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Journal articles on the topic 'Exogenous and endogenous factors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

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1

Rojo, Carmen, Keve T. Kiss, Miguel Álvarez-Cobelas, and María A. Rodrigo. "Population dynamics of Cyclotella ocellata (Bacillariophyceae): endogenous and exogenous factors." Fundamental and Applied Limnology 145, no. 4 (July 26, 1999): 479–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/145/1999/479.

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2

Henderson, Brian E. "Endogenous and Exogenous Endocrine Factors." Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America 3, no. 4 (December 1989): 577–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8588(18)30521-5.

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3

Svetlana, Ilyinykh. "Youth entrepreneurship: endogenous and exogenous factors." Ideas and Ideals 2, no. 4 (December 21, 2015): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2015-4.2-87-95.

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4

Hasan Thwaini, Falah, and Ahmed Abdulzahra Hamdan. "Money supply. Endogenous or exogenous variable? With reference to Iraq." Banks and Bank Systems 12, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.12(4-1).2017.03.

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The issue of whether money supply is a dependent or an independent variable remains a debating one, especially with the ongoing development and innovation of institutions, tools, and financial, monetary, and banking derivatives. In general, we can say that there are two trends of thought about the issue under consideration. The first trend views money supply as an exogenous variable because the monetary authority can control and monitor it. The second one views money supply as an endogenous variable because Federal Bank has no ability to affect it, especially when nominal or money income is changed and reflected on money multiplier and money supply, and also when the monetary authority cannot restrict the monetary expansion as a result of different factors related to the economy structure or related to other non-economic factors.

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5

Lammintausta, K., and H. I. Maibach. "Exogenous and Endogenous Factors in Skin Irritation." International Journal of Dermatology 27, no. 4 (May 1988): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1988.tb03212.x.

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6

Ames, Bruce N. "Mutagenesis and carcinogenesis: Endogenous and exogenous factors." Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 14, S16 (1989): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/em.2850140614.

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7

Levinson, M., B. Oswald, and S. Quarfordt. "Serum factors influencing cultured hepatocyte exogenous and endogenous triglyceride." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 259, no. 1 (July 1, 1990): G15—G20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1990.259.1.g15.

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Rat hepatocyte monolayer triglyceride content was increased modestly by incubations with apolipoprotein E-containing triglyceride emulsions or chylomicrons (exogenous) and was increased substantially by increasing media free fatty acid concentrations (endogenous). The secretion of both endogenous and exogenous triglyceride into media was enhanced by additions of serum and serum components. These additions not only enhanced hepatocyte triglyceride secretion but also, because of the absence of media lipolysis, more triglyceride was recovered in the system. Lipoprotein-free serum replicated the effect of whole serum. Lipoprotein produced a more modest secretory response. The apolipoprotein C components were the only ones that enhanced hepatic triglyceride secretion. Both lipoprotein-free plasma and lipoprotein enhanced the in vitro transfer of hepatocyte exogenous triglyceride to fibroblast.

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8

Garcı́a-Garcı́a, Fabio, and René Drucker-Colı́n. "Endogenous and exogenous factors on sleep–wake cycle regulation." Progress in Neurobiology 58, no. 4 (July 1999): 297–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-0082(98)00086-0.

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9

Bykanov, A. E., D. I. Pitskhelauri, N. S. Grachev, D. E. Semenov, R. A. Sufianov, K. S. Yashin, and K. B. Matuev. "Endogenous and Exogenous Factors Affecting the Surgical Technique (Review)." Sovremennye tehnologii v medicine 12, no. 2 (April 2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17691/stm2020.12.2.12.

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10

Eyi, Y. Emrah, Memduh Yetim, and Sukru Tekindur. "Endogenous and exogenous factors affecting the levels of carboxyhemoglobin." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 33, no. 9 (September 2015): 1310–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.05.005.

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11

Hernández Plaza, Eva, Luis Navarrete, Carlos Lacasta, and José Luis González-Andujar. "Fluctuations in plant populations: role of exogenous and endogenous factors." Journal of Vegetation Science 23, no. 4 (January 20, 2012): 640–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01381.x.

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12

Manser, Michael P., and Peter A. Hancock. "Endogenous and Exogenous Factors Affecting Estimations of Time-To-Contact." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 14 (October 1995): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503901437.

