To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Expansion of power generation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Expansion of power generation'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Expansion of power generation.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Kaymaz, Pinar Valenzuela Jorge F. "Electric power generation expansion in deregulated markets." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/Send%2002-04-08/KAYMAZ_PINAR_52.pdf.
Full text
2
Bouzguenda, Mounir. "Study of the combined cycle power plant as a generation expansion alternative." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101165.
Full textAbstract:
Analysis of future alternatives for US utilities is needed as a part of evaluating the impact of combined cycle and phased-construction of integrated coal gasifier power plants on generation expansion. The study encompassed both large and small electric utilities and long-run, least-cost expansion plan for the generating system and studies of the short-run production cost of electrical generation for selected years. The long-run studies were carried out using the Wien Automatic System Planning Package (WASP-II). The optimal combined cycle penetration level was determined for a set of assumptions that involve economics, new technology trends, and feasibility as well as the utility's existing capacity and load forecast. Additional cases were run to account for phased construction and coal gasification. Two electric utilities were selected in this study. These are a U.S. southeastern utility the Bangladesh Electric Utility. The former was chosen as the large utility. The latter was considered a small size utility. WASP-II enhancements enabled us to run cases using IBM-RT and to account for phased construction. The sensitivity studies involved the penetration levels, the fuel supply (oil and natural gas), and economic dispatch of coal gasifiers in particular, and combined cycle power plants in general. Load forecast, and availability of hydroelectric energy were kept uniform. However, adding new power plants and retiring old ones were considered to achieve a more economical and reliable planning strategy while considering issues of technical feasibility.M.S.
3
Rinaldy. "A technique to incorporate the impacts of demand side management on generation expansion planning." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40021.
Full text
4
Mitchell-Colgan, Elliott. "Modeling Considerations for the Long-Term Generation and Transmission Expansion Power System Planning Problem." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78068.
Full textAbstract:
Judicious Power System Planning ensures the adequacy of infrastructure to support continuous reliability and economy of power system operations. Planning processes have a long and rather successful history in the United States, but the recent infl‚ux of unpredictable, nondispatchable generation such as Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) necessitates the re-evaluation of the merit of planning methodologies in the changing power system context. Traditionally, planning has followed a logical progression through generation, transmission, reactive power, and finally auxiliary system planning using expertise and ranking schemes. However, it is challenging to incorporate all of the inherent dependencies between expansion candidates' system impacts using these schemes. Simulation based optimization provides a systematic way to explore acceptable expansion plans and choose one or several "best" plans while considering those complex dependencies.
Using optimization to solve the minimum-cost, reliability-constrained Generation and Transmission Expansion Problem (GTEP) is not a new concept, but the technology is not mature. This work inspects: load uncertainty modeling; sequential (GEP then TEP) versus unified (GTEP) models; and analyzes the impact on the methodologies achieved near-optimal plan. A sensitivity simulation on the original system and final, upgraded system is performed.Master of Science
5
Ng, Kwok-kei Simon. "A game-theoretic study of the strategic interaction between transmission and generation expansion planning in a restructured electricity market." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39343534.
Full text
6
FALEYE, OMOBOBOLA. "Modelling Demand Uncertainties in Generation-Transmission Expansion planning : A case study of the Nigerian Power System." Thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91523.
Full textAbstract:
The Nigerian power system is one plagued with incessant load shedding due to inadequate generation and transmission capacities. Currently, less than 40% of the population is connected to the national grid and less than 50% of the available installed capacity is actively used in meeting demand. A new wave of energy reforms is on-going in the nation. There are proposed generation and expansion plans. These reforms have only fully taken into consideration present demands and not future energy demands. This means that even with new plants and transmission lines being constructed; there may still be inefficient generation and transmission capacities due to demand increase. This thesis models the uncertain future demands in the integrated generation-transmission planning model. An optimal investment plan is found using the deterministic optimization model of integrated generationtransmission planning. A decision analysis method was initially used to study the introduction of uncertain demand into the deterministic model. Then, a two-stage stochastic model of the generation-transmission planning taking into account uncertainties in energy demand is developed using scenario-wise decomposition method. The demand was modelled as taking discrete values with certain probabilities. These models are mixed-integer linear programming problems. They are implemented in the GAMS platform and solved using the CPLEX solver. A stylized version of the Nigerian power system is developed and tested. A thorough analysis and comparison of results from the models were carried out using the developed version of the Nigerian transmission grid.
7
Ng, Kwok-kei Simon, and 吳國基. "A game-theoretic study of the strategic interaction between transmission and generation expansion planning in a restructuredelectricity market." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39343534.
Full text
8
Ramírez, Torrealba Pedro Javier. "The role of flexibility in generation expansion planning of power systems with a high degree of renewables & vehicle electrification." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/44125.
Full textAbstract:
Renewable energy is beginning to play a major role in the production of clean and inexhaustible energy to supply electricity demand and to hedge against the price volatility of natural gas and oil. However, renewables are expected to increase existing net-demand variability and unpredictability. This will mean that in order to maintain the balance between demand and supply, flexible generation or demand will have to modify their production or consumption at higher rates and frequencies for larger shares of renewables in order to accommodate such extensive and rapid changes as effectively and economically as possible. This thesis addresses the relevance of generation and demand flexibility for the future expansion of power systems that expect large contributions from renewable resources and high levels of vehicle electrification. A novel fully integrated large-scale mixed-integer linear generation expansion planning model was developed, which incorporates detailed modelling of generation and demand (specifically electric vehicles) flexibility characteristics. Computational tractability and efficiency of the model are achieved by clustering generation and flexible demand resources, which allows using integer instead of binary decision variables. The use of integer variables allows reducing the model size in terms of both decision variables and constraints, and also avoids non-linearities in the model formulation. Case studies on conventional generation flexibility show that total system costs are underestimated by up to 24% with a traditional generation expansion planning model when compared to the results obtained with the proposed model. In addition, the optimal generation mix calculated by the traditional model is not only infeasible in terms of security, but also inefficient for absorbing available renewable energy and much more expensive of operating. The case studies also show that reductions in the minimum stable generation, and improvements in ramping capability, reduce the curtailment of renewable energy by up to 73%, as well as the total system costs by up to 20%. The case studies on EV flexibility and its impact on generation expansion planning, on the other hand, show that if the flexibility potential of flexible EV is not utilized, the installed capacity can increase by up to 50%, the total system costs can rise in by to 18%, the level of renewables curtailment can become up to 69x bigger, and the average energy prices can climb by up to 18%, with respect to the case in which EV flexibility is fully utilized. Finally, the developed model is able to produce useful indicative energy planning results that can help regulators, system planners and analysts to design and assess the proper market conditions, energy policies, and incentives required to deliver secure, affordable, sustainable and less polluting power systems in the future.
9
Alraddadi, Musfer. "Toward Fully Renewable Power Systems in Regions with HighSolar Irradiation: Long-Term Planning and Operations." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1605791220407664.
Full text
10
Saeidpour, Parizy Ehsan. "Electrical Energy Retail Price Optimization for an Interconnected/Islanded Power Grid." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1512463830323059.
Full text
11
Schell, Kristen R. "Computational Models for Renewable Energy Target Achievement & Policy Analysis." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2016. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/735.
Full textAbstract:
To date, over 84% of countries worldwide have renewable energy targets (RET), requiring that a certain amount of electricity be produced from renewable sources by a target date. Despite the worldwide prevalence of these policies, little research has been conducted on ex-ante RET policy analysis. In an effort to move toward evidence-based policymaking, this thesis develops computational models to assess the tradeoffs associated with alternatives for both RET achievement and RET policy formulation, including the option of creating renewable energy credit (REC) markets to facilitate meeting an RET goal. A mixed integer linear program (MILP), a probabilistic cost prediction model and a mixed complementarity problem (MCP) serve as the theoretical bases for the RET alternative and policy formulation analyses. From these models it was found, inter alia, that RET goals set too low run the risk of creating technological lock-in and could inhibit achievement of higher goals; probabilistic cost predictions give decision-makers essential risk information, when cost estimation is an integral part of alternatives assessment; and though REC markets may facilitate RET achievement, including REC markets in an RET policy formulation may not result in the lowest possible greenhouse gas emissions (GHG).
12
Eriksson, Pernilla, and Martin Sundell. "EXPLORING MARKET FORCES FOR TRANSMISSION EXPANSION AND GRID STORAGE INTEGRATION : A technical-economic thesis about variation moderators for intermittent renewable power generation in the developed country of Sweden and the developing country of China." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-28560.
