Academic literature on the topic 'Expanded nurses stress scale'
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Journal articles on the topic "Expanded nurses stress scale":
1
French, Susan E., Rhonda Lenton, Vivienne Walters, and John Eyles. "An Empirical Evaluation of an Expanded Nursing Stress Scale." Journal of Nursing Measurement 8, no. 2 (June 2000): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.8.2.161.
Abstract:
In the study of work-related stress among nurses, the Nursing Stress Scale (NSS) is the best known and most widely used scale. This article presents an overview of the NSS and its use, and describes the development of an expanded instrument (ENSS) to measure sources and frequency of stress perceived by nurses. Findings are based on a random sample of 2,280 nurses in Ontario working in a wide range of work settings. Pretests for the study indicated that an expanded version of the NSS was necessary in order to adequately measure sources of stress among nurses. The sources of stress comprised nine subscales—death and dying, conflict with physicians, inadequate preparation, problems with peers, problems with supervisors, workload, uncertainty concerning treatment, patients and their families, and discrimination. Confirmatory factor analyses, run on two randomly selected halves of the sample, came close to meeting standard criteria levels. The alpha coefficients of eight of the subscales were .70 or higher, and concurrent and construct validity assessments provided strong support for the expanded NSS.
2
Cotrau, Petru, Viviana Hodosan, Adriana Vladu, Călin Timar, Lucia Daina, Carmen Pantis, Marcel Negrau, Cristian Daina, and Corina Vernic. "Occupational Stress and Burnout Syndrome among ICU Nurses. A Prospective Observational Study." Central European Annals of Clinical Research 1, no. 1 (December 3, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35995/ceacr1010003.
Abstract:
Nurses in Intensive Care Units (ICU) may be exposed to considerable stress of work. High levels of stress in ICU nurses affect the quality of nursing and the quality of life at work. Determination of occupational stress levels, burnout syndrome and overall job satisfaction among ICU nurses. The research was conducted in Intensive Care Unit of Emergency Clinical County Hospital of Oradea, Romania. Data were collected from the questionnaires, 29 nurses (of the 35) were selected for this study. Professional stress factors have been assessed through Expanded Nurses Stress Scale (ENSS), burnout syndrome through Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), while overall job satisfaction was measured by a 7-step Likert scale. The highest levels of stress were associated with workload and conflicts with other health professionals, professional relationship between nurses have been described as the least stressful. About burnout levels: a high score for emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and a low score for professional achievements. Professional satisfaction has reached an average level. The fidelity of the scales was verified by the Cronbach’s alfa coefficient: Expanded Nurses Stress Scale (ENSS) (0.98) and Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) (0.73).
3
Pai Vernekar, Shefalee, and Hemangini Shah. "A study of work-related stress among nurses in a tertiary care hospital in Goa." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 2 (January 24, 2018): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20180246.
Abstract:
Background: Nursing is, by its very nature, a stressful occupation. The role of nursing is associated with multiple and conflicting demands imposed by nurse supervisors and managers, and by medical and administrative staff. Such a situation appears to lead to work overload and possible to role conflict. This seriously impairs the provision of quality care and the efficacy of health services delivery. The objectives of the study were to determine the levels of work-related stress in nurses; to identify various sources of stress among nurses; to develop suitable recommendations based on the findings of the study.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among registered nurses working in wards of a tertiary care hospital, Goa wherein Expanded Nursing Stress Scale was used to assess level and sources of stress among them.Results: 59.3% of nurses experienced moderate. 36.8% severe, 2.4% experienced very severe stress. Highest mean score was in the area of death and dying subscale (2.35±0.61) and workload subscale (2.11±0.53). Nurses working in casualty and general wards were more stressed. Also, younger nurses were more stressed in dealing with death of a patient.Conclusions: Death of a patient and excessive workload were major contributors of stress. Stress reduction activities and measures to decrease workload will help in decreasing the stress at workplace.
4
Baker, Omar Ghazi, and Bandar Dhafer Alshehri. "The Relationship between Job Stress and Job Satisfaction among Saudi Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study." Nurse Media Journal of Nursing 10, no. 3 (December 19, 2020): 292–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v10i3.32767.
