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Polášek, Radek. "Modelování vodního zástřikového systému parního ventilu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392856.
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The purpose of the thesis is to create a model for an analysis of a steam conditioning valve whose function is to reduce the temperature of the steam using a spray water system. First of all, simulation of the fluid flow and heat transfer is done using CFD analysis. Then the results are used for thermal stress calculation.
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Písařovic, Antonín. "Implementace točivých redukcí v teplárenské praxi." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219403.
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The thesis is devoted to the utilisation of expansion turbines in the thermal power stations and in the industry companies using gas pressure reduction for technology purposes. The theoretic part of this thesis deals with the technology equipment such as steam and gas turbines, generators and reduction stations. The special attention is given to the expansion turbines with regard to its dividing in two groups: for steam reduction and for gas reduction. The parctical part includes the preliminary and detailed calculation of the expansion turbin for parameters of reduction line for combustion turbines, the generator proposal and the possibility of power extraction. The economic part completes the thesis with the economic evaluation of investment efficiency.
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Tambovtsev, Alexander. "Energieeinsparung in Kälteanlagen durch Kombination von thermostatischem Expansionsventil und innerem Wärmeübertrager." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1218482331656-43301.
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Die Erfindung der Kältemaschine macht es möglich, dass heute zu beliebiger Zeit Kälte in benötigter Menge und gewünschter Temperatur erzeugt werden kann. Aber für die Kälteerzeugung braucht man Antriebsenergie. Das Ziel dieser Doktorarbeit besteht darin, mit einer intelligenten Kombination von thermostatischem Expansionsventil (TEV) und innerem Wärmeübertrager (IWÜ) den Energieverbrauch von Kälteanlagen deutlich zu verringern, ohne dass dies zu einer Verschlechterung der Zuverlässigkeit oder wesentlichen Mehrkosten führt. Bis heute gelten die beiden bekannten Komponenten TEV und IWÜ als inkompatibel miteinander, weil die einfache Aneinanderreihung zu einem instabilen Regelverhalten führt. Nach detaillierter Analyse der Ursachen dieser Instabilität wird die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass durch eine absichtliche „Verschlechterung“ des IWÜ ein stabiler Arbeitsbereich gefunden werden kann. Bei dieser „Verschlechterung“ kann es sich z. B. um den Bypass eines Teils des Hochdruckstromes oder um eine Gleichstromanordnung der Ströme im Wärmeübertrager handeln. Diese Hypothese wurde primär durch Experimente, aber zusätzlich auch durch Simulationsrechnungen bestätigt. Dafür wurde ein Versuchsstand aufgebaut, mit welchem verschiedene Konfigurationen und Regelstrategien getestet wurden. Es wurde eine deutliche Verringerung des Energieverbrauchs gegenüber herkömmlichen Anordnungen erreicht.
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Tambovtsev, Alexander. "Energieeinsparung in Kälteanlagen durch Kombination von thermostatischem Expansionsventil und innerem Wärmeübertrager." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2007. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23656.
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Die Erfindung der Kältemaschine macht es möglich, dass heute zu beliebiger Zeit Kälte in benötigter Menge und gewünschter Temperatur erzeugt werden kann. Aber für die Kälteerzeugung braucht man Antriebsenergie. Das Ziel dieser Doktorarbeit besteht darin, mit einer intelligenten Kombination von thermostatischem Expansionsventil (TEV) und innerem Wärmeübertrager (IWÜ) den Energieverbrauch von Kälteanlagen deutlich zu verringern, ohne dass dies zu einer Verschlechterung der Zuverlässigkeit oder wesentlichen Mehrkosten führt. Bis heute gelten die beiden bekannten Komponenten TEV und IWÜ als inkompatibel miteinander, weil die einfache Aneinanderreihung zu einem instabilen Regelverhalten führt. Nach detaillierter Analyse der Ursachen dieser Instabilität wird die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass durch eine absichtliche „Verschlechterung“ des IWÜ ein stabiler Arbeitsbereich gefunden werden kann. Bei dieser „Verschlechterung“ kann es sich z. B. um den Bypass eines Teils des Hochdruckstromes oder um eine Gleichstromanordnung der Ströme im Wärmeübertrager handeln. Diese Hypothese wurde primär durch Experimente, aber zusätzlich auch durch Simulationsrechnungen bestätigt. Dafür wurde ein Versuchsstand aufgebaut, mit welchem verschiedene Konfigurationen und Regelstrategien getestet wurden. Es wurde eine deutliche Verringerung des Energieverbrauchs gegenüber herkömmlichen Anordnungen erreicht.
