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1
Завальнюк, Інна. "Syntactic means of colloquial stylization in the works of Mykhailo Stelmakh." Scientific Notes of Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsiubynskyi State Pedagogical University Series Philology (Linguistics), no. 24 (June 9, 2017): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31652/2521-1307-2017-24-146-154.
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In the modern Ukrainian language the transition of relative adjectives to qualitative ones is one of productive ways of semantic enrichment and expansion of adjective’s functional capabilities. In a fiction text relatively qualitative adjectives are used as metaphorical epithets. So the aim of the research is to review how relatively qualitative adjectives participate in creating epithets in the Ukrainian classical literature, find out the peculiarities of their functioning in Mykhailo Stelmakh’s prose texts.The source base of the research is formed with 5 Mykhailo Stelmakh’s prose texts: "Four Ways", "Thought of You", "Blood is Thicker than Water," "Geese-Swans Flying ...", "Christmas Eve" from which 217 syntactic constructions with relatively qualitative adjectives have been chosen by sampling method. The transition of relative adjectives in the category of qualitative takes place on the grounds of their figurative use, the relative adjective metaphor, which has the potential expression of some assessment in developing quality value when combined with another noun lexical series. A relative adjective has the ability to enter into new lexical relations, but transformation of relative adjectives into qualitative ones also depends on the capacity of a word-building noun. The more qualitative semems form lexical meaning of a word-building noun, the more qualitative lexical meanings can be developed by derivative relative adjective. 8 models creation of relatively-qualitative adjectives according to their acquiredmetaphorical lexical meanings have been defined: relatively qualitative adjectives with the meaning of color, brightness, sound, smell, soft, static, weight and evaluative characteristic. The most frequent lexical model from this range is the color characteristic. This qualitative features is observed in relative adjectives, derived from names of metals, stones, plants, substances, materialsand physical phenomena. According to the degree of transition in the system of semantic adjectives groups, allrelatively qualitative adjectives have been classified into 2 categories: self relatively qualitative adjectives and contextual relatively qualitative adjectives, which differ in semantic and grammatical features. A peculiar way of expressing M. Stelmakh’s individual style is using relatively qualitative adjectives with occasional connotative lexical meaning such as metaphorical epithet.
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Azizah, Yulfiha Nur, and Haryadi Haryadi. "KONSTRUKSI FRASA ADJEKTIVAL DALAM MAJALAH TEMPO 2022: “DARI UTARA MEMBELA KAUM HAWA”." SEMIOTIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Sastra dan Linguistik 24, no. 2 (2023): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/semiotika.v24i2.39595.
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The purpose of this research is to (1) describe the types of adjective phrases, (2) describe the categories of attribute filling words in adjectival phrases, and (3) describe the syntactic function of adjektival phrases in the Special Report of Tempo Magazine, Sunday, December 25, 2022, entitled “Dari Utara Membela Kaum Hawa”. The research approach used is a qualitative descriptive and syntactic approach. The method of collecting data is through the listening method with advanced techniques, free engagement-free viewing, and note-taking techniques. Meanwhile, the data analysis method used is the Direct Element Division method with advanced techniques in the form of dissipation techniques, expansion techniques, and reverse techniques. The results of data analysis are presented through an informal presentation method. The results showed that 35 data of adjective phrases were divided into 17 endocentric adjective phrases and 18 exocentric adjective phrases. The types of adjective phrases found based on the number of cores consist of (1) attributive endocentric adjective phrases and (2) coordinative endocentric adjective phrases. The categories of filler words in adjective phrases are divided into (1) verbs, (2) adverbs, (3) nouns, and (4) pronouns. The adjective phrases found occupy several syntactic functions, namely (1) subject, (2) predicate, (3) object, (4) complement, and (5) adverb.
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Shamieva, Nargiza Abdusattarovna, Jazira Tulegenova, and Nargiza Xolboboyeva. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MEANING EXPANSION AND NARROWING OF QUALITATIVE ADJECTIVES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK." Journal of Universal Science Research "ZAMONAVIY TILSHUNOSLIK VA TARJIMASHUNOSLIKNING DOLZARB MUAMMOLARI" mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman 3, no. 4 (2025): 310–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15293872.
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This article discusses the semantic changes of the meaning adjective which includes narrowing and expansion in English and Uzbek languages. Language is the means of forming thoughts and transmitting information to other people. The adjective plays a crucial role in language aspects, which describes a noun. It is natural factor that language changes in over time, so this article studies a comparative analysis of the factor influencing these changes.
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Chilova, Tamara Aleksandrovna. "Semantic variation of the gustatory attribute ‘гуащIэ’ (sour) in the Kabardian language". Philology. Issues of Theory and Practice 17, № 2 (2024): 363–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil20240050.
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The study aims to reconstruct a fragment of the linguistic worldview of the Kabardian language embodied in the gustatory attribute ‘гуащIэ’ (sour). The paper examines the features of metaphorical and metonymic transfers of meaning, which are the main mechanisms of conceptualization and categorization of new knowledge. The complexity of studying the semantics of adjectives the denotative content of which is formed by a range of nominal lexemes combined with them is emphasized. The scientific novelty of the paper is determined by the fact that it represents the first attempt to construct the meanings of the gustatory adjective ‘гуащIэ’ (sour) involving the material of the Kabardian language. Based on the analysis of interpretations of the meanings containing prototypical denotation, a standard, and the interpretation of non-linguistic information known about it, criteria for metaphorical and metonymic shifts in the conceptual expansion of this adjective are established. As a result of the study, it was found that the attribute ‘гуащIэ’ (sour) develops metaphorical and metonymic vectors of meaning reinterpretation in equal measure. The study of text fragments reveals new types of denotations defined by the attribute ‘гуащIэ’ (sour), which suggests the development of new regular meanings of the adjective under consideration.
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Laguzova, Evgeniya N., and Elena N. Martynova. "Stable expressions with the color adjective orange in the Russian language of the 20th century." Socialʹnye i gumanitarnye znania 7, no. 4 (2021): 440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18255/2412-6519-2021-4-440-447.
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The article presents a structural and semantic analysis of stable expressions of the 20th century with the adjective orange, many of which are based on metaphorical and associative-symbolic use of their constituent components. Among the ways of the author's transformation of such lexical units, the authors note the addition and replacement of significant parts of speech with other forms of the same word or synonyms, as well as a change in the location of the components of the expression in relation to each other, which not only does not destroy the idiom, but, on the contrary, intensifies its meaning. The evolution of the original meaning of expressions with the color adjective orange is shown, which is due to the change (expansion) of the circle of nouns combined with the adjective, the implication of evaluation, the formation of new synonymous links with metaphor. Particular attention is paid to stable expressions with political significance, the largest number of which began to appear since 2013 in connection with political events taking place in Ukraine, where orange was chosen for the symbols of the Ukrainian opposition. The development of negative connotations in the expression orange revolution is explained by the corresponding semantic potential of the adjective orange itself, for which semes with negative connotations are productive in speech. The expansion of the compatibility of the adjective orange in modern Russian has led to the emergence of new meanings for the adjectival. Using examples extracted from the newspaper subcorpus of the National Corpus of the Russian Language, representing a collection of texts of printed newspapers and electronic agencies of the 2000s, it is shown that the use of stable expressions with the color adjective orange reflects the tendency characteristic of the development of the modern Russian language to expressivize the written text in connection with the formation of an evaluative statement capable of conveying the attitude of a journalist to social, cultural, political events. At the same time, the expressed social axiological assessment performs various functions in the text: from attracting attention and overcoming the standard to manipulating the consciousness of the mass reader.
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Ni, Luh Ketut Mas Indrawati, and Ayu Made Puspani Ida. "The Translation of the Indonesian Noun Phrases into English." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 05, no. 09 (2022): 3692–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7102702.
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Abstract : The title of this research is the translation of the Indonesian noun phrases (NPs) into English. NPs are groups of words of which heads are nouns. Head nouns can be expanded to the right or to the left in a phrase. The discussion in this research was limited to the NPs with expansion to the right. Extending a head noun to the right in Indonesian can be done by adding modifiers with or without a determiner. The purpose of this study is to describe the types of modifiers of the Indonesian NPs with expansion to the right and their translation into English. This research is categorized as a descriptive qualitative study, the data were taken from the translations of the folk tales by the fourth-semester students of The English Department Faculty of Humanities, Udayana University, with the application of observation methods and documentation techniques. The data were then analyzed by applying the theory of translation proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet. The results showed that the types of Indonesian NPs have modifier elements in the form of nouns or noun phrases, adjectives or adjective phrases, verbs or verb phrases, prepositional phrases, clauses, and appositives. The Indonesian NPs with right expansion were translated into the English NPs with the right and left expansions.
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DELIN, J., S. SHAROFF, S. LILLFORD, and C. BARNES. "Linguistic support for concept selection decisions." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 21, no. 2 (2007): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060407070187.