Abstract:
Background: The productivity of nurses and patient healthcare is highly influenced by nurses’ stress-related factors and job satisfaction. Nursing is the least preferred career opportunities for Saudi residents as compared to other options. Nurses’ perceptions of intention to quit contributes to their shortage in Saudi health care institutions.Purpose: The study aimed to examine the relationship between work-related stress and job satisfaction among Saudi nurses working at a public hospital.Methods: The research used a cross-sectional design that collected data from samples of 297 nurses working at a specified public hospital and aged over than 20 years old. Convenient sampling was employed to recruit the samples. Data were collected using the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) and Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS). The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was applied, and Pearson’s correlation test was to identify the relationship between variables.Results: The results indicated that the nurses at the hospital where the study took place experienced low levels of stress with a mean value of 2.1995. Besides, the nature of work indicated maximum job satisfaction with a mean value of 15.666, whereas minimum job satisfaction levels (11.569), were related to benefits provided to nurses. A positive correlation was found between the level of stress and satisfaction with a p-value of 0.041.Conclusion: The stress factors were highly correlated with job satisfaction. The identification of stress factors is important as it may create a negative impact on patients’ care and their well-being. It is suggested that changes in managerial affairs and policies are essential for implementing beneficial strategies that may assist in resolving the issue.
5
Rafi, Alireza, Azita Bandani, Sima Sadat Ghaemi Zade, Pouriya Darabiyan, Zeinab Jamshidi, Mina Hasanzadeh, and Nasrin Kheibar. "Evaluation of Nursing stress and its effective factors in nurses of Shahidzadeh Hospital in Behbahan in 2019: Challenges in Nursing." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 11, no. 3 (October 2, 2020): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v11i3.1620.
Abstract:
Background and Aim: Nursing is one of the occupations that face a lot of stress in medical settings, especially hospitals. Job stress can negatively affect a nurse's performance and how she cares for her patient. Therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate the level of job stress in nurses of Shahidzadeh Hospital in Behbahan. Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional analytical study. The instruments used in the study included demographic information and an expanded nursing stress scale questionnaire. The study was performed on 220 nurses of Shahidzadeh Hospital in Behbahan by census method. Statistical data were performed using SPSS software version 22 using descriptive and inferential statistics at a significant level of p <0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 31.02 ± 06.68. The mean scores of participants in occupational stress and its subscales showed that about half of the subjects (55.9%) in the study had poor job stress. There was no significant relationship between job stress and demographic variables of gender and marital status using independent t-test and there was no significant relationship between job stress and the above variables. Conclusion: Due to the existence of stress as a negative factor in patient care and the gap between discrimination between physicians and nurses as one of the factors aggravating stress, it is recommended that nursing managers take measures to prevent and support nurses.
6
Andal, Elizabeth M. "Pilot Study Quantifying Filipino Nurses’ Perception of Stress." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 4, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v4i4.1990.
Abstract:
To understand stress in the context of differences in cultural perception, this study begins to explore stress levels in Filipino registered nurses. Stressors, in this study, include factors such as: death and dying, conflict with physicians, inadequate preparations, problems with peers, problems with supervisors, workload, uncertainty concerning treatment, problems with patients and their families, and discrimination. Using the questions derived from the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) by Lenton et al. (2000), thirty Filipino registered nurses were requested to complete a questionnaire voluntarily without providing any identifying information. This study is a preliminary exploration of stress levels in Filipino nurses and no generalizations can be made from these results. Data analysis revealed interesting information as to variability in perception of stress levels regarding certain factors. Discussions elucidate on various stress factors in the context of the Filipino culture. Further study regarding stress levels is greatly needed particularly in the light of the nursing shortage especially during the evening and night shifts. Stress management programs can be enhanced through the use of the ENSS as a diagnostic tool to identify specific factors considered relevant by the nurses concerned.
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Gurung, Gaura, Kamala Gharti, and Sarita Karki. "Job-related Stress among Nurses in Selected Hospitals of Pokhara, Nepal." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 10, no. 1 (May 14, 2020): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.179.
