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Journal articles on the topic 'Exosome Complex'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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1

Théry, Clotilde, Armelle Regnault, Jérôme Garin, et al. "Molecular Characterization of Dendritic Cell-Derived Exosomes." Journal of Cell Biology 147, no. 3 (1999): 599–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.147.3.599.

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Exosomes are membrane vesicles secreted by hematopoietic cells upon fusion of late multivesicular endosomes with the plasma membrane. Dendritic cell (DC)-derived exosomes induce potent antitumor immune responses in mice, resulting in the regression of established tumors (Zitvogel, L., A. Regnault, A. Lozier, J. Wolfers, C. Flament, D. Tenza, P. Ricciardi-Castagnoli, G. Raposo, and S. Amigorena. 1998. Nat. Med. 4:594–600). To unravel the molecular basis of exosome-induced immune stimulation, we now analyze the regulation of their production during DC maturation and characterize extensively thei

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Peng, Ching-Tien. "Exosome-Transferred APOC3-Ncrna Complex Mediates Iron Regulation in Beta-Thalassemia Major." Blood 126, no. 23 (2015): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.963.963.

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Background: Exosomes are small membrane vesicles (50-90 mm in diameter) containing bioactive proteins and genetic materials that may be transferred to accept cells, resulting in potent biological effects in the circulatory system. Exosome-transferred APOC3-ncRNA may be a crucial function in iron regulation. However, the role in β-thalassemia major is remains unclear. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate how Exosome-transferred APOC3-ncRNA adapts to iron regulation in β-thalassemia major. Design: Using Proteomics, RNA-sequencing and lncRNA Q-PCR array, we demonstrated expression of exo

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Makino, Debora Lika, and Elena Conti. "Structure determination of an 11-subunit exosome in complex with RNA by molecular replacement." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 69, no. 11 (2013): 2226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0907444913011438.

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The RNA exosome is an evolutionarily conserved multi-protein complex involved in the 3′ degradation of a variety of RNA transcripts. In the nucleus, the exosome participates in the maturation of structured RNAs, in the surveillance of pre-mRNAs and in the decay of a variety of noncoding transcripts. In the cytoplasm, the exosome degrades mRNAs in constitutive and regulated turnover pathways. Several structures of subcomplexes of eukaryotic exosomes or related prokaryotic exosome-like complexes are known, but how the complete assembly is organized to fulfil processive RNA degradation has been u

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Sinha, Seema, Daisuke Hoshino, Nan Hyung Hong, et al. "Cortactin promotes exosome secretion by controlling branched actin dynamics." Journal of Cell Biology 214, no. 2 (2016): 197–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201601025.

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Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that influence cellular behavior and enhance cancer aggressiveness by carrying bioactive molecules. The mechanisms that regulate exosome secretion are poorly understood. Here, we show that the actin cytoskeletal regulatory protein cortactin promotes exosome secretion. Knockdown or overexpression of cortactin in cancer cells leads to a respective decrease or increase in exosome secretion, without altering exosome cargo content. Live-cell imaging revealed that cortactin controls both trafficking and plasma membrane docking of multivesicular late endosomes (MVE

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Ludwig, Nils, Theresa L. Whiteside, and Torsten E. Reichert. "Challenges in Exosome Isolation and Analysis in Health and Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 19 (2019): 4684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20194684.

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A growing body of evidence emphasizes the important role exosomes in different physiological and pathological conditions. Exosomes, virus-size extracellular vesicles (EVs), carry a complex molecular cargo, which is actively processed in the endocytic compartment of parental cells. Exosomes carry and deliver this cargo to recipient cells, serving as an intercellular communication system. The methods for recovery of exosomes from supernatants of cell lines or body fluids are not uniformly established. Yet, studies of the quality and quantity of exosome cargos underlie the concept of “liquid biop

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Shi, Chunhua, Daiana Alvarez-Olmedo, Yuan Zhang, Badal S. B. Pattar, and Edward R. O’Brien. "The Heat Shock Protein 27 Immune Complex Enhances Exosomal Cholesterol Efflux." Biomedicines 8, no. 8 (2020): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8080290.