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Affective engineering is being increasingly used to describe a systematic approach to the analysis of consumer reactions to candidate designs. It has evolved from Kansei engineering, which has reported improvements in products such as cars, electronics, and food. The method includes a semantic differential experiment rating candidate designs against bipolar adjectives (e.g., attractive–not attractive, traditional–not traditional). The results are statistically analyzed to identify correlations between design features and consumer reactions to inform future product developments. A number of key challenges emerge from this process. Clearly, suitable designs must be available to cover all design possibilities. However, it is also paramount that the best adjectives are used to reflect the judgments that participants might want to make. The current adjective selection process is unsystematic, and could potentially miss key concepts. Poor adjective choices can result in problems such as misinterpretation of an experimental question, clustering of results around a particular response, and participants' confusion from unfamiliar adjectives that can be difficult to consider in the required context (e.g., is this wristwatch “oppressive”?). This paper describes an artificial intelligence supported process that ensures adjectives with appropriate levels of precision and recall are developed and presented to participants (and thus addressing problems above) in an affective engineering study in the context of branded consumer goods. We illustrate our description of the entire concept expansion and reduction process by means of an industrial case study in which participants were asked to evaluate different designs of packaging for a laundry product. The paper concludes by describing the important advantages that can be gained by the new approach in comparison with previous approaches to the selection of consumer focused adjectives.
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Sandakova, Marina. "The Class of Adjective and Adverbial Intensifiers in the Russian Language and Mechanisms of its Expansion." Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin, no. 51 (September 30, 2020): 90–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2020-51-3-90-106.
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The purpose of the article is to study the development of lexical intensifiers in modern Rus-sian. Using the methods of semantic analysis, the author examines lexicographical data and materials from the Russian National Corpus. Lexical intensifiers continue to inspire scholars’ interest in lexicological, lexicographic, and normative aspects, and this study makes a new theoretical contribution to the study of the functional and semantic category of intensity as well as to the conceptualization of active processes in the vocabulary and lexical collocations of modern Russian. The results of the study can be used in the work of compiling definition dictionaries of the Russian language, namely coinage dictionaries. The class of lexical intensifiers includes primarily adjectives and adverbs. The most well-developed part of the intensifying scale is its right extreme: there are more units that express meaning of the high and absolute degree than those that express the middle and low degree of intensity. New intensifiers that appear in the language are also concentrated in this area of the scale. Intensifiers present an open and constantly widening class of words, new additions typically being semantic derivations of adjectives and adverbs. In the late 20th and early 21st century, the Russian language acquired new intensifiers that can be categorized as semantic neologisms (исполнение распоряжения нереально — нереально вкусное мороженое). The authors singles out the following mechanisms of expanding the class of intensifiers: 1. Syntagmatic widening: going beyond the typical collocation circle, determined by the rules of lexical collocations and fixed in the dictionaries. Here syntagmatic changes involve not only units with the semantically motivated collocation (запредельный, космический), but also those phraseologically connected (кромешный, закадычный); 2. Stylistic changes, manifested in determinologization of words and their “escape” from the bookish style, which widens the possibilities of using them in new and non-typical contexts (астрономические цены, клиническая дура); 3. Grammatical widening, when an adjective intensifier acquires its adverb “pair,” i. e., its syntactic derivative (космический — космически, закадычный — закадычно).
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Song, Hyunju, and Yeni Kim. "Aspects of Semantic Extension of ‘kwiyepta’." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 44, no. 8 (2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2022.8.44.8.1.
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The purpose of this study is to examine pattern of changes in the meaning of the adjective ‘kwiyepta’ as short diachrony. First, the characteristics of meaning extension were examined through analysis of the target nouns and combination verbs/adjectives of ‘kwiyepta’ for the newspaper corpus. Second, the noun categories as followed, ‘kwiyepta’ were [people](57.52%) > [abstract](18.76%) > [inanimate object](12.33%) > [animal](10.25%) > [plant](1.14%). The target noun used with ‘kwiyepta’ was extended to ‘child’s appearance/behavior > adult’s behavior > old man’s behavior’ and it was the same as the direction of expansion of the meaning of general words as ‘human appearance/behavior > animal’s figure/behavior > plant’s appearance > living creature > nature of an abstract object’. Finally, as a result of examining the combination verbs/adjectives, ‘kwiyepta’ was evenly combined with ‘patta, hata, tokchacihata, poita, sayngkita’ throughout the period. And it was used as a pattern such as ‘kwiyewumul patta, kwiyewumul tokchacihata, kwiyepkey poita, kwiyewe poita’ etc. ‘seyksihata’ has been used since the 2000s, because ‘kwiyepta’ has been extended to mean behavioral characteristics of adults.
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Sudipa, Made Henra Dwikarmawan, Ni Luh Gede Meilantari, and I. Wayan Wahyu Cipta Widiastika. "Japanese Compounds with the Lexeme 'Mouth': Word Formation and Meanings." Lingua Cultura 18, no. 2 (2024): 177–84. https://doi.org/10.21512/lc.v18i2.12227.
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In Japanese, the lexeme ‘mouth’ can be written using kanji 口 read as ‘kuchi’. It is a commonly used character that includes idiomatic expressions and compound words. Although ‘kuchi’ means ‘mouth’ and functions as a noun, it can change into different forms and meanings. Therefore, this research analyzed the forms and meanings of Japanese compound words formed by the lexeme ‘mouth’. The data was collected from Japanese newspaper articles from Asahi Shinbun in sentences using various compounds with the lexeme ‘mouth’ through observation and note-taking techniques. Then, the data was analyzed using the distribution method with the expansion technique. The morphology theory by Kageyama (2016) and Katamba (2018) is used to analyze Japanese compounds' construction and meaning. The results show that 120 Japanese compound words are formed by the lexeme ‘mouth’. There are three forms of compounds based on various word classes including compound nouns (consisting of noun + noun, adjective + noun, and verb + noun), compound adjectives (noun + adjective), and compound verbs (noun + verb). Based on its meaning, it can be classified into two categories, endocentric and exocentric meaning. By offering a thorough analysis of Japanese compound words containing the lexeme kuchi ‘mouth’, this research provides insights into Japanese morphosemantics by highlighting a single lexeme adopted within the compound, especially regarding forms and meanings of compound words. This research contributes to morphological theory application within Japanese studies and can be used for similar research in the future.
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Setyadi, Ary. "Unsur Tambahan dalam Frase Adjektiva." Nusa: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 12, no. 4 (2017): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nusa.12.4.186-195.
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The adjective phrase consists of two functional elements, namely the core function which is filled by the adjective word (nature / state); and elements of function attributes, which are filled by additional elements (words added / adverbs); so understanding the adjective phrases can be explained: a combination of two or more words that made up the word adjective as the core element / center, and word / additional elements (words added / adverb) as attributes. Based on the data, it turns out the presence of additional elements in the adjective phrase has not received special attention by some Indonesian experts; so interestingly researched. Implementation of the strategic research base three stages, namely: I. provision / collection of data, II. Classification and data analysis, and III. Preparation / report writing. Phase I, the data obtained at the data source, both oral and written sources by referring method and recording technique. Phase II based on the behavior of additional elements on its ability to join the word adjective (nature / circumstances) as attributes and are optional. The data analysis is based on the application of linguistic theory in the field of syntax with the application of the `direct elements' method with techniques: substitution, deletion, expansion, permutation, and phrases. In accordance with the objectives to be achieved, which includes: 1. kinds of additional elements, which finally can be found many additional elements. 2. distribution / provision of an additional element layout, which ultimately has three distribution: a. located in front, b. located at the back; and c. can be located in front or behind. 3. The power capability of additional elements, which can eventually be found in combination of two or more additional elements. Phase III is ended by being able to present a research / study report as the objective to be achieved.
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Ryzhkova, Tatyana S., and Irina V. Zaykova. "Expanding the semantic scope of a word on the example of the adjective loyal." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filologiya, no. 87 (2024): 110–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19986645/87/6.
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The article aims to study the semantic scope of the adjective loyal and define the vectors of its expansion in modern English. The research is based on etymological and explanatory dictionaries of the English language, contexts presented in the British National Corpus (BNC), Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), Corpus of US Supreme Court Opinions, NOW Corpus (News on the Web), Corpus iWeb (The 14 Billion Word Web Corpus), and authentic texts of mass media. The study of dictionary definitions at the present stage of the language development allows to identify the current meanings of the adjective loyal: ‘faithful’, ‘loyalist’, ‘devoted’, ‘trustworthy’, ‘permanent’, and ‘legal’. These meanings were verified by examples and contexts presented in English linguistic corpora, as well as in the mass media. The analysis of dictionary definitions, component analysis, etymological and contextual analyses, as well as the study of syntagmatic partners of the adjective loyal enable to reveal sixteen meanings: six of them are fixed by lexicographic sources, ten are differentiated on the basis of text fragments of linguistic corpora and Englishlanguage Internet content, seven of which are defined as connotative with a pronounced emotional and evaluative component. The empirical research deals with ten thousand contexts of linguistic corpora by means of continuous sampling method. All meanings of loyal are ranked in terms of their penetration and fixation in four areas of public life: economic, political, social and spiritual. The obtained data demonstrate the expansion of the lexeme loyal in all spheres. The final stage of the study focuses on the determination of the frequency of meanings in each area on the basis of the quantitative ratio with the total number of text fragments. The results show the spread of loyal by a small margin in three spheres of public life: economic, social and political which is due to the significant diversity of their components. The conducted research of the semantic volume of the adjective loyal makes it possible to reveal non-fixed meanings that are relevant for a wide range of spheres of public life: ‘reliable’, ‘real’, ‘systematic’, ‘persistent’, ‘true’, ‘fast’, ‘caring’, ‘fair’, ‘reasonable’, and ‘correct’. The emergence of new meanings associated with the development of social relations and connotative shades due to the emotional and evaluative human perception of reality, anthropomorphic metaphorical rethinking of ongoing changes has determined the essential vectors of expansion of the lexeme loyal in modern English.