Abstract:
Introduction: Nursing is considered as one of the most stressful and demanding profession. In the health care organizations, work stress may contribute to absenteeism and turnover, both of which detract from the quality of care. The aim of this study was to assess the job-related stress and to identify and compare the factors associated with job stress among nurses’ working in selected hospitals of Pokhara, Nepal.
Methods: The descriptive research design based on simple random sampling method was used. The sample size was 238. The data was collected using self-administered questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic information and Expanded Nursing Stress Scale. Both descriptive and inferential statistics was used for data analysis.
Results: The study findings showed that majority of nurses were in moderate level of stress and ‘patients and their families' were the most stressful factors perceived by both government and private hospital nurses. ‘Problems with peers’ was the least stressful factor perceived by both group of nurses and experiencing ‘discrimination’ was also the least stressful factors for private hospital nurses. Furthermore, a chi-square test revealed significant association between work setting and job stress in government hospital nurses.
Conclusions: Nurses working in the both government and private hospitals were working under stressful conditions.
8
Milutinović, Dragana, Boris Golubović, Nina Brkić, and Bela Prokeš. "Professional Stress and Health among Critical Care Nurses in Serbia." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 63, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-63-2012-2140.
Abstract:
Professional Stress and Health among Critical Care Nurses in SerbiaThe aim of this study was to identify and analyse professional stressors, evaluate the level of stress in nurses in Intensive Care Units (ICU), and assess the correlation between the perception of stress and psychological and somatic symptoms or diseases shown by nurses. The research, designed as a cross-sectional study, was carried out in the Intensive Care Units (ICU), in health centres in Serbia. The sample population encompassed 1000 nurses. Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) was used as the research instrument. ENSS revealed a valid metric characteristic within our sample population. Nurses from ICUs rated situations involving physical and psychological working environments as the most stressful ones, whereas situations related to social working environment were described as less stressful; however, the differences in the perception of stressfulness of these environments were minor. Socio-demographic determinants of the participants (age, marital status and education level) significantly affected the perception of stress at work. Significant differences in the perception of stressfulness of particular stress factors were observed among nurses with respect to psychological and somatic symptoms (such as headache, insomnia, fatigue, despair, lower back pain, mood swings etc.) and certain diseases (such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes mellitus etc). In view of permanent escalation of professional stressors, creating a supportive working environment is essential for positive health outcomes, prevention of job-related diseases and better protection of already ill nurses.
9
Milutinovic, Dragana, Nikola Grujic, and Neda Jocic. "Identification and analysis of stress factors at nursing workplace: A comparative study of four clinical departments." Medical review 62, no. 1-2 (2009): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0902068m.
Abstract:
Introduction. Several studies show that nursing is, by its very nature, an occupation exposed to a high degree of stress. The main aims of the present research were to analyze the presence and to identify occupational stress factors and assess stress levels among nurses in clinical/hospital settings. Material and Methods. The research was conducted as a cross-sectional study. The sample included nurses (n=205) employed in different settings, who were also control groups to each other. Expanded Nursing Stress Scale and an additional questionnaire created for the purpose of this investigation were used as research instruments. Results. The results show that stressful situations, in the psychological occupational environment are the greatest stress factors regardless of the workplace; in regard to sociodemographic determinants, married nurses have significantly higher average values as compared to unmarried ones (p<0.05), and the values statistically significantly lower in nurses under 30 years of age, with less than 10 years of work experience (p<0.01). Workload is a potential stress factor from the physical environment, whereas average values of this stress factor highly statistically differ in regard to the workplace (p<0.01). Nurses working in settings without support from their superiors and engaged in inter-professional conflicts, especially between nurses and physicians, face a great problem. Conclusion. It is important to promote conditions of work (work space, providing new equipment), organization of work, as well as social relationships, which is in accordance with the recommendations of ICN.
10
Jenaabadi, Hossein, and Somaie Nakhaeei. "Investigating the Relationship of Spiritual Experiences and Hardiness withOccupational Stressamong Nurses in Zabol." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 5, no. 1 (August 8, 2014): 625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v4i2.6640.