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Schneider, Luciane. "Dinâmica locacional da vitivinicultura: novas regiões do Rio Grande do Sul e Vale do São Francisco." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-09102006-134441/.
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Este estudo teve como objetivo central identificar quais fatores locacionais influenciaram a tomada de decisão de expandir os investimentos da atividade vitivinícola por parte dos empresários atuantes na Serra Gaúcha - principal pólo vitivinícola do país. Observou-se um movimento de expansão territorial da atividade vitivinícola para novas regiões do Rio Grande do Sul (Serra do Sudeste e Campanha) e para o Vale do São Francisco (Bahia e Pernambuco), regiões em que, anteriormente, não havia a prática de tal cultura. As informações da presente pesquisa foram obtidas através de entrevista direta, orientada por um questionário, com representantes das vinícolas. A abrangência da pesquisa foi de 73,3% da população alvo e foi realizada nos meses de dezembro/2005 no Rio Grande do Sul e janeiro/2006 no Vale do São Francisco. Os dados das entrevistas foram tratados com aplicação da estatística descritiva, pois grande parte das perguntas foi de ordem qualitativa. A hipótese que circunda este estudo é de que na agroindústria, as variáveis que envolvem a matéria-prima (qualidade, local de fornecimento) são os principais fatores que influenciam a tomada de decisão do sítio de produção. Como referencial teórico, associou-se as teorias relacionadas aos fatores locacionais com a teoria de Bowersox (1978). Através da pesquisa, pode-se verificar que a atividade vitivinícola brasileira mostrou estar condicionada à distribuição espacial dos recursos produtivos, destacando-se os fatores edafoclimáticos, qualidade da matéria-prima, fator comportamental do empresário e disponibilidade de terras. A pesquisa revelou que as empresas estão preocupadas com a qualidade final do produto (vinho), a qual é otimizada pela qualidade da matéria-prima (uva) que, por sua vez, depende das condições edafoclimáticas da região produtiva. Tal preocupação e/ou necessidade provocou esta expansão geográfica da atividade para a Serra do Sudeste e Campanha (no estado do Rio Grande do Sul) e no Vale do São Francisco. Esta última região também se mostrou alvo de investimentos estrangeiros e tornou-se (e ainda se torna) atrativa por apresentar excelentes condições edafoclimáticas, capacidade de duas safras por ano e produção constante no decorrer do ano, além de instalações processadoras de menor porte.The purpose of this work is to identify which locational variables influenced the decision made by producers from the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), main viticulturist state in Brasil, to expand investments on the wine industry. There was a movement of territorial expansion of wine production to new regions in RS (Serra do Sudeste and Campanha) and to Vale do São Francisco, in the states of Bahia and Pernambuco, regions in which he grape agriculture hadrit started yet. The direct-interview with viticulturists was the main source of information used by this work. This research embraced 73,3% of the producers investing in those new regions, and it was conducted during December/2005, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, and January/2006, in Vale do São Francisco. Descriptive statistic has been applied to summarize the data obtained with the interviews, due to qualitative variables representing most of the questions. The main hypothesis of this work suggests that in the agroindustry, variables involving raw material (quality, supplier) are the main factors in making the decision as to production area. A review of Bowersox Theory (1978) associated with the theory of locational factors was employed as theoretical referential. As for results, it was possible to validate that Brazilian viticulture was conditioned to the place distribution of productive resources, standing out the following factors: edaphoclimatics, raw material quality, manager behavior and land availability. Thus, the research revealed that companies have been concerned regarding the quality of the final product (wine), which is optimized through raw material quality (grape) that depends on edaphoclimatic conditions of the productive area. Indeed, the need to achieve a higher level of quality forced the viticulture to expand its production area to Serra do Sudeste and Campanha (RS) and Vale do São Francisco, which has recently turned into an attractive area to foreign investment, because of its excellent edaphoclimatic conditions, two harvests a year, continuous output year round and a small agroindustry.