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Previously, we demonstrated that Heat Shock Protein 27 (HSP27) reduces the inflammatory stages of experimental atherogenesis, is released by macrophage (MΦ) exosomes and lowers cholesterol levels in atherosclerotic plaques. Recently, we discovered that natural autoantibodies directed against HSP27 enhance its signaling effects, as HSP27 immune complexes (IC) interact at the cell membrane to modulate signaling. We now seek to evaluate the potential role of the HSP27 IC on MΦ exosomal release and cholesterol export. First, in human blood samples, we show that healthy control subjects have 86% mo

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An, Xiuli. "Exosome complex and erythropoiesis." Blood 124, no. 14 (2014): 2169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-08-596353.

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Rabesandratana, Herisoa, Jean-Pierre Toutant, Hubert Reggio, and Michel Vidal. "Decay-Accelerating Factor (CD55) and Membrane Inhibitor of Reactive Lysis (CD59) Are Released Within Exosomes During In Vitro Maturation of Reticulocytes." Blood 91, no. 7 (1998): 2573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v91.7.2573.

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Abstract Exosomes are membrane vesicles released by reticulocytes during their maturation into erythrocytes. They have a clearing function because of their enrichment with some proteins known to decrease or disappear from the cell surface during maturation, eg, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and transferrin receptor (TfR), respectively. To better understand the molecular events leading to protein sorting in exosomes, we analyzed the expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins on the exosome surface through a technique involving bead coupling and flow cytometry immunodetecti

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Rabesandratana, Herisoa, Jean-Pierre Toutant, Hubert Reggio, and Michel Vidal. "Decay-Accelerating Factor (CD55) and Membrane Inhibitor of Reactive Lysis (CD59) Are Released Within Exosomes During In Vitro Maturation of Reticulocytes." Blood 91, no. 7 (1998): 2573–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v91.7.2573.2573_2573_2580.

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Exosomes are membrane vesicles released by reticulocytes during their maturation into erythrocytes. They have a clearing function because of their enrichment with some proteins known to decrease or disappear from the cell surface during maturation, eg, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and transferrin receptor (TfR), respectively. To better understand the molecular events leading to protein sorting in exosomes, we analyzed the expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins on the exosome surface through a technique involving bead coupling and flow cytometry immunodetection. The p

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Tschuschke, Max, Ievgeniia Kocherova, Artur Bryja, et al. "Inclusion Biogenesis, Methods of Isolation and Clinical Application of Human Cellular Exosomes." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 2 (2020): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020436.

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Exosomes are a heterogenous subpopulation of extracellular vesicles 30–150 nm in range and of endosome-derived origin. We explored the exosome formation through different systems, including the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) and ESCRT-independent system, looking at the mechanisms of release. Different isolation techniques and specificities of exosomes from different tissues and cells are also discussed. Despite more than 30 years of research that followed their definition and indicated their important role in cellular physiology, the exosome biology is still in its in

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Giordano, Cinzia, Giusi La Camera, Luca Gelsomino, et al. "The Biology of Exosomes in Breast Cancer Progression: Dissemination, Immune Evasion and Metastatic Colonization." Cancers 12, no. 8 (2020): 2179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers12082179.

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In recent decades, the study of exosome biology has gained growing interest, representing an active area of cancer research with many potential clinical applications. Exosomes are small lipid bilayer particles released by cells with pleiotropic functions that have been reported to regulate the complex intracellular pathway involved in all steps of breast cancer development—from initiation to progression toward a metastatic dissemination. Particularly, the role of these microvesicles has been explored in metastasis, which represents the leading cause of breast cancer morbidity and mortality wor

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Kauke, Monique, Nikki Ross, Dalia Burzyn, et al. "703 Engineered exosomes with altered cellular tropism achieve targeted STING agonist delivery and single-agent tumor control in vivo." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 3 (2020): A745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0703.

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BackgroundExosomes are natural, abundant extracellular vesicles capable of transferring complex molecules between neighboring and distant cell types. Translational research efforts have focused on co-opting this communication mechanism to deliver exogenous payloads to treat a variety of diseases. Important strategies to maximize the therapeutic potential of exosomes therefore include payload loading, functionalization of the exosome surface with pharmacologically active proteins, and delivery to target cells of interest.MethodsThrough comparative proteomic analysis of purified exosomes, we ide

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Morelli, Adrian E., Adriana T. Larregina, William J. Shufesky, et al. "Endocytosis, intracellular sorting, and processing of exosomes by dendritic cells." Blood 104, no. 10 (2004): 3257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2004-03-0824.