Abstract:
Thepresent study aimedto investigate the relationship of spiritual experiences and hardiness with occupational stress among nurses. This is a descriptive-survey study. The research population consisted of nurses working as formal, contractual, provisional, andprojectemployees at hospitals of Zabol. The sample consisted of 173 nurses. Research instruments includedthe Spiritual ExperienceScale for Studentsdeveloped byGhobari-Bonab,Kobasas Hardiness Questionnaire and the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS). The content validity was checked and the reliability of these three questionnaires was estimated using the Cronbach's alpha coefficients. This coefficient for these three questionnaires was 0.75, 0.76, and 0.85 respectively. The Pearson correlation, stepwise regression, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVAwere used to analyze the obtained data. Results revealed that there was a negative significant relationshipamong spiritual experiences, hardiness and occupational stress. Moreover,no significant relationship was found between organizational commitment and occupationalstress. However, it was revealed that there was a negative significant relationship between occupationalstress,control, and challenge. The findings alsoindicated thatamong the predictor variables of nurses stress, in the first step thetranscendent experiences,in the second step prosperity,in the third step belief in God, in the fourth step negative experiences,and in the fifth step finding meaning in lifeenteredthe predictionmodel.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Expanded nurses stress scale":
1
Harrington, Marisa. "Examination of healthcare workers’ response to rotating shift work during the COVID-19 pandemic in Greater Victoria care sites." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/13257.
Abstract:
Nurses are already exposed to plenty of stressors while at work, one of which
being the unavoidable nature of rotating shift work scheduling which can have profound
physiological effects carrying heightened long-term health risks. Working on the
frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic has introduced new stressors while further
exacerbating the effects of pre-existing ones in this already understudied group of
essential workers. The purpose of this research was to examine physiological markers of
stress and health in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nine subjects (mean age
32.11 ± 7.25 years) from two hospitals in the Greater Victoria region collected data over
an eight-day shift roster consisting of two 12-hour day shifts, two 12-hour night shifts,
and four days off in two separate collection periods; remote data collection was used to
adhere to COVID-19 safety guidelines. Salimetrics ELISA kits were used to conduct
analyses for salivary cortisol, melatonin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) content. Frequency
domain heart rate variability (HRV) was collected with a Polar H10 Chest Strap and
Polar Ignite Activity Tracker. A salivary sample and 5-minute HRV recording were
obtained upon waking or shortly thereafter on each day; a second saliva sample was
obtained after work for the four working days. The Expanded Nursing Stress Scale
(ENSS) was completed at the end of the last night shift in each period. There were no
significant differences between IL-6 concentrations across the eight days within each period; the same was observed for cortisol. Additionally, no difference was apparent
between the morning and evening salivary cortisol concentrations, thus demonstrating a
blunting of the diurnal release pattern. Evening salivary cortisol concentrations remained
elevated near the level of morning samples and were consistently above reference values
for the population age group. Morning salivary melatonin concentrations significantly
differed by day (F(5, 25) = 6.626, p < 0.001) but not period; melatonin concentrations
were lowest following night shifts, showing a suppression in release due to participants
being exposed to light at night with shift work. No statistically significant differences
were apparent between any frequency domain HRV parameters in either Period 1 or
Period 2. Perceived occupational stress was heightened in comparison to previously
published pre-pandemic research using the ENSS. The results of this research reveal
alterations to the circadian nature of cortisol and melatonin alongside elevated perceived
occupational stress; these physiological and psychological effects can compound the risk
for adverse health outcomes. While it is difficult to discern the root cause of these
responses, it nevertheless reveals insight into the effects of nurses working during the
COVID-19 pandemic and raises concern for potentially related disease risk.Graduate
2
Gau, Min-Fang, and 高敏芳. "The Psychometric Properties of Nursing Stress Scale (Chinese Version) and the Stress Condition of Taiwanese Nurses." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78163880750174799290.