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Rodrigues, Hellbia Samara Moreira de Carvalho. "Expansão da cana-de-açúcar na microrregião do Vale do Rio dos Bois – Goiás." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5574.
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In Brazil the intensification of international discussions in the 21st century on the production of clean and renewable energy emphasizes the expansion of sugar cane, raw material for the production of biofuel ethanol, considered to be less polluting. The recent expansion of sugar cane in Brazil has as target area the Center - South of the Cerrado Biome, mainly in land before occupied by grain, cotton and pastures and comes inducing accelerated change of land use, worrying about, among other aspects, by the environmental impacts related. Since the late 1990, especially after 2000, the cane has been expanding rapidly on areas before cultivated areas with other cultures, especially grains, in addition to pastures and increasing the number of plants. The mesoregion south of the state of Goiás, preferred for this rapid expansion of current, especially the sugar cane microregions of Quirinópolis, Southwest, of Vale do Rio dos Bois (MRVRB), is cultivates cane since the decade of 1970, when it was favored by Proálcool - Program of Alcohol, public policy federal that stimulated the production of vehicles powered by alcohol and which ran from 1975 to 1979; a new and recent expansion of cane was initiated in mid 2004. The research aims to assess the expansion of the monoculture of sugar cane in MRVRB 1985 to 2013, in order to clarify the causes of the recent process and assess its direct and indirect impacts, with emphasis in the areas of permanent preservation. The methodology was based on the interpretation of satellite images in the years 1985, 1995, 2005, 2010 and 2013, and in the interpretation of maps the physical environment through integrated analysis that have led to the drafting of the maps of suitability agricultural and the identification of areas with restrictions to the cultivation of sugar cane. It is concluded that in the period considered the standard MRVRB I have recent replacement of areas of grain and subsequently pastures besides remaining areas of Cerrado, considered to be Areas of Permanent Preservation (APP), albeit at a lower proportion. The lower expansion was assigned to the edaphic limitations and relief (topography), which together and associated to offer logistics, explain its leadership not in recent expansion of the sugarcane plantation.
No Brasil a intensificação dos debates internacionais no século XXI sobre a produção de energia limpa e renovável enfatiza a expansão da cana-de-açúcar, matéria prima para a produção do biocombustível etanol, considerado menos poluente. A expansão recente da cana no Brasil tem como área alvo o Centro – Sul do Bioma Cerrado, principalmente em terras antes ocupadas por grãos, algodão e pastagens e vem induzindo mudança acelerada do uso das terras, preocupando, dentre outros aspectos, pelos impactos ambientais relacionados. Desde final dos anos de 1990, em especial após 2000, a cana vem expandindo rapidamente sobre áreas antes cultivadas com outras culturas, sobretudo grãos, além de pastagens e aumentando o número de usinas. A mesorregião sul do estado de Goiás, preferida para essa rápida expansão canavieira atual, sobretudo as microrregiões de Quirinópolis, do Sudoeste, do Vale do Rio dos Bois (MRVRB), está cultiva cana desde a década de 1970 quando foi favorecida pelo Proálcool-Programa do Álcool, política pública federal que estimulou a produção de veículos movidos a álcool e que vigorou de 1975 a 1979, uma nova e recente expansão da cana foi iniciada em meados de 2004. A pesquisa tem por objetivo avaliar a expansão da monocultura da cana-de-açúcar na MRVRB de 1985 a 2013, de modo a esclarecer as causas desse processo recente e avaliar os seus impactos diretos e indiretos, com ênfase nas áreas de preservação permanente. A metodologia baseou-se em interpretação de imagens de satélite dos anos de 1985, 1995, 2005, 2010 e 2013, e em interpretação de mapas do meio físico através de análise integrada que permitiram a elaboração dos mapas de aptidão agrícola e a identificação das áreas com restrições ao cultivo da cana-de-açúcar. Conclui-se que no período considerado a MRVRB revelo o padrão recente de substituição de áreas de grãos e posteriormente pastos, além de áreas remanescentes do Cerrado, consideradas áreas de preservação permanente (APP), ainda que em menor proporção. A menor expansão foi atribuída às limitações edáficas e de relevo (topografia) que, conjugadas e associadas à oferta logística, explicariam sua não liderança estadual na expansão recente da cultura canavieira.