Full text
13
Tor, Osman Bulent. "Congestion-driven Transmission Planning Considering Incentives For Generator Investments." Phd thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609625/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis study focuses on transmission expansion planning (TEP) problem for restructured power systems and addresses challenges specifically in countries where electricity market is in developing phase after liberalization of power industry for establishing a competitive market, like Turkey. A novel multi-year TEP approach is developed which considers generation investment cost and transmission congestion level in the planning horizon. The model assesses the impact of generation investments on TEP problem. Benders decomposition methodology is utilized successfully to decompose the complex mixed-integer programming TEP problem into a master problem and two subproblems. Security subproblem assesses single-contingency criteria. Transmission congestion cost is considered within operational subproblem given that congestion level is a proper criterion for measuring competitiveness level of an electricity market. The proposed approach is applied to the Turkish power system.
The proposed approach could be utilized to provide indicative plans, which might be quite necessary particularly during development of a competitive market. However, there is no guarantee that independent power producers (IPPs) will follow those plans which concern the maximization of social-welfare. Given the necessity of coordinating monopoly transmission and decentralized generator investment decisions, the proposed approach is improved further to include promoting decentralized generator investments through incentive payments. Such incentives might be necessary to trigger IPPs earlier than their projections, as illustrated by numerical examples including IEEE 30-bus system.
14
Benitez, Elias Emanuel. "Algoritmo heurístico construtivo aplicado ao planejamento de redes aéreas de média tensão com a alocação de geração distribuída." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2017. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3403.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Miriam Lucas (miriam.lucas@unioeste.br) on 2018-02-22T17:03:28Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
Elias_Emanuel_Benitez_2017.pdf: 4075070 bytes, checksum: ce09c54d8b2b9dd647b8166881114648 (MD5)
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-22T17:03:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Elias_Emanuel_Benitez_2017.pdf: 4075070 bytes, checksum: ce09c54d8b2b9dd647b8166881114648 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-16
The solution to distribution networks expansion planning problem seeks to establish updates in the system so that it is able to supply the future demand obeying important criteria that represent the quality in the supply. Considering that in recent years the number of distributed generation connected to the system is increasing, contributing to the solution of some problems in the operation such as the high losses, the poor quality in the energy supplied, the low reliability that can be a reality, among others, this article presents a new algorithm to be applied to expansion planning of medium voltage overhead lines and which also has the ability to establish a plan for the connection of distributed generation in the network. Thus, the algorithm operates in two steps. In the first step of operation, a new topology is established for the network, which meets the future demand and respects the technical criteria that are necessary for electricity to be delivered to consumers with quality. In this process, the problem is represented by a nonlinear mathematical model whose objective function seeks to minimize the cost of network expansion and the constraints represent the physical laws that govern the power flow and ensure that future demand will be met with quality. In this operation step, the solution to the problem is constructed in an iterative way, where in each iteration a specialized sensitivity indicator uses the information obtained through the solution of the mathematical model to aid in decision making. This step of the algorithm ends when a radial topology for the system is determined. In the second step, the algorithm performs an evaluation in the established topology to indicate the capacity and the most interesting buses for connection of the Distributed Generation, seeking the best benefit for the operation of the network. In this process, the algorithm also takes advantage of the information obtained through the nonlinear mathematical model for the evaluation. Computacional tests with the new algorithm were performed considering data from systems available in the specialized literature to evaluate their performance. The results obtained through the simulations showed that the algorithm finds excellent solutions and a good convergence time.
A solução para o problema de Planejamento da Expansão de Redes de Distribuição busca por fazer atualizações no sistema para que este seja capaz de suprir a demanda futura obedecendo a critérios importantes que representam a qualidade do suprimento. Considerando que nos últimos anos o número de geração distribuída conectada ao sistema está aumentando, contribuindo para a solução de problemas que envolvem a operação do sistema, tais como, as perdas elétricas, a má qualidade da energia fornecida, a baixa confiabilidade, entre outros, este trabalho apresenta um novo algoritmo para ser aplicado ao problema de planejamento da expansão de linhas aéreas de média tensão e que também tem a capacidade de estabelecer um plano para a conexão de geração distribuída na rede. O algoritmo funciona em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa de execução, uma nova topologia radial é estabelecida para a rede, que atende a demanda futura e respeita os critérios técnicos necessários para que a eletricidade seja entregue aos consumidores com qualidade. Neste processo, o problema é representado por um modelo matemático não linear cuja função objetivo procura minimizar o custo de expansão da rede e as restrições representam as leis físicas que regem o fluxo de potência elétrica e garantem que a demanda futura seja atendida com qualidade, obedecendo aos limites de tensões estabelecidos para as barras e às capacidades de carregamento das linhas. Nesta etapa de execução, a solução do problema é construída de forma iterativa, onde em cada iteração um indicador de sensibilidade especializado usa a informação obtida através da solução do modelo matemático para auxiliar na tomada de decisão. Esta etapa do algoritmo termina quando uma topologia radial para o sistema é determinada. Na segunda etapa de execução, o algoritmo realiza uma avaliação na topologia estabelecida para indicar a capacidade da geração distribuída e a barra do sistema para sua conexão, buscando o melhor benefício para a operação da rede. Neste processo, o algoritmo também aproveita as informações obtidas através do modelo matemático não linear para esta avaliação. Testes computacionais com o novo algoritmo foram realizados considerando sistemas testes disponíveis na literatura especializada para avaliar o seu desempenho. Os resultados obtidos através das simulações mostraram que o algoritmo encontra excelentes soluções em tempos de convergência satisfatórios.
15
Mummey, Juliana Ferrari Chade. "Uma contribuição metodológica para a otimização da operação e expansão do sistema hidrotérmico brasileiro mediante a representação estocástica da geração eólica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/106/106131/tde-11072017-160542/.
Full textAbstract:
A participação da energia eólica na geração de energia elétrica tem apresentado incremento importante nos últimos anos e a tendência é de representar 11,6% da capacidade instalada brasileira em 2024, segundo a Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (EPE). Hoje, nos modelos de otimização para o despacho das usinas no atendimento da carga de energia do sistema, a energia eólica, assim como as pequenas centrais hidrelétricas e a energia a biomassa, são abatidas da carga de forma determinística, não representando a incerteza na produção dessas usinas. Dada a variabilidade na geração de energia eólica, devido às variações nas velocidades dos ventos e considerando o aumento da participação eólica na matriz de eletricidade brasileira, fato que realça a relevância da fonte, este trabalho desenvolve uma representação estocástica da geração eólica a partir de dados históricos reconstruídos de velocidades de vento de 16 coordenadas do Brasil, em especial das regiões Nordeste e Sul. Os valores de velocidade de vento são transformados em energia eólica através de curvas de potência de turbinas e as usinas eólicas são representadas como se fossem usinas hidráulicas a fio d água no modelo de otimização Newave. A representação do histórico de geração eólica é feita através de vazões nos rios, considerando-se também a expansão no horizonte até 2020. O trabalho tem como base os dados do Newave oficial de agosto de 2016. Com a simulação do modelo considerando-se as séries históricas e sintéticas, o trabalho simula o despacho das usinas, o comportamento dos custos marginais, verificando-se as diferenças no comportamento dessas variáveis quando se utiliza uma representação estocástica para a energia eólica, em comparação com a modelagem determinística utilizada hoje.Wind power has an increasing share of the Brazilian energy market and has the potential to represent 11.6% of the total capacity by 2024, according to Energy Research Company (EPE). The current optimization models, that dispatch power plants to meet demand, only optimize the demand using hydroelectric and thermal power plants. The remaining sources of generation including wind power, small hydroelectric plants and biomass plants, are not part of the optimization model and are included deterministically. There is variability in wind power generation because of wind speeds variations and considering the increase of the wind power share in the Brazilian electricity matrix, which stresses its importance, this work evaluates a stochastic representation for wind power generation through historical wind speed data of 16 coordinates from the Northeast and South of Brazil. It proposes to introduce wind power plants into the optimization model called Newave by proxy of run-of-river hydropower plants and their inflow. This study also considers wind power expansion in Brazil up to 2020 and the database is the official Newave as of August 2016. This work aims to verify the dispatches of the power plants and the marginal costs, considering the differences between the model used today and the stochastic model presented in the study.
16
Magalhães, Cecilia Helena Negri de. "Recursos operativos no planejamento de expansão de sistemas de potência." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-01062009-162542/.