Abstract:
碩士國立屏東大學
教育心理與輔導學系碩士班
104
Nursing Stress Scale (NSS) (Gray-Toft & Anderson, 1981) has been widely adapted and translated in different languages. Since the factor structure of the Chinese version of NSS (Lee, Holzmer, & Faucett, 2007) had been validated using exploratory factor analysis only, the present study intended to use both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis as well as structural equation modeling in validating the instrument. In addition, the current stress condition of Taiwanese nurses were also examined. Stratified random sampling procedure, with division as the stratified variable, was employed in selecting the nurses from a large medical center in southern Taiwan. Three hundred and sixty-five nurses participated in this study. All participants were administered the following instruments: NSS, Taiwanese Depression Scale, Overall Job Satisfaction, and Intention to Quit. NSS, adapted from the Chinese version of NSS (Lee et. al, 2007) was first reviewed for its usage and content coverage by both nurse and measurement professionals affluent in both Chinese and English, and then various reliability and validity evidence was established. A four-point Likert scale, measureing the frequencies of work-related stress encountered by nurses; higher score indicates higher level of stress. Overall Job Satisfaction, a nine-point one-item scale, and Intention to Quit, a four-point six-item scale (unidimensional test with α=.91), were developed by the researcher. The results indicate: (1) A six-factor structure model (i.e., work load, uncertainty concerning treatment, inadequate preparation regarding treatments and the emotional needs of patients and their families, interaction with coworkers, death and dying, and conflict with physicians and supervisors) (32 items) were extracted, rather than the seven-factor structure of the original NSS (34 items), using exploratory factor analysis; (2) Cronbach α for the six subscales ranges from .78～.89 and for the total scale is .95; (3) Fit indices (global fit and individual parameter fit) supported the hypothesized 6-factor model and a second-order model with a higher-order latent variable explaining the six first-order factors; (4) Stress were correlated positively with depression (.40 ~ .56) and intention to quit (.20 ~ .36), and negatively with job satisfaction (-.19 ~ -.39) (all correlations were statistically significant with p<.001)； (5) Although stress had no direct effects on intention to quit, it affected intention to quit indirectly through the increased depression and the decreased job satisfaction (58% of the total variance of intention to quit were explained by the three variables); (6) Results of MANOVA show that nurses of different age, seniority, and number of patients being taken care of were different on their stress levels; while nurses with different marital status, educational levels, divisions, and number of children were not statistically different regarding their stress levels. (7) Stress condition, ordered from high to low were: work load, death and dying, inadequate preparation regarding treatments and the emotional needs of patients and their families, uncertainty concerning treatment, conflict with physicians and supervisors, and interaction with coworkers。 The results of this study show that the revised NSS has satisfactory reliability and validity, and is appropriate to be used in explaining and predicting nurses’ stress-related factors (such as, job satisfaction, depression and intention to quit). Moreover, suggestions for scale development and further research were provided.
3
Chan, Wen-Ting, and 詹雯婷. "A Study on the Relationship Among Job Characteristics, Occupational Stress and Health-Related Quality of Life (SF-36 scale) of Psychiatric Nurses—The Influence on Hospital Moderating Effects." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72085583210681326364.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
醫療機構管理研究所
97
Background：Job stress is an important issue in the field of healthcare. Psychiatric nurses work in long-term high-danger and highly competitive work environment. This might cause direct or indirect working pressure for the nurses, resulting in adverse health effects or higher-risk disease. However, earlier research often focused on the relationship of individual level variables, but paid less attention to the relationship of group level variables. Objective: To investigate the relationship among job characteristic, job stress and self-assessment of health status in psychiatric nurses. Furthermore, it also verifies the influence of group-level (hospital) on individual level (psychiatric nurses). Methods: A secondary data consists of the Council of Labor Affairs, Executive Yuan “Health hazard surveillance of female worker focusing on medical professionals" plan, as well as the Bureau of Health Promotion, Department of Health” Health hazard surveillance of medical Professionals" program. The questionnaires completed by psychiatric nurses from 39 regional hospitals or medical centers and psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan, a total of 852 samples were valid. Research tool for measuring the stress of job “Effort and reward imbalance scale (ERI scale)” and health survey of "Taiwan version IQOLA short scale 36".The data collected from the questionnaire is analyzed by methods of descriptive statistics, independent-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM). Results: 1.In the individual level variables, subjects’ efforts and reward imbalance (ERI) in work is significant negative correlation on body pain(BP) ,vitality(VT) and mental health(MH) three scales, and subjects’ over-commitment (OVC) in work showed significant negative correlation on general health (GH),body pain(BP) ,vitality(VT), mental health(MH) and social functioning(SF) five scales. Furthermore, in the interaction of ERI and OVC only showed significant negative correlation on mental health (MH) scale. 2.In the group-level variables, subjects’ general health (GH) scale in psychiatric hospital was significantly superior to subjects’ GH scale in the department of psychiatric in general hospital. And subjects’ mental health (MH) scale in public hospital who also significantly superior to ubjects’ MH scale in non-public hospitals. 3.In the interaction of HLM slope-as-outcome model, only hospital categories have moderating effects. That is, psychiatric nurses in the work pressure would cause their physical and mental health status of poor circumstances, if they employed in psychiatric hospitals, psychiatric nurses’ working pressure of the negative impact on health is lower than they worked in general hospital psychiatric department. Discussion: In this study, through cross-level analysis of the variables can learn more about the influence of group level variables on individual level variables. Not only can help researchers have further understanding of the relationship between job stress and self-rated health status variables, but also can provide researchers and hospital managers a different point of view to explore the social phenomenon and internal management of organization.