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Van Goethem, Kristel, and Nikos Koutsoukos. "“Morphological transposition” as the onset of recategorization: The case of luxe in Dutch." Linguistics 56, no. 6 (2018): 1369–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2018-0026.
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Abstract Category change and recategorization processes have received renewed attention in recent years. In this paper, we focus on the shift from noun to adjective on the basis of a corpus-based study of the Dutch lexical item luxe ‘luxury; luxurious’. What is particularly interesting about this case is that in some contexts luxe combines nominal and adjectival properties (e.g. een erg luxe hotel ‘a very luxury/luxurious hotel’) and displays some intersective gradience. We will investigate to what extent luxe exhibits the typical profile of an adjective in present-day Dutch by applying a specific set of synchronic criteria, in addition to a diachronic analysis of the data, and by taking into account regional variation between Belgian and Netherlandic Dutch. This detailed data analysis will allow us to examine which type of recategorization process is responsible for the N>A shift. Since the category change is not formally marked, we will examine whether we are dealing with a case of conversion (a regular morphological process of category change) or syntactic transposition (the ad hoc use of a lexical item in a syntactic context typical of another category). We will conclude that this particular type of change cannot be correctly attributed to either conversion or syntactic transposition and that a new type of category change should be considered responsible for this case and similar ones, i.e. “morphological transposition”. This process takes place within attributive compounds and is followed by a process of debonding and further context expansion.
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Hickey, Raymond. "The pragmatics of grand in Irish English." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 18, no. 1 (2017): 82–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.18.1.04hic.
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Abstract Over the past two centuries, the use of the adjective grand underwent a specific semantic expansion in Irish English. Apart from the meaning of ‘displaying grandeur’, the adjective came to mean ‘fine’, ‘alright’ and ‘in good form’, both as an expression of the speaker’s situation and as a reference to that of the addressee. This development can be shown to represent a case of subjectification, as described seminally by Elizabeth Traugott in various publications (e.g., Traugott 1995), with the element of intersubjectification arising somewhat later (Traugott 2003). Through the examination of various texts, this paper examines the diachronic development of grand in its various uses and the rise of the Irish English extension with a consideration of possible precursors and parallels in other varieties. The subjective and intersubjective uses of grand are labelled “approving grand” and “reassuring grand” respectively and are shown to be in keeping with other features of Irish discourse structure and pragmatics.
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Kim Sun-Ja. "A Contrastive Analysis of the Semantic Expansion of the Adjective “Spicy” in Korean and Chinese." Language & Information Society 26, no. ll (2015): 101–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29211/soli.2015.26..004.
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Lee, Woonjae. "A Cognitive Study on semantic Expansion Phenomenon of Adjective-Noun Compound Verbs in Mandarin Chinese." Korea Journal of Chinese Linguistics 106 (June 30, 2023): 143–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.38068/kjcl.106.5.
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Chernovaty, Leonid. "Rendering English pharmacological terms into Ukrainian: Translation and didactic dimensions." SHS Web of Conferences 105 (2021): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202110503001.
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The research into the dependence of translation techniques choice on the term structure in the source language on the material of rendering 603 English single-word terms and terminological collocations (related to pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics) into Ukrainian contributed to suggesting the following preliminary conclusions. The choice of translation techniques in rendering single-word terms depends, to a certain degree, on their structure. The share of the dictionary equivalents decreases with the increase in the term complexity, falling from 82% in the case of simple terms and prefixal derivatives to 58% concerning the suffixal, 34% – prefix-suffixal and 9% – compound lexemes. The transcoding share is minimal with prefixal and simple terms, steadily growing with suffixal, prefix-suffixal and compound lexemes. Dictionary equivalents complemented by transcoding may be enough to render simple terms, prefixal derivatives may additionally require contextual substitution or addition in the case of suffixal lexemes. The growth in the terminology complexity results in the expansion of the translation procedures ranges to four or even six techniques in rendering the prefix-suffixal terms. Adjectival, participial and verbal two-word collocations are mostly translated by calquing. The addition of a noun reduces its share, increasing the role of transformations. The correlation of translation techniques depends on the nature of the added element. If it is an adjective, the impact of calquing grows; the addition of a noun contributes to the expansion of transformations.
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Khalinovska, Liudmyla. "Word-combination with adjectivized component political in journalistic texts." Terminological Bulletin, no. 5 (2019): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2019-5-27.
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There several factors that influence language of modern usus (political language and speech). They are processes in a country, political situation in the world, and as a result, its analyses and media coverage in a text. The subject of our attention is a word combination with adjective component politychnyi (political). This combination hasn’t been studies in the Ukrainian linguistics yet. The present research is aimed to systematize and describe structural and functional features of set expressions with the qualifying component mentioned bellow. Stability of such units can be explained by constant lexical composition with the unchangeable grammar meaning, word order, and active usage in speech. Most of the analyzed combinations are built in such a way: noun + adjective. Among terms-word combinations substantive combinations with depended component represented by adjective of attributive type are highly productive. They can be marked as adjective + noun: politychna kultura (political culture), politychnyi vysnovok (political conclusion), politychna manipuliatsiia (political manipulation) etc. Set expressions can be formed with the help of terms and commonly used words. The expansion of word combinations with the adjective component politychnnyi (political) in social language sphere leads to semantically different combinations appearance. Often component politychnnyi (political) adding results in positively / negatively marked set expression with new meaning appearance. Semantic changes take place under the influence of inner-lingual (language environment, context), cultural, social (war, trade, revolution, change of government etc.) etc. Some of them appear because of determinologization as a mean of imaginary. In the media language there are terms of many branches of knowledge used for different purposes – description of events taking place in modern society, popularization of science, the latest technologies and inventions, etc. Terms to change their meaning in combination are often borrowed from the fields of economics, medicine, sports, ecology and computer technology. Modern Ukrainian society sensitively reacts to the political processes that take place in it. It results in new words and phrases appearance, which are kind of litmus, a characterization of events by the citizens of Ukraine. The study of dynamic trends in modern socio-political media texts (the emergence of neologisms, the study of the changes in meanings of terms), will contribute to further regulation of the linguistic political communicative space, taking into account its anthropocentric, polyparadigmatic and interdisciplinary nature.
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Barbu, Ana-Maria. "The Influence of N+N English Loanwords on Romanian Morphosyntax Facilitated by Cognates." Revue roumaine de linguistique 2023, no. 3 (2023): 251–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/rrl.2023.3.05.
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This study examines the morphosyntactic influences of English on Romanian, through English compound loanwords of the type noun/adjective-modifier + noun-head (N/AMOD + NHEAD). Some of these loanwords undergo a transformation process in the Romanian language, which involves changing the English head with a Romanian cognate (e.g. stand-up comedy becomes stand-up comedie), but especially changing the order of the elements of the compound so that two variants coexist: NMOD + NHEAD (e.g. stand-up comedie) and NHEAD + NMOD (e.g. comedie stand-up). These variants, if interpreted as having free order, can create a new syntactic pattern with English characteristics. In order to assess the degree of expansion of this phenomenon, the evolution of 241 compound loanwords (listed in the Annex) is followed quantitatively and qualitatively.
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Bytkivska, Ya V. "DERIVATIONAL ADAPTATION OF ENGLISH LOAN WORDS INTO THE ADJECTIVE SUBSYSTEM OF THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Word, no. 3(55) (April 12, 2019): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7402-2019-3(55)-131-138.
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The article tackles the issue of the behavior of English loan-words (adjectives) in the derivational system of the Ukrainian language. It particularly covers the issue of their adaptation to the word-building norms of the target language, collocations with domestic lexemes, as well as the influence of foreign elements upon the microstructures of the target language. The practical material consists of the anglicisms used in mass media, fiction, conversational speech and internet resources. The terms “direct anglicism” (English lexemes borrowed from the source language by means of transcription or/and transliteration) and “mediated anglicism” (borrowed English lexemes that on the ground of the target language obtained new word-buildings and form-building affixes) are introduced. According to the research that social orders as well as the popularity of some anglicisms accelerate their adaptation to the word-building peculiarities of the Ukrainian language. After the attachment of the derivative formants the mediated anglicisms widen their denotation range by means of new semes. The modification suffixes emphasize the subjective attitude of a speaker towards the nomination object. Transpositional and mutative suffixes cause the expansion of word-building nests. The widespread usage of anglicisms in everyday speech and slang caused their adjustment to phonetic games and linguistic experiments. On the other hand, the utilizations of suffixoids as well as word-building substantive structures show the influence of the source language on the target one.
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Стручков, К. Н. "Comparative Analysis Nominal Vocabulary in the Evenk and Mongolian Languages (Based on the Adjective Materials)." Северо-Восточный гуманитарный вестник, no. 2(47) (July 1, 2024): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25693/svgv.2024.47.2.009.