Full textAbstract:
O requisito de continuidade de fornecimento de energia elétrica tem sido crescente na medida em que a sociedade de modo geral e os processos industriais em particular apresentam forte dependência desse insumo que assegura a todos satisfação e conforto. O consumidor é um agente econômico e ele faz parte do sistema elétrico (carga). No âmbito da análise de sistemas de potência são abordados temas, desde modelos de representação da rede e da carga até conceitos de custo da continuidade e técnicas de otimização da aplicação de investimentos para priorizar aqueles que trazem maior benefício tanto para o consumidor como para o controlador da concessão. No entanto, as técnicas usuais e convencionais de Planejamento podem conduzir a soluções pouco econômicas, porquanto consideram apenas a otimização dos investimentos em obras, ou seja, reforços da rede para atender a condição normal e em emergência (critério n-1), respeitando, naturalmente, critérios técnicos (limites de tensão, sobrecargas etc). Não raro estas instalações recomendadas pela técnica convencional serem utilizadas apenas em algumas contingências, algumas com baixa probabilidade de ocorrência. Esta pesquisa desenvolve como alternativa às soluções convencionais, um modelo que considera a otimização dos investimentos, lançando mão de recursos operativos como: corte de carga, despacho ou modificações topológicas por meio de chaveamentos, quando operando em contingência. O modelo proposto prevê que a representação da geração inclua funções que relacionam a intensidade de despacho com seus custos, bem como funções que associam custo à intensidade e duração do corte de carga a cada barra do sistema. O modelo também permite a reconfiguração da rede quando operando em contingências, por meio de alterações do estado das chaves, mudando a topologia. As funções de custo do corte de carga também são modeladas neste trabalho, considerando métodos analíticos e agregados para o cálculo do prejuízo sócio-econômico resultante da interrupção. A busca da solução ótima, que pode envolver corte de carga, despachos de geração e reconfiguração da rede, substituindo reforços realizados por obra, é obtida por um algoritmo genético evolutivo. Os procedimentos do modelo proposto representam um avanço do processo de planejamento convencional, porquanto introduz a componente continuidade de serviço de forma quantitativa, caracterizando o atendimento dos requisitos de sensibilidade das cargas de cada barra do sistema, lançando mão de recursos operativos, através de possíveis despachos e alterações topológicas. Um estudo de caso ilustra a aplicação do modelo proposto.The need for reliable electrical energy supply continuity, the industrial demand and its dependence has been growing worldwide. Besides, it also concerns society and assures satisfaction and comfort of consumers. The consumer is the economic agent since he takes part in the system. On analyzing an electrical system, models are needed to represent the network and the load and optimization frameworks in order to make better investments and prioritize those which can benefit the consumer and the concession holder. The usual Planning Models commonly provide us with uneconomical solutions since the optimization is carried out through active investments or network reinforcements to attend the normal and the emergency condition (n-1 criteria), based on technical criteria, like voltage and overload . Frequently, these techniques recommended by the conventional analysis can be applied only in some contingencies, some of them with a small probability of occurrence.. This research develops an alternative to the conventional solutions, considering the investment optimization and using operative resources, such as: load shedding, generation rescheduling or network change operation (circuit breaker, e.g.) when operating in contingency. In this model, the generation is represented by a function that relates the intensity rescheduling and its costs and functions that relates load shedding cost, the intensity and duration of curtailment on each system bus. The model sets a network contingency reconfiguration, changing the circuit break situation (open or closed) and altering the topology. The calculation of cost of load discontinuity or social cost functions (damage cost) is shown in this thesis, considering analytical and aggregating methods. The search for an optimized solution can involve load shedding, generation rescheduling and topology changes as substitutes for network reinforcements, and may be obtained by genetic- evolutive algorithm. The procedures of the proposed model represent an advancement over the conventional Planning Process as it introduces, quantitatively, the consumer service continuity, meeting the sensibility criteria of the load characterization of each consumer class connected to the system bus, through operative resources, rescheduling, load shedding and topology changes. A case study illustrates the application of the proposed model.
17
Gomes, Rafael de Oliveira. "Estudo do impacto da incorporação de usinas hidrelétricas a fio d’água no sistema interligado nacional." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2012. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/4145.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-04-20T19:23:49Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
rafaeldeoliveiragomes.pdf: 1378975 bytes, checksum: acfbbb683eac1c9cda51ec90f2c5c8a6 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-04-24T16:51:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaeldeoliveiragomes.pdf: 1378975 bytes, checksum: acfbbb683eac1c9cda51ec90f2c5c8a6 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T16:51:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaeldeoliveiragomes.pdf: 1378975 bytes, checksum: acfbbb683eac1c9cda51ec90f2c5c8a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-02
O Plano Decenal de Expansão de Energia (EPE, 2010) apresenta a expansão da oferta (ainda não contratada) 100% atrelada à geração de energia baseada em fontes renováveis: hidrelétricas, eólicas e termelétricas com queima de biomassa. O incentivo a uma maior participação de fontes renováveis na matriz energética é uma atitude louvável do governo brasileiro que, de alguma forma, tenta minimizar a expansão contratada nos leilões de energia nova até o ano de 2008, fortemente baseada em termelétricas a óleo combustível. A maioria das hidrelétricas viáveis para o período está localizada na Região Amazônica e devido a restrições socioambientais não há previsão de implantação de usinas com reservatórios de regularização das vazões afluentes. A maior participação de hidrelétricas de grande porte sem reservatórios implica em consequências diversas para a operação do Sistema Interligado Nacional (SIN), tais como: menor manobra para controle de cheias; maior exigência dos reservatórios; e maior despacho termelétrico para atender às exigências sazonais da carga. Além disso, impactos comerciais podem ser vislumbrados, como maior volatilidade do Preço de Liquidação de Diferenças, aumento dos riscos hidrológicos de usinas participantes do MRE e maior despacho de usinas termelétricas por ordem de mérito econômico. O presente trabalho analisa problemas como a diminuição da capacidade de regularização plurianual dos reservatórios e a necessidade do aumento da participação térmica a fim de conservar a segurança energética do SIN. Utiliza o modelo NEWAVE para examinar diversos cenários de vazões afluentes, baseadas em séries hidrológicas históricas e sintéticas, analisando panoramas futuros e desdobramentos do mercado de energia. Ademais, realiza estudos quanto à opção da expansão da oferta de energia por grandes hidrelétricas a fio d’água em detrimento de usinas com reservatórios de regularização, para isso realiza simulações modificando as características físicas da UHE Jirau de forma a comparar os resultados entre as alternativas.
The Ten-year Plan for Expansion of Energy (EPE, 2010) presents the expansion of offer (not auctioned) 100% tied to power generation based on renewable sources: hydro, wind and thermal power plants with biomass burning. Encouraging greater participation in renewable energy sources is a commendable attitude of the Brazilian government that somehow tries to minimize the expansion contracted in the auctions of new energy by the year 2008, based heavily on fuel oil fired plants. Most hydroelectric ventures considered viable for the period is located in the Amazon region and due to social and environmental restrictions there is no provision for deployment of power plants with reservoirs of regularization of inflows. The high participation of large hydroelectric without reservoirs implies in several consequences for the operation of the National Interconnected System (SIN), such as reduced availability of maneuvers for flood control; a higher demand of the existing reservoirs; and order more frequently thermoelectric power plants to achieve the seasonal demands of the load. Moreover, trade impacts can be envisioned, such as increased volatility of the Settlement Price Differences, increased risks of hydrological plants participating in the MRE and higher order of power plants in order of economic merit. This paper analyzes problems such as decreased ability to multi-annual adjustment of the reservoirs and the need for increased participation in order to conserve thermal energy security of the SIN. Uses NEWAVE model to examine different scenarios of inflows based on historical hydrological series and synthetic overviews analyzing future market developments and energy. Moreover, studies carried out on the option of expanding the supply of energy by large dams to trickle over plants with reservoirs of regularization, for it carries out simulations by modifying the physical characteristics of UHE Jirau in order to compare the results among the alternatives.
18
Nanduri, Vishnuteja. "Generation capacity expansion in restructured energy markets." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003031.
Full text
19
Gadzanku, Sika. "Evaluating electricity generation expansion planning in Ghana." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122096.
Full textAbstract:
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2019
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 157-166).
Ghana, a West African nation of 28 million people, provides an interesting case study on the interaction between power supply and politics in emerging economies. From 2012-2016, due to security of supply issues around hydro and fuel supplies, Ghana experienced the worst power crisis in its history with regular rolling blackouts. Rural and low-income urban areas and businesses were especially affected, and public discontent was palpable. The government's response was a reactive approach to generation expansion planning, focused on increasing supply. Power generation was opened up to the private sector and emergency power plants were procured. 93 percent of capacity installed during this post-crisis period was thermal generation, which increased dependence on natural gas and crude oil. Overall, this power crisis highlighted the cost of overlooking reliability and an undiversified generation mix.