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Quintanilla, Maria T. "An asymptotic expansion for value-at-risk." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29264.pdf.
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Dockner, Engelbert J., Denes Kucsera, and Margarethe Rammerstorfer. "The Value and Risk Implications of Grid Expansion Investments." Forschungsinstitut für Regulierungsökonomie, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2010. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3071/1/ge_with_balancing.pdf.
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In this article, we look at a model with (independent) system operator who faces stochastic but growing transmission demand and a penalty if frequency
is not balanced. In this set up, we derive an optimal grid expansion investment strategy and analyze its value and risk implications. It turns out that
the firm value is strictly concave in the level of transmission demand. Firm value, however, increases with optimal investment for any level of demand.
Moreover, firm risk is decreasing in the level of demand and higher when the firm has an investment option. The risk increase corresponds to the exercise of the call option and is stronger, the closer the firm approaches its exercise
trigger. (author's abstract)Series: Working Papers / Research Institute for Regulatory Economics
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Šindler, Matěj. "Zpracování dokumentace pro testovací stanici výrobní linky řídicích jednotek tepelných čerpadel." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442478.
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In opening, this diploma thesis is introducing the company Daikin Device Czech s.r.o. In the next step the principle of function of a heat pump. Then there are described its main parts. First part of this thesis is dedicated to assembly line of the heat pump’s switchboxes. The layout of the assembly line is described and added with description of used health and quality measures. Main part is speaking about running test of the switchbox line. The main function of the test is described alongside with description of the process of making the testing software.
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Kwon, Youngho. "Estimating the value of financial transmission rights for transmission expansion." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497600.
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The current situation of insufficient investment in transmission tends to weaken the advantages of a deregulated power industry. These shortages mainly arise because of the risk of not recovering the cost of investing in new lines Location Marginal prices (LMPs) and Financial Transmission Rights (FTRs) are key elements in reducing these investment risks. Market participants are able to hedge against price fluctuations caused by transmission congestion through the purchase or sale of FTRs. The value of FTRs, which is tied to the difference in prices between locations in the network, would indicate where transmission expansion should be implemented.
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Lukach, Sarah Elizabeth. "Feasibility of business expansion in the seed industry." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35297.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Allen M. Featherstone
The landscape of the United States seed industry has changed substantially over the last 100 years. In the mid-1930s, there were 115 active seed corn companies marketing seed in the United States. By the 1980s, there were 303 hybrid seed corn companies and in 2016 there were 140 active hybrid seed corn companies in the United States. As the seed industry continues to evolve, so will the logistics and methods of which seed is sold to farm customers. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze and determine if a seed business expansion provides a positive net present value and rate of return for the management based on the capital costs of the investment and estimated income opportunities. Based on historical information of the existing business and the new market territory opportunities, a ten year projected cash flow was estimated to provide a basis for the net present value and internal rate of return analysis. Sensitivity analysis was applied to different variables in the cash flow model to identify variables of risk and the impact on the projected cash flow and net present value analysis. The projected cash flow model and net present value analysis provides management a basis for the decision to expand their existing business. The conclusion of the net present value and internal rate of return analysis was that the expansion of the seed business was profitable under most sensitivity scenarios. Recommendations were made for additional research that could be performed to maximize and diversify the business’s product offerings and net income.
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Devečka, Viktor. "Náhrada expanzního ventilu kapilární trubicí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254385.