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13

Milhaud, Xavier. "EXOGENOUS AND ENDOGENOUS RISK FACTORS MANAGEMENT TO PREDICT SURRENDER BEHAVIOURS." ASTIN Bulletin 43, no. 3 (July 11, 2013): 373–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asb.2013.2.

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AbstractInsurers have been concerned about surrenders for a long time especially in saving business, where huge sums are at stake. The emergence of the European directive Solvency II, which promotes the development of internal risk models (among which a complete unit is dedicated to surrender risk management), strengthens the necessity to deeply study and understand this risk. In this paper, we investigate the topics of segmenting and modelling surrenders in order to better take into account the main risk factors impacting policyholders' decisions. We find that several complex aspects must be specifically dealt with to predict surrenders, in particular the heterogeneity of behaviour as well as the context faced by the insured. Combining them, we develop a new methodology that seems to provide good results on given business lines, and that moreover can be adapted for other products with little effort.

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14

Lomovtseva, Olga, Svetlana Soboleva, and Alexander Sobolev. "Genesis of disequilibrium in economic microsystems: exogenous and endogenous factors." Theoretical and practical aspects of Management, no. 1 (January 2021): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46486/0234-4505-2021-1-21-35.

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15

Bonada, Núria, Sylvain Dolédec, and Bernhard Statzner. "Spatial autocorrelation patterns of stream invertebrates: exogenous and endogenous factors." Journal of Biogeography 39, no. 1 (July 21, 2011): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02562.x.

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16

Mander, C., J. H. Elder, J. Keillor, and Y. Hou. "Co-determination of attentional allocation by endogenous and exogenous factors." Journal of Vision 9, no. 8 (March 21, 2010): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/9.8.135.

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17

Gatherwright, James, Mengyuan T. Liu, Christy Gliniak, Ali Totonchi, and Bahman Guyuron. "The Contribution of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors to Female Alopecia." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 130, no. 6 (December 2012): 1219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0b013e31826d104f.

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18

Gatherwright, James, Mengyuan T. Liu, Bardia Amirlak, Christy Gliniak, Ali Totonchi, and Bahman Guyuron. "The Contribution of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors to Male Alopecia." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 131, no. 5 (May 2013): 794e—801e. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/prs.0b013e3182865ca9.

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19

Sarrazin, J., M. Portail, E. Legrand, C. Cathalot, A. Laes, N. Lahaye, P. M. Sarradin, and B. Husson. "Endogenous versus exogenous factors: What matters for vent mussel communities?" Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 160 (June 2020): 103260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2020.103260.

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20

Lutz, Werner K., and T. Fekete. "Endogenous and exogenous factors in carcinogenesis: limits to cancer prevention." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 68, no. 2 (January 1996): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00381244.

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21

Kakavas, Sotirios, Aggeliki Papanikolaou, Evangelos Ballis, Nikolaos Tatsis, Christina Goga, and Georgios Tatsis. "Re: Endogenous and exogenous factors affecting the levels of carboxyhemoglobin." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 33, no. 9 (September 2015): 1309–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.05.006.

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22

Lutz, W. K., and T. Fekete. "Endogenous and exogenous factors in carcinogenesis: limits to cancer prevention." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 68, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050037.

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23

Nazarkevych, Ihor B. "Exogenous and endogenous factors of structural transformations in national economy." Economies' Horizons, no. 3(10) (September 30, 2019): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2616-5236.3(10).2019.219064.

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The economies of developing countries, including Ukraine, are characterized by high volatility of macroeconomic indicators, which leads to high economic potential with low resistance to crisis shocks, both internal and external. Factors of structural changes in the national economy have not only endogenous and exogenous manifestations, but also multiplicative and accelerating effects. Moreover, these effects can be both positive and negative for the economy as a whole or for its individual components, especially in the environment of intense cyclical fluctuations. The purpose of the research. Identification and systematization of endogenous and exogenous factors influencing the intensity and nature of structural changes in the national economy. Methods. The study uses the systems approach that involves the use of methods of analysis, synthesis, classification, systematization, which allows to clarify and distinguish the structure and nature of exogenous and endogenous factors of transformation of the national economy, the formation of innovation-based development model and its impact on structural transformation in Ukraine. Results. Models of the analysis of factors’ impact upon the structure of national economy, associated with multiplicative and accelerating effects, are investigated. The matrix of factors of the structural transformations in the national economy is identified and systematized that will allow to perform the complex analysis of influence of these factors. Practical meaning. Macroeconomic effects that occur as a result of influence of endogenous and exogenous factors on socio-economic development of the national economy are justified. Prospects for further research. Formation of development institutions, civil society, innovation infrastructure will not only intensify innovation processes, but also optimize the impact of economic and non-economic factors upon building of an effective model of sustainable development of the national economy, where the innovation-oriented structural policy should be the major regulatory tool.