I adapted a modeling framework to study Ghana's power generation system and I use a bottom-up capacity expansion and economic dispatch model to explore generation expansion pathways in the country under different settings, with the goal of providing insights into Ghana's capacity expansion decisions and identifying strategies that can help ensure better reliability and resiliency. Secondly, I use qualitative methods to evaluate Ghana's electricity infrastructure project financing framework to discuss how project financing shapes technology choices. I then explore potential policy and legal instruments that could support more robust systems planning in Ghana's electricity generation sector. Results reveal that a future power crisis is very likely given the high sensitivity of system reliability and resilience to natural gas and crude oil supply, global energy prices and transmission constraints.
Strategies that could help avoid a future crisis include diversifying the generation mix, adding flexible generation (such as pumped hydro) to the mix, increasing transmission, and increasing the stability of fuel supply. This requires a holistic and coordinated approach to electricity planning between financial, technical, technological and political actors in the power generation sector.
by Sika Gadzanku.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.inTechnologyandPolicy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society
20
Enge, Thomas. "Power generation assets." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16223.
Full textAbstract:
Wir betrachten die Einsatzplanung (Unit Commitment Problem) für ein thermisches Kraftwerk mit zusätzlicher Energienebenbedingung. Dazu definieren wir ein stochastisches dynamisches Programm (SDP)mit stetigem Zustandsraum und integriertem gemischt-ganzzahligem Programm (MIP). Wir stellen einen effizienten Algorithmus vor zur Lösung des MIP über eine Matrixmultiplikation und verwenden eine Hauptkomponentenanalyse zur Reduzierung der Dimension des Preisvektors. Außerdem liefern wir zum Vergleich des SDP eine vereinfachte Regel zur Energieallokation. Zur Beurteilung der Güte der Ergbnisse betrachten wir als nächstes obere Grenzen. Für eine vereinfachte Modellierung des Kraftwerks als Swing Option mit Mehrfachausübung auf derselben Stufe bestimmen wir formal eine solche obere Grenze. Abschließend untersuchen wir Strategien zur Vermeidung des Spotpreisrisikos, dem das Kraftwerk aufgrund der Nichtspeicherbarkeit von Strom besonders ausgesetzt ist. Zunächst konzentrieren wir uns auf die Messung des Spotpreisrisikos und stellen drei neue Maße vor (Forward Delta, Synthetisches Spot Delta und Earnings-at-Risk). Danach präsentieren wir Strategien zur Risikoreduzierung vor und während der Lieferperiode. Im zweiten Fall wird versucht, durch einen neuen Produktionsplan das Risiko mehr als den Gewinn zu senken. Wir schlagen dazu einen Referenzwert vor, den wir EaR-effizienten Optionswert nennen und in eine neue Erzeugungspolitik basierend auf Quantil-Regression einfließt. Die Politik beschreibt ein Preisband innerhalb dessen ein beobachteter Preis zur Ausübung eines Swing-Rechts führt. Für den Fall der amerikanischen Option können wir EaR-Effizienz mit dieser Strategie nachweisen. Abschließend betrachten wir die Absicherung des Kraftwerks vor der Lieferung durch gezielten Verkauf einer Swing Option. Wir stellen eine Heuristik basierend auf unserem synthetischen Spot Delta vor, um Swinghöhe und –anzahl effizient zu finden.We define a new not yet investigated unit commitment problem that introduces an energy constraint to a thermal power plant. We define a stochastic dynamic program with continuous state space and nested mixed integer program (MIP). We introduce a fast implementation approach by replacing the MIP with an efficient matrix calculation and use principal component analysis to reduce the dimension of the price vector. We also provide a fast heuristic valuation approach for comparison. We investigate the theory of upper bounds for a proper validation of our power plant results. In particular we provide an extension for swing options with multiple exercises at the same stage. Finally we provide a risk analysis for our thermal power plant. In particular we investigate strategies to reduce the spot price risk to which power plants are significantly exposed. First, we focus on the measurement of spot price risk and propose three appropriate risk figures (Forward delta, synthetic spot delta and Earnings-at-Risk ). Second we suggest risk mitigation strategies for both periods, before and in delivery. The latter tries to alter the dispatch policy i.e. pick less risky hours and accept a (desirably only slightly) smaller return. We introduce a benchmark that we will call EaR-efficient option value. We propose a mitigation strategy for this benchmark that is based on quantile regression. It defines a price interval for executing an individual swing right and is therefore very well suited for real world applications. In case of an American option we are able to show EaR-efficiency of our strategy. Finally, we investigate hedging strategies before delivery. In particular, we look at a hedge for the spot price risk of the power plant using a swing option. We propose a heuristic based on our synthetic spot deltas to find the swing number and size of the swing option for a given upper generation amount.
21
Sag, Jan Jack. "Simulation of Hydro Power Expansion in Skellefteälven." Thesis, KTH, Optimeringslära och systemteori, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229972.
Full textAbstract:
The aim with this project is to examine how an expansion of the Swedish hydro power capacity in Skellefte¨alven, a river in Northern Sweden, could benefit the power system such that bottlenecks are eliminated. The project also examines how a future need for additional power can be met. The results support an expansion of hydro power, partly to meet an increased power demand and partly to eliminate bottlenecks which would promote an optimal run. The report does not contain any economical aspects that would occur in an expansion. This project is a part of a project from North European Energy Perspective project, www.nepp.se.Målet med projektet är att undersöka vinster vid en eventuell utbyggnad av vattenkraftverken i Skellefteälven på sådant sätt att flaskhalsar elimineras. I arbetet analyseras även hur ett framtida ökat effektbehov kan bemötas. Resultaten visar ett stöd för en utbyggnad av vattenkraftverk, dels för att kunna möta ett ökat effektbehov och dels för att eliminerade flaskhalsar främjar en optimal körning. Rapporten innehåller inte de ekonomiska aspekter som skulle uppkomma vid en utbyggnad. Detta är en del av ett större projekt inom North European Energy Perspective, www.nepp.se.
22
Navarrete, Pablo-Romero Javier. "Power Quality for Distributed Wind Power Generation." Thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-105221.
Full textAbstract:
Wind power often is a source of voltage fluctuations and possible voltage issues are raised when considering interconnecting wind turbines to an electric grid. Also, the power electronics introduced in the wind turbines might insert more fluctuations and different PQ problems. Distributed generation seems to be a good option in order to try to mitigate these problems. The first goal of the work is to create a model of a small electric grid, using MATLAB/Simulink. The models aims to simulate various DFIG wind turbines coupled to the grid in different conditions of location and wind. Then, the main objective is to analyze the PQ in the grid with this type of turbine. For this, once the simulations have been done, the results obtained have allowed calculating different indices to study PQ in the model. Afterwards, a comparison of those indices in the different conditions is made.StandUp
23
SOARES, LEONARDO BRAGA. "POWER GENERATION INVESTMENTS SELECTION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11951@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A reestruturação do setor de energia elétrica, iniciada nos anos 90, teve como uma de suas principais implicações a introdução da competição na atividade de geração. A expansão do parque gerador, necessária para garantir o equilíbrio estrutural entre oferta e demanda, é estimulada por contratos de longo prazo negociados em leilões, na modalidade de menor tarifa. Destarte, o investidor deve oferecer um limite de preço para que o seu projeto seja competitivo (de forma a ganhar a licitação), mas que ao mesmo tempo seja suficiente para remunerar seu investimento, custos de operação e, sobretudo, protegê-lo contra todos os riscos intrínsecos ao projeto. Nesse contexto, as duas principais contribuições do presente trabalho são: (i) a proposição de uma metodologia de precificação de riscos, utilizando o critério do Value at Risk (VaR), que indica a máxima perda admitida pelo invetidor avesso a risco, com um determinado nível de confiança, e (ii) a aplicação de diferentes modelos de seleção de carteiras, que incorporam o critério do VaR para otimizar um portfolio com diferentes tecnologias de geração de energia. Os resultados da precificação de riscos são úteis para determinar os componentes críticos do projeto e calcular a competitividade (preço) de cada tecnologia. A aplicação de diferentes métodos de seleção de carteiras busca determinar o modelo mais indicado para o perfil das distribuições de retorno dos projetos de geração, que apresentam assimetria e curtose elevada (caldas pesadas).
The new structure of the brazilian electric sector, consolidated by the end of the 90s main implication the introduction of competition in the power generation activity. The expansion of generation capacity, responsible to ensure structural equilibrium between supply and demand, is stimulated by long-term contracts negotiated through energy auctions. Therefore, the investor must give a competitive price (in order to win the auction), but also sufficient to pay his investment, operational costs and, especially, protect him against all project risks. In this role, the two main contributions of this work are: (i) to suggest a methodology of risk pricing, using the Value at Risk (VaR) criterium, which gives the maximum loss admitted by the risk averse investor, with a specified confidence level, and (ii) to apply different portfolio selection models, which incorporates the VaR criterium to optimize a portfolio with different power generation technologies. The risk pricing results are usefull to determine the project critical components and to calculate the competitiviness (price) of each technology. The study of different portfolio selection methods aims to investigate the most suitable model for the return distribution shape, characterized by having assimetry and curtosis (heavy tails).
