biotechnologies, new materials, and nanotechnology. For this reason, the more important action for the economic processes is to manage knowledge, starting with increased awareness, accurate measurement system, improved taxonomy, dedicated processes, and so on. In such conditions, the equation of growth theory has to be rewritten soon. The purpose of this research is not to provide a silver bullet of measurement Total Factor Productivity (TFP), but to understand better the part of productivity dedicated to the intangible and to validate this approach within the KEP model. Knowledge Economy Pyramid (KEP) is a valuable environment for incubating and accelerate knowledge in the process, as long as KEP model is creating a collaborative environment where the related stakeholders – universities, factories, technology providers, government, administration, local communities, clusters – are working together in order to achieve the objective of increasing productivity and competitiveness.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Muska, Aina, Andra Zvirbule, and Irina Pilvere. "Factors affecting the development of the Bioeconomy in Latvia." In 22nd International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2021”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2021.55.002.

Full text
Abstract:
In the European Union, including Latvia, the development of the bioeconomy by exploiting the potential of research, innovation and knowledge transfer is considered to be the basis for economic growth. The research aims to assess the drivers of and barriers to bioeconomic development in Latvia and define actions facilitating the development of the national bioeconomy. The present research employed mostly SWOT analysis in combination with expert judgement. The research concluded that the overall trend in the following strengths of the bioeconomy: Research infrastructure and modern technical equipment for the development of the bioeconomic knowledge base (3S) and Vast regional coverage of and cooperation among leading research institutions in the field of bioeconomics (1S) was negative, as the total impact of the threats exceeded the total impact of the opportunities. However, the overall trend in the strength Extensive initial activities and the knowledge base for bioeconomic research (2S) was positive, as the total impact of the opportunities exceeded the total impact of the threats. The total impact of exogenous factors on the weaknesses in the development of the bioeconomy was positive; therefore, the total impact of exogenous factors tended to weaken the weaknesses. Since the largest positive impacts on endogenous factors were made by the following opportunities: Effective support for independent innovation projects implemented by large companies (3O) and Stimulation of innovation in the small and medium enterprise sector in active synergy with national research priorities and available funding (2IO), it is necessary to increase government and private sector funding for R&D in order to contribute to the development of the bioeconomy in Latvia. The availability of funding should be balanced and predictable in the long term to reduce the impact of the threat Public policies and insufficient and unpredictable funding for research and development hinder the development of bioeconomy industries and steady growth opportunities (2T). To encourage the business sector to invest in R&D, including in the bioeconomy industries, public support and various incentives for entrepreneurs are needed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Yakimova, O. V., and N. A. Yegorova. "The influence of the nutrient medium composition on the induction of calluso- and morphogenesis of Melissa officinalis L." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-100.

Full text
Abstract:
The features of the calluso- and morphogenesis induction during the cultivation of tissues and organs of Melissa officinalis depending on endogenous and exogenous factors were revealed. The maximum frequency of callus induction (59.5–92.9 %) was noted on the MS medium with 1.0 mg/l 2.4-D and 0.5 mg/l BAP. The induction of morphogenesis from callus was influenced by the composition of the culture medium, the explant type and cultivar. The maximum frequency of morphogenesis induction (20.0–28.0 % depending on the cultivar) from callus was noted on MS culture medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L BAP or 1.0 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg L TDZ.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Yuan, Qing, and Jie Meng. "Study on the influece factors of rural landscape in cold regions based on qualitative analysis and SPSS analysis." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/mdhe8888.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper is committed to improving the rural landscape in cold regions. Taking 619 samples of cold rural areas in China as the research object, this paper discusses the influence factors and the relationship of the rural landscape in cold regions. In this paper, the depth structure interview and field survey methods are used to analyze and refine the important influence factors of rural landscape in cold regions. Through the qualitative analysis of NVivo, this paper analyzes the hierarchical relationship of influence factors, and constructs the framework system of influence factors for rural landscape shaping. Then, through questionnaire survey, 619 rural samples are investigated and analyzed for the status of rural landscape impact factors, and the weight of the status quo influence factors is evaluated by SPSS multiple linear regression model. Through the comparative analysis of the results, it is found that exogenous factors play a significant role, endogenous factors lack of power; serious industrial homogenization, high landscape convergence; lack of cultural connotation, weak awareness of protection and inheritance; insufficient use of natural resources, not obvious characteristic climate advantage, and so on. According to the problems, the paper puts forward planning guidance suggestions, in order to make a beneficial contribution to the rural landscape construction in cold regions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Exogenous and endogenous factors"