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Статья посвящена сравнительно-сопоставительному анализу именной лексики эвенкийского и монгольских языков. Целью являются определение некоторых закономерностей адаптации заимствованных монгольских прилагательных в эвенкийском языке, выявление общих и заимствованных прилагательных структурно близких языков – эвенкийского и монгольских, ‒ появившихся в результате их исторического взаимодействия. Предпринята попытка определить конкретный язык-источник заимствования, охарактеризовать лексико-семантические группы прилагательных. Источниками послужили диалектологические словари эвенкийского и монгольских языков, этнографические и исторические материалы. Выделены предполагаемый общеалтайский пласт прилагательных в эвенкийском языке, общий монголо-тунгусо-маньчжурский пласт лексики на материале прилагательных. The scientific novelty of the study is in the fact that for the first time an attempt was made to conduct a comparative analysis of the nominal vocabulary of the Evenk and Mongolian languages. The relevance of this article is indisputable it is determined by the lack of knowledge of the vocabulary of the Evenk and Mongolian languages in a comparative aspect. The purpose of the article is to identify common and borrowed adjectives of structurally similar languages – the Evenk and Mongolian languages, which appeared as a result of their historical interaction, as well as to determine the specific language – the source of borrowing; consider lexical-semantic groups of adjectives. The research is conducted on the basis of comparative analysis. The sources of the article were dialectological dictionaries of the Evenk and Mongolian languages, ethnographic and historical materials. The supposed common Altai layer of adjectives in the Evenk language is highlighted; common Mongol-Tungus-Manchu layer of vocabulary based on the adjectives. As you can see, the vocabulary of the Evenk language contains a large number of Buryatisms and Mongolisms that were included at different times. The proposed list of lexical borrowings is not exhaustive, their maximum expansion and etymological analysis were not the main aim of the study. When identifying borrowed adjectives, cultural and economic influences were taken into account.
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LIU, YANJIN. "Translating Agendas in Children’s Literature: Oscar Wilde’s Fairy Tales in China." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 6, no. 1 (2023): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2023.6.1.7.
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Children’s literature is recently regarded as an emergent vehicle for the expression of opposing political views (Simpson, 2020), becoming an up-and-coming part of contemporary political discourse. To examine the discursive properties of agendas and political discourse in fairy tales and their translation particulars, this study adopts the political and critical discourse analysis (Schäffner, 2004; Van Dijk, 2003) with the method of micro-textual lexis analysis and macro social-historical analysis. It is found that: 1) political discourse in children’s literature exhibits a marked discursive property of substantial adjective usage; 2) denotation expansion, trivialization, and contrast explicitation are three recurrent translation strategies under the strategic functions of dissimulation and delegitimization; 3) translation initiation manifests political awareness with local, ideological, and political implications. The study, with a specific focus on the Chinese context, foregrounds the empowerment of translation with local, ideological, and political implications, highlighting the delicate strategies adopted by translators in a likewise delicate genre of children’s literature.
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Han, Jeong han, and Myunghee Cha. "A study of the logico-semantic types of Korean nominal clauses and adjective clauses: based on systemic functional linguistics." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 24, no. 1 (2024): 689–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2024.24.1.689.
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Objectives In the clause complexing systems of systemic functional linguistics, the logico-semantic types(LSTs) between ‘clause’ and ‘clause’ are realised in different ways in coordinate clauses, subordinate clauses, and em-bedded clauses. The purpose of this paper is to identify the LSTs of Korean nominal clauses and adjective clauses that are distinct form other embedded clauses.
 Methods SFL's clause complexing system consists of three optinal systems: taxis, LSTs, and repercussions. Among the LSTs of Korean embedded clauses, three are used: [projection], [phenomenon], and [extension]. These are realised in different ways in quotation clauses, nominal clauses, and adjevtive clauses, repectively.
 Results After applying the aforementioned methodology, we were able to establish [phenomenon] of the com-plement participants of mental verbs as the common LST of Korean nominal clauses. Based on this, it was further found that the nominal clause ‘-기’ combined with desrative verbs and emotional verbs has the LST of [phenom-enon_ideas]; and the nominal clause ‘-음’ combined with cognitive verbs has the LST of [phenomenon_facts]; and the nomonal clause ‘-는 것’ combined with perceptual verbs has the LST of [phenomenon_acts]. On the other hand, the LSTs of adjevtive clauses were broadly distinguished as [projection] and [expansion]. The [projection] semantics of adjevtive clauses are mainly realised in the complement clauses of superordinate Projective Nouns and Factual Nouns.
 Conclusions The LSTs between ‘clause’ and ‘clause’ in clause-complexing systems in systemic functional lin-guistics are big research topics. This can be realised in different ways in coordinate, subordinate and embedded clauses. So far, this paper focuses on the LSTs that appear in nominal clauses and adjective clauses, examining them in detail using examples from the Korean language dictionary, and summarising the results. It is hoped that further research could conduct to investigate the LSTs of the entire Korean clause complexing systems.
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ZHANG, SHUYUE, та YAN LIN. "A Contrast Study on the Adjective of cold between Korean and Chinese: Focusing on Korean ‘차다’, ‘차갑다’, ‘시리다’, ‘쌀쌀하다’, ‘서늘하다’, ‘싸늘하다’ and Chinese ‘涼’". Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 23, № 18 (2023): 483–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2023.23.18.483.
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Objectives The purpose of this study was to illuminate the semantic extension patterns of cooling adjectives in Korean and Chinese through a comparative study focusing on the Korean words ‘차다’, ‘차갑다’, ‘시리다’, ‘쌀쌀하다’, ‘서늘하다’, ‘싸늘하다’, and the Chinese word ‘涼’.
 Methods In this study, the definitions and characteristics of the original meanings, extended meanings, metaphor, and metonymy were first summarized. Then, a comparative analysis of the dictionary meanings of cooling adjectives in Korean and Chinese was conducted. Through this process, distinctions were made between the original meanings and extended meanings of these adjectives. Subsequently, corpus data were used to analyze the patterns of semantic extension of cooling adjectives in Korean and Chinese.
 Results The extended meanings of the Chinese word ‘涼’ and the Korean words ‘차다’, ‘차갑다’, ‘시리다’, ‘쌀쌀하다’, ‘싸늘하다’, and ‘서늘하다’ were found to encompass both similar and completely distinct meanings. However, the most important observation was that even when there are similar meanings, there are significant differences in the extension paths. The extension paths of the character 涼 mainly focus on abstract semantic extensions, and the verb ‘차다’ reveals not only abstract semantic extensions but also sensory extensions. Furthermore, when comparing the extended meanings of 涼 and ‘차갑다’, ‘쌀쌀하다’, ‘서늘하다’, and ‘싸늘하다’, it can be observed that while they share some similar extended meanings, the extension paths of ‘차갑다’, ‘쌀쌀하다’, ‘서늘하다’, and ‘싸늘하다’ are relatively diverse. Lastly, it can be confirmed that there is no similar meaning in the extended meanings of 涼 and ‘시리다’, and from the perspective of extension paths, both words share the commonality of extensions related to ‘state’ and ‘abstract entity’. Additionally, the Chinese character 涼 has additional extension paths related to ‘body parts’ and ‘area (space)’.
 Conclusions This study is meaningful in that when making sentences using adjectives for cold , the vocabulary is accurately selected and used by referring to the expansion path of the extended meaning of Korean and Chinese adjectives for cold.
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Nam, Ryangwoo. "A Study on the Expansion of Construction: Focusing on Fugitive Construction, ‘possessor-subject possessee-object’ Construction, and Adjective ‘possessor-subject possessee-object’ Construction." Korea Journal of Chinese Linguistics 115 (December 31, 2024): 201–32. https://doi.org/10.38068/kjcl.115.9.
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Yayuk, Risarri. "KELAS KATA ANTONIM DALAM BAHASA BANJAR." TELAGA BAHASA 5, no. 2 (2019): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.36843/tb.v5i2.136.
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Antonym study is an important part of semantic. This research problemincludes how the form of antonym in Banjarnese language based on word classes and how to prove that level of antonym based on the characteristic of the word classes. The aims of this research are to describe the form of antonym based on the word classes and to prove that level of antonym based on the characteristic of the word classes. The methodology used for data collection refers to observation method with recording and writing techniques. The data source comes from the public speech of Banjar people in Loktabat Village, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan Province. The data were taken from January to June 2016. At the phase of analysis, the data were analyzed using the expansion technique. The results of data analysis were presented in narrative descriptive with informal and formal method. The result of this research had shown adjective class, verb, and noun. The proof of the pairs obtained is the antonym word pairs in their respective classes; it corresponds to the characteristics in each class.
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BREBAN, TINE, and KRISTIN DAVIDSE. "The history of very: the directionality of functional shift and (inter)subjectification." English Language and Linguistics 20, no. 2 (2016): 221–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674315000428.
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On the basis of extensive corpus analysis, we reconstruct the history of very and the paths of change along which it acquired new meanings. We propose an analytical model that, firstly, assigns general semantic functions to the (sub)modifier relations in the English noun phrase and, secondly, identifies subsenses of these functions on the basis of collocational, semantic and pragmatic distinctions observed in different contexts. Thus, we arrive at a comprehensive description of the various (sub)modifier relations in which very has functioned in its history. Having been borrowed into English as part of fixed collocations such as very Ihus (‘the true Jesus’) and croice verra (‘the true cross’), very successively acquired the functions of descriptive modifier, noun-intensifier, focus marker, adjective-intensifier, classifier, postdeterminer-intensifier, quantifier-intensifier and postdeterminer. This description allows us to interpret the history of very as a paradigm case of progressive grammaticalization and (inter)subjectification involving leftward movement in the English NP (Adamson 2000). Our analytical model allows us to capture finer mechanisms of change such as collocational extension, pragmatically driven host class expansion, invited inferences and analogy.
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Dias Venâncio, Pedro. "Regime geral dos atos eletrónicos – um regime esquecido." Revista Electrónica de Direito 23, no. 3 (2020): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2182-9845_2020-0003_0008.