24
Fucetola, Jay J. "Mesofluidic magnetohydrodynamic power generation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74463.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-162).
Much of the previous research into magnetohydrodynamics has involved large-scale systems. This thesis explores the miniaturization and use of devices to convert the power dissipated within an expanding gas flow into electricity. Specific properties, such as high surface tension, allow for unique possibilities in the design of such devices. The material covered includes a brief derivation of the theory describing steady well-developed MHD flows within circular and rectangular channels. Numerical simulations are used to elucidate the relationships derived theoretically and to enable future design without the reliance upon such simulation. Fabricated devices are experimentally observed to determine the agreement with the modeled behavior. Finally, a design is proposed that is predicted to be a viable generator as well as a means for further examining the unanswered questions raised by the research performed in this thesis.
by Jay J. Fucetola.
S.M.
25
Chou, Paul L. (Paul Lee). "Low power ROM generation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40995.
Full text
26
Anderson, Guy Stewart. "Managing nuclear power generation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2004. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.647092.
Full text
27
Jia, Jundi. "Transmission Expansion Planning in Large Power SystemsUsing Power System Equivalencing Techniques." Thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-149679.
Full textAbstract:
With an increasing demand for electric power, new transmission lines should be constructed with a rational plan in the long run to guarantee a reliable and economic operation. The transmission expansion planning (TEP) is a mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) optimization problem in nature, which requires tremendous computational efforts especially when it comes to a large-scale power system. Although a diversity of simplifications and computational techniques has been applied to TEP, it is still challenging to derive an optimal plan within little simulation time. Since equivalencing technique is able to reduce the size of a large-scale power system and help achieve remarkable computational performance, it is possibly effective and efficient to handle the intrinsic complexity of TEP problem. In this thesis, based on a detailed literature review, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) approach in DC model is firstly formulated for a dynamic TEP problem considering N – 1 security criterion. Then, two traditional power flow based equivalencing techniques that are appropriate for simplifying TEP, REI and WARD, with necessary modifications, are respectively implemented in the initial TEP problem. The proposed algorithms are simulated on IEEE 24-bus reliability test system (RTS) to compare optimal plans between the original and equivalent system. Further assumptions and adjustments are searched and tested to get more accurate optimal plans. The results show that both modified equivalencing techniques can significantly decrease the simulation time. Regarding IEEE 24-bus RTS, the proposed algorithm for modified REI method can achieve relatively precise optimal plan with few errors while modified WARD method is not as good as modified REI method. Therefore, the modified REI method has a potential to be implemented in TEP problem to reduce the complexity and computational effort for large power system without jeopardizing accuracy. Further studies are needed to tune the modified REI method and revise the obtained optimal plan.
28
ALMEIDA, JERSON ERASMO LEON. "TRANSMISSION EXPANSION PLANNING CONSIDERING THE INTERMITTENCY OF WIND GENERATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=32774@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
O planejamento da expansão da transmissão (PET) visa identificar os novos reforços a serem implementados na rede do sistema elétrico de potência, necessá-rios para assegurar uma adequada interligação entre a demanda e a geração do sistema, ambas previstas para o horizonte de planejamento. Um bom plano de expansão deve garantir o equilíbrio entre os custos de investimento e operação, mantendo um nível satisfatório de continuidade no fornecimento de energia. En-tretanto, a identificação de boas soluções para o PET tem se tornado uma tarefa cada vez mais difícil. Isso se deve, principalmente, às características e dimensões dos sistemas atuais, incluindo o aumento na dependência de fontes renováveis, e à não linearidade e natureza combinatória do problema de otimização. Nesta dissertação é proposta uma nova metodologia para resolver o proble-ma PET com alta penetração de energia renovável, em particular a eólica. A me-todologia é baseada na aplicação de uma nova ferramenta de otimização para so-lução do PET estático, a qual é classificada como metaheurística construtiva, onde soluções viáveis de boa qualidade são paralelamente construídas a partir da topo-logia inicial, por meio de adições graduais de reforços mais atrativos para a rede. Outras heurísticas são também utilizadas. Ênfase é dada à modelagem de cenários de geração eólica, que representam a energia renovável da rede a ser planejada, a qual deverá permitir uma operação flexível e adaptada à intermitência destas fon-tes. São utilizados o critério de segurança N-1 e o modelo linear DC de rede, com a consideração de perdas ôhmicas. Uma variante do sistema IEEE RTS, com inserção de fontes eólicas, é utilizada para testar a metodologia proposta.
Transmission expansion planning (TEP) aims to identify the new reinforce-ments to be installed in the electric power system, necessary to ensure an adequate interconnection between demand and generation of the system, both foreseen for the planning horizon. A good expansion plan should ensure a balance between investment and operating costs, while maintaining a satisfactory level of continui-ty in the energy supply. However, identifying good expansion solutions for TEP has become an increasingly difficult task. This is mainly due to the characteristics and dimensions of the current systems, including the increase in the dependence of renewable sources, and the nonlinearity and combinatorial nature of the optimi-zation problem. In this dissertation, a new methodology is proposed to solve the TEP prob-lem with high penetration of renewable energy, in particular wind power. The methodology is based on the application of a new optimization tool for static TEP solution, which is classified as a constructive metaheuristic, where feasible solu-tions of good quality are simultaneously constructed from the initial topology of the network, through incremental additions of reinforcements more attractive to the grid. Other heuristics are also used. Emphasis is given to the modeling of wind power scenarios, which represent the renewable energy of the network to be planned, which should allow a flexible operation and adapted to the intermittency of these sources. The security criterion N-1 and the linear DC network model are used, with the consideration of ohmic losses. A variant of the IEEE RTS sys-tem, with insertion of wind sources, is used to test the proposed methodology.
29
Yuan, Chenchen. "Optimal generation expansion planning for a low carbon future." Thesis, University of Bath, 2013. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.604882.
Full textAbstract:
Due to energy scarcity coupled with environment issues, it is likely to see the biggest shift in generation portfolio in the UK and world wide, stimulated by various governmental incentives policies for promoting renewable generation and reducing emission. The generation expansion in the future will be driven by not only peak demand growth but also emission reduction target. Thus, the traditional generation expansion planning (GEP) model has to be improved to reflect this change against the new environment. The policy makers need a better assessment tool to facilitate the new environment, so they can make appropriate policies for promoting renewable generation and emission reduction, and guide the generation mix to evolve appropriately over time. Since the expansion of new generation capacities is highly capital intensive, it makes the improvement of GEP quite urgent and important. The thesis proposes the GEP modelling improvement works from the following aspects: • Integrating short-term emission cost, unit commitment constraints in an emission target constrained GEP model. • Including the network transmission constraints and generation location optimization in an emission constrained GEP. • Investigating the impacts of multi-stage emission targets setting on an emission constrained GEP problem and its overall expansion cost. • Incorporating the uncertain renewable generation expansion and short-term DSR into the GEP problem and find out its potential contributions to the GEP problem. A real case study is made to determine the optimal generation mix of the Great Britain in 2020 in order to meet the 2020 emission reduction target. Different optimal generation mixes of the UK in 2020 are identified under a series of scenarios. The scenarios are constructed according to different GB network transmission capacity hypotheses and demand side response (DSR) level scenarios.
30
Guilmineau, Justine Valérie Magali. "Study of a generation capacity expansion on an island." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287354.