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Abstract Exosomes are nanovesicles released by leukocytes and epithelial cells. Although their function remains enigmatic, exosomes are a source of antigen and transfer functional major histocompatibility complex (MHC)–I/peptide complexes to dendritic cells (DCs) for CD8+ T-cell activation. Here we demonstrate that exosomes also are internalized and processed by immature DCs for presentation to CD4+ T cells. Endocytosed exosomes are sorted into the endocytic compartment of DCs for processing, followed by loading of exosome-derived peptides in MHC-II molecules for presentation to CD4+ T cells.

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Belair, Cedric, Soyeong Sim, Kun-Yong Kim, Yoshiaki Tanaka, In-Hyun Park, and Sandra L. Wolin. "The RNA exosome nuclease complex regulates human embryonic stem cell differentiation." Journal of Cell Biology 218, no. 8 (2019): 2564–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201811148.

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A defining feature of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers. Pluripotency is maintained in part by a unique transcription network that maintains expression of pluripotency-specific transcription factors and represses developmental genes. While the mechanisms that establish this transcription network are well studied, little is known of the posttranscriptional surveillance pathways that degrade differentiation-related RNAs. We report that the surveillance pathway mediated by the RNA exosome nuclease complex represses ESC differentiation. Depletio

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McIver, Skye C., Yoon-A. Kang, Andrew W. DeVilbiss, et al. "The exosome complex establishes a barricade to erythroid maturation." Blood 124, no. 14 (2014): 2285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-04-571083.

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Key Points Exosome complex components are endogenous suppressors of erythroid cell maturation. GATA-1 and Foxo3 transcriptionally repress exosome complex components, thus abrogating the erythroid maturation blockade.

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McIver, Skye C., Yoon-A. Kang, Andrew W. DeVilbiss, et al. "The RNA-Degrading Exosome Complex Is an Endogenous Suppressor of Erythroid Maturation." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 2659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2659.2659.

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Abstract Complex genetic networks control hematopoietic stem cell differentiation into progenitors that give rise to billions of erythrocytes daily. We demonstrated that the master regulator of erythropoiesis, GATA-1, induces expression of genes encoding components of the autophagy machinery. In this context, the Forkhead transcription factor, Foxo3, amplified GATA-1-mediated transcriptional activation. We conducted studies to assess whether the GATA-1/Foxo3 cooperativity is restricted to the control of autophagy, or if it more broadly impacts the erythroid cell transcriptome. Analysis of the

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Graham, Amy C., Daniel L. Kiss, and Erik D. Andrulis. "Differential Distribution of Exosome Subunits at the Nuclear Lamina and in Cytoplasmic Foci." Molecular Biology of the Cell 17, no. 3 (2006): 1399–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e05-08-0805.

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The exosome complex plays important roles in RNA processing and turnover. Despite significant mechanistic insight into exosome function, we still lack a basic understanding of the subcellular locales where exosome complex biogenesis and function occurs. Here, we employ a panel of Drosophila S2 stable cell lines expressing epitope-tagged exosome subunits to examine the subcellular distribution of exosome complex components. We show that tagged Drosophila exosome subunits incorporate into complexes that recover endogenous nuclear and cytoplasmic exosome subunits. Immunolocalization analyses demo

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de Gassart, Aude, Charles Géminard, Benoit Février, Graça Raposo, and Michel Vidal. "Lipid raft-associated protein sorting in exosomes." Blood 102, no. 13 (2003): 4336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-03-0871.

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AbstractExosomes are small membrane vesicles secreted by cells upon fusion of multivesicular endosomes with the cell surface. The mechanisms underlying the specific sorting of proteins in exosomal membranes are far from being unraveled. We demonstrate here, using different cells, that some molecules are released in the extracellular medium via their association with lipid raft domains of the exosomal membrane. Various typical raft-associated molecules could be detected by immunoblot in exosomes and Triton X-100-insoluble fractions isolated from exosomes of different origins. Partial localizati

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Lai, Ruenn Chai, Soon Sim Tan, Bao Ju Teh, et al. "Proteolytic Potential of the MSC Exosome Proteome: Implications for an Exosome-Mediated Delivery of Therapeutic Proteasome." International Journal of Proteomics 2012 (July 18, 2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/971907.