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In addition to the digitization of physical evidence associated with the modernization of the mechanisms of the digitalized civil process, the future of Justice is closely linked to digital proof: the use of originally electronic documents to prove contracts and other legally relevant acts. The proliferation of electronic communications (replacing postal mail, fax communications and even telephone), in its multiple forms (electronic mail, instant messages, and the multiple public and private communications services provided by social networks), as well as the expansion of electronic commerce, and in particular the generalization of electronic contracting, has been increasing exponentially the use of electronic means for the practice of legal acts. Digital proof assumes a central role in civil law, both from a substantive and an adjective perspective. The regime of validity and probative value of documents, signatures and electronic communications enshrined in Decree-Law No. 290-D/99, of 2 August, represents a general regime for civil law of paramount importance in the Information Society. Unfortunately, the Portuguese legislator has repeatedly approved exceptional rules in individual diplomas, contradicting or ignoring the existence of this general regime.
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Sokolova, Marina G. "“<i>Fresh</i> or not <i>Fresh?</i>” (Linguistic Portraying of the Word <i>Фреш</i> (Fresh) in Modern Journalistic Discourse)". Russkaia rech, № 1 (24 травня 2024): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0131611724010042.
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The article examines the features of the functioning of the lexeme фреш (fresh) in modern journalistic discourse within the framework of the language portrait. The active spheres of functioning of the word фреш (fresh) in accordance with the subject of the texts are highlighted. The semantic volume of this lexeme has been clarified, which includes several meanings: “freshly squeezed juice”; “fresh, natural food”; “fresh, natural, original, new.” It has been established that the development of the semantics of the lexeme demonstrates the process of expanding the semantic volume due to the loss of hypersemes (“juice”, “food”) and the expansion of lexical compatibility. The morphological polyfunctionality of the analyzed lexeme, which acts as a noun or an indeclinable adjective as part of analytical constructions, is demonstrated. The facts of the expressive use of the word фреш (fresh) as proper names are described, as well as the inclusion of precedent phenomena in the game transformation. It has been established that while maintaining variability in the spelling of the word, the variant фреш (fresh) becomes predominant in frequency; various ways in the design of this word in the position of postposition in combinations are characterized.
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Muratbayeva, I., and Zh Abdrahmanova. "COLORATIVE VOCABULARY AS A TERM-FORMING COMPONENT IN THE COMPOSITION OF METAPHORIZED TERMS (Using the example of the adjective "golden")." Bulletin of the Eurasian Humanities Institute, Philology Series, no. 1 (March 30, 2025): 35–43. https://doi.org/10.55808/1999-4214.2025-1.04.
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The article deals with the peculiarities of the structural-semantic content of the colorative «golden» in the composition of terminological combinations formed by means of their metaphorical reinterpretation. On the example of the adjective «golden» the main forms of transformations and expansion of the semantic field of the investigated colorative lexicon are studied, the fundamental criteria of changes in the conceptual structure of phraseological terms are generalized and revealed. The article uses specific examples to study the motivation for choosing a nominative unit as the main component of a compound term, the term-forming role of colorative in the process of terminologization of a free combination and its further formation as a phraseologized term. Special attention is paid to the cause-and-effect relations of the change of the denotative content of coloratives in the transition from one sphere to another, the variability between primary and secondary meanings, and the semantics of these coloratives in the context of the terminological system. The authors carried out lexical and semantic analysis of the denotative meaning of the mentioned terms-phraseologisms, as well as contextual and semantic analysis of their definitions. On the basis of complex analysis it is shown that the colorative «golden» in the composition of the metaphorized term is a key component, which in combination with another lexical unit participates in the process of conceptualization of new knowledge, its verbalization and introduction into a new communicative space. The frequent use of the colorative «golden» in the meta-language of science leads to the conclusion that this lexeme has a high degree of potentiality as a term-forming component in the composition of complex terms.
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Rustipa, Katharina, Kristophorus Hadiono, Amirul Mukminin, Elisabeth Oseanita Pukan, and Raden Arief Nugroho. "Logical Relations and Noun Phrase Complexity of EFL Students’ Academic Writing to Promote Literacy Development Cycle Teaching Model." International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research 23, no. 3 (2024): 199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.23.3.11.
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Academic writing has become more important, especially for academicians who are required to publish articles in a reputable journal. However, meeting journals’ quality standards is not an easy task. Graduate students as prospective academicians need to improve their writing style to be competent academic writers because previous studies revealed that writing style covering clause simplex, clause complex, and complex noun phrase are problematic for them. This qualitative case study explored the logical relations of clause complexes and complex noun phrases of clause simplexes found in graduate students' unpublished academic writing. It employed genre analysis for examining 20 graduate students' unpublished research papers collected using purposive sampling technique. The findings revealed that the students mostly produced choppy texts. They utilized parataxis (47.3%) and hypotaxis (52.7%). Concerning logico-semantic relation, the expansion relation is dominant (76.8%). In terms of complex noun phrase, 20.7% occurrences were found in clause simplexes, in which attributive adjective pre-modifiers and prepositional phrase post modifiers were dominant. Furthermore, the interviews revealed that the students' writing problems derived from their lack of awareness and low literacy of academic writing characteristics. Based on the research findings, a teaching model of the literacy development cycle is recommended to enhance students’ skills in academic writing.
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Dacewicz, Leonarda. "Rozchwianie tradycji polskiej w zakresie nazewnictwa kobiet pod zaborem rosyjskim w kontekście historycznym i współczesnym." Studia Wschodniosłowiańskie 21 (2021): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/sw.2021.21.08.
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The customary division of functions and social roles of men and women adopted in the past was reflected in the process of shaping the Polish anthroponymic system. The phenomenon of differentiation of nomenclature based on gender was directly related to the privileged position and exclusive participation of men in the organization of social life. In anthroponymy, the domination of masculinity is marked by the functional expansion of male forms as primary and basic. Male nomenclature was higher listed in the hierarchy of importance, female forms of surnames were always created from male forms. The surnames of married women were ending with the suffixes -owa, -ina, -ska or -a, e.g. Chodkiewiczowa, Niemierzyna, Popławska, Ladna. The surnames of unmarried women were created using the suffixes -ówna (ending in a consonant from scratch), e.g. Chodkiewiczówna (< Chodkiewicz), -anka (ending in a vowel from scratch), e.g. Niemierzanka (< Niemiera), and in adjective types like married surnames, for example, Popławska, Ładna. The subject of attention in this study is the phenomenon of masculinization of female surname forms during the Russian partition (second half of the 19th century) in the Podlasie region. The problem is presented in the context of the historical development of women’s nomenclature in Podlasie and general information on the state of female nomination in Poland in modern times.
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Maru, Rosmini, Ali Rahmat Muhammadiyah Nur, Muhammad Yusuf, Sukri Nyompa, and Rusdi. "The Utilization of Augmented Reality Technology for the Development of Tourism Information Media." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 6, no. 4 (2022): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.6.4.1396.
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The industrial revolution 4.0 has brought tourism trends using enriched interactive technology services. Technology in the world of tourism has helped the expansion of the industry through the promotion and mediation of independent tourists to carry out all services and transactions easily, including obtaining tourist information. This study aims to develop promotion media for geography education tourism in Soppeng Regency and test the effectiveness of the media. This study adopted the Alessi & Trollip learning multimedia development model. The developed media was tested on 20 respondents with 10-item usability scale statements and 5 response options ranging from agreeing to strongly disagree. The level of effectiveness of the media developed after being tested using the usability scale (SUS) system is included in the Good category (good) with an average score of 76.5. This level of effectiveness is included in the acceptable to users or acceptable category, with a grade scale of C and an adjective rating in the Good or good category. The results of this study also indicate that users are satisfied with the developed media but are not enthusiastic so that users can switch to other, more interesting media at any time. In the end, based on the final score obtained, it was concluded that the promotion media for geography education tourism in Soppeng Regency (battle city application) was effective and acceptable to users.
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Simic, Jelena Jovanovic, and Ivana Jovanovic. "Verbatological-genre and pragmatic-semantic characteristics of proverbs as microtexts." Korean Association of Slavic Languages 28, no. 1 (2023): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30530/jsl.2023.28.1.123.
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The paper investigates the syntactic aspects of the composition of the novel Time of Death (first and second books) by Dobrica Ćosić, from the standpoint of theoretical-methodological postulates of text theory, linguistic composition and verbatology. Intra-sentence relationships in statements are discussed, with special reference to verb and noun rection, as well as their mutual relationship. The authors first recognize and describe the ability of language units to influence the form of dependent units that are combined with them, i.e. rectional structures, and based on the analysis of this type of structural cohesion - the research results are presented as determining and describing: appositional constructions in the organization of sentence structures; appositive or dislocated subcategorical determinatives; and attributive provisions with a classification meaning. Therefore, the subject of research are: (1) all forms of connection in appositional constructions - noun, pronoun and adjective and (2) all syntactic procedures of form expansion by adding new elements - apposition, adlocation, collocation, prosthesis, structural expansion. It was determined that in the novel Time of Death by Dobrica Ćosić there are two formal ways of building the structure: (a) congruent and more dominant - most often as three-part sentence structures with a conjunction and a predicate or with a semi-conjunction and a predicate, and (b) a reaction type of structure - with a conjunction and a predicate. On the basis of these findings, two regularities were established: the rules of linear distribution of consecutive sentences and the rules of structural repartition of the meaning pivots of the sentence. The authors conclude that Ćosić's sentence in Time of Death is characterized by linear discursiveness, most often as a connection of consecutive units, in which the syntactic mechanisms of conjunction, adjunction, interjunction and disjunction are particularly activated. Ćosić's syntactic procedure in this novel is defined as 'parable' - i.e. as a procedure with a distinct tendency and ability to build a complex structure by combining comparable microstructures, in the result of which the verbatological and stylistic value of successive constructions is revealed.