Full textAbstract:
The study carried out in this master thesis is part of a larger project led by Energynautics GmbH focusing on renewable energy development in the Caribbean. One of the Caribbean states, consisting of multiple islands, has set a target of 30 % of renewable energy in the power sector by 2030. The first objective of the thesis is to develop optimal generation capacity expansion plans for two different islands of this country, utilizing solar PV generation, which is the only available renewable energy resource. To achieve this objective, three main tasks are identified. The first is the development of an optimal generation capacity expansion plan for the next three years using the optimization tool HOMER Energy. At the beginning only diesel generation is present on the islands. For each study case year, the installed capacity of PV and BESS is optimized and enabling technologies such as curtailment (controllability of PV) and grid-forming inverters are deployed. The second task focuses on the development of a new dispatch strategy, improving on the black box dispatch algorithms built into HOMER. The dispatch strategy minimises the cost of electricity generation and is based on a rolling 48 hours forecasts of the load and PV. It is implemented in MATLAB and linked to HOMER via the built-in MATLAB interface. As HOMER is focused on generation expansion and dispatch and inherently neglects the grid, a grid study is required to assess the stability of the network. This study is the last task of the thesis and is limited to determined steady-state voltage and the asset loading on one of the studied islands through load flow simulations in DIgSILENT PowerFactory. It is shown that there are no major issues even at high PV shares, however, grid performance can be improved if the PV unit is equipped with reactive power capability to control the voltage. A study on the impact of the Q(U)- control and the PQ-capability of the PV and BESS inverters is performed.Studien som genomförts i detta examensarbete är en del av ett större projekt vilket leds av Energynautics GmbH med fokus på utveckling av förnybar energi i Karibien. En av de Karibiska staterna, bestående av flera öar, har ett mål på 30 % förnybar energi i elkraftssektorn innan 2030. Första syftet med examensarbetet är att utveckla optimala utbyggnadsplaner för produktionskapaciteten för två olika öar i detta land, med användning av solcellsproduktion, vilket är den enda tillgängliga förnybara energikällan. Den första uppgiften är utvecklingen av en optimal utbyggnadsplan för produktionskapaciteten för de kommande tre åren med optimeringsverktyget HOMER Energy. Från början fanns det bara dieselgeneratorer på öarna. För varje studerat år optimeras den installerade kapaciteten av PV och BESS samt aktivering av möjliggörande teknologier som begränsning av PV-produktion och grid-forming växelriktare. Den andra uppgiften fokuserar på utvecklingen av en ny driftsstrategi, förbättring av den basala driftsalgoritm som är inbyggd i HOMER. Driftsstrategin minimerar kostnaden av elproduktionen och är baserad på en 48 timmars prognos av laster och PV. Den är implementerad i MATLAB och kopplad till HOMER via det inbyggda MATLABgränssnittet. Eftersom HOMER fokuserar på produktionsutbyggnad och drift och i praktiken försummar elnätet, krävs en studie av elnätet för att utvärdera stabiliteten av elnätet. Studien av denna sista uppgift i examensarbetet är begränsad till att bestämma spänningen vid jämnviktsläge och den utvärderade lasten på en av de studerade öarna genom belastningsfördelningsberäkning i DIgSILENT PowerFactory. Det visade sig att det inte fanns några stora problem även med stora andelar PV, men elnätets prestanda kan förbättras om PV-omriktarna är utrustade med reaktiv effektstyrning som kontrollerar spänningen. En studie avinverkan från Q(U)-styrning och PQ-kapacitet av PV- och BESS-växelriktare har utförts.
31
Arunachalam, Suresh. "Expansion of an existing power system - a study." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : University of Missouri--Rolla, 1989. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Arunachalam_09007dcc805881ce.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Rolla, 1989.Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed October 7, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 89).
32
Montenegro, León Alejandro. "Advanced power electronic for wind-power generation buffering." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0010112.
Full text
33
Al-Anfaji, Ahmed Suaal Bashar. "The optimization of combined power-power generation cycles." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/15485.
Full textAbstract:
An investigation into the performance of several combined gas-steam power generating plants’ cycles was undertaken at the School of Engineering and Technology at the University of Hertfordshire and it is predominantly analytical in nature. The investigation covered in principle the aspect of the fundamentals and the performance parameters of the following cycles: gas turbine, steam turbine, ammonia-water, partial oxidation and the absorption chiller. Complete thermal analysis of the individual cycles was undertaken initially. Subsequently, these were linked to generate a comprehensive computer model which was employed to predict the performance and characteristics of the optimized combination. The developed model was run using various input parameters to test the performance of the cycle’s combination with respect to the combined cycle’s efficiency, power output, specific fuel consumption and the temperature of the stack gases. In addition, the impact of the optimized cycles on the generation of CO2 and NOX was also investigated. This research goes over the thermal power stations of which most of the world electrical energy is currently generated by. Through which, to meet the increase in the electricity consumption and the environmental pollution associated with its production as well as the limitation of the natural hydrocarbon resources necessitated. By making use of the progressive increase of high temperature gases in recent decades, the advent of high temperature material and the use of large compression ratios and generating electricity from high temperature of gas turbine discharge, which is otherwise lost to the environment, a better electrical power is generated by such plant, which depends on a variety of influencing factors. This thesis deals with an investigation undertaken to optimize the performance of the combined Brayton-Rankine power cycles' performance. This work includes a comprehensive review of the previous work reported in the literature on the combined cycles is presented. An evaluation of the performance of combined cycle power plant and its enhancements is detailed to provide: A full understanding of the operational behaviour of the combined power plants, and demonstration of the relevance between power generations and environmental impact. A basic analytical model was constructed for the combined gas (Brayton) and the steam (Rankine) and used in a parametric study to reveal the optimization parameters, and its results were discussed. The role of the parameters of each cycle on the overall performance of the combined power cycle is revealed by assessing the effect of the operating parameters in each individual cycle on the performance of the CCPP. P impacts on the environment were assessed through changes in the fuel consumption and the temperature of stack gases. A comprehensive and detailed analytical model was created for the operation of hypothetical combined cycle power and power plant. Details of the operation of each component in the cycle was modelled and integrated in the overall all combined cycle/plant operation. The cycle/plant simulation and matching as well as the modelling results and their analysis were presented. Two advanced configurations of gas turbine cycle for the combined cycle power plants are selected, investigated, modelled and optimized as a part of combined cycle power plant. Both configurations work on fuel rich combustion, therefore, the combustor model for rich fuel atmosphere was established. Additionally, models were created for the other components of the turbine which work on the same gases. Another model was created for the components of two configurations of ammonia water mixture (kalina) cycle. As integrated to the combined cycle power plant, the optimization strategy considered for these configurations is for them to be powered by the exhaust gases from either the gas turbine or the gases leaving the Rankine boiler (HRSG). This included ChGT regarding its performance and its environmental characteristics. The previously considered combined configuration is integrated by as single and double effect configurations of an ammonia water absorption cooling system (AWACS) for compressor inlet air cooling. Both were investigated and designed for optimizing the triple combination power cycle described above. During this research, tens of functions were constructed using VBA to look up tables linked to either estimating fluids' thermodynamic properties, or to determine a number of parameters regarding the performance of several components. New and very interesting results were obtained, which show the impact of the input parameters of the individual cycles on the performance parameters of a certain combined plant’s cycle. The optimized parameters are of a great practical influence on the application and running condition of the real combined plants. Such influence manifested itself in higher rate of heat recovery, higher combined plant thermal efficiency from those of the individual plants, less harmful emission, better fuel economy and higher power output. Lastly, it could be claimed that various concluding remarks drawn from the current study could help to improve the understanding of the behaviour of the combined cycle and help power plant designers to reduce the time, effort and cost of prototyping.
34
Rosas, Espejel Juventino Delfino. "RF to DC power generation." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/176.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2003.Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
35
Greenhalgh, Daniel. "Aerostat for electric power generation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/415870/.
Full textAbstract:
Solar power is one source of renewable energy that is well established but, in the UK, expensive per kilowatt due to low levels of insolation caused by cloud cover. To over- come the limitations of cloud cover, an aerostat for electrical power generation has been proposed in literature. The aerostat would float at an altitude of six kilometres, above the majority of cloud cover, and can receive around 3.3 times the annual insolation of a ground based system in the UK. The aim of this work is to further demonstrate the feasibility of such an aerostat concept. This is achieved by considering three areas of study: the solar array shape, the control system and the thermal analysis. The analysis of the solar array compares two configurations, a spherical cap and a stepped array, in terms of size, mass, power production and sensitivity to pointing error. The results show that a spherical cap array has a lower sensitivity to pointing error and, with the support structure required for a stepped array, a lower mass despite its larger surface area. The control system design takes a proposed system concept as its starting point and revises it. The system is sized and its Sun tracking and disturbance rejection performance is simulated. It is found that the system is capable of maintaining a pointing error of within 1.81◦ during tracking and of correcting disturbances. The thermal analysis extends previous models to include the effects of a ballonet used for gas pressure regulation. The model is validated against experimental data and shows a good agreement (r ≥ 0.9). The model is then applied to the aerostat concept and shows that the gas pressure can be maintained within acceptable bounds and that the solar array does not become hot due to solar heating. Overall, the results of this study increase confidence in the feasibility of the aerostat concept.
36
Redi, Stefano. "Aerostat for electric power generation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/390101/.