Book chapters on the topic "Expanded nurses stress scale":
1
"Psychological reactions to cancer." In Oxford Handbook of Cancer Nursing, edited by Mike Tadman, Dave Roberts, Mark Foulkes, Mike Tadman, Dave Roberts, and Mark Foulkes, 575–92. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701101.003.0048.
Abstract:
Reactions to cancer and how people cope with it are individual and will depend on both personal and social and cultural factors. In most cases, people diagnosed with cancer will make positive adjustments with the support of their family, friends, and routine professional care. However, up to 30% will experience some form of brief disruptive emotional crisis, and as many as 20% of people with cancer will experience a mental disorder, requiring professional intervention. More severe reactions include post-traumatic stress disorder, which can be long-lasting and disabling. However, some people experience post-traumatic growth, finding positive change in their lives. Nurses can support patients and families through difficult periods of adjustment. Psychological support can be offered at different levels, depending on the nurse’s training and qualifications. Depression is persistent and unvarying low mood, which is different from sadness in both quality and degree. It affects about 20% of people with cancer. It can be detected through nursing assessment and screening tools like the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Depression can be effectively treated with antidepressants and psychological therapies, including cognitive behavioural therapy and mindfulness. Anxiety is a common experience but can become a problem if it becomes severe or long-lasting, or interferes with everyday life. Anxiety management includes exercise and rest, time management, goal planning, and relaxation. Medication should only be used for short-term anxiety management. Nurses can help patients manage their anxiety by helping them to feel in control, involving them in decision-making, and providing information.
Conference papers on the topic "Expanded nurses stress scale":
1
Gao, Xiaosheng, Jason P. Petti, and Robert H. Dodds. "The Weibull Stress Model for Predicting Cleavage Fracture in the Ductile-to-Brittle Transition Region." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61080.
Abstract:
Transgranular cleavage fracture in the ductile-to-brittle transition region of ferritic steels often leads to spectacular and catastrophic failures of engineering structures. Due to the strongly stochastic effects of metallurgical scale inhomogenieties together with the nonlinear mechanical response from plastic deformation, the measured fracture toughness data exhibit a large degree of scatter and a strong dependence on constraint. This has stimulated an increasing amount of research over the past two decades, among which the Weibull stress model originally proposed by the Beremin group has gained much popularity. This model is based on weakest link statistics and provides a framework to quantify the relationship between macro and microscale driving forces for cleavage fracture. It has been successfully applied to predict constraint effects on cleavage fracture and on the scatter of macroscopic fracture toughness values. This paper provides a brief review of the research conducted by the authors in recent years to extend the engineering applicability of the Weibull stress model to predict cleavage fracture in ferritic steels. These recent efforts have introduced a threshold value in the Weibull stress model, introduced more robust calibration methods for determination of model parameters, predicted experimentally observed constraint effects, demonstrated temperature and loading rate effects on the model parameters, and expanded the original Beremin model to include the effects of microcrack nucleation.
2
Yasuda, Kyono, Junji Shimamura, Satoshi Igi, and Ryuji Muraoka. "Material Design of Offshore Linepipe Steels for Ultra Deep Water Application." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95863.
