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1
Topínková, Anita. "Noc ve mlýně." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232420.
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Viljoen, Sunette. "Avant lounge exotica." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13099.
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.Avant Lounge Exotica is a project that explores the poetics of interior living spaces, specifically in relation to print media and magazine imagery. Throughout this project I have engaged with ideas around intimacy and interiority, and the sensory experience within a space. By creating imaginary environments and presenting different iterations of these spaces, I try to acknowledge the personal, psychological experience in a private interior. This interior is one that exists as part of a larger sociological context that is based on consumerist aspirations and displays of wealth.
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Šitavanc, Jan. "Exotické opce a jejich možné využití v investiční praxi." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222738.
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Diplomová práce primárně řeší zda jsou exotické opce vhodné pro zajištění kurzových rizik a přináší návrh vhodné aplikace exotických opcí. Práce je zaměřena na úzkou skupinu exotických opcí, tzv. Path-Dependent opce. Tři často používané typy těchto opcí jsou analyzovány a testovány jak mezi sebou tak pro lepší porovnání i s klasickou vanilla opcí. Hlavním výstupem diplomové práce je návrh vhodného využití testovaných exotických opcí.
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Waldeckerová, Naďa. "Option pricing using Monte Carlo methods." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-206936.
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This thesis aims to analyse different Monte Carlo methods when applied to the problem of option pricing. Closer attention is paid to three variance reduction techniques, namely control variathes, importance sampling and antithetic variables, and two different approaches, least-squares Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo methods. The detailed analysis of the differences and improvements is done on a problem of plain vanilla option pricing. At the end the methods are each applied to valuation of different exotic options.
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Lundggren, Jacob. "Det exotiska Goa - en diskursanalys." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Kulturgeografi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149894.
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Arvidsson, Emma, and Malin Dyverfors. "Djurskyddsinspektörer : - Behovet av kunskap om exotiska djur." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-25836.
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Psittacines and reptiles are exotic animals that are difficult to care for and it requires extra knowledge to make a correct assessment of their wellbeing. An animal welfare inspector, with an education in general animal welfare, may not have a deep enough knowledge of exotic animals to do a proper assessment of the animal’s general condition and its environment. In this paper it was therefore examined if animal welfare inspectors have enough knowledge to do a satisfying inspection of establishments working with selling of exotic animals. A literature study was used to examine difficulties with each species. A survey was sent to chosen county administrations to get information of existing educations/knowledge and pet shops were interviewed to see how the inspectors’ knowledge is perceived. This is done to make an estimation of the demand for this knowledge in big and small counties and how the demand is met. This paper came to the conclusion that even though the county administration may not have this specific knowledge, pet shops felt it was enough to do their job. They did in some cases feel it would be desirable to get more guidance and advices from them. The county administrations also have a clear plan for how to handle cases where expert knowledge, that they may not possess, is needed.Exotiska djur i Sverige utgörs oftast av reptiler och färggranna fåglar från andra delar av jorden. Detta gör att deras behov och beteende skiljer sig från de mer vanliga sällskapsdjuren.De är svåra att undersöka och har högre krav på en, för dem, naturlig miljö. Då de ursprungligen kommer från andra delar av jorden har de andra krav på de abiotiska faktorerna, som till exempel temperatur och fuktighet. Då dessa krav och behov kan variera stort mellan olika arter krävs det en fördjupad kunskap för att garantera en god miljö för respektive djur. Samma kunskap behövs av djurskyddsinspektören för att kontrollera att dessa behov tillgodoses. En litteraturstudie utfördes för att ta reda på hur exotiska djurs behov och beteende skiljer sig från vanliga sällskapsdjur och vilka problem som kan uppstå vid dålig djurhållning. Fyra länsstyrelser valdes ut och fick svara på en enkät med frågor om utbildning/kunskap och hur de hanterade ärenden med exotiska djur. Djurbutiker med försäljning av exotiska djur i valda län ringdes upp och frågades om hur de uppfattat inspektörerna vid kontroll. Resultatet visade att djurbutikerna tyckte att djurskyddsinspektörernas kunskap om exotiska djur var tillräcklig för att kunna göra kontroller. Det fanns dock en önskan om en högre kunskap för en bättre kommunikation och rådgivning för att få hjälp att skapa en välfärd utöver det lagen kräver. Resultaten visade också en skillnad i hur djurbutikerna uppfattade inspektörens syfte med tillsynen. Alla län hade en välgenomtänkt plan för hur de hanterar fall där extra kunskap behövs. En slutsats som framkom under arbetet var att länsstyrelsen bör utveckla sitt existerande register för att lättare kunna kolla vilka arter som finns i olika djurbutiker och hur många anmälningar det kommit in angående vissa djurslag och arter. Detta skulle det göra det lättare att göra riktade kontroller med en inspektör med rätt kunskap.
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Harris, Richard. "The Fukaya category, exotic forms and exotic autoequivalences." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/242376.
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A symplectic manifold is a smooth manifold M together with a choice of aclosed non-degenerate two-form. Recent years have seen the importance of associatingan A∞-category to M, called its Fukaya category, in helping to understandsymplectic properties of M and its Lagrangian submanifolds. One of the principlesof this construction is that automorphisms of the symplectic manifold shouldinduce autoequivalences of the derived Fukaya category, although precisely whatautoequivalences are thus obtained has been established in very few cases. Given a Lagrangian V ≅ CPn in a symplectic manifold (M,ω), there is anassociated symplectomorphism ∅v of M. In Part I, we defi ne the notion of aCPn-object in an A∞-category A, and use this to construct algebraically an A∞-functor Φv , which we prove induces an autoequivalence of the derived categoryDA. We conjecture that Φv corresponds to the action of ∅v and prove this inthe lowest dimension n = 1. We also give examples of symplectic manifolds forwhich this twist can be defi ned algebraically, but corresponds to no geometricautomorphism of the manifold itself: we call such autoequivalences exotic. Computations in Fukaya categories have also been useful in distinguishing certainsymplectic forms on exact symplectic manifolds from the 'standard' forms. In Part II, we investigate the uniqueness of so-called exotic structures on certainexact symplectic manifolds by looking at how their symplectic properties changeunder small nonexact deformations of the symplectic form. This allows us to distinguishbetween two exotic symplectic forms on T*S3∪2-handle, even though thestandard symplectic invariants such as their Fukaya category and their symplecticcohomology vanish. We also exhibit, for any n, an exact symplectic manifoldwith n distinct, exotic symplectic structures, which again cannot be distinguishedby symplectic cohomology or by the Fukaya category.