1

Ludvigson, Sydney, Sai Ma, and Serena Ng. Uncertainty and Business Cycles: Exogenous Impulse or Endogenous Response? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21803.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ignatova, Valentina, Lyudmila Todorova, and Lyubomir Haralanov. Exogenous Temporal Factors for Stroke Onset. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2021.09.16.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Barash, Itamar, J. Mina Bissell, Alexander Faerman, and Moshe Shani. Modification of Milk Composition via Transgenesis: The Role of the Extracellular Matrix in Regulating Transgene Expression. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570558.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Altering milk composition via transgenesis depends on three main factors. (1) The availability of an efficient regulatory sequences for targeting transgene(s) to the mammary gland; (2) a reliable in vitro model to test the expression of transgenes prior to their introduction to the animal genome; and (3) better understanding of the major factors which determine the rate of gene expression and protein synthesis. The current studies provide the necessary means and knowledge to alter milk protein composition via transgenesis. The following specific goals were achieved: a: Identifying regulatory regions in the b-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene and the cross-talk between elements which enabled us to construct an efficient vector for the expression of desirable cDNA's in the mammary gland. b: The establishment of a sheep mammary cell line that serves as a model for the analysis of endogenous and exogenous milk protein synthesis in the mammary gland of livestock. c: An accurate comparison of the potency of the 5' regulatory sequences from the BLG and whey acidic protein (WAP) promoters in directing the expression of human serum albumin (HSA) to the mammary gland in vitro and in vivo. In this study we have also shown that sequences within the coding region may determine a specific pattern of expression for the transgene, distinct from that of the native milk protein genes. d: Characterizing the dominant role of ECM in transgene expression in mammary epithelial cells. e: Further characterization of the BCE-1 enhancer element in the promoter of the b-casein gene as a binding site for the c/EBP-b and Stat5. Identifying its interaction with chromatin and its up regulation by inhibitors of histone deacetylation. f: Identifying a mechanism of translational control as a mediator for the synergistic effect of insulin and prolactin on protein synthesis in the mammary gland.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Edwards, Brian Keith, Riccardo Boero, and Michael Kelly Rivera. Initial CGE Model Results Summary Exogenous and Endogenous Variables Tests. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1374298.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

De Castro-Valderrama, Marcela, Santiago Forero-Alvarado, Nicolás Moreno-Arias, and Sara Naranjo-Saldarriaga. Unraveling the Exogenous Forces Behind Analysts' Macroeconomic Forecasts. Banco de la República, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1184.