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used in many of the current stem cell-based clinical trials and their therapeutic efficacy has increasingly been attributed to secretion of paracrine factors. We have previously demonstrated that a therapeutic constituent of this secretion is exosome, a secreted bilipid membrane vesicle of ~50–100 nm with a complex cargo that is readily internalized by H9C2 cardiomyocytes. It reduces infarct size in a mouse model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. We postulate that this therapeutic efficacy is derived from the synergy of a select permutation of

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Sun, Ting, Zhe-Xu Ding, Xin Luo, Qing-Shan Liu, and Yong Cheng. "Blood Exosomes Have Neuroprotective Effects in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020 (November 26, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3807476.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common and complex neurodegenerative disease; the pathogenesis of which is still uncertain. Exosomes, nanosized extracellular vesicles, have been suggested to participate in the pathogenesis of PD, but their role is unknown. Here, a metabolomic analysis of serum and brain exosomes showed differentially expressed metabolites between 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride- (MPTP-) induced PD mice and control mice, such as oxidized lipids, vitamins, and cholesterol. These metabolites were enriched in coenzyme, nicotinamide, and amino acid pathw

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Yang, Yi-Ping, Phan Nguyen Nhi Nguyen, Hsin-I. Ma, et al. "Tumor Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Regulate Cell Migration of Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor through Exosome-Mediated miR155/SMARCA4 Pathway." Cancers 11, no. 5 (2019): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050720.

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Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) is a rare pediatric brain tumor with extremely high aggressiveness and poor prognosis. The tumor microenvironment is regulated by a complex interaction among distinct cell types, yet the crosstalk between tumor-associated mesenchymal stem cells (tMSCs) and naïve ATRT cells are unclear. In this study, we sought to identify the secretory factor(s) that is responsible for the tMSC-mediated regulation of ATRT migration. Comparing with ATRT cell alone, co-culture of tMSCs or addition of its conditioned medium (tMSC-CM) promoted the migration of ATRT, and this

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Lin, Te-Yueh, and XiaoLi Chen. "Unraveling Secretory Mechanisms that Control Pentraxin 3 Secretion in Adipocytes During Inflammation." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.122.

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Abstract As a soluble pattern recognition receptor, Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) plays an important role in innate immunity and obesity-associated metabolic inflammation. PTX3 is abundantly expressed and secreted in adipocytes in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Appropriate regulation of PTX3 secretion is critical for maintaining inflammatory homeostasis. This study aims to unravel the mechanisms that control PTX3 secretion in adipocytes during LPS-induced inflammation. Upon 6h treatment of LPS, PTX3 expression and secretion were significantly induced in 3T3-L1 and stromal-vascular (SV)

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Evguenieva‐Hackenberg, Elena, Pamela Walter, Elisabeth Hochleitner, Friedrich Lottspeich, and Gabriele Klug. "An exosome‐like complex in Sulfolobus solfataricus." EMBO reports 4, no. 9 (2003): 889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.embor929.

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Liu, Jun-Jie, Chu-Ya Niu, Yao Wu, et al. "CryoEM structure of yeast cytoplasmic exosome complex." Cell Research 26, no. 7 (2016): 822–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cr.2016.56.

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Shtam, Tatiana, Vladimir Evtushenko, Roman Samsonov, et al. "Evaluation of immune and chemical precipitation methods for plasma exosome isolation." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (2020): e0242732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242732.

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Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by multiple mammalian cell types and involved in intercellular communication. Numerous studies have explored the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of exosomes. The key challenge is the lack of efficient and standard techniques for isolation and downstream analysis of nanovesicles. Conventional isolation methods, such as ultracentrifugation, precipitation, filtration, chromatography, and immune-affinity-based approaches, rely on specific physical properties or on surface biomarkers. However, any of the existing methods has its limi

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Giordano, Cinzia, Luca Gelsomino, Ines Barone, et al. "Leptin Modulates Exosome Biogenesis in Breast Cancer Cells: An Additional Mechanism in Cell-to-Cell Communication." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 7 (2019): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8071027.