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V súčasnosti sa kladie veľký dôraz na znižovanie produkcie emisií, čistotu a kvalitu životného prostredia. Tieto trendy sa týkajú všetkých odvetví, tak isto aj stavebného priemyslu a vykurovania budov. Doposiaľ bolo najrozšírenejším typom vykurovania spaľovanie fosílnych palív. Do popredia sa však dostávajú tepelné čerpadlá a začínajú zaberať výrazný podiel trhu. Kvôli dopytu po tepelných čerpadlách vzrastá počet výrobcov a konkurencia. Cieľom výrobcov je zvyšovanie účinnosti tepelných čerpadiel a zároveň znižovanie výrobných nákladov na dosiahnutie lepšej pozície na trhu. Predložená práca sa zaoberá procesmi prebiehajúcimi v chladivovom okruhu tepelného čerpadla. Skúma správanie chladiva počas kondenzácie a možnosti zvýšenia účinnosti tepelného čerpadla. Zvýšenie účinnosti je dosiahnuté podchladením chladiva počas kondenzácie na zvýšenie tepelných ziskov. To je dosiahnuté zaradením druhého elektronického expanzného ventilu za kondenzátorom. Táto technológia je však finančne náročná. Práca sa zaoberá výpočtom kapiláry na základe praktických meraní, ktorá bude zadržiavať chladivo v kondenzátore a bude plniť podobnú úlohu ako expanzný ventil. Následne sú porovnané výsledky jednotlivých meraní. Výsledky sú porovnané voči jednoduchému systému, kde nedochádza k podchladeniu chladiva. V závere práce je analýza výsledkov jednotlivých systémov.
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Rodrigue, Francois. "Brand and Value Co-Creation: A Stakeholder Approach to Ottawa's CFL Expansion Franchise." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31689.
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This study intended to advance the understanding of brand and value co-creation in sport management. A single exploratory case study of the Ottawa REDBLACKS, the CFL expansion franchise launching in 2014, was conducted. The purpose of the research was to unveil the practices that could lead to brand and value co-creation in the relationships between the Ottawa REDBLACKS and their stakeholders.
Semi-structured interviews were performed with 20 participants from the focal organization’s network of stakeholders. The sample was built through a purposeful and snowball sampling method that added to stakeholders identified from the literature. Archival data of media publications, organizational online content, and radio podcasts were also gathered in order to complement the data from the interviews.
The deductive and inductive data analysis highlighted five main practices that could lead to brand or value co-creation in the stakeholder-firm relationship performance in a unique sport context: establishing relationships, supporting public relations, sharing resources, enhancing the experience, and driving brand image. The findings explained that joint actions between stakeholders and the REDBLACKS can lead to increases in brand equity and value creation. In the end, the study suggested that future research should investigate the threat of co-destruction.
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Nanduri, Vishnuteja. "Generation capacity expansion in restructured energy markets." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003031.
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Himel, Matthew T. "Big Game Cats and Defining Football’s Value: College Football’s Popularity, Controversies, and Expansion." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2521.
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This thesis directly approaches intercollegiate football from a cultural perspective. The football’s popularity exploded during the Twentieth-Century. Television, merchandizing, and a national sporting culture are associated with this development. However, controversies often muddied the waters of that popularity. Football’s brutality, athletic scholarships, and controversies within athletics departments overshadowed the immense popularity of intercollegiate football. During the Twenty-First Century, several universities started new football programs. Two of which being Georgia State University and Southeastern Louisiana University. Given the context balancing popularity and controversy, the administrators demonstrated how the image of intercollegiate football has changed over the course of the past century. This thesis analyzes how the administrators sold the new football programs to their respective institutions and concludes that both universities emphasized the sport’s popularity, avoided controversy, recognized the large potential for financial loss, and concentrated the new programs benefit being increased indirect and intrinsic values.
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Ferreira, Marcos Rondiney dos Santos. "Comportamento assintótico de soluções da equação do aerofólio em intervalos disjuntos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/128043.
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Neste trabalho investigamos, dos pontos de vistas analítico e numérico, o comportamento assintótico da solução da equação do aerofólio, com uma singularidade do tipo Cauchy, de nida sobre um intervalo com uma pequena abertura. Exibimos um modelo matemático com uma solução f" para o intervalo disjunto G" = (−1,−ε) ∪ (ε, 1) e uma solução f0 que corresponde ao limite de f" quando (ε → 0), relacionando esta última com a solução da equação do aerofólio f no intervalo (−1, 1). Além do mais, demonstramos casos particulares de funções ψ = Tm e ψ = Un(onde Tm e Un são os polinômios de Tchebychev do primeiro e segundo tipo respectivamente) em que temos a igualdade f = f0 e conseqüentemente f" ≈ f. Apresentamos e comparamos numericamente as soluções f", f0 e f para diferentes funções ψ e valores de ε no intervalo G". Mostramos ainda soluções quase polinomiais analíticas da equação do aerofólio, e propomos um método espectral para a equação do aerofólio generalizada. Por m, obtemos soluções analíticas das equações do aerofólio para os intervalos G", (−1, 1)\ {0} e (−1, 1) para diferentes funções ψ(t) através da expansão em série da densidade da integral singular com núcleo Cauchy.In this work we investigate, of the analytical and numerical points of views, the asymptotic behavior of the airfoil equation solution with a singularity of the Cauchy type, de ned over a interval with a small opening. We display a mathematical model with a f" solution to the disjoint interval G" = (−1,−ε)∪(ε, 1) and a f0 solution corresponding to limit of f" when (ε → 0), linking the latter with the solution of the airfoil equation f in the interval (−1, 1). Furthermore, we demonstrate particular cases of functions ψ = Tm and ψ = Un (where Tm and Un are the Chebyshev polynomials of the rst and second type respectively) where we have equality f = f0 and then f" ≈ f. We present and compare numerically the solutions f", f0 and f for di erent functions ψ and values of ε in G". We also show almost polynomial analytical solutions for the airfoil equation, and we propose a spectral method for the generalized airfoil equation. Finally, we obtain analytical solutions of the airfoil equations to the interval G", (−1, 1)\ {0} and (−1, 1) for various functions ψ(t) by expanding in series the density of the Cauchy singular integral.
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Haug, Thomas. "Corporate Credit Risk Modeling Expansions to a Scorecard Model Approach /." St. Gallen, 2007. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/04603239001/$FILE/04603239001.pdf.
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Bentes, Julio Cláudio da Gama. "Dispersão urbana no médio paraíba fluminense." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16133/tde-18102014-160412/.
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Na atualidade estamos contemplando mundialmente a predominância do urbano, com mais da metade da população mundial vivendo em áreas urbanizadas. As novas formas de urbanização e de mobilidade têm assumido cada vez mais um importante papel na vida cotidiana das populações. Os processos sociais em suas múltiplas dimensões passam a se desenvolver, em grande parte, sobre novas bases territoriais e em múltiplas escalas. Observamos a conformação e evolução de sistemas urbanos complexos, que incluem formas urbanas concentradas e dispersas. O trabalho examina as formas contemporâneas de urbanização, em especial o processo de dispersão urbana em suas questões mais gerais, buscando suas origens, referências teóricas e conceituações, caracterizando-o na microrregião do Vale do Paraíba fluminense. Esse processo ocorre com a formação de áreas cuja urbanização se estende por um vasto território, com núcleos urbanos separados no espaço por vazios intersticiais, mas que mantêm vínculos estreitos entre si. Inicialmente são abordados os aspectos teórico-conceituais dos fenômenos mais amplos que formam as bases para a urbanização contemporânea e o processo de dispersão urbana. Examinam-se as relações do espaço, das formas urbanas e dos lugares com os processos de globalização e as conexões em redes físicas e informacionais. Na sequência, são tratados os antecedentes e as origens da urbanização dispersa, a partir das transformações urbanas iniciadas após a Segunda Guerra Mundial, com a percepção, evolução e desdobramentos deste processo, trazendo-se ainda exemplos internacionais e nacionais. A microrregião do Vale do Paraíba fluminense objeto de análise empírica da tese é estudada a partir do início de sua industrialização, nos anos 1930-1940, que teve como marco a instalação da Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN) pelo governo brasileiro. Essa microrregião teve forte crescimento populacional e acelerada urbanização, com o conjunto CSN-Volta Redonda polarizando a região e centralizando seu desenvolvimento. Após a privatização da CSN, em 1993, a microrregião começou a se reestruturar produtiva e espacialmente, com a instalação de novas plantas industriais, principalmente do setor automobilístico. A vinda dessas fábricas teve um efeito de atração e multiplicação das atividades