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Mårtensson, Michael. "Exotiska kroppar till salu på den globala marknaden." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Socialantropologi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-2223.
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Soplin, Montoya Luis Fernando, Pacheco Julio Enrique Alejos, Vicente Edith Huamani, and Cadillo Manuel Martin Olivos. "Perú Exotic." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656124.
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La idea de negocio se concentra en la elaboración y venta de macerados exóticos a base de frutas exóticas de distintas regiones del Perú estos son turistas género de femenino y masculino que vienen de visita a nuestro país a conocer nuestra cultura, así como también degustar nuestra rica gastronomía y licores exóticos de cada región. Ellos pueden oscilar entre las edades de: 18 a 65 años, en este rango estimamos que ellos pueden mantener un estilo de vida agitado donde buscan nuevas experiencias y conocimientos culturales de cada lugar que visitan.
Estas personas forman parte de extranjeros y población económicamente activa de la sierra central y selva del Perú, ya sea como dependientes o emprendedores. Perú exotic, se dedicará a la elaboración de macerados a base de frutas exóticas, teniendo como servicio diferenciado la atención y diseño personalizado, encontrándolo en distintos puntos de la ciudad de Lima, proyectando tener al tercer año tres unidades móviles a través de un crecimiento orgánico. El negocio, que se enmarca dentro del modelo B2C, proporciona una tasa de retorno (TIR) de 56.28%, dicha tasa tiene tendencias a aumentar debido al comportamiento de la demanda descubierta en la validación del negocio. A su vez, las probabilidades de crecimiento son altas teniendo una proyección de crecimiento al quinto año del 35%. Perú exotic ofrece cifras altamente atractivas, obtenido de ganancias por S/. 4, 728 en un escenario base, con una tasa de descuento de 20.45%. Por lo cual Perú exotic es un modelo de negocio viable lo cual lo convierte en un servicio capaz de cubrir una necesidad latente en el mercado.The business idea is focused on the elaboration and sale of exotic macerates based on exotic fruits from different regions of Peru. These are female and male tourists who come to visit our country to know our culture, as well as taste our rich gastronomy and exotic liquors from each region. They can range between the ages of 18 to 65, in this range we estimate that they can maintain a hectic lifestyle where they seek new experiences and cultural knowledge of each place they visit. These people are part of foreigners and economically active population of the central highlands and jungle of Peru, either as dependents or entrepreneurs. Peru exotic, will be dedicated to the elaboration of macerates based on exotic fruits, having as a differentiated service the attention and personalized design, finding it in different points of the city of Lima, projecting to have three mobile units by the third year through an organic growth . The business, which is part of the B2C model, provides a return rate (IRR) of 56.28%, this rate tends to increase due to the behavior of the demand discovered in the validation of the business. In turn, the probabilities of growth are high, having a projection of growth at the fifth year of 35%. Peru exotic offers highly attractive figures, obtained from earnings of S /. 4, 728 in a baseline scenario, with a discount rate of 20.45%. Therefore, Peru exotic is a viable business model which makes it a service capable of covering a latent need in the market.
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Fečko, Michal. "Exotické opcie (Digitály a bariery)." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-5391.
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Main objective of this diploma thesis is to point out to the advantages related to the applications of Exotic options and show that we have to be aware of complexities which arise in hedging such products. There exists a quantity of different Exotic options products so the first chapter is dedicated to its basic classification, although not all instruments were included, as some are very specific. According to the application of options, we took out the most used Exotic options. The number one in the Exotic options world, are the Barrier options, followed by Digital options
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Kling, Felix, and Felix Kling. "Exotic Higgs Decays." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/620861.
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Many models of physics beyond the Standard Model include an extended Higgs sector, responsible for electroweak symmetry breaking, and predict the existence of additional Higgs bosons. The Type II Two-Higgs-Doublet Model (2HDM) is a particularly well motivated scenario and a suitable framework for phenomenological studies of extended Higgs sectors. Its low energy spectrum includes two CP-even Higgses h and H, one CP-odd Higgs A, and a pair of charged Higgses H±. We study the implication of the LHC Higgs search results on the Type II 2HDM and identify regions of parameter space which are consistent with all experimental and theoretical constraints and can accommodate the observed 125 GeV Higgs signal. This includes parameter space with a distinctive mass hierarchy which permit a sizable mass splitting between the undiscovered non-Standard Model Higgs states. If this mass splitting is large enough, exotic Higgs decay channels into either a Higgs plus a Standard Model gauge boson or two lighter Higgses open up. This can significantly weaken the reach of the conventional Higgs decay channels into Standard Model particles but also provide the additional opportunity to search for exotic Higgs decay channels. We provide benchmark planes to explore exotic Higgs decay scenarios and perform detailed collider analyses to study the exotic decay channels H/A -> AZ/HZ and H± -> AW/HW. We find that these exotic decays offer complementary discovery channels to the conventional modes for both neutral and charged Higgs searches and permit exclusion and discovery in large regions of parameter space.
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Bodenham, Dean. "Exotic 4-manifolds." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4865.
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Hammarström, Anders. "Det exotiska islam : Homogenisering i bilden av muslimer i skolan." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-3342.