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Morozova, Alevtina N., and Anna I. Ivleva. "The structure of substantive-prepositional syntagmas in the English text of the patent." Neophilology, no. 1 (2023): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2023-9-1-78-88.
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Substantive-prepositional syntagmas in the English text of the patent are chosen as the subject of research. We set the task of determine to what extent this type of syntagmatics is typical for the chosen genre and present a typological description of structures based on the N+of+N core model. The relevance of the tasks set is determined by the insufficient knowledge of the categorical, linguistic and discursive features of such structures in English speech in general and in the texts of patent documentation in particular. The basis of the empirical research, carried out on the material of two corpora of texts, is the methods of syntagmatic, constructive, comparative and statistical analysis. The frequency of substantive-prepositional syntagmas in comparison with other types of compound nominative units and individual features that distinguish prepositional combinations from lexical syntagmas have been established. Design features of syntagmas are revealed; the syntactic processes of distribution of simple structures are described, the most significant of which are development, expansion, accession; the specifics of the implementation in these processes of such methods of distribution as lexical and syntactic, allied and non-union, adjective and substantive are determined. The obtained results supplement the information about syntagmatics as a sign of the genre and style of the text. They can serve as a basis for further research in the field of syntagmatics of English speech and find application in teaching English for professional purposes, as well as in a comparative analysis of original and parallel texts in Russian.
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Xu, Xiujuan, and Irina Nikolaevna Tokarchuk. "The main types of usage of a multifunctional word "literally" in modern Russian." Litera, no. 8 (August 2022): 236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2022.8.38594.
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The object of this study is a polyfunctional word "literally". The subject of the study is the semantic and syntactic features of this lexeme, which determine its multifunctional character. The relevance of the research is due to its inclusion in the problems of studying the phenomenon of polyfunctionality in modern Russian. The purpose of the work is to establish the main types of use of the word literally, their morphological, syntactic, semantic qualification. From the point of view of pragmatics, the authors describe in detail the multifunctional lexeme literally, taking into account three grammatical implementations. The article comprehensively examines the syntagmatic characteristics of this unit using examples selected from the National Corpus of the Russian language. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it presents for the first time all grammatical implementations of the word literally and their semantic and syntactic variants. It is established that the lexeme literally in modern Russian has three grammatical implementations: a short adjective of the neuter gender, an adverb and a particle, which differ based on syntactic properties and functions, but have an invariant semantic component ‘exact correspondence to words / the meaning of words’. It is proved that the main types of use of this word are an adverb and a particle connected by an intraverbial antonymy. The specificity of the types of adverb usage is determined up to the expansion of its syntagmatic and semantic possibilities. The revealed differences between the two types of particle use are syntagmatic and pragmatic. The results of the study can be used both in the study of other multifunctional units and in lexicographic practice.
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Маринова, Е. В. "THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE OF THE DIGITAL SOCIETY: SEMANTICS, COMPATIBILITY, PRAGMATICS OF KEYWORDS." Russkii iazyk za rubezhom, no. 2(297) (May 10, 2023): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37632/pi.2023.297.2.005.
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Рассматривается процесс формирования русского языка цифрового общества на примере ключевых слов цифровой, цифровизация, цифра. Предлагается гипотеза об основном векторе семантических изменений данных лексем – от термина к идеологеме. Материал исследования – тексты русскоязычных СМИ в сервисе «Архив СМИ» (электронный медиабанк «Интегрум»). Наблюдаемая в обследованных текстах широкая сочетаемость прилагательного цифровой, названная автором комбинаторной экспансией, служит одним из доказательств выдвигаемой гипотезы наряду с заметной словообразовательной активностью слова. Особую роль в идеологизации дискурса, связанного с концепцией цифрового общества, играют такие дериваты, как цифро- (в составе цифрофашизм, цифрорабство, цифропленники и под.) и антицифровой. В семантике многих номинаций проявляется смысловая доминанта ‘ограничение свободы’, что объясняется неоднозначным отношением части российского общества к системе ценностей цифровой эпохи. The process of formation of the Russian language of the Digital Society is considered on the example of the keywords tsifrovoj, tsifrovizatsia, tsifra. A hypothesis is proposed about the main vector of semantic changes of these lexemes – from a term to an ideologeme. The research material is texts of Russian–language mass media contained in the service «Archive of Mass Media» (electronic media bank «Integrum»). The wide compatibility of the adjective tsifrovoj observed in the examined texts, called combinatorial expansion by the author, serves as one of the proofs of the proposed hypothesis, along with the notable word-formation activity of the word. A special role in the ideologization of the discourse associated with the concept of digital society is played by such derivatives as tsifro- (as part of tsifrofashizm, tsifrorabstvo, tsifroplenniki et al.) and antitsifrovoj. In the semantics of many nominations, the semantic dominant "restriction of freedom" is manifested, which is explained by the ambiguous attitude of part of Russian society to the value system of the digital era.
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Rubets, Maria. "Polysemy as a Way to Create Nonlinear Text in the Chinese Language Culture." Ideas and Ideals 12, no. 4-1 (2020): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2020-12.4.1-11-24.
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The article is devoted to the problem of polysemy in the Chinese language as one of the ways to expand the meanings of the written text. Polysemy as an integral part of any language is also widespread in Chinese. Characters become ambiguous under the influence of cultural, social, historical factors, due to metaphorical and metonymic transfer, etc. The situation with ambiguity in the Chinese language is further aggravated by the fact that the meaning of a syllable (written by a certain character) can be expanded not only due to the acquisition of new vocabulary meanings, but also new grammatical forms, since almost any syllable in the Chinese language can become both a noun, a verb, an adjective, a particle, etc. Chinese philologists were engaged in the interpretation of various meanings of hieroglyphs as far back as the pre-Qing era, this work does not stop to this day. The second part of the article provides an example of the polysemy of the character 道dào in modern dictionaries as a result of the expansion of the original meanings indicated in the etymological dictionaries of Sho Wen Jie Zi and Zi Yuan. The third part of the article provides concrete examples of the use of polysemic words by native speakers of the Chinese language in order to create nonlinear multidimensional texts. Examples of such texts are selected from ancient poems as well as from the couplets of duilian, such folklore phenomena as riddles, anecdotes, as well as examples of the creativity of modern Internet users (memes). Thus, the article shows that this technique is historically rooted in the written culture of China, which means that when reading texts in Chinese, it is necessary to consider not only historical, cultural, etc. realities and connotations, but also all derivative senses of words used in the text to identify additional senses in the text.
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Ratsiburskaya, L. V., and M. V. Sandakova. "Derivational and lexical intensifiers in modern Russian: active processes." Russian language at school 84, no. 6 (2023): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2023-84-6-69-80.
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The article considers ways of representing the functional-semantic category of intensity at the lexical and word-formation levels of the language. At the former, linguistic units are expressed by a separate word (adverb, adjective), fixed prepositional case form, phraseological unit. At the word-formation level, the study describes derivational means and new lexemes formed with these means, as well as word-formation processes and patterns. The research is relevant as it concentrates attention on the dynamic processes determining the development of the category of intensity in the twenty-first century language. The article aims to show the dynamics of derivational and lexical intensifiers in modern media and literary texts. The materials of the study are texts obtained from print and electronic media, television and radio broadcasts, as well as twenty-first century fiction. Within the level approach framework, the paper employs derivational and lexical-semantic analysis. The functional-pragmatic aspect of the study determined the use of contextual and pragma-stylistic analysis. As a result, the study has characterised the productive derivational means (affixes and affixoids) and word-building processes (reduplication) of expressing intensity, as well as new words formed with their help. Moreover, the research has shown the connection between the categories of intensity and evaluativity in derivational processes. In addition, the research has identified factors (the semantic-stylistic features of affixes and derivational bases, the context) determining the expressive-evaluative nature of new formations. The paper reveals the areas for the development of lexical intensifiers: 1) expansion of syntagmatic possibilities and the associated emergence in speech of new phrases (such word combinations violate lexicographically well-established traditions); 2) addition of new units to the class as a result of intralinguistic borrowing and semantic derivation. New intensifiers with vivid expressiveness, imagery, and evaluativity serve as a tool to make speech more expressive.
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Ray Yadav, Dr Prabhu. "Yadav (Ahir): Linguistically Enriched Indigenous Community in The Terai Culture." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 12, no. 04 (2025): 8541–45. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v12i04.03.