Full textAbstract:
The exploitation of renewable energy sources is currently at the top of the agenda of many governments that are required to face the problem of the rising energy demand. In particular photovoltaics is considered one of the most promising technologies to meet the energy needs in the long term. However the effective exploitation of this source has always been hindered in many northern countries (like the UK) due to the weather conditions which are detrimental for the efficiency of photovoltaic generators. As a possible solution to this problem, this research presents the preliminary concept evaluation of an innovative power generator based on photovoltaic and lighter than air technologies (Aerostat for Electric Power Generation – AEPG). The generator consists of a helium filled platform tethered to the ground that would be used to locate a photovoltaic array at high altitude, ideally above the cloud coverage, in order to reduce the negative effect of the atmosphere and optimize the power production. The power produced at high altitude would then be transmitted to the ground via the mooring tether. First of all, the potential of this technology is evaluated in terms of the solar energy that can be collected at high altitude. The results obtained demonstrate that a generator located at an altitude between 6 km and 12 km could collect between 3.3 and 4.9 times the solar radiation that would fall on a ground based photovoltaic array. Furthermore the environmental conditions in which the system is due to operate are evaluated, employing standard atmospheric models and experimental wind speed datasets. An overview of the main parameters involved in the design is then provided and general considerations are discussed in order to narrow the range of values these different parameters can take. A simplified mathematical model is introduced to assess the performance of the system in steady state conditions and a set of design parameters is chosen to define a baseline configuration for the concept design. Moreover, a transient 3D analysis of the whole system is performed in order to check if the dynamic behaviour can constitute a show stopper. Finally the concept design of the AEPG is addressed and the most critical technical issues are identified. The location of the different subsystems is briefly discussed and a possible solution for the system layout is proposed. The study is completed with an initial sizing of the main components (structural in particular) in order to evaluate the different mass contributions and provide a preliminary assessment of the technical feasibility of the AEPG.
37
Wallace, Alexander Robert Swan. "Small-scale hydro power generation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/14633.
Full textAbstract:
The requirement for decentralised power generation in the rural electrification of developing countries is vast, and extensive hydrological resources for small-hydro power have been identified. Despite this, the utilisation of small-scale hydro is extremely slow, and the market is not fully developed. This study reviews the marketplace for small-scale hydro in the industrialised, newly-industrialised, less-developed and third-world countries. The extent, characteristics, and timescales of small-hydro development are used to estimate the market for varying levels of power generation technology. Existing power plant and practices as applied to rural electrification programmes are examined and suggestions are made to improve the cost effectiveness of the generating plant. The economic effects which increase the cost of energy produced at smaller sites are considered and a pre-feasibility cost model is proposed. Existing design methods for Pelton turbines are appraised. A new method of designing and estimating the performamce of multi-jet machines has been developed in a comprehensive software package, which is described and evaluated. A test facility designed and constructed during the study is described, and the results obtained by testing a small Pelton turbine are presented. Conclusions are drawn at the end of each chapter and these are ultimately summarised in an overview of the effective market and the means by which Pelton turbine technology may be applied more widely. The market sectors which will benefit by the availability of the design software are identified, together with further work required to integrate the design ability into manufacture.
38
Lee, Cheuk-wing. "Transmission expansion planning in a restructured electricity market." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38959410.
Full text
39
Arnold, David Patrick. "Magnetic Machines for Microengine Power Generation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4854.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation presents an investigation of miniaturized magnetic induction and permanent magnet (PM) machines, intended for use in a microengine. Similar to a macroscale turbogenerator, a microengine comprises a small, gas-fueled turbine engine for converting chemical fuel energy into mechanical power and an integrated electrical generator for converting mechanical power to electrical power. The microengine system is proposed as a revolutionary, high power-density source for portable electronics.
In this research, miniaturized magnetic induction machines and PM machines were designed, fabricated, and characterized. Both types of machines used axially directed magnetic fields and were nominally 10 mm in diameter and 1.5-2.3 mm in thickness. Innovative microfabrication techniques were developed to demonstrate the feasibility of integrating magnetic machines within a bulk-micromachined, silicon-based microengine system.
Two-phase, eight-pole induction machines were constructed within silicon substrates using Cu coils in a laminated, slotted ferromagnetic NiFe or CoFeNi stator core. Silicon etching, wafer bonding, and electrodeposition were used to form all of the magnetic machine components. The induction machines were characterized in motoring mode using tethered rotors and demonstrated motoring torques of up to 2.5 uN-m.
Also, three-phase, eight-pole, surface wound PM machines were built using a hybrid microfabrication/assembly approach. The stators were fabricated by electroplating Cu coils on ferromagnetic NiFeMo (Moly Permalloy) substrates. The rotors were formed by assembling a magnetically patterned SmCo PM with a FeCoV (Hiperco 50) back iron. The PM machines were tested as generators with free-spinning rotors, powered by an air-driven spindle, and demonstrated 2.6 W of mechanical-to-electrical power conversion with continuous DC power generation of 1.1 W at 120 krpm rotor speed.
The primary contributions of this work are (1) the demonstration of microfabricated magnetic machines integrated within bulk-micromachined silicon and (2) the demonstration of multi-watt power conversion from a microfabricated PM generator. These achievements represent progress in the ongoing development of silicon-based microengines, but in addition, the fabrication technologies and device structures may find application in other microsystems.
40
Abbott, Stephen. "Reactive power dispatch using distributed generation." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602402.
Full textAbstract:
Migrating from a legacy network, designed for centralised power production and control, to a network topology which allows for the integration of central and distributed generation has many challenges, The evolution of the network has to overcome the problems associated with integration of distributed generation (DG), These problems include the management of the network's voltage, reactive and active power flows, fault current, power quality and voltage stability issues, In this thesis a solution to the voltage control issue using reactive power dispatched from distributed generation is explored, This study predominantly presents a novel coordinate control stratagem utilising a sensitivity control algorithm to dispatch reactive power from distributed generation, The control stratagem is demonstrated on a balanced version of the IEEE 13 bus feeder, where it is shown to not only have the capability to maintain network voltages within the statutory limits, but also to reduce the requirement for network reinforcement and allow for greater accommodation of further distributed generation, The physical differences of unbalanced networks, and thus the requirement for an enhanced unbalanced controller, are presented for the unbalanced IEEE 13 node test feeder and Scottish and Southern Energy's We stray network. It is noted that unbalanced networks need to establish reactive power support for individual phases to ensure that networks operate within unbalanced limits, This is particularly necessary when stochastic generation is accommodated on the network. Proposals are presented for the connection of dynamic var (DVAr) compensation to ensure that the voltage imbalances, which will occur due to the connection of the proposed DG on the Westray system, are within the network requirements, It is also shown that the need for DVAr support can be elevated if the closure of the open point is allowed and the control strategy is utilised, From this work it is envisaged that dispatching reactive power from distributed generation could form an integral part of future networks if they too are operated effectively, efficiently and within voltage limitations, To allow this to happen, a number of changes to how distribution networks are operated and how DG is connected and compensated are required, The research highlights the importance of real-time monitoring and control of reactive power to better utilise the existing transmission and distribution infrastructure, whilst ensuring security and quality of power supply, It is further emphasised that adequate reward schemes or mandates for reactive power need to be implemented if sufficient reactive power is to be procured for network voltage support.
41
McNamara, Fergal. "Improved generation dispatch in power systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46443.
Full text
42
Sheu, Elysia J. (Elysia Ja-Zeng). "Hybrid solar-fossil fuel power generation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78189.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-92).
In this thesis, a literature review of hybrid solar-fossil fuel power generation is first given with an emphasis on system integration and evaluation. Hybrid systems are defined as those which use solar energy and fuel simultaneously, thus excluding the viable alternative of solar thermal plants which use fossil fuels as backup. The review is divided into three main sections: performance metrics, the different concentrated solar receiver technologies and their operating conditions, and the different hybridization schemes. In addition, a new linear combination metric for analysis of hybrid systems, which considers trade-off of different metrics at the fleet level, is presented. This metric is also compared to alternative metrics from multi-objective optimization. Some previous work only evaluates the hybrid cycle at a certain point in time, which can be misleading as this evaluation would not take into account certain aspects of hybrid cycle such as fluctuating solar supply. Furthermore, almost all previous work designs the hybrid solar-fossil fuel systems for a certain point in time and then evaluates the performance of the system for an entire year. By not taking into account fluctuating solar supply and selling price of electricity in the design of the system, the best possible annual performance of the hybrid cycle may not be reached. Second, an analysis of solar reforming as the integration method for the hybrid cycle is presented, in particular steam reforming of methane. Two solar reforming systems are analyzed: one with a parabolic trough and the other with a solar tower. From the analysis, it is determined that parabolic troughs are not suitable for steam reforming due to the relatively low operating temperatures. The tower reformer system is integrated with a standard combined cycle, and the design and operation of the hybrid cycle is optimized for highest work output for a fixed fuel input and solar collector area (essentially optimizing for maximum cycle efficiency). A heuristic two step procedure is used for the optimization due to the limitation of the optimizer which cannot simultaneously optimize both design and operation. From the optimization, it is determined that the tower reforming integration method is a promising integration option in that this type of hybrid cycle yields high incremental solar efficiencies and also satisfies the linear combination metric for efficiency and CO₂ emissions (i.e., the analyzed hybrid cycle has a higher efficiency for a fixed CO₂ emissions compared to a linear combination of solar only and fossil fuel only cycles).
by Elysia J. Sheu.