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This paper studies three Swedish textbooks for the A-course in religious studies, in the Swedish equivalency of high school, to see if the image of Islam and Muslims presented is diverse or homogeneous and exotic. The purpose of the study is to see whether or not the religious studies can contribute to the forming of islamophobic beliefs in pupils. Studies have shown that islamophobia is widespread in Sweden, therefore it could be interesting to see if the schools play any part in the forming or spreading of islamophobic views. The conclusion reached is that this cannot be excluded as a possibility. There are still some textbooks that present Muslims in a homogeneous and exotic manner to some degree. So it cannot be ruled out that the education, if guided by a textbook, can be a cause of a homogeneous and exotic view of Muslims, which ultimately can lead to islamophobia.
Den här uppsatsen undersöker tre läroböcker i religionskunskap för A-kursen i gymnasieskolan. Syftet är att se om böckerna presenterar en homogeniserad och exotisk bild av muslimer och islam, och därmed även vara en möjlig orsak till bildandet av islamofobiska föreställningar hos eleverna. Undersökningar har visat att islamofobin är påtaglig i Sverige, därför kan det vara av intresse att undersöka om skolan spelar någon roll i spridandet eller bildandet av islamofobiska åsikter. Slutsatsen som nås är att detta inte kan uteslutas som möjlighet. Det finns än idag läroböcker som i viss mån presenterar muslimer som en exotisk homogen grupp. Det kan alltså inte uteslutas att religionsundervisningen, om den styrs av en lärobok, kan ge upphov till en homogeniserad och exotisk bild av muslimer och som i förlängningen kan orsaka islamofobi.
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Krkic, Milos. "Valuing exotic energy derivatives." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416650.
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Hansen, Peder. "Pricing exotic power options." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analys och sannolikhetsteori, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-248571.
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Reichle, Rainer. "Exotic Species of Hydrogen." [S.l. : s.n.], 2002. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB10236320.
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Morgan, David Lee. "Searches for exotic matter." W&M ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623922.
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This research encompasses two quite distinct searches for exotic matter. The first half concerns exotic matter on the scale of elementary particles. In this chapter, I consider the production of gluinos, the supersymmetric partner of the gluon, in models where the gluino is very light. Cross sections are calculated for electroproduction and hadroproduction of gluinos and the results indicate that existing accelerators are capable of probing the region of gluino masses between 1.0 and 2.0GeV with lifetimes between 10{dollar}\sp{lcub}-10{rcub}{dollar} and 10{dollar}\sp{lcub}-6{rcub}{dollar} seconds. Such experiments could find a light gluino if it exists, or to close this unexplored mass-lifetime window. The second half concerns the search for exotic forms of matter on the macroscopic scale, namely the search for stable strange quark matter. If stable strange matter exists, then all neutron stars may in fact be strange stars. I examine a recent proposal that strange star oscillations may result in a detectable millimeter-wave radio signal. The effects of rotation on this signal are calculated with the motivation of providing a more distinctive signature for the detection of strange matter stars.
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Asmat, Grados Silvia Roxana, Elejalde Angela María Franco, Bravo Lesly Mercedes Pizarro, and Pinchi Martha Milagros Quevedo. "Perú Exotic Regional Liquors." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625401.
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El presente trabajo de investigación sobre licores regionales del Perú muestra la posibilidad de realizar un proyecto innovador como un e-marketplace de licores regionales artesanales, la investigación realizada principalmente en el aeropuerto Jorge Chavez y próxima ejecución es dirigido a turistas extranjeros que llegan a Lima de distintos niveles socioeconómicos permitiendo atender; de esta manera, la demanda insatisfecha del turística extranjero en tener una nueva experiencia culinaria de licores artesanales de frutos y hierbas del Perú, que puedan ubicar en un solo lugar y contar con la información necesaria de los productos, propiedad y características de la región de donde provienen.
El trabajo de investigación propone brindar una variedad de licores artesanales de todas las regiones: costa, sierra y selva; comercializándolo en un punto de venta en el distrito de Mirafores de manera accesible, rápida, segura, cómoda y con garantía del producto, así mismo, la venta será realizada de manera virtual a través de nuestra pagina web y redes sociales. Se gestionarán alianzas estratégicas con hoteles, agencias de Viajes, restaurantes y empresas de catering. Además, la propuesta de valor de ofrecer licores personalizados marca la pauta en la diferenciación de nuestra marca Perúexotic.
Finalmente, la inversión inicial será de S/ 115 mil soles financiados con 40% de aportes de capital y 60% de con aportes de inversionistas.This research paper about regional drinks in Peru shows the possibility of carrying out an innovative project as an e-marketplace of regional craft drink, this research has been carried out mainly at the Jorge Chavez airport and aimed just at foreign tourists arriving in Lima from different socioeconomic levels. This has allowed foreign tourists to satisfy their need to taste different Peruvian craft drinks made of herbs and fruits, which they can get in this place and have the necessary information of the products, specially the details and characteristics and the region where they are made of. The research suggests offering a variety of craft drinks from all regions: coast, highlands and jungle; trading them in just one place in Miraflores, so it can be fast, safe, comfortable to buy them and I should have the product guarantee. Besides, they can be sold online through our website and social networks. Strategic agreements will be managed with hotels, travel agencies, restaurants and catering companies. Moreover, the value of offering personalized drinks sets an optimistic tone between our Peruexotic brand and the other ones. Finally, the initial investment will be S / 115,000.00 financed with 40% from our capital and 60% from our institutional investors.
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Richards, Darren Glyn. "Pricing American exotic options." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624594.
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Geirsson, Gunnlaugur. "Deep learning exotic derivatives." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för systemteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-430410.