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24

Liu, Tao, Na Zhou, Qiaosheng Wu, Dandan Wang, and Xiangping Hu. "Toward a sustainable energy system in China: Status and influencing factors." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 40, no. 2 (November 15, 2021): 580–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01445987211054224.

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This paper focused on the endogenous and exogenous factors that affect China's sustainable energy system (SES). 19 Endogenous factors, from economic sustainability dimension, social sustainability dimension, environmental sustainability dimension and energy security dimension assessed China's SES by entropy method-analytic hierarchy process-criteria importance through intercriteria correlation method (EM-AHP-CRITIC). We used urbanization, foreign direct investment and industrialization as exogenous variables and explored the extent of their long-term and short-term impacts on China's SES by autoregressive distributed lag-error correction (ARDL-ECM) model.

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25

SORNETTE, D., V. I. YUKALOV, E. P. YUKALOVA, J. Y. HENRY, D. SCHWAB, and J. P. COBB. "ENDOGENOUS VERSUS EXOGENOUS ORIGINS OF DISEASES." Journal of Biological Systems 17, no. 02 (June 2009): 225–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339009002880.

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Many illnesses are associated with an alteration of the immune system homeostasis due to a combination of factors, including exogenous bacterial insult, endogenous breakdown (e.g. development of a disease that results in immuno suppression), or an exogenous hit like surgery that simultaneously alters immune responsiveness and provides access to bacteria, or genetic disorder. We conjecture that, as a consequence of the co-evolution of the human immune system with the ecology of pathogens, the homeostasis of the immune system requires the influx of pathogens. This allows the immune system to keep the ever-present pathogens under control and to react and adjust fast to bursts of infections. We construct the simplest and most general system of rate equations which describes the dynamics of five compartments: healthy cells, altered cells, adaptive immune cells, innate immune cells, and pathogens. We study four regimes obtained with or without auto-immune disorder and with or without spontaneous proliferation of infected cells. For each of the four regimes, the phase space is always characterized by four (but not necessary identical) coexisting stationary structurally stable states. Over all four regimes among the 4 × 4 possibilities, there are only seven different states that are naturally described by the model: (i) strong healthy immune system, (ii) healthy organism with evanescent immune cells, (iii) chronic infections, (iv) strong infections, (v) cancer, (vi) critically ill state, and (vii) death. Our description provides a natural framework for describing the relationships and transitions between these seven states. The analysis of stability conditions demonstrates that these seven states depend on the balance between the robustness of the immune system and the influx of pathogens. In particular, the healthy state A is found to exist only under the influence of a sufficiently large pathogen flux, which suggests that health is not the absence of pathogens, but rather a strong ability to find balance by counteracting any pathogen attack.

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26

Chirwa, Themba G., and Nicholas M. Odhiambo. "Exogenous and Endogenous Growth Models: a Critical Review." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 21, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cer-2018-0027.

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The main divisions of the theoretical economic growth literature that we study today include exogenous and endogenous growth models that have transitioned through a number of notions and criticisms. Proponents of exogenous growth models argue that technological progress is the key determinant of long‑run economic growth as well as international productivity differences. Within the endogenous growth models, there are two notions that are propagated. The first postulates that capital used for innovative purposes can exhibit increasing returns to scale and thus account for the international productivity differences we observe today. The key determinants include knowledge, human capital, and research and development. The second argues that factors that affect the efficiency of capital, and hence cause capital flight, can also explain international productivity differences. These factors that affect the efficiency of capital include government spending, inflation, real exchange rates, and real interest rates. Our study results reveal that there is still no agreement on the dominant theoretical economic growth model amongst economists that can fully account for international productivity differences. We conclude that the future of theoretical economic growth is far from over and more work needs to be done to develop more practical structural economic growth models.

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27

Kim, Ekaterina I., Diana А. Dimitrova, Diana A. Dimitrova, Nino N. Katamadze, and Tamara S. Dzantieva. "Endogenous and exogenous interferences in thyroid function immunoassays." Clinical and experimental thyroidology 16, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/ket12698.

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Laboratory diagnosis of endocrine diseases has undergone many important changes over the past decades, despite the progress of thyroid function immunoassays technologies interferences cannot be completely excluded. These interferences can affect measurement of analyte which leads to misinterpretation and subsequent wrong clinical decisions, the probability of which is about 1%. However, the scale of the problem may be greater due to the lack of awareness to the problem among doctors and the lack of laboratory screening for interfering factors. These factors can be both endogenous and exogenous, bind both to antibodies to the analyte and to the reagent in the test system. The specificity of the immunoassay depends not only on the binding properties of antibodies, the activity of reagent, but also on the composition of the test system and the format of the methodology (non-competitive two-site or “sandwich” and competitive assays). This review provides a description of the main interferences that can affect the measurement of thyroid hormones, in particular thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxine and triiodothyronine, calcitonin, and demonstrates clinical cases reported in the literature over the past few years.

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28

Chen, Ai-Hong, Muhamad Syukri Mohamad Rafiuddin, and Stuart Coupland. "Exogenous Factors Affecting Multifocal Electroretinogram: A mini review." Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science 14, no. 1 (July 14, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5384/sjovs.v14i1.123.

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Multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) is an important diagnostic tool in the clinical evaluation of central electro-retinal function of the macula. To enhance the diagnostic values and to improve its accuracy and internal consistency, it is crucial to examine carefully the endogenous and exogenous factors that affect mfERG recordings and clinical interpretations. This mini review focuses on three aspects of exogenous factors including (1) physiological variations pertaining to age and gender; (2) systemic changes owing to oxygen, blood pressure and glucose levels; (3) individual variables due to refractive status, pupil size, luminance and viewing condition.

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29

Narasimhan, Padmanesan, James Wood, Chandini Raina MacIntyre, and Dilip Mathai. "Risk Factors for Tuberculosis." Pulmonary Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/828939.

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The risk of progression from exposure to the tuberculosis bacilli to the development of active disease is a two-stage process governed by both exogenous and endogenous risk factors. Exogenous factors play a key role in accentuating the progression from exposure to infection among which the bacillary load in the sputum and the proximity of an individual to an infectious TB case are key factors. Similarly endogenous factors lead in progression from infection to active TB disease. Along with well-established risk factors (such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), malnutrition, and young age), emerging variables such as diabetes, indoor air pollution, alcohol, use of immunosuppressive drugs, and tobacco smoke play a significant role at both the individual and population level. Socioeconomic and behavioral factors are also shown to increase the susceptibility to infection. Specific groups such as health care workers and indigenous population are also at an increased risk of TB infection and disease. This paper summarizes these factors along with health system issues such as the effects of delay in diagnosis of TB in the transmission of the bacilli.

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30

Yang, Guo-Jing, Barry W. Brook, Peter I. Whelan, Sam Cleland, and Corey J. A. Bradshaw. "ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS FACTORS CONTROLLING TEMPORAL ABUNDANCE PATTERNS OF TROPICAL MOSQUITOES." Ecological Applications 18, no. 8 (December 2, 2008): 2028–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/07-1209.1.

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31

Zuppardo, Raffaella Alessia, Milena Di Leo, Alessandro Mannucci, Graziana Antoci, Francesco Azzolini, Dario Esposito, Lorella Fanti, et al. "Tu1670 – Exogenous and Endogenous Associated Factors to Early Onset Colorectal Cancer." Gastroenterology 156, no. 6 (May 2019): S—1085—S—1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(19)39674-x.

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32

Neethling, Nikki E., Surendranath P. Suman, Gunnar O. Sigge, Louwrens C. Hoffman, and Melvin C. Hunt. "Exogenous and Endogenous Factors Influencing Color of Fresh Meat from Ungulates." Meat and Muscle Biology 1, no. 1 (2017): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.22175/mmb2017.06.0032.

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33

BAINES, M. G., and R. L. GENDRON. "Are Both Endogenous and Exogenous Factors Involved in Spontaneous Foetal Abortion?" Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 46, no. 2 (February 1991): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006254-199102000-00002.

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34

Gatherwright, James, Bardia Amirlak, David Rowe, Mengyuan Liu, Christy Gliniak, Ali Totonchi, and Bahman Guyuron. "The Relative Contribution of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors to Male Alopecia." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 128 (October 2011): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000406222.54557.75.

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35

Gatherwright, James, Bardia Amirlak, Christy Gliniak, Mengyuan Liu, David Rowe, Ali Totonchi, and Bahman Guyuron. "The Relative Contribution of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors to Female Alopecia." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 128 (October 2011): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000406290.72963.29.

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36

Kostyaev, Sergey. "Russia’s Image in the USA: Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Factors." Гуманитарные науки. Вестник Финансового университета 5, no. 2 (June 17, 2015): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11592.

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37

Guney, Yilmaz. "Exogenous and Endogenous Factors Influencing Students' Performance in Undergraduate Accounting Modules." Accounting Education 18, no. 1 (February 2009): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09639280701740142.

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38

Baines, M. G., and R. L. Gendron. "Are both endogenous and exogenous factors involved in spontaneous foetal abortion?" Research in Immunology 141, no. 2 (February 1990): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-2494(90)90135-l.

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39

Shen, Lianqing, Guangyao Su, Xiangyang Wang, Qizhen Du, and Kuiwu Wang. "Endogenous and exogenous enzymolysis of vegetable-sourced glucosinolates and influencing factors." Food Chemistry 119, no. 3 (April 1, 2010): 987–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.08.003.

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40

Semin, Aleksandr, Vitaliy Mazloev, and Alihan Kibirov. "EXOGENIC AND ENDOGENIC FACTORS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRARIAN SPHERE OF THE ECONOMY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH OSSETIA." Russian Journal of Management 8, no. 4 (January 25, 2021): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2020-8-4-106-110.

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The study is devoted to the development of the agrarian sphere of unrecognized (partially recognized) small states, on the example of the Republic of South Ossetia. The purpose of this work is to identify exogenous and endogenous factors affecting the increase in the efficiency of agricultural production within the framework of the export-oriented model of the national economy of the RSO. Research object: the economy of agriculture of the RSO. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by the provisions revealing (1) the results of the analysis of criteria, endogenous and exogenous factors affecting the development of South Ossetia, (2) determining the directions of improving the organizational and economic mechanism of agricultural development in the RSO, based on endogenous and exogenous factors, (3) characteristics of the economic -institutional solutions to overcome barriers to intensifying the export of agricultural products, tourist services, etc.

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41

WEI, Yan, Jun-Ye MIAO, and Ying LIU. "Endogenous and Exogenous Factors in Hyperphosphorylation of Tau in Alzheimer′s Disease*." PROGRESS IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS 39, no. 8 (September 3, 2012): 778–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1206.2012.00365.

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42

Prymas, Anna, and Janina Stopa. "Impact of exogenous and endogenous environmental factors on non-carious lesion formation." Journal of Stomatology (Czasopismo Stomatologiczne) 66, no. 2 (February 23, 2013): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/00114553.1035083.

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43

Zuppardo, R. A., M. Di Leo, A. Mannucci, G. Antoci, F. Azzolini, D. Esposito, L. Fanti, et al. "P.02.11 EXOGENOUS AND ENDOGENOUS ASSOCIATED FACTORS TO EARLY ONSET COLORECTAL CANCER." Digestive and Liver Disease 51 (March 2019): e152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1590-8658(19)30296-8.

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44

Ogino, Shuji, Jonathan A. Nowak, Tsuyoshi Hamada, Amanda I. Phipps, Ulrike Peters, Danny A. Milner Jr, Edward L. Giovannucci, et al. "Integrative analysis of exogenous, endogenous, tumour and immune factors for precision medicine." Gut 67, no. 6 (February 6, 2018): 1168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315537.

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Immunotherapy strategies targeting immune checkpoints such as the CTLA4 and CD274 (programmed cell death 1 ligand 1, PD-L1)/PDCD1 (programmed cell death 1, PD-1) T-cell coreceptor pathways are revolutionising oncology. The approval of pembrolizumab use for solid tumours with high-level microsatellite instability or mismatch repair deficiency by the US Food and Drug Administration highlights promise of precision immuno-oncology. However, despite evidence indicating influences of exogenous and endogenous factors such as diet, nutrients, alcohol, smoking, obesity, lifestyle, environmental exposures and microbiome on tumour-immune interactions, integrative analyses of those factors and immunity lag behind. Immune cell analyses in the tumour microenvironment have not adequately been integrated into large-scale studies. Addressing this gap, the transdisciplinary field of molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) offers research frameworks to integrate tumour immunology into population health sciences, and link the exposures and germline genetics (eg, HLA genotypes) to tumour and immune characteristics. Multilevel research using bioinformatics, in vivo pathology and omics (genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) technologies is possible with use of tissue, peripheral blood circulating cells, cell-free plasma, stool, sputum, urine and other body fluids. This immunology-MPE model can synergise with experimental immunology, microbiology and systems biology. GI neoplasms represent exemplary diseases for the immunology-MPE model, given rich microbiota and immune tissues of intestines, and the well-established carcinogenic role of intestinal inflammation. Proof-of-principle studies on colorectal cancer provided insights into immunomodulating effects of aspirin, vitamin D, inflammatory diets and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The integrated immunology-MPE model can contribute to better understanding of environment-tumour-immune interactions, and effective immunoprevention and immunotherapy strategies for precision medicine.

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45

D’Occhio, Michael J., Sarvpreet S. Ghuman, Gianluca Neglia, Giovanni della Valle, Pietro S. Baruselli, Luigi Zicarelli, José A. Visintin, Mihir Sarkar, and Giuseppe Campanile. "Exogenous and endogenous factors in seasonality of reproduction in buffalo: A review." Theriogenology 150 (July 2020): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.044.

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46

Mngomezulu, Bheki R. "Endogenous and Exogenous Factors Affecting Energy Reforms in Africa: A Critical Analysis." Journal of Social Sciences 49, no. 3-1 (December 2016): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2016.11893613.

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47

Hassan, Mazen. "Institutional factors affecting party systems in new democracies: endogenous or exogenous predictors?" Democratization 20, no. 4 (June 2013): 668–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13510347.2012.659022.

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Decuypere, E., J. Buyse, and N. Buys. "Ascites in broiler chickens: exogenous and endogenous structural and functional causal factors." World's Poultry Science Journal 56, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/wps20000025.

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Zalewska, Polina, and Małgorzata Radwan-Oczko. "Physiological and pathological tongue conditions – the role of endogenous and exogenous factors." Medycyna Ogólna i Nauki o Zdrowiu 27, no. 4 (December 27, 2021): 407–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26444/monz/142466.

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Hodgson, Nancy, and Fanghong Dong. "Chronobiological Factors Related to Sleep and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Persons Living With Dementia." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1690.

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Abstract:

Abstract Circadian rhythm disturbances (CRD) are commonly seen in people living with dementia. A clear understanding of the role of CRD in dementia etiology will be beneficial by exploring the exogenous factors (externally influence the duration of sleep hours, such as light/dark cycles) and endogenous factors (internal biological rhythm, such as diurnal cortisol pattern). This symposium will apply a chronobiological approach to study exogenous and endogenous factors that influence circadian rhythm and their effects on sleep and neuropsychiatric symptoms in persons living with dementia (PLWD). Four paper presentations will use secondary data analysis of data from the Healthy Patterns Clinical Trial (NCT03682185), a randomized controlled trial of a home-based activity intervention designed to improve circadian rhythm disorders in PLWD. We will first describe the circadian rhythm pattern reflected by endogenous factors (salivary cortisol), then examine salivary cortisol (endogenous) and white light intensity (exogenous) and on subjective sleep and neuropsychiatric symptoms (including depression) in PLWD, respectively. In session 1, we will present cortisol diurnal rhythm pattern in PLWD using a cross-sectional design. In session 2, we will discuss the relationship between salivary cortisol indicators and depressive symptoms. In session 3, we focus on the association between diurnal cortisol slope and neuropsychiatric symptoms using the baseline data. In session 4, we describe the association between evening white light exposure and subjective sleep. The discussant will describe how these findings build on our understanding the nature of circadian rhythm disturbance in dementia and inform future research and treatment approaches.

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