Full text
Abstract:
Modern macroeconomics focuses on the identification of the primitive exogenous forces generating business cycles. This is at odds with macroeconomic forecasts collected through surveys, which are about endogenous variables. To address this divorce, our paper uses a general equilibrium model as a multivariate filter to infer the shocks behind market analysts' forecasts and thus, unravel their implicit macroeconomic stories. By interpreting all analysts' forecasts through the same lenses, it is possible to understand the differences between projected endogenous variables as differences in the types and magnitudes of shocks. It also allows to explain market's uncertainty about the future in terms of analysts' disagreement about these shocks. The usefulness of the approach is illustrated by adapting the canonical SOE semi-structural model in Carabenciov et al. (2008a) to Colombia and then using it to filter forecasts of its Central Bank's Monthly Expectations Survey during the COVID-19 crisis.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Beaudry, Paul, and David Green. What is Driving US and Canadian Wages: Exogenous Technical Change or Endogenous Choice of Technique? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6853.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Friedman, Haya, Julia Vrebalov, James Giovannoni, and Edna Pesis. Unravelling the Mode of Action of Ripening-Specific MADS-box Genes for Development of Tools to Improve Banana Fruit Shelf-life and Quality. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592116.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Fruit deterioration is a consequence of a genetically-determined fruit ripening and senescence programs, in which developmental factors lead to a climacteric rise of ethylene production in ethylene-sensitive fruits such as tomato and banana. Breeding of tomato with extended fruit shelf life involves the incorporation of a mutation in RIN, a MADS-box transcription factor participating in developmental control signalling of ripening. The RIN mode of action is not fully understood, and it may be predicted to interact with other MADS-box genes to execute its effects. The overall goal of this study was to demonstrate conservation of ripening control functions between banana and tomato and thus, the potential to genetically extend shelf-life in banana based on tools developed in tomato. The specific objectives were: 1. To increase the collection of potential RIN-like genes from banana; 2. To verify their action as developmental regulators; 3. To elucidate MADS-box gene mode of action in ripening control; 4. To create transgenic banana plants that express low levels of endogenous Le-RIN- like, MaMADS- gene(s). We have conducted experiments in banana as well as in tomato. In tomato we have carried out the transformation of the tomato rin mutant with the MaMADS1 and MaMADS2 banana genes. We have also developed a number of domain swap constructs to functionally examine the ripening-specific aspects of the RIN gene. Our results show the RIN-C terminal region is essential for the gene to function in the ripening signalling pathway. We have further explored the tomato genome databases and recovered an additional MADS-box gene necessary for fruit ripening. This gene has been previously termed TAGL1 but has not been functionally characterized in transgenic plants. TAGL1 is induced during ripening and we have shown via RNAi repression that it is necessary for both fleshy fruit expansion and subsequent ripening. In banana we have cloned the full length of six MaMADS box genes from banana and determined their spatial and temporal expression patterns. We have created antibodies to MaMADS2 and initiated ChI assay. We have created four types of transgenic banana plants designed to reduce the levels of two of the MaMADS box genes. Our results show that the MaMADS-box genes expression in banana is dynamically changing after harvest and most of them are induced at the onset of the climacteric peak. Most likely, different MaMADS box genes are active in the pulp and peel and they are differently affected by ethylene. Only the MaMADS2 box gene expression is not affected by ethylene indicating that this gene might act upstream to the ethylene response pathway. The complementation analysis in tomato revealed that neither MaMADS1 nor MaMADS2 complement the rin mutation suggesting that they have functionally diverged sufficiently to not be able to interact in the context of the tomato ripening regulatory machinery. The developmental signalling pathways controlling ripening in banana and tomato are not identical and/or have diverged through evolution. Nevertheless, at least the genes MaMADS1 and MaMADS2 constitute part of the developmental control of ripening in banana, since transgenic banana plants with reduced levels of these genes are delayed in ripening. The detailed effect on peel and pulp, of these transgenic plants is underway. So far, these transgenic bananas can respond to exogenous ethylene, and they seem to ripen normally. The response to ethylene suggest that in banana the developmental pathway of ripening is different than that in tomato, because rin tomatoes do not ripen in response to exogenous ethylene, although they harbor the ethylene response capability This study has a major contribution both in scientific and agricultural aspects. Scientifically, it establishes the role of MaMADS box genes in a different crop-the banana. The developmental ripening pathway in banana is similar, but yet different from that of the model plant tomato and one of the major differences is related to ethylene effect on this pathway in banana. In addition, we have shown that different components of the MaMADS-box genes are employed in peel and pulp. The transgenic banana plants created can help to further study the ripening control in banana. An important and practical outcome of this project is that we have created several banana transgenic plants with fruit of extended shelf life. These bananas clearly demonstrate the potential of MaMADS gene control for extending shelf-life, enhancing fruit quality, increasing yield in export systems and for improving food security in areas where Musaspecies are staple food crops.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Boesten, Jan. Violence and Democracy in Colombia The Conviviality of Citizenship Defects in Colombia’s Nation-State. Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/boesten.2021.33.