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This paper attempts to analyze the origin and expansion of the Yadav caste and dynasty, which is well known across Nepal. The Yadav dynasty encompasses the entire lineage of its history and geography. This family, with a long-standing presence in human civilization, traces its origins to the Indus River. Its history is deeply rooted in the broader narrative of human civilization. In Nepal, the Yadav community extends from Mechi to Mahakali, with the majority residing in the southern region of the country. The concentration of the Yadav population is particularly notable in Janakpurdham, the birthplace of King Janak, as well as in the Narayani Zone, the Sagarmatha Zone, and Lumbini, the birthplace of Lord Buddha. Beyond these four provinces, Yadavs have been migrating from one place to another. For instance, their migration has historically extended from the Terai (Maddhesh) to the Himalayas and Hills (Pahad). Despite the growth and spread of education in the modern era, the majority of the Yadav community remains illiterate, largely due to their reliance on ancestral property. The family roots and relations of the Yadavs are closely intertwined with the historical and cultural ties between Nepal and India. The Yadav dynasty has had an age-old connection with Nepal, and the cultural traditions of the Yadav families in both Nepal and India remain vibrant and commendable. The Yadavs recognize one another by their common title, yet they also have several sub-titles. Approximately 99% of Yadav families follow Hinduism. The oldest title of the Yadav caste is "Ahir," which also means "Yadu"—a noun derived from the adjective "Yadu-Banshi." Their linguistic heritage reflects the significance and beauty of the Ahir (Yadav) identity through numerous proverbs, which carry profound meanings across various sects and traditions. However, the reasons behind the societal neglect or disregard of the Yadav community, whether intentional or unintentional, remain unclear.
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BROCCIAS, CRISTIANO. "Towards a history of English resultative constructions: the case of adjectival resultative constructions." English Language and Linguistics 12, no. 1 (2008): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674307002493.
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This contribution provides a corpus-based investigation of the history of adjectival resultative constructions (RCs), e.g. He wiped the table clean, with special reference to Old English and Middle English. The article first briefly discusses some of the parameters relevant to a synchronic analysis of RCs, namely causativity, causality and force-dynamics, as well as the distinction between adjectival and adverbial RCs (collectively referred to as ARCs since the two types cannot always be differentiated diachronically). The article then shows that the diachronic data point to an expansion of the ARC from very specific instantiations, involving a limited set of verbs and adjectives/adverbs (i.e. the washing and cutting scenarios), to progressively more general types (which, however, set up a coherent network of analogical extensions). It is observed that this evolutionary path correlates with the metaphorical interpretation of actions as forces and the emergence of ‘proper’ causative examples, i.e. examples where the verb only symbolises the causing subevent in the causal chain evoked by the RC. Further, it is argued that this investigation highlights the importance of the usage-based model in linguistic analysis.
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Feraj, Asime, and Arjan Llanaj Albania. "Illustration in Explanatory Dictionary." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 6, no. 2 (2017): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v6i2.p249-254.
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This paper has treated the syntagmatic level in the explanatory dictionaries, in the monolingual and bilingual as well, since the syntagmata in the dictionary can be dealt with as being unnoticed, because it is considered as less important than explanations or definitions or equivalents (when the dictionary is bilingual). But, if, for example, it can’t be said in the explanation that a verb or adjective can be linked with words that refer to alive and not alive objects, than the user can see the illustrative examples (the weather became cold/cold (distant) from his friend; a cold room/a cold person; a man walks/ the horse walks ; the time passes/ the work goes on; ecën koha (ecën puna). Nowadays, when the society is developing so fast and thoroughly, the use and utilisation of monolingual, bilingual, multilingual, linguistic or encyclopaedic dictionaries, is the most common and inevitable phenomenon, because these works not only are recorders of the word and phraseology, of semantic and lexical fortune, national and international one, but also have their determining importance in the acquirement of the language and in the expansion of the linguistic and communicative competence, in finding an unknown word and its semantic definition, or in finding lexical and semantic units with which creates semantic, paradigmatic, word-forming and stylistic relations etc. The illustrative examples are helpful for the full exploration of meaning and serve as an additional instrument for the characterisation of the word, showing the area of use and the typical grammatical lexicon enclosure. They also prove the stylistic evaluation and grammatical characteristic that is given to the word. The main purpose of this paper is that by relying in the subject that is offered by these kind of irreplaceable works, it will treat the importance of the syntagmatic level of the explanatory dictionary as an important part for knowing the word and its significance, to increase the lexical and semantic competence of the users of these dictionaries.
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Šiljak, Violeta. "The Competitions that Have Contributed to the Rise and Spread of the Olympic Movement in the Late 19th and Early 20th Century." Physical Education and Sport Through the Centuries 7, no. 1 (2020): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/spes-2020-0003.
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SummaryThe establishment of the modern Olympic Games can be considered a logical sequence of the Games that preceded them. The Cotswold, Wenlock, and Greek Olympic Games are known as the forerunners of the modern Olympic Games. The subject of this research is related to the competitions which also contributed to the rise and spread of the Olympic movement in the late 19th and early 20th century. The aim of the research is to point out the importance of organizing the Palic Olympics, the Olympic competitions in Serbia and the Women’s Olympic Games, which, thanks to their organizers, at that historic moment contributed to a certain extent to the expansion of the Olympic Movement. Baron Lajos Vermes, a famous athlete and a sports patron was the founder of the Palić Olympics, among many other sports competitions, which were regularly held in what was then Austria-Hungary at Lake Palić in the period from 1880 to 1906. In the early 20th century in Serbia, the officers who were educated in France, where they had met with the Olympic movement, upon their return to the country began to organize numerous and various competitions that had the adjective “Olympic” in their names. The perseverance in the work on the Olympic idea soon led to the establishment of the Serbian Olympic Club in 1910, and thanks to Captain Svetomir Đukić it also led to the inclusion in the IOC in 1912. In the period between the two world wars Alice Milliat worked hard on the equal inclusion of women in the Olympic movement. The requests for equal inclusion of women in the Olympic competition program that were rejected multiple times finally yielded results after the organization of the Women’s Olympic Games in 1922 in Paris.The research results should show the importance of these Games, giving them the opportunity to be included among the already well-known forerunners of the Olympic Games.
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Turchak, Olena. "Сreative potential of metaphor in the cycle of stories by Hryhor Tiutiunnyk «Steppe Tale»". Philological Review, № 1 (31 травня 2023): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2415-8828.1.2023.281364.
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The article presents a comprehensive analysis of metaphors in Hryhor Tiutiunnyk’s short story cycle «Steppe Tale». The classification of metaphors is considered according to the partial language affiliation, the way of formation and existence and the structure.
 It was established that from the point of view of partial linguistic affiliation, verbal and adverbial metaphors are most often used. Adjective metaphors are used less often, noun metaphors are also not marked by frequency of use. Adverbial metaphors mostly complement verbal metaphors. Such an interaction between two types of metaphors is evidence that metaphor should be considered as a phenomenon of syntactic semantics, which makes it possible to trace the formation of metaphorical meaning within the context due to the successful combination of words.
 According to the method of formation and existence, fixed, individually authored and conceptual metaphors function. Metaphors form a content integrity, and the combination of their meanings actualizes the figurative and associative plan.
 From the point of view of structure, simple metaphors prevail, but complex ones are not inferior to them quantitatively. A simple metaphor is based on a simple comparison, i.e., the convergence of images is based on one feature. A complex metaphor describes a concept using a combination of images or primary metaphors.
 A detailed metaphor deserves special attention, in which the carrier of the metaphorical image is a whole complex of associatively connected words. The text-creative role of the developed metaphor is most noticeable primarily in the linguistic design of the text, in its semantic expansion and in the realization of the pragmatic task of the text.
 Peculiarities of the use of metaphors and their pictorial and expressive possibilities were also studied.
 To achieve the goal and solve the tasks, the following methods were used: the method of analyzing scientific and theoretical sources, the method of contextual analysis, and the method of continuous sampling.
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MAKSYMOVA, A. "WAYS OF FORMING NEW VOCABULARY IN THE BRITISH PRESS." Current issues of linguistics and translations studies, no. 27 (April 27, 2023): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2415-7929-2023-27-14.
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The article shows that the main methods of word formation in the British press are word combinations, telescoping, compounding, affixation, abbreviation, contraction, expansion of the meaning of a word, and conversion. The author analyzed 159 neologisms of the British press from 2019-2023. It was determined that the neologisms of the British press cover all spheres of human life: everyday life, work, architecture, ecology, leisure, entertainment, and the special role of СOVID-19 in the word formation of neologisms of the British press, which is associated with the active use of ZOOM, as well as life and work online, was noted. . It has been established that socially significant events influence the appearance of new words. It was determined that, from a structural point of view, a large number of new word combinations were formed according to the typical adjective plus noun model. The article shows that word combinations are formed by metaphorical and metonymic transfers of meaning. It was determined that the aging of the nation and the elderly are given a significant place in the phrases. It has been proven that word combinations have covered all spheres of human existence and are the main trend of word formation in the British press of 2019-2023. It has been established that another important direction of word formation is telescoping, which covers ecology, nutrition, architecture and everyday life. It is justified that word formations are used in trade, everyday life and the information sphere. It is shown that the abbreviation is used in social and political life, nutrition, financial sphere, information activities. The author noted that among the abbreviations there are acronyms. It is noted that among all the variety of neologisms of the British press, conversion is found. It is noted that affixation is also used in neologisms and the suffix ism, ing is used. Suffixation predominates in modern word formation, and prefixation is less common in the British press.
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HACIBEKİROĞLU, Abdullah. "Semantic Interpretations Expressed by Musnad Ilayh with Tawābiʿ Elements -In the Context of Abū Yaʿḳūb al-Sakkākī’s Miftāḥ al-ʿulūm-". Universal Journal of Theology 7, № 1 (2022): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.56108/ujte.1114753.