Abstract:
Abstract Offshore pipeline projects have been expanded to deeper water region and the linepipes are required to have higher resistance against collapse by external pressure. The collapse resistance is mainly dominated by pipe geometry and compressive yield strength. For deep water application, diameter to thickness ratio (D/t) and pipe roundness are key factors. On the other hand, the mechanical properties in each circumferential position is dramatically changed by cyclic deformation through a pipe forming process. Therefore, in order to improve compressive yield strength of pipes, it is important to consider the Bauschinger effect caused by pipe expansion. The mechanism of this effect is understood that internal stress is generated by accumulation of dislocation and it reduces reverse flow stress. In this study, the microscopic deformation behavior was analyzed from FEM calculation, it was found that multi-phases microstructure enhanced the microscopic heterogeneous deformation adjacent to the boundary between soft and hard phases. Therefore, homogenized microstructure inhibits the Bauschinger effect. In addition, the materials of offshore pipeline should have other properties such as low temperature toughness and sour resistance. It is well known that fine grained microstructure improves the lower temperature toughness. For achieving high compressive yield strength and good lower temperature toughness, the effect of chemistry and rolling condition were investigated to obtain fine and homogeneous microstructure. Based on laboratory results, mill trial tests were carried out for Grade X65 linepipes with heavy gauge by TMCP. Full scale collapse test was also conducted after pipe coating heating. In this paper, material design concept and its mechanical properties of developed pipes were introduced.
3
Fairchild, Doug P., Sandeep A. Kibey, Huang Tang, Venkat R. Krishnan, Xiangyu Wang, Mario L. Macia, and Wentao Cheng. "Continued Advancements Regarding Capacity Prediction of Strain-Based Pipelines." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90471.
Abstract:
In areas of large ground movements, pipelines may be subjected to large longitudinal strains. It is imperative that strain-based design methods are developed for such pipelines. As reported previously, a comprehensive experimental and numerical program to characterize the tensile strain capacity of welded pipelines was undertaken. Models were developed that are capable of predicting strain capacity based on input parameters such as pipe geometry and properties, internal pressure, weld flaw geometry, weld properties, and high-low misalignment. These models (equations) have been validated against a data base of about 50 full-scale pipe strain tests that included a broad range of geometries and pipe grades (8–42″, 13–25mm, X60–X80). In the current paper, further developments are described. A pressure factor has been incorporated into the models. Whereas the previous models assumed that the circumferential stress from internal pressure was 80% of the specified minimum yield strength (SMYS) of the pipe, the pressure factor allows the calculation of strain capacity as a function of pressure that results in hoop stresses from zero to 80% of SMYS. Additionally, ranges for pipe yield-to-tensile ratio and weld tearing resistance curves (R-curves) have been expanded. New equations and associated flaw assessment diagrams for example cases are provided.
4
Sakimoto, Takahiro, Hisakazu Tajika, Tsunehisa Handa, Yoshiaki Murakami, Satoshi Igi, and Joe Kondo. "Collapse Resistance Under Combined External Pressure and Bending Deformation of Coated Linepipe." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18250.
Abstract:
Abstract As offshore pipeline projects have expanded to deeper water regions with depths of more than 2 000 m, higher resistance against collapse by external pressure is now required in linepipe. Collapse resistance is mainly controlled by the pipe geometry and compressive yield strength. In UOE pipe, the compressive yield strength along the circumferential direction changes dramatically due to tensile pre-strain that occurs in pipe forming processes such as the expansion process. In order to improve the compressive yield strength of pipes, it is important to consider the Bauschinger effect caused by pipe expansion. As the mechanism of this effect, it is understood that internal stress is generated by the accumulation of dislocations, and this reduces reverse flow stress. Compressive yield strength is also changed by the thermal cycle associated with application of fusion-bond epoxy in pipe anti-corrosion coating by induction heating. In the typical thermal heat cycle of this coating process, the maximum heating temperature is from 200 °C to 250 °C. In this case, compressive yield strength increases as an effect of the thermal cycle, resulting in increased collapse resistance. Thus, for deep water application of UEO linepipe, it is important to clarify the conflicting effects of the Bauschinger effect and the thermal heat cycle on compressive yield strength. During installation of deep water pipelines by a method such as J-lay, curvature is imposed on the pipe axis, but the circumferential bending that leads to ovalization is determined by the interaction of the curvature of bending deformation. This bending deformation decreases collapse resistance. The interaction of external pressure and bending is also important when evaluating collapse. Against this background, this study discusses the collapse criteria for coated linepipe and their bending interaction against collapse based on a full-scale collapse test under external pressure with and without bending loading. The effect of the thermal heat cycle on linepipe collapse criteria is also discussed based on the results of tensile pre-strain tests with simulation of the thermal cycle and a collapse calculation by FEA.