S.M.
43
Mischenko, Alexandre. "On-chip cooling and power generation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612857.
Full text
44
Schofield, Daniel M. K. "Power converters for photovoltaic energy generation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7029/.
Full textAbstract:
Global demand for renewable energy has provided impetus for increased research into photovoltaic (PV) technology. Photovoltaic modules have intrinsically low efficiency and therefore, to maximise generated electricity, advances must be made in the efficient extraction of energy to maintain viability of their use. In this thesis, efficiency is maximised using novel power electronics. To facilitate advanced design, novel methods for generating accurate models of PV generators are presented. Conventional methods rely on the characterisation of PVs under continuous illumination. These methods cause heating of the module which can degrade the performance below that which would be seen during normal operation. To counter this problem, the use of flashed illumination is presented as a method for unobtrusively generating a PV electrical characteristic which can be used for accurate model-parameter extraction. To develop optimised-switch mode power converters for PVs, the reasons for suboptimal operation in existing converters is analysed and validated experimentally. Whereas existing research has considered the effect of current perturbation at mains frequency, this thesis extends the analysis to 500 kHz, which represents typical switchmode operation. A typical boost converter cannot meet the requirements for optimal power extraction from the PV module and therefore a novel circuit topology based on a SEPIC converter which can achieve optimal conditions is developed and presented. Since the methods for power transfer optimisation presented in this thesis require that the additional hardware is implemented in order to take full advantage of the PV generator, a method is presented whereby the resulting increased cost is significantly reduced. This reduction is achieved through the adaptation of redundant computer power supplies for PV battery charging applications, a method which can be used to produce a PV battery charger with minimal material or design investment.
45
Unni, Vineet. "Next-generation GaN power semiconductor devices." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11984/.
Full text
46
Williams, Orla. "On biomass milling for power generation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33464/.
Full textAbstract:
Biomass combustion has increasingly been used in pulverised fuel coal fired power stations as a way of addressing a wide range of emissions reduction targets. The reuse of existing equipment such as coal mills is essential to minimise the costs of conversion. However the fundamental fracture mechanics involved in biomass comminution are completely different to coal. Thus a thorough knowledge of the comminution properties of all biomass types in coal and biomass mills is necessary in order to minimise operational issues and to optimise milling and combustion. This thesis provides extensive novel characterisation on densified biomass before and after milling. The study analysed 9 densified biomasses, 2 non-densified biomasses, and a sample coal in five different mills; planetary ball mill, Hardgrove Grindability Index testing mill, Bond Work Index ball mill, cutting mill, and a ring-roller mill. Milling was found to have little impact on particle shape, even when an order of magnitude change in particle size was observed. Particle shape is inherent to the particles which comprise a pellet, and is determined by the pre-densified comminution processes. Milling had little impact on compositional particles of herbaceous or wood pellets. Olive cake had the most spherical of all the materials. Thermal pre-treatments of woody biomass not only saw a significant improvement in grindability in all mills, but also enhanced shape factors. The Hardgrove Grindability Index is a poor indicator of the grindability of biomass. The Bond Work Index can be used to analyse the choking potential of biomass pellets prior to full scale mill trials. To optimise milling in coal mills, biomass pellets should be composed of particles close to the required size so that only the pellet comminution stage occurs. The milling behaviour of densified biomass in a laboratory scale ring-roller mill with dynamic classification was investigated for the first time. The milling studies showed that knowledge of a materials critical particle size for comminution through compression is essential to understand its milling behaviour in different mills. The results presented in this thesis not only provide new insight and addresses significant gaps in knowledge, they also provide useful and practical guidance for addressing operational issues such as mill choking, as well as ways to optimise biomass comminution in laboratory and full scale mills, such as mill classifier optimisation based on real particle characteristics.
47
Azmi, Syahrul Ashikin. "Grid integration of renewable power generation." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23161.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis considers the use of three-phase voltage and current source inverters as interfacing units for renewable power, specifically photovoltaic (PV) into the ac grid. This thesis presented two modulation strategies that offer the possibility of operating PV inverters in grid and islanding modes, with reduced switching losses. The first modulation strategy is for the voltage source inverter (VSI), and exploits 3rd harmonic injection with selective harmonic elimination (SHE) to improve performance at low and high modulation indices, where the traditional SHE implementation experiences difficulties due to pulse dropping. The simulations and experimentation presented show that the proposed SHE allows grid PV inverters to be operated with less than a 1kHz effective switching frequency per device. This is vital in power generation, especially in medium and high power applications. Pulse dropping is avoided as the proposed modified SHE spreads the switching angles over 90°, in add ition increasing the modulation index. The second proposed modulation strategy, called direct regular sampled pulse width modulation (DRSPWM), is for the current source inverter (CSI). It exploits a combination of forced and natural commutation imposed by the co-existence of an insulated gate bipolar transistor in series with a diode in a three phase current source inverter, to determine device dwell times and switching sequence selection. The DRSPWM strategy reduces switching frequency per device in a CSI by suspending each phase for 60°, similar to VSI dead-band, thus low switching losses are expected. Other benefits include simple digital platform implementation and more flexible switching sequence selection and pulse placement than with space vector modulation. The validity of the DRSPWM is confirmed using simulations and experimentation. This thesis also presents a new dc current offset compensation technique used to facilitate islanding or grid operation of inverter based distributed generation, with a reduced number of interfacing transformers. The proposed technique will enable transformerless operation of all inverters within the solar farm, and uses only one power transformer at the point of common coupling. The validity of the presented modulation strategies and dc current offset compensation technique are substantiated using simulations and experimentation.
48
Edqvist, Lisa. "Dispatch modelling of a regional power generation system : Integrating intermittent generation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-162434.
Full textAbstract:
The climate change issue has raised the interest for renewable energy technologies, amongst which wind power is the fastest growing. The introduction of wind power to a power system implies intermittency on the production side. The aim of this thesis has been to construct a model describing how the variations in wind power production affect the other power producing system units. The model has been constructed with western Denmark as a referent system. Simulations show that wind power changes the dispatch order amongst the other electricity generating units in the power system of western Denmark. With a significant wind power grid penetration the low running costs of large coal fired power plants no longer guarantee a high utilization factor. Gas fired power plants and small coal fired plants become more competitive in combination with wind power.
49
Castro, Manuel. "Generation and transmission adequacy evaluation of power systems with wind generation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/5267.
Full textAbstract:
In response to the challenge of proposed reductions to greenhouse gas emissions outlined in international agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol, countries are considering supplying a significant share of their future energy requirements from renewable energy sources. Wind power, both on and offshore, is the principal commercially available and scaleable renewable energy technology. It is expected to remain the dominant technology in the medium-term future by delivering the majority of the required growth in renewable energy. The unique characteristics of wind power generation raise issues for its integration into the existing power systems. This thesis explores three specific issues, namely, wind generation’s limited capacity value, its remoteness from demand centres and the appropriateness of the regulatory framework governing its integration. The first issue was addressed by examining how the presence of flexible generation sources like hydro power affects the capacity value of wind in an assessment of overall system generation capacity. Wind capacity credit is interpreted from a planning perspective, and also as a component of the economic value of wind. The results illustrate that hydro power can compensate the variability of wind generation thereby augmenting its capacity value. The second issue required the development of a transmission planning methodology to evaluate the sufficiency of transmission network capacity to accommodate wind generation and to manage security of supply. The methodology was used to assess, over the long term investment horizon, the requirement for additional transmission network capacity driven by wind generation. The assessment found that wind generation drives less transmission network capacity than conventional generation and that wind and conventional generation should share the same transmission network capacity. Finally, the thesis looked into the establishment of regulatory framework that could recognise the realistic contribution of wind generation characteristics to transmission security and capture this contribution within the network pricing structure. The current 4 transmission security standards were reviewed to evaluate whether they are capable of recognising the different operation characteristics and output of wind generation. Standards for assessing transmission adequacy were found to lead to under-investment in capacity for importing areas and over-investment in exporting areas. Consequently, a set of ‘contribution factors’ capturing the interaction between wind and system characteristics were derived to augment the standards. At the same time, a modification of the present TNUoS charging mechanism in order to discriminate between generation technology types and to devise cost-reflective pricing regimes is proposed. This is particularly important when transmission investment is driven by reliability, as in exporting areas the cost reflective charges for wind were uniformly found to be lower than the charges for conventional generators.
50
Lee, Cheuk-wing, and 李卓穎. "Transmission expansion planning in a restructured electricity market." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38959410.
Full text