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Monte Carlo methods in derivative pricing are computationally expensive, in particular for evaluating models partial derivatives with regard to inputs. This research proposes the use of deep learning to approximate such valuation models for highly exotic derivatives, using automatic differentiation to evaluate input sensitivities. Deep learning models are trained to approximate Phoenix Autocall valuation using a proprietary model used by Svenska Handelsbanken AB. Models are trained on large datasets of low-accuracy (10^4 simulations) Monte Carlo data, successfully learning the true model with an average error of 0.1% on validation data generated by 10^8 simulations. A specific model parametrisation is proposed for 2-day valuation only, to be recalibrated interday using transfer learning. Automatic differentiation approximates sensitivity to (normalised) underlying asset prices with a mean relative error generally below 1.6%. Overall error when predicting sensitivity to implied volatililty is found to lie within 10%-40%. Near identical results are found by finite difference as automatic differentiation in both cases. Automatic differentiation is not successful at capturing sensitivity to interday contract change in value, though errors of 8%-25% are achieved by finite difference. Model recalibration by transfer learning proves to converge over 15 times faster and with up to 14% lower relative error than training using random initialisation. The results show that deep learning models can efficiently learn Monte Carlo valuation, and that these can be quickly recalibrated by transfer learning. The deep learning model gradient computed by automatic differentiation proves a good approximation of the true model sensitivities. Future research proposals include studying optimised recalibration schedules, using training data generated by single Monte Carlo price paths, and studying additional parameters and contracts.
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Stromberg, Juliet C., and Matthew K. Chew. "Herbaceous exotics in Arizona's Riparian Ecosystems." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/554259.
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Best, Rebecca Jane. "Exotic herbivores facilitate the exotic grasses they graze : mechanisms for an unexpected "invasional meltdown"." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31851.
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Native communities increasingly host exotic species at multiple trophic levels, but
most current hypotheses about community invasibility consider only a single invader. In
addition to the simultaneous effects of native herbivores and native plant competitors on
community invasibility, we must also consider the possibility of positive or negative
feedback cycles between exotic species at multiple trophic levels. Though examples of
mutually-beneficial interactions between exotic species have been described, and the
possibility of subsequent "invasional meltdown" scenarios raised, few studies have been
quantitative or mechanistic. I studied the co-invasion of an endangered island ecosystem by
exotic Canada geese (Branta canadensis) and eight exotic annual grasses to estimate the
synergistic effects of novel inter- and intra-trophic interactions on the invasion success of the
grasses. Geese fed selectively on the exotic grasses, causing them to produce a higher
number of short stems. This appeared to be an efficient reproductive and competitive
strategy, allowing the grasses to form dense lawns with reduced occurrence of native forbs
not adapted to compete under grazing or with grass. The demographic success of the exotic
grasses was thus a product of both novel inter-trophic interactions with geese and novel intratrophic
interactions with the native plant community. In combination, these interactions
produced an unexpected outcome. Current theory suggests the grasses should be limited by a
selective enemy, but my work shows that co-evolved grazer and grass strategies benefited
exotic species at both trophic levels. Selective herbivory by geese also facilitated their
dispersal of exotic grass seed between heavily invaded feeding areas and small islands used
for nesting. In sum, selective herbivory by geese resulted in the spread and proliferation of
their preferred food source. This unexpected case of positive feedback between invaders suggests two avenues for strengthening current theoretical frameworks. Robust hypotheses
for predicting invasion success must account for multiple novel interactions, and for the
degree of shared evolutionary context between multiple invaders.Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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Theron, Nadia. "Aspects of some exotic options." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1236.
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Liang, Yu. "EXOTIC INVASIVE PLANTS IN KENTUCKY." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/23.
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Invasion of exotic species is a significant problem in natural ecosystems, reaching epidemic proportions and resulting in significant economic losses. However, insufficient knowledge of explicit spatial distribution of invasive species hinders our ability to prevent and/or mitigate future invasion. In this study, we demonstrate the use of existing voluntary data to survey invasive plant species in Kentucky. We also reconstructed the historical distribution of 16 exotic invasive plants typical to Kentucky using herbarium records. We found that Kentucky is facing a large threat from exotic invasive plants as they are reported throughout most counties. The distribution maps for four of the top 10 most reported invasive species revealed that Kentucky is presently or was previously a front of invasion. The majority of the 16 targeted invasive species were scattered throughout Kentucky with no concentrations within particular regions. Cumulative curves of occupied counties over time fit a “J” shape expansion curve, which indicates the potential for further future invasion. This study demonstrates the usefulness of voluntary data and herbarium data to reconstruct the historical and current distribution of invasive species. Further studies on other invasive species can take advantage of information associated with herbarium specimens to achieve more fruitful results.
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Choi, Chi Hung. "An essay on exotic floaters /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2002. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?FINA%202002%20CHOI.
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Chou, Andrew. "Static replication of exotic options." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42649.
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Broström, Axel, and Richard Kristiansson. "Exotic Derivatives and Deep Learning." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-228476.