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Exosomes—small membrane vesicles secreted by both normal and malignant cells upon fusion of endosomal multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane—play an important role in cell-to-cell communication. During the last decade, several reports have highlighted the involvement of these nanovesicles in many aspects of breast cancer development and progression, but the extracellular signals governing their generation in breast cancer cells have not been completely unraveled. Here, we investigated the role of the obesity hormone leptin, a well-known adipokine implicated in mammary tumorigene

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Gong, Yi, Xiaoyuan Wei, Wanwei Sun, et al. "Exosomal miR-224 contributes to hemolymph microbiota homeostasis during bacterial infection in crustacean." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 8 (2021): e1009837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009837.

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It is well known that exosomes could serve as anti-microbial immune factors in animals. However, despite growing evidences have shown that the homeostasis of the hemolymph microbiota was vital for immune regulation in crustaceans, the relationship between exosomes and hemolymph microbiota homeostasis during pathogenic bacteria infection has not been addressed. Here, we reported that exosomes released from Vibrio parahaemolyticus-infected mud crabs (Scylla paramamosain) could help to maintain the homeostasis of hemolymph microbiota and have a protective effect on the mortality of the host durin

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Milligan, Laura, Laurence Decourty, Cosmin Saveanu, et al. "A Yeast Exosome Cofactor, Mpp6, Functions in RNA Surveillance and in the Degradation of Noncoding RNA Transcripts." Molecular and Cellular Biology 28, no. 17 (2008): 5446–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00463-08.

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ABSTRACT A genome-wide screen for synthetic lethal (SL) interactions with loss of the nuclear exosome cofactors Rrp47/Lrp1 or Air1 identified 3′→5′ exonucleases, the THO complex required for mRNP assembly, and Ynr024w (Mpp6). SL interactions with mpp6Δ were confirmed for rrp47Δ and nuclear exosome component Rrp6. The results of bioinformatic analyses revealed homology between Mpp6 and a human exosome cofactor, underlining the high conservation of the RNA surveillance system. Mpp6 is an RNA binding protein that physically associates with the exosome and was localized throughout the nucleus. The

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Hyenne, Vincent, Ahmet Apaydin, David Rodriguez, et al. "RAL-1 controls multivesicular body biogenesis and exosome secretion." Journal of Cell Biology 211, no. 1 (2015): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201504136.

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Exosomes are secreted vesicles arising from the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane. Despite their importance in various processes, the molecular mechanisms controlling their formation and release remain unclear. Using nematodes and mammary tumor cells, we show that Ral GTPases are involved in exosome biogenesis. In Caenorhabditis elegans, RAL-1 localizes at the surface of secretory MVBs. A quantitative electron microscopy analysis of RAL-1–deficient animals revealed that RAL-1 is involved in both MVB formation and their fusion with the plasma membrane. These functi

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Mitchell, Phil. "Exosome substrate targeting: the long and short of it." Biochemical Society Transactions 42, no. 4 (2014): 1129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20140088.

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The exosome ribonuclease complex functions in both the limited trimming of the 3′-ends of nuclear substrates during RNA processing events and the complete destruction of nuclear and cytoplasmic RNAs. The two RNases of the eukaryotic exosome, Rrp44 (rRNA-processing protein 44) and Rrp6, are bound at either end of a catalytically inert cylindrical core. RNA substrates are threaded through the internal channel of the core to Rrp44 by RNA helicase components of the nuclear TRAMP complex (Trf4–Air2–Mtr4 polyadenylation complex) or the cytoplasmic Ski (superkiller) complex. Recent studies reveal tha

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Sterrett, Maria C., Liz Enyenihi, Sara W. Leung, et al. "A budding yeast model for human disease mutations in the EXOSC2 cap subunit of the RNA exosome complex." RNA 27, no. 9 (2021): 1046–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1261/rna.078618.120.

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RNA exosomopathies, a growing family of diseases, are linked to missense mutations in genes encoding structural subunits of the evolutionarily conserved, 10-subunit exoribonuclease complex, the RNA exosome. This complex consists of a three-subunit cap, a six-subunit, barrel-shaped core, and a catalytic base subunit. While a number of mutations in RNA exosome genes cause pontocerebellar hypoplasia, mutations in the cap subunit gene EXOSC2 cause an apparently distinct clinical presentation that has been defined as a novel syndrome SHRF (short stature, hearing loss, retinitis pigmentosa, and dist

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DeCastro, Jonalyn, Joshua Littig, Peichi Peggy Chou, et al. "The Microfluidic Toolbox for Analyzing Exosome Biomarkers of Aging." Molecules 26, no. 3 (2021): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030535.

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As the fields of aging and neurological disease expand to liquid biopsies, there is a need to identify informative biomarkers for the diagnosis of neurodegeneration and other age-related disorders such as cancers. A means of high-throughput screening of biomolecules relevant to aging can facilitate this discovery in complex biofluids, such as blood. Exosomes, the smallest of extracellular vesicles, are found in many biofluids and, in recent years, have been found to be excellent candidates as liquid biopsy biomarkers due to their participation in intercellular communication and various patholo

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Maring, Janita A., Christien M. Beez, Volkmar Falk, Martina Seifert, and Christof Stamm. "Myocardial Regeneration via Progenitor Cell-Derived Exosomes." Stem Cells International 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7849851.

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In the past 20 years, a variety of cell products has been evaluated in terms of their capacity to treat patients with acute myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure. Despite initial enthusiasm, therapeutic efficacy has overall been disappointing, and clinical application is costly and complex. Recently, a subset of small extracellular vesicles (EVs), commonly referred to as “exosomes,” was shown to confer cardioprotective and regenerative signals at a magnitude similar to that of their donor cells. The conceptual advantage is that they may be produced in industrial quantities and stored

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Makino, Debora L., Marc Baumgärtner, and Elena Conti. "Structure of the RNA-bound eukaryotic exosome complex." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 69, a1 (2013): s53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767313099546.

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Belostotsky, Dmitry. "Exosome complex and pervasive transcription in eukaryotic genomes." Current Opinion in Cell Biology 21, no. 3 (2009): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2009.04.011.

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Okuda, Ellen K., Fernando A. Gonzales-Zubiate, Olivier Gadal, and Carla C. Oliveira. "Nucleolar localization of the yeast RNA exosome subunit Rrp44 hints at early pre-rRNA processing as its main function." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 32 (2020): 11195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra120.013589.

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The RNA exosome is a multisubunit protein complex involved in RNA surveillance of all classes of RNA, and is essential for pre-rRNA processing. The exosome is conserved throughout evolution, present in archaea and eukaryotes from yeast to humans, where it localizes to the nucleus and cytoplasm. The catalytically active subunit Rrp44/Dis3 of the exosome in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is considered a protein present in these two subcellular compartments, and here we report that it not only localizes mainly to the nucleus, but is concentrated in the nucleolus, where the early pre-rRN

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Sloan, Katherine E., Claudia Schneider, and Nicholas J. Watkins. "Comparison of the yeast and human nuclear exosome complexes." Biochemical Society Transactions 40, no. 4 (2012): 850–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20120061.

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Most RNAs in eukaryotic cells are produced as precursors that undergo processing at the 3′ and/or 5′ end to generate the mature transcript. In addition, many transcripts are degraded not only as part of normal recycling, but also when recognized as aberrant by the RNA surveillance machinery. The exosome, a conserved multiprotein complex containing two nucleases, is involved in both the 3′ processing and the turnover of many RNAs in the cell. A series of factors, including the TRAMP (Trf4–Air2–Mtr4 polyadenylation) complex, Mpp6 and Rrp47, help to define the targets to be processed and/or degra

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Wu, Mengjun, Evdoxia Karadoulama, Marta Lloret-Llinares, et al. "The RNA exosome shapes the expression of key protein-coding genes." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 15 (2020): 8509–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa594.

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Abstract The ribonucleolytic exosome complex is central for nuclear RNA degradation, primarily targeting non-coding RNAs. Still, the nuclear exosome could have protein-coding (pc) gene-specific regulatory activities. By depleting an exosome core component, or components of exosome adaptor complexes, we identify ∼2900 transcription start sites (TSSs) from within pc genes that produce exosome-sensitive transcripts. At least 1000 of these overlap with annotated mRNA TSSs and a considerable portion of their transcripts share the annotated mRNA 3′ end. We identify two types of pc-genes, both employ

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Wherley, Jennifer, Ashley N. Kamimae-Lanning, Natalya A. Goloviznina, Jianya Huan, and Peter Kurre. "Induction of DNA Damage Response and Repair Pathways in HSPCs Following Exposure to AML Exosomes." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 4324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4324.4324.

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Abstract Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that function in cell-cell communication by trafficking protein and RNA species to bystander cells. While exosomes are produced by all cell types, those released by cancer cells have come to the forefront of investigation for their potential to modulate the tumorigenic niche. We recently reported that exosomes released from acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells impact the phenotype and function of stromal and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) found in the bone marrow (Huan et al. Cancer Res. 2013). As part of these studies, we observed

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Nolte-‘t Hoen, Esther N. M., Sonja I. Buschow, Stephen M. Anderton, Willem Stoorvogel, and Marca H. M. Wauben. "Activated T cells recruit exosomes secreted by dendritic cells via LFA-1." Blood 113, no. 9 (2009): 1977–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-08-174094.

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Dendritic cells (DCs) are known to secrete exosomes that transfer membrane proteins, like major histocompatibility complex class II, to other DCs. Intercellular transfer of membrane proteins is also observed during cognate interactions between DCs and CD4+ T cells. The acquired proteins are functional and play a role in regulation of immune responses. How membrane protein transfer is achieved and regulated is unclear. Here we show that T cells can recruit major histocompatibility complex class II–containing DC exosomes secreted in the extracellular milieu during cognate DC–T-cell interactions.

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McIver, Skye C., Koichi R. Kasumura, Elsa Davids, et al. "Orchestrating Developmental Signaling to Balance Erythroblast Proliferation and Differentiation." Blood 128, no. 22 (2016): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.699.699.

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Abstract The highly conserved exosome complex mediates the degradation and processing of multiple classes of RNAs. How this post-transcriptional RNA- and gene-regulatory machine impacts cell fate decisions and differentiation is poorly understood. Previously, we demonstrated that exosome complex subunits confer an erythroid maturation barricade, and the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 dismantles the barricade by transcriptionally repressing the cognate genes. While dissecting requirements for the maturation barricade in mice, we discovered that the exosome complex is a vital determinant

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Hornung, Tassilo, Heather A. O’Neill, Stephen C. Logie, et al. "ADAPT identifies an ESCRT complex composition that discriminates VCaP from LNCaP prostate cancer cell exosomes." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 8 (2020): 4013–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa034.

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Abstract Libraries of single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs) can be enriched for sequences that specifically bind molecules on naïve complex biological samples like cells or tissues. Depending on the enrichment strategy, the ssODNs can identify molecules specifically associated with a defined biological condition, for example a pathological phenotype, and thus are potentially useful for biomarker discovery. We performed ADAPT, a variant of SELEX, on exosomes secreted by VCaP prostate cancer cells. A library of ∼1011 ssODNs was enriched for those that bind to VCaP exosomes and discrimin

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Vidal, M., P. Mangeat, and D. Hoekstra. "Aggregation reroutes molecules from a recycling to a vesicle-mediated secretion pathway during reticulocyte maturation." Journal of Cell Science 110, no. 16 (1997): 1867–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.110.16.1867.

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Endocytosis of the Tf/TfR complex is essentially the only pathway active in maturing reticulocytes, while exosomes, formed by invagination of the endosomal membrane, provide a mechanism to eliminate seemingly obsolescent proteins, including the TfR, when their function is completed. In this study, we examined molecular trafficking in the recycling and exosome-directed pathways during endocytosis in maturing reticulocytes. To this end, the flow of two exogenously inserted fluorescent lipid analogs, N-(N-[6-[(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]caproyl]) sphingomyelin (C6-NBD-SM) and N-(liss

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Liu, Y., Y. Huang, Q. Huang, et al. "AB0050 A NOVEL METHOD FOR ISOLATION OF EXOSOMES FROM SYNOVIAL FLUID." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (2021): 1057.2–1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1996.

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Background:Exosomes in synovial fluid (SF) has a close relationship with the pathogenesis of rheumatiod arthritis. As a complex biological fluid, SF presents challenges for exosomes isolation using standard methods, such as ExoquickTM kit and ultracentrifugation.Objectives:The study aims to compared the quality of exosomes separated by ExoquickTM kit (TM), ExoquickTM kit+ExoquickTC kit (TM-TC), ultracentrifugation (UC) and TM-TC+UC(TM-TC-UC) from SF.Methods:Exosomes was separated by TM, TM-TC, UC and TM-TC-UC respectively. The size and concentrations of exosomes were detected by high sensitivi

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Rech, Bruna, and Fernando A. Gonzales-Zubiate. "Mechanisms of Nuclear Transport in the cell: RNA exosome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Bionatura 5, no. 4 (2020): 1423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2020.05.04.25.

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Ribonucleases (RNases) functions in the cell include precise maturation of non- coding RNAs and degradation of specific RNA transcripts that are no longer necessary. RNAses are present in the cell as single units or assembled as multimeric complexes; one of these complexes is the RNA exosome, a highly conserved complex essential for RNA processing and degradation. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the RNA exosome comprises eleven subunits, two with catalytic activity: Rrp6 and Rrp44, where the Rrp6 subunit is exclusively nuclear. Despite the RNA exosome has been intensively investigated s

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Lorentzen, Esben, and Elena Conti. "Crystal Structure of a 9-Subunit Archaeal Exosome in Pre-Catalytic States of the Phosphorolytic Reaction." Archaea 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/721869.

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The RNA exosome is an important protein complex that functions in the 3′ processing and degradation of RNA in archaeal and eukaryotic organisms. The archaeal exosome is functionally similar to bacterial polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) and RNase PH enzymes as it uses inorganic phosphate (Pi) to processively cleave RNA substrates releasing nucleoside diphosphates. To shed light on the mechanism of catalysis, we have determined the crystal structures of mutant archaeal exosome in complex with either Pi or with both RNA and Pi at resolutions of 1.8 Å and 2.5 Å, respectively. These structures

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Chen, Li, Liqun Hu, Qing Li, Jian Ma, and Hongqi Li. "Exosome-encapsulated miR-505 from ox-LDL-treated vascular endothelial cells aggravates atherosclerosis by inducing NET formation." Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 51, no. 12 (2019): 1233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abbs/gmz123.

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Abstract Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play an important role in the pathological process of atherosclerosis (AS). This study aims to evaluate whether exosomes from oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-treated vascular endothelial cells (VECs) aggravate AS by inducing NET formation. Exosomes from the peripheral blood of healthy donors and AS patients (namely NC-EXO and AS-EXO, respectively) and exosomes from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated without or with ox-LDL (namely normal EXO and ox-LDL-EXO, respectively) were isolated, identified, and co-cultured with

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Ledet, Elisa M., Ratish Gambhira, Aryeneesh Dotiwala, Diptasri Mandal, and Oliver Sartor. "Next-generation sequencing of circulating exosomal RNA from metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 7_suppl (2015): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.7_suppl.233.

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233 Background: PCa has proven to be an extraordinarily complex disease, with both genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Exosomes are membranous nano-sized (50-100nm) vesicles derived from both normal and tumor cells, and function in cell-to-cell communication. These vesicles and their nucleic acid cargo may serve as a peripheral biomarker for genetic risk assessment of PCa prognosis and therapeutic response. The goal of this study was to characterize exosome derived RNA (exoRNA) isolated from blood of metastatic CRPC patients. Methods: Blood samples from 18 consented clinically annotated mCRP

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Lubas, Michal, Marianne S. Christensen, Maiken S. Kristiansen, et al. "Interaction Profiling Identifies the Human Nuclear Exosome Targeting Complex." Molecular Cell 43, no. 4 (2011): 624–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2011.06.028.

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Kowalinski, Eva, Alexander Kögel, Judith Ebert, et al. "Structure of a Cytoplasmic 11-Subunit RNA Exosome Complex." Molecular Cell 63, no. 1 (2016): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2016.05.028.

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