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Hanjalic´, K., and S. Kenjeresˇ. "RANS-Based VLES of Thermal and Magnetic Convection at Extreme Conditions." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45344.
Abstract:
For thermal and magnetic convection at very high Rayleigh and Hartman numbers, which are inaccessible to the conventional large eddy simulation (LES), we propose a time-dependent Reynolds-average-Navier-Stokes (T-RANS) approach in which the large-scale deterministic motion is fully resolved by time and space solution, whereas the unresolved stochastic motion is modelled by a “subscale” model for which an one-point RANS closure is used. The resolved and modelled contribution to the turbulence moments are of the same order of magnitude and in near-wall regions the modelled heat transport becomes dominant, emphasizing the role of the subscale model. This VLES approach, with an algebraic stress/flux subscale model, verified earlier in comparison with direct numerical simulation (DNS) and experiments in classic Rayleigh-Be´nrad convection, is now expanded to simulate Rayleigh-Be´nard (R-B) convection at very high Ra numbers — at present up to O(1016) — and to magnetic convection in strong uniform magnetic fields. The simulations reproduce the convective cell structure and its reorganization caused by an increase in Ra number and effects of the magnetic field. The T-RANS simulations of classic R-B indicate expected thinning of both the thermal and hydraulic wall boundary layer with an increase in the Ra number and an increase in the exponent of the Nu ∝ Ran correlation in accord with recent experimental findings and Kraichnan asymptotic theory.
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Nabuco, Bruna, Marius Tarpø, Amina Aïssani, and Rune Brincker. "Reliability Analysis of Offshore Structures Using OMA Based Fatigue Stresses." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61730.
Abstract:
Today, many offshore structures in the North Sea already reached their predicted lifetime. Since it is still required a huge demand of oil, it results in an important need to keep those structures in operation. The great attention concerning the lifetime of offshore platforms has trigged a need for monitoring these structures in order to gain information about their actual state and hence reduce the uncertainty and allow for more optimal decision planning regarding maintenance, repair and future inspection actions. Throughout the lifetime, the performance of the structure can be evaluated by analyzing the deterioration process of the structure. In the offshore environment, one of the most common deterioration mechanisms is the fatigue of structural steel induced by wave loading. The deterioration formulation of a structural system subjected to fatigue is nowadays well known. However, many uncertainties may affect the accuracy of the performance evaluation. It can be mentioned mainly the uncertainties related to the materials, the uncertainty on Miner’s rule and the uncertainty on the SN curve but most importantly is the uncertainty on the stress ranges induced by the wave loading. In this paper, the mainly focus is on the uncertainty observed on the different stresses used to predict the damage. This uncertainty can be reduced by Modal Based Fatigue Monitoring which is a technique based on continuously measuring of the accelerations in few points of the structure with the use of accelerometers known as reliable for long time measurements. An Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) is performed and then a modal filtering of the operating response is considered, so that the modal coordinates of all significant modes are known. Next, the experimental mode shapes are expanded using a Finite Element (FE) model together with the Local Correspondence (LC) principle and the displacements can be estimated in all degrees of freedom of the FE model, allowing the stresses and strains to be obtained from the element equations. It is important to emphasize that even though the accelerations are measured in only a few points of the structure, the stress history can be calculated in any arbitrary point of the structure. The accuracy of the estimated actual stress is analyzed by experimental tests on a scale model where the obtained stresses are compared to strain gauges measurements. After evaluating the fatigue stresses directly from the operational response of the structure, a reliability analysis is performed in order to estimate the reliability of using Modal Based Fatigue Monitoring for long term fatigue studies.