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This thesis investigates the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)for calculating present values, Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall ofoptions, both European call options and more complex rainbow options. Theperformance of the ANN is evaluated by comparing it to a second-order Taylorpolynomial using pre-calculated sensitivities to certain risk-factors. Amultilayer perceptron approach is chosen based on previous literature andapplied to both types of options. The data is generated from a financial risk-managementsoftware for both call options and rainbow options along with the relatedTaylor approximations. The study shows that while the ANN outperforms theTaylor approximation in calculating present values and risk measures forcertain movements in the underlying risk-factors, the general conclusion isthat an ANN trained and evaluated in accordance with the method in this studydoes not outperform a Taylor approximation even if it is theoretically possiblefor the ANN to do so. The important conclusion of the study is that the ANNseems to be able to learn to calculate present values that otherwise requireMonte Carlo simulation. Thus, the study is a proof of concept that requiresfurther development for implementation.Denna masteruppsats undersöker användningen avArtificiella Neurala Nätverk (ANN) för att beräkna nuvärdet, Value-at-Risk ochExpected Shortfall för optioner, både Europeiska köpoptioner samt mer komplexarainbow-optioner. ANN:t jämförs med ett Taylorpolynom av andra ordningen somanvänder känsligheter mot ett flertal riskfaktorer. En typ av ANN som kallasmultilayer perceptron väljs baserat på tidigare forskning inom området ochappliceras på båda typerna av optioner. Datan som används har genererats frånett finansiellt riskhanteringssystem för såväl köpoptioner som rainbow-optionertillsammans med tillhörande Taylorapproximation. Studien visar att även om ANNslår Taylorpolynomet för vissa specifika beräkningar av nuvärdet och riskvärdenså är den generella slutsatsen att ett ANN som är tränad och utvärderad enligtmetoden i denna studie inte presterar bättre än ett Taylorpolynom även om detär teoretiskt möjligt att ANN:t kan göra det. Den viktigaste slutsatsen fråndenna studie är att ANN:t verkar kunna lära sig prissätta komplexa finansielladerivat som annars kräver Monte Carlo-simulering. Således validerar dennastudie ett koncept som kräver ytterligare utveckling före det implementeras
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Kozii, Vladyslav. "Exotic superconductivity in quantum materials." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127702.
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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2019
Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 345-342).
The theory of superconductivity developed by Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer has proven to correctly describe a wide class of metals, where the effective attraction between electrons is mediated by phonons. Despite huge success, this theory fails to explain certain types of superconductivity, which includes but not limited to topological superconductivity and superconductivity in systems with low carrier density. We study new exciting properties of these materials and discuss possible microscopic mechanisms for exotic superconductivity. In Part I of this thesis, we explore the properties of two-component superconductors with strong spin-orbit coupling. Our study is motivated by the experiments on a topological superconductor candidate material, Bi2Se3 doped with Cu, Sn, or Nb atoms. Generally, superconductivity in such systems comes in two flavors: nematic, which breaks rotational symmetry of the crystal, and time-reversal breaking chiral.
We study the relative energetics and different features specific to each of these flavors. We find that, in three dimensions, the nematic superconductors generically possess full pairing gap on the Fermi surface, thus representing a solid-state realization of a time-reversal-invariant topological superconductor. On the contrary, chiral superconductors host non-degenerate point nodes on the Fermi surface and represent the superconducting analog of topological Weyl semimetals; the low-energy excitations in these materials are itinerant Majorana fermions. In Part II, we suggest possible microscopic mechanisms for unconventional superconductivity. We show that strong fluctuations of the inversion-breaking order parameter induce instability in an odd-parity superconducting channel, suggesting a route towards topological superconductivity. Using bosonization, we generalize this result to one-dimensional systems.
We apply our findings to study superconductivity in three-dimensional Dirac materials with extremely low density of carriers. Finally, we discuss the mechanism for nematic superconductivity from density wave fluctuations in two-dimensional systems, with possible application to twisted bilayer graphene. The results presented in this thesis are mainly based on Refs. [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7].
by Vladyslav Kozii.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics
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Nhongo, Tawuya D. R. "Pricing exotic options using C++." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008373.
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This document demonstrates the use of the C++ programming language as a simulation tool in the efficient pricing of exotic European options. Extensions to the basic problem of simulation pricing are undertaken including variance reduction by conditional expectation, control and antithetic variates. Ultimately we were able to produce a modularized, easily extend-able program which effectively makes use of Monte Carlo simulation techniques to price lookback, Asian and barrier exotic options. Theories of variance reduction were validated except in cases where we used control variates in combination with the other variance reduction techniques in which case we observed increased variance. Again, the main aim of this half thesis was to produce a C++ program which would produce stable pricings of exotic options.
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Graziosi, Ignazio. "INVASIVENESS OF AN EXOTIC GALL WASP IS INFLUENCED BY INTERACTIONS WITH EXOTIC AND ENDEMIC ORGANISMS." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_etds/15.
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American chestnut was once a crucial component of North American forests, but it was functionally eliminated by the introduction of the chestnut blight fungus. Chestnut is recently experiencing resurgence, but the introduced Asian chestnut gall wasp, a specialist herbivore, threatens chestnut recovery. I characterized this invasion and the interactions developing with host associates as the gall wasp spread in North America. Gall wasp dispersal is attributable to host plant distribution, effects of prevailing winds during adult insect emergence, and to topography. This knowledge may be useful to more accurately predict locations of future gall wasp infestations. Gall wasp invasiveness is also affected by its ability to modulate reproduction and reallocate nutritive resources for body maintenance and egg quality. The gall wasp can form galls of different shape and structure based on population levels and parasitism pressure, in order to optimize fitness. Simple, uni-lobed galls are formed when population pressure is low, and complex, multi-lobed galls are formed when gall wasp populations are high. A fungal plant pathogen, identified as Colletotrichum sp., infects galls and acts as an opportunistic entomopathogen, causing gall wasp mortality while sparing the parasitoid. A non-native torymid parasitic wasp has been deployed for biological control. Using a Y-olfactometer I demonstrated that a combination of olfactory and visual cues from chestnut galls and chestnut foliage is required for parasitoid adults to locate hosts. In addition, I evaluated interactions between the gall wasp and stem cankers on chestnut. Using potted Chinese chestnut seedlings with or without gall wasp or a native Nectria cankering pathogen, I found that the gall wasp has a negative impact on plant fitness, and a positive impact on fungal fitness. My work helps elucidate ecological mechanisms underlying the success of the exotic Asian chestnut gall wasp in North America, and adds to our knowledge base characterizing evolving ecological interactions between native and introduced species.
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Kazziha, Soraya. "Interest rate models, inflation-based derivatives, trigger notes and cross-currency swaptions." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7281.
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Badyal, Jasvinder Pal Singh. "Exotic options with stochastic dividend yields." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286311.
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Adam, Alexander. "Numerical general relativity in exotic settings." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24825.
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In this thesis, we discuss applications of numerical relativity in a variety of complex settings. After introducing aspects of black hole physics, extra dimensions, holography, and Einstein-Aether theory we discuss how one can frame the problem of solving the static Einstein equations as an elliptic boundary value problem by inclusion of a DeTurck gauge fixing term. Having setup this background, we turn to our simplest application of numerical relativity, namely fractionalisation in holographic condensed matter. We explain how one may describe this phenomenon by studying particular classes of hairy black holes and analysing whether bulk flux is sourced by a horizon or charged matter. This problem is our simplest application of numerical relativity as the Einstein equations reduce to ODEs and the problem may be solved by shooting methods. We next turn to a discussion of stationary numerical relativity and explain how one can also view the problem of finding stationary black hole solutions as an elliptic problem, generalising the static results discussed earlier. Ergoregions and horizons are naively a threat to ellipticity, but by considering a class of spacetimes describing a fibration of the stationary and axial Killing directions over a Riemannian base space manifold, we show how the problem can nevertheless still be phrased in this manner. Finally we close with a discussion of black holes in Einstein-Aether theory. These unusual objects have multiple horizons as a consequence of broken Lorentz symmetry, and in order to construct such solutions we explain how to generalise the PDE methods of previous sections to construct solutions interior to a metric horizon where the Harmonic Einstein equations cease to be elliptic. Using this new machinery we rediscover the spherically symmetric static black holes that have been found in the literature and moreover present the first known rotating solutions of the theory.
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Lau, Ka Wo. "Numerical algorithms for exotic financial derivatives /." View abstract or full-text, 2004. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?COMP%202004%20LAU.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-126). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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Lord, Roger. "Efficient pricing algorithms for exotic derivatives." [Amsterdam] : Rotterdam : Thela Thesis ; Erasmus University [Host], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/13917.
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Reed, Delanna. "The Exotic Other: Multiculturalism and Storytelling." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1285.
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Maydanskiy, Maksim (Maksim Igorevich). "Exotic symplectic manifolds from Lefschetz fibrations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50268.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mathematics, 2009.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-44).
In this thesis I construct, in all odd complex dimensions, pairs of Liouville domains W0 and W1 which are diffeomorphic to the cotangent bundle of the sphere with one extra subcritical handle, but are not symplectomorphic. While W0 is symplectically very similar to the cotangent bundle itself, W1 is more unusual. I use Seidel's exact triangles for Floer cohomology to show that the wrapped Fukaya category of W1 is trivial. As a corollary we obtain that W1 contains no compact exact Lagrangian submanifolds.
by Maksim Maydanskiy.
Ph.D.
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Enström, Daniel. "Aspects of quarks in exotic matter." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-16915.
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In this licentiate thesis, two different aspects of particle physics have been studied. The results are presented in four papers. In papers I and II, a model for a joint origin of gamma-ray bursts and dark matter is presented. The common denominator is the deconfined state of quarks, the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). We propose that such quark objects surviving the quark-hadron transition in the early universe, constitute the dark matter and that mergers of these objects are the inner engine of gamma-ray bursts. We have computed stability criteria for macroscopic quark objects, as well as the merger frequency assuming a lognormal distribution in size. In paper III, the helicity amplitudes for rare-meson production invirtual gamma-gamma collisions are computed. We show that it is possible to apply a generalised version of the Brodsky-Lepage scheme for exclusive processes in QCD, when computing these amplitudes. In paper IV, we analyse consequences of the new supernova data, suggesting a non-zero vacuum energy density in the universe. We calculate the intrinsic luminosity correction for high-redshift objects such as gamma-ray bursts and quasars. Two different extensions of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe are used; a non-zero cosmological constant and a time-dependent spatially inhomogeneous energy density component (so-called quintessence). The results show a correction of up to 30% for the conventionally computed luminosities.Godkänd; 1999; 20070321 (ysko)
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Ross, David. "Data mining for exotic pathogen spread." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2016. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27557.
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Major disease outbreaks command worldwide attention. Many recent outbreaks were caused by pathogens that were considered 'exotic' with severe implications from a health or economic standpoint. As such, there is need for an in depth examination of these threats and the means by which they might be introduced to effectively manage future risk. This thesis examines a means of identifying key emerging threats and, once identified, then modelling techniques are used to estimate the risk of introduction. To determine the relevant exotic pathogens, data from a survey of experts were examined. In 2010 the 4th Annual Meeting of the EPIZONE network was held at which work was carried out to elicit the opinions of delegates on current and future epidemic threats to the EU. Data from this study were examined using both univariate and multivariate analytical techniques to fully explore and understand what might become an emerging threat. This found that a particular group of zoonotic arboviruses are viewed as important potential emerging threats for Europe. Increasingly realistic and complex modelling approaches were utilised to give an increasingly accurate estimate of the risk of introduction of one of these viruses, Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV),by means of migratory birds - a potentially key means of introduction. Evaluating this risk must take into account not just disease related factors but also geographic factors especially the migration distance. To model this risk, spatially explicit models that correctly re ect bird migratory behaviour were used in contrast to models published previously. The approaches in this thesis show that for CCHFV there is a de nite risk of introduction but it is smaller than has been estimated previously. Results also show that the bird species that should be focused on are not those intuitively identi ed. The migratory speed of birds is a key factor in identifying the species that represent the greatest risk of introducing CCHFV positive ticks into Europe.
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Binon, Freddy. "In search of light "exotic" hadrons." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212729.
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Wills, Danielle Elizabeth Stanbr. "Traces of exotic physics in cosmology." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11121/.
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In recent years it has become increasingly clear that our universe is far more intricate than we might ever have imagined. While theoretical formulations of the fundamental aspects of Nature have, for many years, hinted at its vast and elusive complexity, suggesting that our known world is but a tiny facet of the greater reality in which it is embedded, it has only been within the last several decades that observations have really begun to confirm this. Indeed, while deep-field surveys of the universe have uncovered myriads of galaxies, constituting an untold number of gravitationally bound microcosms such as ours, precision cosmological measurements have revealed that all of this luminous baryonic matter is a near negligible fraction of the total energy and matter in the universe. The vast majority of our cosmos is a dark universe, comprised of some kind of invisible substances or dark fluids that only interact gravitationally with visible matter. Even among the objects that are visible to us, there are many mysterious entities which are predicted by theory and which may or may not as yet have been glimpsed in the cosmos. In the first part of this thesis we will study the interactions between two such entities, namely cosmic strings and rotating black holes. In the latter part, we will turn to the invisible sector and explore whether or not the dark phenomena in the universe could in fact be the shadows of fundamental objects moving in higher dimensions beyond our own.
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Plumb, Christopher Jonathan Stephen. "Exotic animals in eighteenth-century Britain." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/exotic-animals-in-eighteenthcentury-britain(efdb1f85-57db-4934-9930-08e7bc5a3e94).html.
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Exotic animals are conspicuously absent in economic histories and discussions of material culture in eighteenth-century Britain, even though they were highly sought-after luxury goods. As a response, this cultural history is a step towards a fuller understanding of the broad yet related meanings that a range of exotic animals held in Georgian Britain. A study is structured around four themes of meaning. The significance of exotic animals is explored, in turn, through their function as commodities, as objects of sensory encounter, as political symbols and charismatic material for anatomical investigation. The spaces through which animals moved, the contexts of their display and the meanings different audiences produced are considered throughout. Several species of animal were transfer points for cultural configurations, and a selection receives detailed cultural biographies here. Their histories are utilised to understand practices of collecting and spectatorship, national cultures and natural history. The work of naturalists and anatomists is intertwined with other ways of knowing exotic animals in Georgian Britain. Exhibition and the production of knowledge were interrelated, so ideas produced by some practitioners were absorbed, transmuted and modified into different cultural forms and contexts. The reality of exotic animals as commodities is established through a history of animal merchants in London and, from there, their wider place in eighteenth-century Britain is discerned. The development of animal trade from itinerant bird sellers to high-end menageries tell, once collated, a story revealing a usual but significant part of commercial and exhibitionary culture. By historicising the sensory encounters of spectators, readings of broader cultural anxieties about malodour and the bodily proximity of women and children to animals are possible. The senses were managed and ordered around exotic animals, and it is argued that experiencing them in this period was predicated on specific and fluctuating notions of risk and endangerment. Exotic animals acquired political symbolism, especially in matters of monarchy. Associations were generated and circulated by public representations that foregrounded humour, political satire, sexuality, luxury and fashion. Interwoven within these concerns were serious and not so serious discussion about Enlightenment attitudes and the “Improvement” of Nature. It is argued throughout that new spaces emerged for the spectatorship of exotic animals during the long eighteenth century, and, as such, that these animals should be historicised as eighteenth-century British phenomenon.
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Kasahara, Yuichi. "Thermal transport study of exotic superconductors." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136860.
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Mohammed, Samy. "Pricing exotic swing options on energy." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8544.
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Kazantzaki, Savina. "Aspects of exotic option pricing theory." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11787.
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Pinilla, Beltran Edna Carolina. "Breakup of three-body exotic nuclei." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209581.
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Le but principal de ma thèse de doctorat est d’étudier la dissociation de noyaux exotiques. Ces noyaux sont peu liés et présentent une structure en halo dominante. Ceci conduit à des propriétés très particulières, telles que des rayons beaucoup plus grands que ceux des noyaux voisins. Les noyaux 6He et 11Li sont des exemples typiques, et sont décrits par des structures alpha+n+n et 9Li+n+n, respectivement. La principale technique expérimentale pour étudier ces noyaux consiste à développer des faisceaux d’ions radioactifs, et à mesurer la section efficace de dissociation sur des cibles lourdes. Les données expérimentales nécessitent donc le développement de modèles théoriques précis pour leur interprétation.Mon travail a consisté en le développement de la méthode eikonale pour décrire les processus de diffusion élastique et de dissociation. Cette méthode nécessite les fonctions d’onde du projectile qui, dans le cas présent, est décrit par une structure à trois corps. Cette situation rend les calculs particulièrement difficiles, en particulier pour la réaction de dissociation où les fonctions d’onde du continu à trois corps sont nécessaires. Les fonctions d’onde à trois corps sont décrites dans le cadre des coordonnées hypersphériques, à la fois pour les états liés et pour les états de diffusion.
J'ai d'abord calculé les sections efficaces de dissociation de 6He en utilisant des fonctions d'onde &
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Enes, Diana Catarina Gonçalves. "Lévy processes in exotic options pricing." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4324.
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Mestrado em Matemática FinanceiraPrices fluctuations in markets, both liquid and illiquid, exhibit discontinuous behaviour. Levy processes are a natural generalization for stochastic processes with jumps, since they comprehend simultaneously a deterministic component as well as continuous and discontinuous stochastic com¬ponents. As it is possible to model asset prices as exponential of Levy processes, in this work we set the model using two pure jump processes: variance gamma and generalized hyperbolic. While using this class of processes, some important economic characteristics change in relation to the usual Black-Scholes model. The market is no longer complete for a more general Levy model, with several sources of randomness. We start by introducing some important results about Levy processes and follow with a brief exposition on possible equivalent martingale measures. After this introduction, we estimate the parameters of the distributions, by using market data and the Fourier transform to calculate vanilla option prices, and then minimizing the error be¬tween the market and the model prices. With the models calibrated to market data, we use Monte Carlo simulation to price an exotic option on the underlying, with double barriers. The results are compared with the Black-Scholes model and the market prices, requested over the counter to some of the main liquidity providers for that kind of structures.