Full text
Abstract:
This essay aims to utilize the concept of conviviality for connecting the coexistence of seemingly contradictory phenomena in Colombia. It argues that while conviviality implies a normative content – a society in which members do not slaughter each other is better than one in which members resort to violence – the meekness of that normative claim suggests that it is better used as an analytical tool that seeks to connect the contradictions that coexist in the real lifeworld. Colombia’s history of violence and democracy is such a contradictory case. Comparativists have situated Colombia’s deficits on the “extra-institutional playing field”, lamenting that it is a “besieged” or “threatened democracy”. Conviviality helps us to specify these “extra-institutional” defects by suggesting impediments exogenous and endogenous to the state-building logic of the Colombian nation-state.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Eshed, Yuval, and John Bowman. Harnessing Fine Scale Tuning of Endogenous Plant Regulatory Processes for Manipulation of Organ Growth. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696519.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Background and objectives: Manipulation of plant organ growth is one of the primary reasons for the success of mankind allowing increasing amounts of food for human and livestock consumption. In contrast with the successful selection for desirable growth characteristics using plant breeding, transgenic manipulations with single genes has met limited success. While breeding is based on accumulation of many small alterations of growth, usually arise from slight changes in expression patterns, transgenic manipulations are primarily based on drastic, non-specific up-regulation or knock down of genes that can exert different effects during different stages of development. To successfully harness transgenic manipulation to attain desirable plant growth traits we require the tools to subtly regulate the temporal and spatial activity of plant growth genes. Polar morphology along the adaxial/abaxial axis characterizes lateral organs of all plants. Juxtaposition of two cell types along this axis is a prerequisite of laminar growth induction. In the study summarized here, we addressed the following questions: Can we identify and harness components of the organ polarity establishment pathway for prolonged growth? Can we identify specific regulatory sequences allowing spatial and temporal manipulation in various stages of organ development? Can we identify genes associated with YABBY-induced growth alterations? Major conclusions and implications: We showed that regulated expression, both spatially and temporally of either organ polarity factors such as the YABBY genes, or the organ maturation program such as the CIN-TCPs can stimulate substantial growth of leaves and floral organs. Promoters for such fine manipulation could be identified by comparison of non-coding sequences of KAN1, where a highly conserved domain was found within the second intron, or by examination of multiple 5” regions of genes showing transient expression along leaf ontogeny. These promoters illustrate the context dependent action of any gene we examined thus far, and facilitate fine tuning of the complex growth process. Implications, both scientific and agricultural. The present study was carried out on the model organism Arabidopsis, and the broad application of its findings were tested in the tomato crop. We learned that all central regulators of organ polarity are functionally conserved, probably in all flowering plants. Thus, with minor modifications, the rules and mechanisms outlined in this work are likely to be general.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Arazi, Tzahi, Vivian Irish, and Asaph Aharoni. Micro RNA Targeted Transcription Factors for Fruit Quality Improvement. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7592651.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Fruits are unique to flowering plants and represent an important component of human and animal diets. Development and maturation of tomato fruit is a well-programmed process, and yet, only a limited number of factors involved in its regulation have been characterized. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression in animals and plants. Plant miRNAs have a vital role in the generation of plant forms through post-transcriptional regulation of the accumulation of developmental regulators, especially transcription factors. Recently, we and others have demonstrated that miRNAs and other type of small RNAs are expressed in tomato fruit, and target putative transcription factors during its development and maturation. The original objectives of the approved proposal were: 1. To identify fruit miRNA transcription factor target genes through a bioinformatic approach. 2. To identify fruit miRNA transcription factor target genes up-regulated in tomato Dicer-like 1 silenced fruit. 3. To establish the biological functions of selected transcription factors and examine their utility for improving fleshy fruit quality trait. This project was approved by BARD as a feasibility study to allow initial experiments to peruse objective 2 as described above in order to provide initial evidence that miRNAs do play a role in fruit development. The approach planned to achieve objective 2, namely to identify miRNA transcription factor targets was to clone and silence the expression of a tomato DCL1 homolog in different stages of fruit development and examine alterations to gene expression in such a fruit in order to identify pathways and target genes that are regulated by miRNA via DCL1. In parallel, we characterized two transcription factors that are regulated by miRNAs in the fruit. We report here on the cloning of tomato DCL1 homolog, characterization of its expression in fruit flesh and peel of wild type and ripening mutants and generation of transgenic plants that silence SlDCL1 specifically in the fruit. Our results suggest that the tomato homolog of DCL1, which is the major plant enzyme involved in miRNA biogenesis, is present in fruit flesh and peel and differentially expressed during various stages of fruit development. In addition, its expression is altered in ripening mutants. We also report on the cloning and expression analysis of Sl_SBP and Sl_ARF transcription factors, which serve as targets of miR157 and miR160, respectively. Our data suggest that Sl_SBP levels are highest during fruit ripening supporting a role for this gene in that process. On the other hand Sl_ARF is strongly expressed in green fruit up to breaker indicating a role for that gene at preripening stage which is consistent with preliminary in_situ analyses that suggest expression in ovules of immature green fruit. The results of this feasibility study together with our previous results that miRNAs are expressed in the fruit indeed provide initial evidence that these regulators and their targets play roles in fruit development and ripening. These genes are expected to provide novel means for genetic improvement of tomato fleshy fruit.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Exogenous and endogenous factors' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography