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Journal articles on the topic 'Exophora'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Cornish, Francis. "‘Antecedentless’ anaphors: deixis, anaphora, or what? Some evidence from English and French." Journal of Linguistics 32, no. 1 (March 1996): 19–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700000748.

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Taking a cognitive perspective, and concentrating on instances of exophora (or so-called ‘antecedentless’ anaphora), where by definition there is no co-occurring expression in terms of which a given anaphor might be interpreted (i.e. a potential ‘antecedent’), I aim to show, firstly, that so-called exophora falls within the category of anaphora proper and not deixis; secondly, that it is in terms of a conceptual representation of the situation being evoked, and not in terms of the physical situation itself, that the anaphor is interpreted; and finally, that exophora is in reality a more central manifestation of anaphora than the ‘endophoric’ type, where the ‘antecedent’ expression co-occurs with the anaphor.I will base the discussion on naturally occurring data from French and English, and will consider the contributions of gender- and number-marking within pronominal anaphors, as well as of such features of the anaphoric segment as the argument and referent-order statuses assigned to an anaphor by the governing predicator and its modifiers, and the stress and pitch characteristics of the anaphor. All these features play an important role in the assignment of a full interpretation to so-called ‘endophoric’ anaphors just as much as ‘exophoric’ ones, thereby weakening the theoretical basis for the distinction between the two types.

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2

Fakhriana, Hasymi. "EKSOFORA DALAM BAHASA BANJAR (EXOPHORA IN BANJARESE LANGUAGE)." JURNAL BAHASA, SASTRA DAN PEMBELAJARANNYA 7, no. 2 (January 26, 2018): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jbsp.v7i2.4426.

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Eksofora dalam Bahasa Banjar. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai eksofora dalam bahasa Banjar.Eksofora adalah hal atau fungsi menunjuk kembali kepada sesuatu yang ada di luar bahasa atau padasituasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis eksfora dalam tuturan bahasa Banjar.Metode yang digunakan metode deskripsif dengan pendekatan kualitatif, yaitu prosedur penelitianyang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis atau lisan. Data yang digunakan dalampenelitian ini dibagi menjadi menjadi dua bagian, yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Data primerberupa tuturan lisan yang diperoleh dari informan yang menguasai bahasa Banjar. Data sekunderberupa informasi yang diperoleh dari buku-buku cerita berbahasa Banjar. Data yang diambil dalampenelitian ini berupa sejumlah ujaran yang berupa kata, frasa, dan kalimat yang menyangkut masalaheksofora. Pengumpulan data ini menggunakan metode simak. Istilah menyimak di sini tidak hanyaberkaitan dengan pengunaan bahasa secara lisan, tetapi juga penggunaan bahasa secara tertulis.Metode ini memiliki teknik dasar yang berwujud teknik sadap. Dalam teknik selanjutnya, teknik sadapini diikuti dengan teknik lanjutan yang berupa teknik simak libat cakap, teknik simak bebas libat cakap,catat dan teknik rekam. Teknik libat cakap maksudnya si peneliti melakukan penyadapan itu dengancara berpartisipasi sambil menyimak, berpartisipasi dalam pembicaraan, dan menyimak pembicaraan.Selanjutnya teknik catat adalah teknik lanjutan yang dilakukan ketika menerapkan metode simakdengan teknik lanjutan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah modelinteraktif dilakukan melalui empat tahap kegiatan, yaitu (a) pengumpulan data, (b) reduksi data,(c) penyajian data, dan (d) penyimpulan/verifikasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa 1)Wujud kata atau frasa yang tergolong deiksis persona dalam bahasa Banjar meliputi a) bentuk bebas, b)bentuk terikat, c) bentuk dasar, dan d) bentuk turunan. 2) Wujud kata atau frasa yang tergolong deiksiswaktu dalam bahasa Banjar meliputi a) pronomina penunjuk temporal, b) pronomina penunjukkandeskriptif, dan c) promonima penunjukkan dimensional. 3) Wujud kata dan frasa yang tergolong deiksistempat dalam bahasa Banjar meliputi a) pronomina penunjuk lokotif. 4) Kategori deiksis yang eksoforadalam tuturan bahasa Banjar meliputi a) pronomina persona pertama, b) pronomina persona kedua, c)pronomina persona ketiga, d) pronomina yang direduplikasikan, dan e) sifat khas leksem persona dalambahasa Banjar. 5) Ciri sintaksis yang memperlihatkan gejala eksofora dalam bahasa Banjar meliputia) fungsi sintaksis unsur-unsur kalimat (menduduki fungsi subjek, objek, dan keterangan) b) Peransemantik unsur-unsur kalimat (pelaku, pengalam, peruntung).Kata-kata kunci: eksofora, deiksis, bahasa banjar

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3

Hangyo, Masatsugu, Daisuke Kawahara, and Sadao Kurohashi. "Japanese Zero Reference Resolution Considering Zero Exophora and Author/Reader Mentions." Journal of Natural Language Processing 21, no. 3 (2014): 563–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.5715/jnlp.21.563.

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4

Sango, Mizuki, Hitoshi Nishikawa, and Takenobu Tokunaga. "Domain Adaptation in Japanese Predicate-Argument Structure Analysis considering First and Second Person Exophora." Journal of Natural Language Processing 26, no. 2 (June 15, 2019): 483–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.5715/jnlp.26.483.

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5

Atuanya, George Nnamdi, Osayimwen Osas Ero, and Raphael Uchenna Enyinnaya Akpalaba. "Evaluating the Effect of Retinal Defocus (Blur) on Lateral Heterophoria." Journal of the Nigerian Optometric Association 23, no. 1 (June 11, 2021): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jnoa.v23i1.4.

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Purpose: This study was conducted to ascertain the effect of retinal defocusing or retinal blur on lateral heterophoria at far and near.Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study involving 57 participants aged 5 to 35 years, who were selected based on the inclusion criteria of being myopes and emmetropes who had a normal general and ocular health. The Von Graefe technique was used for measuring phoria under standard testing conditions.Results: The mean baseline lateral phoria for emmetropes were 0.53 ± 1.14∆ exophoria and 2.47 ± 2.08∆ exophoria at far and near respectively, while after defocusing, it was 2.80 ± 0.88∆ exophoria and 4.34 ± 1.70∆ exophoria at far and near respectively. For myopes, the baseline lateral phoria was 1.52 ± 1.09∆ exophoria and 4.76 ± 1.13∆ exophoria at far and near respectively while after defocussing, it was 3.39 ± 0.92∆ exophoria at far and 7.60 ± 1.00∆ exophoria at near. The mean difference in lateral phoria was found to be significant at the 95% confidence level (P = 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference in lateral phoria change at far (P = 0.072), while the near phoria difference was significant (P = 0.002).Conclusion: Gas Retinal defocusing with +2.50D resulted in a shift towards exophoria at both far and near, with myopes experiencing more exophoric shift. This is because they are less sensitive to the presence of blur. This will enable practitioners to be cautious of the inhibition of accommodation due to higher exophoria at near when prescribing lenses. Keywords: Retinal Defocus, Myopia, Emmetropia, Near lateral phoria, Distance lateral phoria.

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6

Rian Meriandini, I. Gusti Ayu, Made Ratna Dian Aryani, and I. Made Budiana. "Deiksis Persona pada Pronomina Persona dalam Anime Barakamon Karya Tachibana Masaki." Humanis 23, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jh.2019.v23.i03.p11.

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The title of this research is “Personal Deixis on Personal Pronoun of Barakamon Anime Created by Tachibana Masaki” that aimed to research the deixis form, deixis reference, and deictic shift on personal pronoun of Barakamon anime 1-12 episode created by Tachibana Masaki. This research was analyzed by using descriptive method and informal technique. Deixis form and deixis reference analysis used personal deixis of pragmatic theory by Yule (1996) and personal deixis reference by Halliday and Hasan (1976). While the deictic shift analysis used personal deictic shift theory by Purwo (1984). The result of this research is on Barakamon anime was found three types of person deixis in the personal pronoun with each type of person deixis divided into two forms are singular and plural i.e. first personal deixis e.g. watashi, atashi, boku, ore, uchi, watashitachi, watashira, atashira, bokutachi, bokura, oretachi, orera, uchira, and wareware, second personal deixis e.g. anata, anta, kimi, omae, anatatachi, antatachi, antara, omaetachi, and omaera, and third personal deixis e.g. kare, koitsu, soitsu, aitsu, koitsura and aitsura. Deixis reference that found are exophora reference and endophora reference with anaphora category. And deictic shift that found are personal deictic shifting first personal form for second personal by using watashi, personal deictic shifting second personal form for first personal by using omae and omaera, and personal deictic shifting second personal form for third personal by using anata and omae.

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7

Cooper, Jason F., Ryan J. Guasp, Meghan Lee Arnold, Barth D. Grant, and Monica Driscoll. "Stress increases in exopher-mediated neuronal extrusion require lipid biosynthesis, FGF, and EGF RAS/MAPK signaling." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 36 (September 2, 2021): e2101410118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101410118.

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In human neurodegenerative diseases, neurons can transfer toxic protein aggregates to surrounding cells, promoting pathology via poorly understood mechanisms. In Caenorhabditis elegans, proteostressed neurons can expel neurotoxic proteins in large, membrane-bound vesicles called exophers. We investigated how specific stresses impact neuronal trash expulsion to show that neuronal exopher production can be markedly elevated by oxidative and osmotic stress. Unexpectedly, we also found that fasting dramatically increases exophergenesis. Mechanistic dissection focused on identifying nonautonomous factors that sense and activate the fasting-induced exopher response revealed that DAF16/FOXO-dependent and -independent processes are engaged. Fasting-induced exopher elevation requires the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT-1, lipid synthesis transcription factors Mediator complex MDT-15 and SBP-1/SREPB1, and fatty acid synthase FASN-1, implicating remotely initiated lipid signaling in neuronal trash elimination. A conserved fibroblast growth factor (FGF)/RAS/MAPK signaling pathway that acts downstream of, or in parallel to, lipid signaling also promotes fasting-induced neuronal exopher elevation. A germline-based epidermal growth factor (EGF) signal that acts through neurons is also required for exopher production. Our data define a nonautonomous network that links food availability changes to remote, and extreme, neuronal homeostasis responses relevant to aggregate transfer biology.

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8

Lipunova, O. A., I. L. Plisov, V. V. Cherhykh, N. G. Antsiferova, V. B. Pushchina, and G. V. Gladysheva. "Exophoria: clinical features, diagnosis, treatment. The modern view on the problem. Literature review." Modern technologies in ophtalmology, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2312-4911-2021-2-52-55.

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Purpose. Create a summary classification of exophoria. To propose an optimal algorithm for optometric and surgical methods of treatment. A modern view of the problem. It is optimal to subdivide exophoria according to the state of the vergent-duction balance into divergence excess, basic exophoria, convergence insufficiency, divergence pseudo-excess, lateral gaze incomitance. By the degree of compensation for compensated, subcompensated, uncompensated, decompensated. In combination with alphabetic pattern for exophoria without pattern, exophoria in combination with horizontal type A pattern, exophoria in combination with vertical type A pattern, exophoria in combination with horizontal type V pattern, exophoria in combination with vertical type V pattern. Features of optimal optical and prismatic correction depend on the state of the vergent-duction balance. In cases of exophoria without pattern surgical treatment is carried out during the transition from a state of subcompensation to non-compensation. In case of exophoria with horizontal-type alphabetical pattern, combined horizontal-transpositional surgery is optimal: elimination of exophoria, the protocol is based on the amount of deviation in the direct gaze position; elimination of the pattern, the protocol is based on vertical transposition of muscles of horizontal action. In cases of exophoria with vertical-type pattern, it is necessary to perform staged vertical-horizontal surgery: stage 1 – elimination of vertical heterotropy in adduction; stage 2 – elimination of exophoria (the protocol is based on the amount of deviation in the direct gaze position). Conclusions. The treatment protocol should be based on a reliably diagnosed diagnosis and consists at the pre-surgical stage in the optimal optical and prismatic correction, the appointment of orthopto-diplopto-prismatic treatment. The effectiveness of treatment is assessed by the dynamics of the disease: the magnitude of exodeviation and the stage of compensation. The protocol of surgical treatment must be reasonable and timely. Key words: exophoria, divergence excess, convergence insufficiency, basic exotropia, lateral gaze incomitance, alphabet pattern.

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9

Matsumura, Mika, Junko Arimatsu, Ryuzo Utsumi, Takashi Utsumi, and Keiko Nakamura. "Physiological exophoria at near. 1. Frequency and distribution of exophoria." JAPANESE ORTHOPTIC JOURNAL 19 (1991): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4263/jorthoptic.19.111.

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10

KOJIMA, Tomoe, Kae NUKINA, and Masako FUNABIKI. "Retrospective study of exophoria-tropia." JAPANESE ORTHOPTIC JOURNAL 18 (1990): 190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4263/jorthoptic.18.190.

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11

Handa, Tomoya, Kazuo Mukuno, Takahiro Niida, Hiroshi Uozato, Nobuyuki Shoji, Hitoshi Ishikawa, and Kimiya Shimizu. "Sensory Adaptation in Exophoria and Exotropia." American Orthoptic Journal 59, no. 1 (January 2009): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/aoj.59.1.84.

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12

LANGERHORST, C. T., and L. WENNIGER-PRICK. "Intermittent ptosis due to large exophoria." British Journal of Ophthalmology 83, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 1306c. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.83.11.1306c.

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13

A. Semenyuk, Oleh, Valentyna Yu. Parashchuk, Laryssa O. Yarova, and Oksana S. Oliinyk. "NOMINATIVE AND ATTRIBUTIVE EXOPHORIC REFERENCE IN FOREIGN PRESCRIPTION MEDICATION INSTRUCTIONS AS TEXT REFERENTIAL IDENTITY MEANS IN SPECIALIZED TRANSLATION." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 2 (June 9, 2020): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.82e19.

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Purpose of the study: The present paper examined nominative and attributive exophoric reference and their textual referents in the English prescription medication instructions (henceforth is PMI).In the focus of research, there were the key referents that define the translator’s referential knowledge for the PMIs and the cognitive features of the referents verbalized in PMIs by means of nominative and attributive exophoric reference. Nominative and attributive types of exophoric reference and their textual referents ensuring the referential identification of a foreign text and facilitating its understanding are in the focus of this research. Methodology: The methodology of this study includes the following key methods: the method of contextual analysis; distributional analysis; descriptive method; quantitative evaluation method. The texts of prescription medication instructions, e.g. for “Nurofen For Children”, “Ibuprofen 400mg Tablets”, “Panadol”, etc., displayed on the Internet sites of pharmaceutical companies /pharmacies make the corpus of our observation material. Main findings: Using English PMIs as the object of specialized translation, it is established that the PMI text exophoric referential net is created primarily by means of medical terms verbalizing objects and subjects of a PMI text (nominative exophoric reference) and verbal referents of their qualities and features (attributive exophoric reference), actualizing a foreign specialist text referential identity and thus facilitating its understanding. Applications of this study: The study is intended for translators, translation students, ESP researchers. The education of specialized translation professionals should incorporate special text referential analysis as part of pre-translation analysis facilitating special text decoding and optimizing its understanding and subsequent translation. Novelty/Originality of this study: the Nominative Exophoric Reference and Attributive Exophoric Reference creating the Text Exophoric Referential Net are described for English Prescription Medication Instructions as specialist texts intended for translation. It has been found out that both the source and target PMI texts relate to the same three entities of objective reality: MEDICINAL PRODUCT, HEALTH DISORDER, and PATIENT constituting the PMI’s referential identity.

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14

Awwad, Mohammad. "Exophoric and Endophoric Awareness." Arab World English Journal 8, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 28–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol8no3.3.

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15

Wright, Chantal. "Exophony and literary translation." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 22, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 22–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.22.1.03wri.

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When writers of literary prose adopt a new language—a phenomenon known as exophony—this often leads them to mould the new language until it becomes suitable for their purposes, in a manner analogous to the strategies of appropriation observed in post-colonial literatures (Ashcroft, Griffiths and Tiffin 1989). This process often results in a defamiliarisation of the new language through stylistic innovation, which, in turn, has implications for the translation of these texts. This article, influenced by Berman’s ‘analytique négative’ (1985), proposes a series of guidelines for the translation of exophonic texts and illustrates these with examples taken from German exophonic prose texts by Franco Biondi, Emine Sevgi Özdamar and Yoko Tawada.

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16

Cacho-Martínez, Pilar, Ángel García-Muñoz, and María Teresa Ruiz-Cantero. "Diagnostic Validity of Clinical Signs Associated with a Large Exophoria at Near." Journal of Ophthalmology 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/549435.

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Purpose. To analyze the diagnostic validity of accommodative and binocular tests in a sample of patients with a large near exophoria with moderate to severe symptoms.Methods. Two groups of patients between 19 and 35 years were recruited from a university clinic: 33 subjects with large exophoria at near vision and moderate or high visual discomfort and 33 patients with normal heterophoria and low visual discomfort. Visual discomfort was defined using the Conlon survey. A refractive exam and an exhaustive evaluation of accommodation and vergence were assessed. Diagnostic validity by means of receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves, sensitivity (S), specificity (Sp), and positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+, LR−) were assessed. This analysis was also carried out considering multiple tests as serial testing strategy.Results. ROC analysis showed the best diagnostic accuracy for receded near point of convergence (NPC) recovery (area = 0.929) and binocular accommodative facility (BAF) (area = 0.886). Using the cut-offs obtained with ROC analysis, the best diagnostic validity was obtained for the combination of NPC recovery and BAF (S = 0.77, Sp = 1, LR+ = value tending to infinity, LR− = 0.23) and the combination of NPC break and recovery with BAF (S = 0.73, Sp = 1, LR+ = tending to infinity, LR− = 0.27).Conclusions. NPC and BAF tests were the tests with the best diagnostic accuracy for subjects with large near exophoria and moderate to severe symptoms.

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17

KADOWAKI, Fumiko, Kazue KAN, and Kayoko NEMOTO. "Orthoptics in asthenopia muscularis due to decompensated exophoria." JAPANESE ORTHOPTIC JOURNAL 14 (1986): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4263/jorthoptic.14.89.

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18

Judžentytė-Šinkūnienė, Gintarė. "When traditions meet different approaches: the case of exophoric Lithuanian demonstrative pronouns." Lietuvių kalba, no. 15 (December 28, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2020.22442.

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This paper aims to review the existing research on the exophoric Lithuanian demonstrative pronouns and to give a short review of other possible parameters alongside the distance that influences the choice of demonstratives as well as the applied methods in the field. It also suggests some key aspects for the analysis of the exophoric use of demonstrative pronouns.

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19

Tarutta, E. P., O. V. Proskurina, G. A. Markossian, S. V. Milash, N. A. Tarasova, and N. V. Khodzhabekyan. "A strategically oriented conception of optical prevention of myopia onset and progression." Russian Ophthalmological Journal 13, no. 4 (December 17, 2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21516/2072-0076-2020-13-4-7-16.

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The article presents a theoretical and clinical justification for optical techniques used for the prevention of myopia. Accommodation, wavefront aberrations, peripheral refraction, and retinal image quality are considered as interrelated factors affecting postnatal refractogenesis. A detailed analysis of myopia correction methods, conditions preceding its development and their impact on the dynamics of refraction and eye growth is given. A strategy of optical correction of myopia was proposed, which includes: 1) constant wearing of defocusing binocular positive spectacle lens or Perifocal-P spectacle lens (in case of exophoria) for children at risk aged 4–7 years; 2) constant alternating weak myopic defocusing in case of myopia from 0.5 to 2.75 D, ortho- or esophoria, positive relative accommodation (PRA), peripheral myopia or emmetropia; progressive addition spectacle lens in case of PRA less than 1.0 D; Perifocal-Msa spectacle lens in the case of a combination of reduced PRA and exophoria; 3) Perifocal-M spectacle lens in case of myopia of any degree with already existing hyperopic peripheral defocus; progressive addition spectacle lens in case of PRA less than 1.0 D in combination with esophoria or Perifocal-Msa spectacle lens in combination with exophoria; 4) contact correction with bifocal soft contact lenses or orthokeratological contact lenses (Ortho-K) in case of refusal from spectacle correction. Ortho-K is preferable with moderate and high myopia; 5) bioptic correction: a combination of monofocal soft contact lenses and Perifocal-M spectacle lens to correct peripheral defocus and residual astigmatism is preferable for myopia over 8.0 D and myopia with astigmatism.

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20

Rings, Lana. "Exophoric Reference in Beginning Textbooks." Die Unterrichtspraxis / Teaching German 19, no. 2 (1986): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3530702.

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21

Feld, Jan, Nicolás Salamanca, and Daniel S. Hamermesh. "Endophilia or Exophobia: Beyond Discrimination." Economic Journal 126, no. 594 (February 22, 2016): 1503–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecoj.12289.

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22

Wi, Dae-Gwang, and Hyun-Sung Leem. "Analysis of Response to Prism Stimulation in Exophoria Patients." Korean Journal of Vision Science 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17337/jmbi.2017.19.1.51.

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23

TAKASAKI, Hiroko, and Nobuko INAGAKI. "Prism Therapy for the Decompensate Symptoms in Exophoria Cases." JAPANESE ORTHOPTIC JOURNAL 13 (1985): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4263/jorthoptic.13.35.

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24

Alberski, Bartłomiej. "Cechy składniowe i semantyczne 'dotąd'." LingVaria 13, no. 25 (May 30, 2018): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/lv.13.2017.25.04.

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Syntactic and Semantic Features of dotądThe paper discusses the expression dotąd. The author makes a distinction between contextual (endophoric) and consituational (exophoric) uses. The analysis is limited to the latter because exophoric uses allow for a locative and temporal interpretation. The author distinguishes two units of language: a pronoun which replaces a temporal or locative expression, and the relator dotąd, aż which indicates a temporal relation between the events described in component sentences.

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25

Klaus, N., and P. Bischoff. "Konvergenzspasmus im Zusammenhang mit einer Exophorie." Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 190, no. 04 (April 1987): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1050411.

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26

Kęsik, Marek. "La distinction exophore / endophore et le fonctionnement de l'adjectif suivant." L Information Grammaticale 35, no. 1 (1987): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/igram.1987.2073.

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27

Matsumoto, Fumiko, Kazuyo Ohmure, Sonoko Tomiyama, Kiyomi Tanida, Kyoko Tanoue, and Toshifumi Otori. "Orthoptic Training to Maintain Exophoria in Cases of Intermittent Exotropia." JAPANESE ORTHOPTIC JOURNAL 25 (1997): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4263/jorthoptic.25.157.

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28

Pajević, Marko. "Literature and the Political: Multilingualism and Exophony in Contemporary Baltic and German- Language Culture." Interlitteraria 26, no. 1 (August 31, 2021): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2021.26.1.2.

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29

Pajević, Marko. "Sprachabenteuer: Yoko Tawadas exophone Erkundungen des Deutschen." Interlitteraria 26, no. 1 (August 31, 2021): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2021.26.1.12.

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Adventures in Language: Yoko Tawada’s Exophonic Explorations of German. Yoko Tawada (1960) is for good reason one of the prime examples for contemporary German exophonic literature. She is a very successful writer in Japanese and in German and provides in her Germanophone writings an ethnography of the German worldview, as Wilhelm von Humboldt famously called languages, or of the German language-mindset. This article focuses on her 2010 poetry volume Abenteuer der deutschen Grammatik (‘Adventures of German Grammar’) to demonstrate how exophonia can allow us to develop an acute awareness of the ways in which language structures shape our patterns of thinking. Coming from a very differently organised language, Japanese, Tawada comments in playful ways on the implications of German, and compares it translinguistically with Japanese. Looking at German from an outside position enables her to be very creative and to make Germans discover their language with new eyes. Translingual writing, even though also present in a real mixing of languages in Tawada, appears here as a way to understand how much our ideas are shaped by our linguistic structures, and that there are alternative worldviews. It thus contributes greatly to a relativisation of one’s own perspective and helps to open up to difference and creativity.

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Su, Han, Jing Fu, Weiwei Chen, Zhaojun Meng, Lei Li, Wei Dai, and Yao Yao. "Prevalence of Heterophoria in Tibetan Grade-One Students: The Lhasa Childhood Eye Study." Journal of Ophthalmology 2020 (December 23, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9570908.

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Introduction. The study aims to explore the prevalence of heterophoria and associate factors in Tibetan grade-one students. Methods. The Lhasa Childhood Eye Study (LCES) is a school-based cohort study. 1942 grade-one students from 7 elementary schools were randomly sampled by stratified cluster sampling. Ocular examinations were performed in participants, including ocular motility, distance and near visual acuity, cycloplegic autorefraction, and stereoacuity. The near (33 cm) and distance (6 m) fixation cover test was used to differentiate orthophoria, heterophoria, and heterotropia, and the magnitude of the phoria was measured by the Maddox rod and prisma. Results. Of 1856 grade-one students completing all the ocular examinations, 1852 participants finished the ocular alignment test. The mean age was 6.82 ± 0.46 years (range 6∼10 years); 981 (52.97%) were males, and 871 (47.03%) were females. The prevalence of phoria was 22.89% (n = 424). At distance fixation, the prevalence of heterophoria, exophoria, and esophoria was 4.64%, 4.21%, and 0.43% separately, while at near fixation, the prevalence was 22.73%, 22.35%, and 0.38%. No vertical phoria was detected. The mean magnitude of heterophoria at near and distance fixation was −7.63 ± 5.15 PD (exo: −7.83 ± 4.91 PD, eso: +5.67 ± 3.61 PD) and −4.84 ± 5.94 PD (exo: −6.26 ± 4.20 PD, eso: +8.13 ± 3.04 PD). The prevalence of esophoria was associated with hyperopia (OR = 6.38, 95% CI: 1.15–35.28, P = 0.03; OR = 5.42, 95% CI: 1.04–28.24, P = 0.04) and amblyopia (OR = 16.02, 95% CI: 1.81∼141.96, P = 0.01; OR = 11.37, 95% CI: 1.34∼96.52, P = 0.03) at near and distance fixation. The prevalence of exophoria was associated with myopia at near fixation (OR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.47–4.00, P <0.01). In the near heterophoria group, the proportion of children with abnormal stereoacuity was 23.26% (n = 97), significantly higher (χ2 = 5.70, P = 0.017) than that in orthophoria (17.99%, n = 244). Conclusions. In Lhasa, grade-one pupils have a lower prevalence of heterophoria. Near exophoria was associated with myopia, while esophoria was related to hyperopia and amblyopia both near and distance. Heterophoria may be one of the affected factors for reducing stereoacuity.

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Shin, Eun-Hee, Dae-Hyun Kim, Sung-il Hong, Sang-hee Park, and Jeong-Sik Son. "Comparison between Prism Dissociation Method and MKH in Prism Prescription for Exophoria." Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society 21, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2016.21.4.417.

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ISHIDA, Reiko, Emiko OHNO, Akemi WAKAYAMA, Hitomi NAKAMURA, Tomoko ICHIYANAGI, and Fumiko MATSUMOTO. "Usefulness of convergence trainings in patients with exophoria-tropia with convergence insufficiency." JAPANESE ORTHOPTIC JOURNAL 18 (1990): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4263/jorthoptic.18.168.

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Letourneau, J. E. "Heterophoria as a Measure of Subjects’ Alertness during Recovery from General Anesthesia." Perceptual and Motor Skills 69, no. 3-1 (December 1989): 991–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00315125890693-153.

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The purpose of the study was to measure the influence of subjects’ alertness on heterophoria. An experimental group of 43 patients was measured with the Maddox Wing test for heterophoria. Exophoria was greater 1½, 2½, and 3½ hr. after the end of general anesthesia than at baseline level. Data for a control group of 25 did not vary on the Maddox Wing over four hours. The baseline level was not different between the two groups, so heterophoria as measured with the Maddox Wing can be used to evaluate subjects’ alertness during recovery from general anesthesia.

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Reile, Maria. "Space and demonstratives: an experiment with Estonian exophoric demonstratives." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 6, no. 2 (December 18, 2015): 137–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2015.6.2.06.

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In recent years, the study of exophoric demonstratives has increased in Indo- European languages, but has received fairly little research attention in Estonian. The aim of the study is to verify by the means of a production experiment whether distance has an effect on the choice of Estonian exophoric demonstratives. Binomial mixed effects logistic regression analysis suggests that distance is the best predictor for the choice between demonstrative adverbs, but it has no effect on the choice between the demonstrative pronoun see ‘this’ and other referential devices, which can be explained by the lack of usage of the demonstrative pronoun too ‘that’. However, there also occurs unexpected usage of demonstrative adverbs that is best explained by other attributes of the referent and reference situation rather than simple spatial opposition. Thus, although the best predictor in demonstrative adverb choice proves to be distance, other attributes may play a fairly important role.

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Susilawati, Yusi, and Dian Maryani. "References of Folklore Malin Kundang." PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education) 2, no. 4 (July 4, 2019): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/project.v2i4.p533-538.

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This research focuses on the use types of references (anaphoric, cataphoric, and exophoric reference) in the text of Malin Kundang folklore. The objectives of this research are to find out what types of reference used in folklore of Malin Kundang and how many types of reference for all paragraph in text of Malin Kundang folklore. The method that used in this research is descriptive qualitative method.. The researchers got the data from document analysis namely in the text of Malin Kundang folklore. The result from this research was the result from the tenth paragraph of the text of Malin Kundang folklore that have already done to analysis, there were 6 anaphoric references, 6 cataphoric references, and 3 exophoric references, so types of reference that many used in the text of Malin Kundang folklore were anaphoric and cataphoric references and the total of types of reference in the text of Malin Kundang are 15 types of references.

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BABICS, JÁNOS, and LÁSZLÓ RONKAY. "On the taxonomy of the Exophyla-Isoura-Perinaenia generic-complex (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Catocalinae)." Zootaxa 2733, no. 1 (January 6, 2011): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2733.1.2.

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The genera Perinaenia and Isoura are revised, and four new species, P. mingchyrica sp. n. (Taiwan), P. atripunctum sp. n. (China, Shaanxi), P. nigrifascia sp. n. (Vietnam) and I. clara sp. n. (Nepal, Vietnam and Indonesia) are described. The systematic relationships of the genera Perinaenia, Isoura and Exophyla are discussed on the basis of their external and genitalic features.

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Mozhilevskaya, E. S., V. V. Titovets, G. A. Bykova, and V. Ya Melnikov. "Optimization of surgical treatment for progressing myopia and exophoria in children of the Primorskiy territory." Pacific Medical Journal, no. 3 (September 28, 2020): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2020-3-86-87.

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Chrobak, Adrian, Katarzyna Siuda, Michał Biela, Aleksandra Arciszewska, Marcin Siwek, Maciej Pilecki, and Dominika Dudek. "Convergence insufficiency with unilateral exophoria at near in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder - a preliminary study." Psychiatria Polska 48 (2014): 1143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12740/pp/28726.

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Nonaka, Fumitaka, Satoshi Hasebe, and Hiroshi Ohtsuki. "Convergence Accommodation to Convergence (CA/C) Ratio in Patients with Intermittent Exotropia and Decompensated Exophoria." Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology 48, no. 3 (May 2004): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10384-004-0060-4.

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최효은. "Translation of Exophoric the in Christian Literature: from English into Korean." Journal of Translation Studies 14, no. 2 (June 2013): 223–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15749/jts.2013.14.2.008.

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Gusek-Schneider, G. C., J. Kulzer, and A. Boss. "Was bringt der Refraktionsausgleich bei Strabismus divergens intermittens und dekompensierender Exophorie?" Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 223, no. 7 (July 2006): 620–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-926500.

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Ulfa, Rusdiyana, Syukur Ghazali, and Anang Santoso. "Sarana Kohesi Dalam Kumpulan Puisi Cinta Karya Kahlil Gibran“Melancholic Gibran Karya-Karya Syahdu Penggugah Jiwa“." Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan 5, no. 5 (May 30, 2020): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v5i5.13488.

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<p><strong>Abstract:</strong> This study aims to describe and explain the means of cohesion in the formation of the wholeness of discourse in a collection of love poems by Kahlil Gibran entitled "Melancholocic Gibran Works by Soul-Raising Syahdu". The approach used in this study uses a qualitative descriptive approach and this type of research uses the type of discourse analysis research. The data in this research are in the form of excerpts from poetry that can describe cohesion and coherence in a collection of love poems by Kahlil Gibran. The data source of this research is a collection of love poems by Kahlil Gibran entitled "Melancholocic Gibran Works by Soul-Saving Souls". The results of this research are grammatical cohesion tools used by a collection of love poems by Kahlil Gibran entitled "Melancholocic Gibran by Soul-Enhancing Syahdu Works" are exophoric references, anaphoric references, wordfora references, nominal substitution, elliptical clauses, additive and conjunctive coordinating conjunctions, are exophoric references, anaphoric references, wordaphoric references, nominal substitution, elliptical clauses, additive and conjunctive coordinating conjunctions, are exophoric references, anaphoric references, wordaphoric references, nominal substitution, elliptical clauses, additive and conjunctive coordinating conjunctions. resistance, attribute subordinative conjunction, and subordinative conjunction time.</p><strong>Abstrak: </strong>Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan sarana kohesi dalam pembentukan keutuhan wacana pada kumpulan puisi cinta karya Kahlil Gibran yang berjudul “<em>Melancholocic Gibran Karya-karya Syahdu Penggugah Jiwa</em>”. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dan jenis penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian analisis wacana. Data dalam penelitan ini berupa kutipan larik puisi yang bisa menggambarkan kohesi dan koherensi dalam kumpulan puisi cinta karya Kahlil Gibran. Sumber data penelitian ini ialah kumpulan puisi cinta karya Kahlil Gibran yang berjudul “<em>Melancholocic Gibran Karya-karya Syahdu Penggugah Jiwa</em>”. Hasil dari penelitan ini sarana kohesi gramatikal yang digunakan kumpulan puisi cinta karya Kahlil Gibran yang berjudul “<em>Melancholocic Gibran Karya-karya Syahdu Penggugah Jiwa</em>” adalah referensi eksofora, referensi anafora, referensi katafora, substitusi nomina, elipsis klausa, konjungsi koordinatif penambahan <em>dan, </em>konjungsi koordinatif perlawanan, konjungsi subordinatif atributit, dan konjungsi subordinatif waktu.

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Kim, Hyun-iL. "Comparative Analysis of measured distance and near heterophoria values of myopia-exophoria with increased vertex distance." Korean Journal of Vision Science 18, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 577–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17337/jmbi.2016.18.4.577.

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Steffen, H., and G. H. Kolling. "The value of the occlusion test in decompensating exophorias and intermittent exotropias." Strabismus 2, no. 4 (January 1994): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09273979409035474.

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Stangler-Zuschrott, Elfriede, and Alex Salomon. "Reading Dynamics of Exophoric Persons: A Study with Infrared Reflexion Oculography (IROG)." Acta Scientific Medical Sciences 5, no. 6 (May 14, 2021): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asms.2020.05.0922.

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Baru, Yosefina. "PEMARKAH KOHESI GRAMATIKAL DALAM CERITA “KOTA EMAS” KARYA I.S.KIJNE." Melanesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Bahasa dan Sastra 2, no. 1 (April 28, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/jm.v2i1.786.

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<p>The main focus of this research is to describe and describe the types of grammatical cohesion pemarkah in the story of “Kota Emas” by I.S. Kijne. The source of this research comes from “In the Garden of Flowers”, “In Sand beach”, “Golden City”, “Expelled”, “Stone and Thorns”, “Mother Tom”, and “Where is Tom?”. A total of 184 grammatical cohesion marker data were encountered in the seven stories. There are three grammatical cohesion markers encountered, ie references / referers, ellipsis, and conjunctions. References / referers are references / referers of endoophores and exophors. The exsofora driver comprises the ecofora of the situation or condition and the first and second execution of the pronoun persona, the first pronomina persona, and the reference / reference of the third person pronoun; ellipsis or percolation; and conjunctions comprise conjunction additions or additives, contradictions, timing, consequences, terms, comparisons, sequences or sequences, and means.</p>

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Donaldson, Laura, Brian van Adel, and Amadeo R. Rodriguez. "Superior Oblique Myokymia Presumed Due to Large Posterior Fossa Arteriovenous Malformation." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 47, no. 6 (August 5, 2020): 824–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2020.125.

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A 26-year-old female presented with a complaint of intermittent oscillopsia and binocular vertical diplopia for the past 5 years. Over the past several months, she had noticed intermittent pulsatile tinnitus. She was otherwise healthy with no previous history of trauma and had no other visual or neurologic complaints. In Neuro-ophthalmology clinic, she was found to have 20/15 vision in both eyes with full ocular motility. There was a small exophoria in primary position and small esophoria in downgaze. Her slit lamp and fundus examinations were normal. During the assessment, the left eye was noted to undergo high-frequency, small amplitude incyclotorsional oscillations for a few seconds at a time (Video 1 in the supplementary material), which she was able to provoke by looking down. The diagnosis of superior oblique myokymia was made, and an MRI/MRA of the brain was requested.

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Sultan, Sultan. "ANALISIS KOHESI GRAMATIKAL TEKS PIDATO PRABOWO DALAM PEMILIHAN CALON PRESIDEN DAN CALON WAKIL PRESIDEN TAHUN 2019." SASTRANESIA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32682/sastranesia.v7i3.1277.

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Research on Grammatical Cohesion Analysis of Prabowo's Speech Text in the Election of Presidential Candidates and Vice-Presidential Candidates in 2019 discusses the forms of references and substitutions using the Mulyana Discourse Study theory. The aim is to describe the form of references and substitutions that are used as references to words or sentences directed by an author to indicate the direction or reference or purpose intended by the writer, so that the meaning that is to be conveyed is clearer.The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The reason researchers used descriptive qualitative research methods in this study, because researchers describe words that include forms of reference and substitution in Prabowo's Speech Text in the Election of Presidential Candidates and Vice Presidential Candidates in 2019. Data collection is done by observation, object determination, data reading, data identification, coding, and data classification.The results of this study indicate that there are words that are included in the form of endophoric references, exophoric references, and forms of substitution. The most common data found is the grammatical aspect of exophoric reference. It can be concluded that the words used in Prabowo's speech text are many words that are repeated, so that the use in the form of references and substitutions in Prabowo's Speech Text in the Election of Presidential Candidates and Vice Presidential Candidates in 2019 is lacking in cohesion. Thus the thesis has a beneficial hope for the reader by learning more about discourse, especially grammatical cohesion, and might be better developed.

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Bernal Escalante, Jaime, Mark Rosenfield, Elizabeth Casillas Casillas, Luis Fernando Barba Gallardo, and Sergio Ramírez González. "Validity of Techniques to Evaluate Near Phoria." Ciencia y Tecnología para la Salud Visual y Ocular 17, no. 2 (March 31, 2020): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/sv.vol17.iss2.4.

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Background: While a number of previous studies have investigated the repeatability of techniques designed to measure heterophoria, there have been few studies of their validity. Accordingly, the present study examined the ability of 3 standard techniques; Von Graefe (VG), Maddox Rod (MR) and Modified Thorington (MT) tests to quantify a known change in heterophoria. Methods:The study was performed on 30 young subjects using each of the 3 procedures listed above. Near (40 cm) heterophoria was quantified both without and with an additional base-out prism. Five possible values were available, namely 2, 4, 6, 8 and 9Δ. After a period of 24 hours, the heterophoria measurement was repeated using the same technique with one of these prisms added to the refractive correction. Results:The mean heterophoria value measured before the introduction of prism using the VG procedure was significantly more exophoric than the findings obtained using the other 2 techniques (p = 0.035). No significant difference was observed between the measured and predicted change in heterophoria following the introduction of the prism for the VG and MT procedures, but a significant difference was found with the MR technique (p0.001). Conclusions:The ability to measure a known change in oculomotor deviation was significantly poorer with the MR technique, when compared with the VG and MT procedures. Given that the mean pre-prism measurement was significantly more exophoric when using the VG procedure, we recommend that MT be adopted as the technique of choice for the subjective measurement of oculomotor deviations in the clinical setting

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Berenst, Jan, and Nynke Borst. "Spreken En Schrijven Van Kinderen." Kijk op schrijven in T1 en T2 72 (January 1, 2004): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.72.04ber.

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The relationship between children's oral and written language use may be considered as one of the main issues in the study of literacy development. In this paper, the focus is on how 10-year-old children (grade 5) create a textual context in oral and written narratives for their recipients. The first aim of this research was to find out what kind of practices children use to contextualize their stories. The second aim was to compare the practices in the oral and written mode, to determine to what extent children at this age still rely on oral language practices in their written texts. A dependent group design was used to make a comparison between the practices in both conditions possible, while in both conditions the same story was retold. Results show that the children were able to contextualize their stories in the oral as well as in the written mode, but that some contextualization practices (such as the avoidance of exophoric references, and the use of dialogue) were more frequently found in the written mode of the stories. Besides, it was found that the sequence of the oral and written task was an important variable, but not in the expected way. The oral texts were influenced by the written texts (greater length, more dialogue, but also more exophoric references); the written texts, however, did not show any influence from the oral texts. The conclusion might be that we have to reconsider the relationship between children's oral and written language use at this age.

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