A flutuação de preços nos mercados, tanto líquidos como ilíquidos, evidenciam um compor¬tamento descontínuo. Os processos de Levy sao uma generalizacao natural para os processos estocsticos com saltos, uma vez que consideram simultaneamente uma componente determinística, tal como uma componente estocastica contínua e descontínua. Como e possível modelizar os precos dos activos como exponenciais de processos de Levy, neste trabalho definimos um modelo usando dois processos de saltos puros: o processo variance gamma e o processo hiperbólico generalizado. Aquando do uso desta classe de processos, algumas características econíomicas importantes mudam, em relacao ao modelo usual, de Black-Scholes. O mercado deixa de ser completo com um processo de Levy mais geral, com varias fontes de incerteza. Começamos por introduzir alguns resultados importantes sobre processos de Levy e seguida¬mente apresentamos uma breve exposição sobre as possíveis medidas equivalentes de martingala. Após esta introduçao, e feita a estimação de parametros das distribuicães, usando dados de mer¬cado e a transformada de Fourier para calcular os preços das opcoes mais simples, minimizando no fim o erro entre os precos de mercado e os precos do modelo. Com os modelos calibrados com os dados de mercado, usamos simulaçao de Monte Carlo para fazer o aprecamento de uma opcão exítica sobre o activo subjacente, com barreiras duplas. Os resultados sao comparados com o modelo de Black-Scholes e precços de mercado, solicitados a alguns dos maiores provedores de liquidez a este tipo de estruturas, transaccionadas fora de bolsa.
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BURBAN, PIERRE ALEXANDRE CHARLES. "PRICING OF EXOTICS OPTIONS: USING MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11901@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORAs opções financeiras são instrumentos derivativos cada dia mais usados na gestão de risco de mercado das empresas e dos investidores. Dependendo do tipo e das características da opção escolhida, geralmente não existem soluções analíticas ao problema de apreçamento do instrumento. A simulação de Monte- Carlo é um método que, aplicado ao problema de apreçamento, possibilita uma grande flexibilidade na integração das variáveis de cálculo e uma precisão que depende do número de simulações efetuadas. As opções exóticas têm características especiais e seus valores podem ser estimados com precisão aplicando as técnicas de simulação. Esta dissertação propõe uma abordagem e aplica técnicas de cálculo no apreçamento das opções exóticas mais freqüentemente encontradas nos mercados de capitais. Os algoritmos desenvolvidos podem ser usados no estudo e valoração de casos reais.
Financial options are derivatives tools each day more and more used in market and enterprise risk control systems. Depending on the option type used, it doesn`t have an analytical solution for the pricing problem. A Monte-Carlo simulation is a very flexible method, which applied to the pricing problem, allows very-easy new variable implementation and accuracy increase with the number of simulation done. Exotics options have special features and pricing them by this method gives accurate results. Thus, this study explores a pricing solution and applied techniques of quite common exotics options traded on the market. The algorithms developed can be used for pricing real cases.
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Hessels, Jason William Thomas. "Discovery and study of exotic radio pulsars." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102986.
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We have conducted both targeted and wide-field surveys for exotic radio pulsars using the Arecibo, Green Bank, and Parkes telescopes. A survey of 22 globular clusters with Arecibo has discovered 11 millisecond pulsars, almost doubling the number known in these clusters. Ten of the new pulsars are in binaries, and 3 show eclipses. This survey has discovered significantly more very fast-spinning pulsars (Pspin ≲ 4 ms) and short orbital period systems (Porb ≲ 6 hr) than previous surveys of the same clusters. We discuss some characteristics of the globular cluster pulsar population in general, particularly the luminosity function.In observations of the rich, massive cluster Terzan 5 with the Green Bank Telescope we have discovered the 1.396-ms pulsar J1748--2446ad, which is now the fastest-spinning neutron star known. The difficulty in detecting this pulsar, due to its very low flux density and high eclipse fraction (~40% of the orbit), suggests that even faster-spinning neutron stars exist. If the pulsar has a mass less than 2 M⊙ , then its non-rotating radius is constrained by the spin period to be < 16 km. The short period of this pulsar also constrains models that suggest gravitational radiation, through an r-mode instability, limits the maximum spin frequency of neutron stars.
Arecibo and Parkes searches of 5 potential ASCA X-ray counterparts to unidentified EGRET gamma-ray sources have revealed the young, energetic pulsar J2021+3651. PSR J2021+3651 is associated with the X-ray source AX J2021.1+3651, which in turn is likely associated with the COS B gamma-ray source 2CG 075+00, also known as GeV J2020+3658 and 3EG J2021+3716. This solves the long-standing mystery of this source's nature. Subsequent X-ray imaging and timing of PSR J2021+3651 with the Chandra observatory revealed a pulsar wind nebula whose morphology is reminiscent of the equatorial tori seen around some young pulsars, along with thermal emission from an embedded point source ( kTinfinity = 0.15+/-0.02keV). An observation in continuousclocking mode reveals a possible pulse detection from the point source.
Finally, we discuss two on-going, untargeted surveys of the Galactic Plane. These surveys hope to find exotic pulsars whose properties will elucidate the physics of pulsars, or which can potentially be used to study ultra-dense matter and strong gravity. The PALFA survey at Arecibo is using a 7-beam receiver at 1.4 GHz to cover the Arecibo-visible Galactic Plane. 28 pulsars have been discovered so far, including a few young, energetic pulsars and the youngest pulsar binary system known, PSR J1906+0746. The GBT350 survey at Green Bank is covering the Galactic Plane north of delta = 40°. Despite the 350-MHz observing frequency, the high resolution of these data allows us to maintain sensitivity to fast pulsars. Thus far, 14 pulsars have been discovered, 3 of which were found in time-domain searches for bright, dispersed bursts.
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Sandin, Jan Fredrik. "Exotic phases of matter in compact stars /." Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2007. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1544/2007/05/.
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