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Abstract
 In the science of rhetoric, the cases related to al-musnad ilayh and musnad, which are the basic elements of the sentence, are examined in the maʿānī section. Rhetoricists deal with a significant part of the isnād with its different rhetorical aspects, with issues such as the musnad ilayh (subject) ḥadhf-dhikr, being maʿrifa-nakira, presentation (taḳdīm)-postponement (teʾk̲h̲īr), tawābiʿ (sentence expansion) elements and separating pronouns. The same is done for musnad (predicate), which is the other pillar of the sentence. The fact that maʿrifa a musnad ilayh receives the adjective, tawkīd, badal, ʿatf al-bayān, ʿatf al-nasaq and the tawābiʿ elements called separating pronoun adds a lot of eloquence to the sentence. In a sentence, musnad ilayh taking subordinate words or separating pronouns and not taking them are not the same thing. Although the tawābiʿ elements and the separating pronoun are not words that relate to the essence of the sentence, the fact that maʿrifa musnad ilayh takes them both makes the intent clear and understandable and adds a richness of meaning to the sentence with different semantic interpretations. Abū Yaʿḳūb al-Sakkākī states that if a maʿrifa is a musnad ilayh, the sentence is affected by emphatic meanings such as declaration, praising-dispraising, specialization and tawkīd. In case of falsification, erroneous assumption is avoided or the general meaning is indicated. It is explained more with ʿatf al-bayān and detailed with ʿatf al-nasaq, changing or declaring the provision. When it takes a badal, it is intended to further clarify and reinforce. In case of taking a separating pronoun, musnad is allocated to musnad ilayh. In this study, the elements of tawābiʿ that a maʿrifa musnad ilayh and the different eloquent and semantic interpretations of the separating pronoun in the syntax are discussed in the context of al-Sakkākī’s Miftāḥ al-ʿulūm. The fact that maʿrifa musnad ilayh takes tawābiʿ elements and separating pronoun depending on the caste changes the semantic dimension of the sentence. According to al-Sakkākī, the contextual reasons for musnad ilayh’s taking the elements of tawābiʿ are also emphasized.
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Luo, Yongxian. "Rethinking basic taste terms." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 10, no. 2 (2023): 422–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00107.luo.
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Abstract The general consensus about four basic tastes, sweet, bitter, sour and salty, is rooted in Aristotle’s writings. This inventory was expanded with the addition of umami (or savoury) in the early years of last century, a taste that wasn’t fully scientifically recognized until the mid-1980s. Work on this area of human cognition from various fields – psychology, physiology, chemistry and particularly food science – has led to new discoveries that allow us to have a better understanding of the mechanism of taste. However, linguistic work on this aspect of human perception is lacking. Questions remain to be asked as to the size of the vocabulary of basic tastes, and how language can reflect the organization of the taste domain. This paper proposes to look at basic tastes by examining Chinese historical texts with an aim to reveal how the ancient Chinese people classified and categorized tastes. It will be demonstrated that the Chinese concept of “taste” boasts a long history, going back to pre-historic times. The word for “taste”, 味 wèi, can also refer to “smell; flavour.” The term is primarily used as a category noun, which gets borrowed into Japanese to become the head element -mi of the compound word umami in Japanese. Significantly, a form with a similar sound shape, 美 měi, was found in ancient Chinese with the meaning “tasty”, an adjective describing the taste, flavour of fresh meat, akin to “savoury.” This indicates that we are dealing with a morphological process or doublet in this semantic field. It also indicates that the idea of “good taste, tasty, savoury” existed long before that of umami. Equally important is the form with related meaning, 鲜 xiān, which is made up of two graphic forms, “fish” （鱼） + “lamb” （羊）. This form etymologically denotes the flavour of fresh fish, now carrying the sense of “fresh, delicious, tasty, savoury” in Chinese, which further illustrates the point. Still another form, 旨 zhǐ “(n) good flavour; pleasant taste,” is the source of the meaning of umami, as defined in Japanese dictionaries. Several other tastes are also analysed. Their implications for the expansion of basic tastes are discussed. The connections between the taste domain and olfaction domain are explored, with insights from some neighbouring languages.
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CHEREVKO, Iryna. "NAMES OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL ACTS AND DOCUMENTS IN THE DICTIONARY OF THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE OF THE 16TH ‒ FIRST HALF OF THE 17TH CENTURIES." Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 37 (2023): 274–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2023-37-274-288.
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The article provides a linguistic analysis of the composition, semantics, origin, and the historical development of the terms used to denote the names of administrative and legal acts and documents in the Old Ukrainian language. The study was carried out on the basis of the «Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language of the 16th – First Half of the 17th Centuries». The Polish influence on the contemporary administrative and legal vocabulary, mainly represented in documentation, as well as in confessional, scientific, journalistic, and conversational styles, is traced. The phenomenon of polysemy and synonymy in the terminological system is revealed, and structural models of terminological compounds are also considered. It has been established that the names of administrative and legal acts and documents in the Old Ukrainian language are also terms-words that can be monosemous (интерцыза, контрактъ, инструкция etc.) and polysemous (записъ, мандатъ), and terminological phrases that are not characterized by polysemy. In addition to borrowed terms, lexemes of Slavic origin have also been recorded (листъ, записъ). A lot of nouns formed with the help of substantive-adjective phrases, in which nouns are the most active main words, have been recorded листъ (83), записъ (11), актъ (8). The order of words in terminological phrases can also be indirect, which gave us reason to single out inversion options (листъ веновный, вѣновный листъ; листъ вызнаный, вызнаный лист; запись продажный, продажный записъ etc.). Attention is also drawn to the fact that both words-terms and terminological phrases can enter into synonymous relations (контрактъ‒интерцыза; карта‒листъ; квитъ‒квитация‒записъ; записъ выдеркафовый‒ конътрактъ видеркафовый; квитовный записъ‒ квитовный листъ etc.). A morphological variant is also singled out квитъ ‒ квита. Having traced the historical development of the terms of the studied period, it was noted that most of them did not disappear from circulation, were replaced by orthographic or word-forming variants, but underwent mainly transformations of semantics, such as the expansion of the semantic structure, acquisition of additional meanings, narrowing of semantics, or disappeared from circulation, became obsolete and changed the scope of their use, living only in dialects or in colloquial style. Keywords: term, terminological combination, document, semantics, etymology, historical development, structure, system connections, style.
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Bobunova, Mariya A. "On the research potential of lexicographic complexes of folklore texts." Voprosy leksikografii, no. 28 (2023): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22274200/28/3.
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The article deals with the lexicographic complexes of folklore texts and their research potential. The structure of the complexes and the principles of their creation are described. Each component of the complex is briefly characterized: folklore megatext, alphabetical frequency glossary, word list and concordance. The folklore megatext is viewed as a unified text that combines specific passportized texts related by genre and spatiotemporal characteristics. The alphabetical frequency glossary includes all megatext lexemes, arranged in alphabetical order, indicating the frequency of each word. It is created by means of a special computer program NewSlov. The word list represents language units in a descending order of frequency, and the concordance is an alphabetical list of all the words of the folklore megatext with the contexts of their usage. The basis of the first complexes was the collection The Great Russian Folk Songs. The choice was due to the authority of the collection, in which the texts are systematized according to the topical principle and are accompanied by the indication of the territory and the time of their recording. With the complex “Voronezh” as an example, the author shows that each component of the complex has an independent research value for studying the language of folklore of a particular genre and region. She emphasizes that the availability of different complexes created by the same research team based on the same principles allows carrying out comparative studies to identify the genre and territorial specificity of the folklore language. Certain examples demonstrate the opportunities of a comparative analysis of word lists of different folklore genres (non-ritual lyrics, epics, fairy tales), individual word-formation families (with the root skor- and sovet-) and even specific lexemes (adjective khudoy). The author concludes that lexicographic complexes bear high research potential. They combine focus on each linguistic phenomenon with attention to all the material and turn out to be a reliable instrument for solving urgent issues of linguistic studies of folklore related to the specifics of the language of different genres of folklore, territorial differentiation and idiolectic nature of folk song language. In addition, lexicographic complexes become a certain platform for creating dictionaries of various types, among which the already tested experimental forms stand out: contrastive dictionaries and dictionaries of a single word. The prospects for further lexicographic work are outlined. They are connected with the expansion of the source base of complexes of folklore texts and the application of this idea in authorial lexicography. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
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Nadra, Nadra, Noviatri Noviatri, and Tiara Juwita. "Variasi bentuk dan pembeda makna gatra sifat yang bersinonim dalam bahasa Rejang isolek Talang Boseng." Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 8, no. 2 (2025): 521–38. https://doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v8i2.1175.
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This research aims to explain the form, semantic components, and distinguishing features of synonymous adjectives in the Rejang language, based on a study in Talang Boseng Village, Pondok Kelapa District, Central Bengkulu. A descriptive research design with a qualitative approach was employed. Data collection involved interview and observation methods. For data analysis, translational equivalence, distributional, and componential analysis methods were utilized. The distributional method was applied using substitution and expansion techniques. The findings reveal two forms of synonymous adjectives: word-to-word and word-to-phrase. The semantic components of these synonymous adjectives can be categorized into four groups: (1) tending to be similar, (2) tending to be different, (3) exactly the same, and (4) an equal number of similarities and differences. Nine factors differentiating the meanings of these synonymous adjectives were identified: (1) one is more general, (2) more intensive, (3) more emotive, (4) more professional, (5) encompasses acceptance and rejection, (6) more colloquial, (7) local or regional in nature, (8) differences in application, and (9) differences in implication. The distinctiveness of adjectives in the Talang Boseng isolect of the Rejang language is evident in the semantic differences arising from variations in application, which can be further subdivided into temporal and object applications.