comerciais, de serviços e residenciais, com alterações nos modos de vida da população. São evidenciadas as origens, motivações e desdobramentos das transformações em curso, que levaram ao processo de dispersão urbana no Vale do Paraíba fluminense. Este processo também é examinado no Vale do Paraíba paulista, comparando-se em seguida as similitudes e distinções da dispersão urbana entre os lados paulista e fluminense do Vale do Paraíba. As hipóteses desenvolvidas na tese estão relacionadas à existência e aos indutores do processo de dispersão urbana na microrregião do Vale do Paraíba fluminense, com as formas urbanas implantadas na atualidade, contrapondo-se às formas concentradas da urbanização anterior e à antiga polarização regional. Ao final do trabalho, retorna-se às hipóteses de maneira conclusiva e são ressaltadas as atuais transformações regionais, com as antigas cidades industriais tornando-se polos de comércio e serviços, enquanto outros municípios dessa microrregião se industrializam. São feitas reflexões quanto ao desenvolvimento regional, à necessidade do planejamento, à estruturação e articulação regionais, além da adoção de modos de vida metropolitanos.In the world nowadays the urban is becoming predominant. More than half of the worlds population is living in urban environments. New urbanization and mobility forms are becoming more and more important in peoples lives. The social processes in all dimensions are mainly evolving to new territories in multiple scales. Complex urban systems are being created and updated, including urban forms that are sprawled. This thesis analyses the contemporary urbanization processes, specially the urban sprawl, and also its origins, theoretical references and concepts, with light to the historical events in the Vale do Paraíba fluminense Microregion, located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This dispersion process occurs with the formation of urbanized areas sprawled over a vast territory, with distinct but strongly linked urban cores that are separated by interstitial voids. What is presented, initially, are the theoretical-conceptual aspects of the broad phenomenon that form the basis to the contemporary urbanization and the process of urban sprawl. The relations of space, urban forms and places as well as globalization and connections in physical and informational networks are discussed as well as the antecedents and origins of the urban sprawl. This process is explained from the urban transformations that begun Post-World War II, its perception, evolution and unfolds. International and national examples are also discussed. Vale do Paraíba fluminense Microregion object of empirical analysis of this thesis is studied from the beginning of its industrialization, which started during the 1930s, marked by the installation of the Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN) by Brazilian government. Since then, this microregion had a significant population increase and fast urbanization, with the CSN-Volta Redonda area polarizing the region and centralizing its development. After CSNs privatization, in 1993, the microregion started to be productively and spatially restructured, with the installation of new industrial plants mainly in the automotive sector. The arrival of these factories attracted new trade and services industries, and also new residential uses, bringing new lifestyle choices for the population. The origins, motivations and consequences of the current transformations that brought the process of urban sprawl to the Vale do Paraíba fluminense Microregion are analyzed, including a comparison with the Vale do Paraíba paulista Microregion (state of São Paulo). The hypotheses formed in this thesis are related to the existence and inductors of the urban sprawl process at the Vale do Paraíba fluminense Microregion. This includes the urban forms contemporarily established, opposed to the concentrated forms of the previous urbanization and to the old regional polarization. At the end of this thesis, the hypotheses are reintroduced conclusively and the contemporary regional transformations are highlighted. The old industrial cities became cores of trade and services, while other cities of this microregion became industrialized. Reflections are made on regional development, on needs of planning, on regional structuring and articulation, and also on choices of metropolitan lifestyles.
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Bílek, Martin. "Akumulace energie v systémech TZB." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226852.
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The subject of this thesis is energy storage systems in building services. In the first part the theoretical acquaintance with the nature of energy storage. In the second part has two variants preparation hot water in an apartment building. In the third part of the test solution storage tank of hot water. Development of computational algorithms, comparison of calculation used and the final summary.
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Musílková, Julie. "Vytápění krytého bazénu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372317.
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Theme of diploma thesis is the heating of the indoor swimming pool. The thesis is departed to three parts. In the first part, there is a theoretical solution indoor climate of swimming pool. In the second part, there is a calculation solution of the project. Project solves heating of the indoor swimming pool. The last part is an experimental part. Theme of the experiment is measurement of temperature and relative humidity of the swimming pool.
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Georgikopoulos, Nikolaos. "An expectation maximisation algorithm and the generalized Edgeworth series expansion applied to value-at-risk." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417040.
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Rinker, Skyler P. "A feasibility study of the expansion of swine and management for Iowa State University’s AG 450 farm." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35500.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Allen M. Featherstone
For more than 70 years, the Iowa State University Ag 450 Farm has been in operation south of the Iowa State University (ISU) campus located in Ames, Iowa. The Ag 450 farm is currently the only student managed farm at a land grant university in the United States. The idea for the Ag 450 Farm was developed by Dr. William Murray in 1938 and in 1943, the Ag 450 class was first offered by Dr. Murray. At the farm, the core principals of agribusiness and farm management have been taught while adapting to an ever-changing agriculture. The Ag 450 Farm is considered the capstone course for the Iowa State University Agricultural Studies major. ISU Ag 450 is currently under the supervision of farm manager Greg Vogel and the Iowa State University Agriculture and Studies Department. Today, the Iowa State University Ag 450 students manage approximately 275 acres of owned ground, 700 acres of cash rented ground, 80 acres of crop share ground, and 800 acres of custom farmed ground depending on the year. Ag 450 represents a commercial farming enterprise of corn and soybean production as well as housing nursery piglets and custom finishing over 1000 head of feeder pigs. In its current condition, the ISU Ag 450 is looking to expand its operations to meet the demands Agricultural Studies majors at Iowa State University. A focus of the expansion is to increase the amount of custom finished feeder pigs by building another finishing facility. That type of expansion requires the need for another full-time farm manager. This research examines the feasibility of expansion of the swine and management to determine the impact this may have on the future viability of the farm.
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Sjöstrand, Maria, and Özlem Aktaş. "Cornish-Fisher Expansion and Value-at-Risk method in application to risk management of large portfolios." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Tillämpad matematik och fysik (MPE-lab), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-16274.
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One of the major problem faced by banks is how to manage the risk exposure in large portfolios. According to Basel II regulation banks has to measure the risk using Value-at-Risk with confidence level 99%. However, this regulation does not specify the way to calculate Valueat- Risk. The easiest way to calculate Value-at-Risk is to assume that portfolio returns are normally distributed. Altough, this is the most common way to calculate Value-at-Risk, there exists also other methods. The previous crisis shows that the regular methods are unfortunately not always enough to prevent bankruptcy. This paper is devoted to compare the classical methods of estimating risk with other methods such as Cornish-Fisher Expansion (CFVaR) and assuming generalized hyperbolic distribution. To be able to do this study, we estimate the risk in a large portfolio consisting of ten stocks. These stocks are chosen from the NASDAQ 100-list in order to have highly liquid stocks (bluechips). The stocks are chosen from different sectors to make the portfolio welldiversified. To investigate the impact of dependence between the stocks in the portfolio we remove the two most correlated stocks and consider the resulting eight stock portfolio as well. In both portfolios we put equal weight to the included stocks. The results show that for a well-diversified large portfolio none of the risk measures are violated. However, for a portfolio consisting of only one highly volatile stock we prove that we have a violation in the classical methods but not when we use the modern methods mentioned above.
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Rodriguez, Novoa Esteban Alejandro. "Expansion of the Swedish Deposit Return System for plastic packaging : Challenges and enablers along the value chain of plastics." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-288406.
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Plastic materials are widely used in different applications by the industry. Given its different properties, there is a wide range of utilization opportunities. From an environmental perspective, some of these properties imply a challenge for the recycling of these materials. Over the years, Deposit Return Systems (DRS) have been formulated and developed aiming to increase recycling rates of these materials. This study aims to determine if the expansion of the DRS for plastic materials can tackle current technical and logistical challenges that hinder the recyclability of these materials in Sweden. Specifically, it maps the actors and processes involved in the plastic value chain, identifying current challenges that affect the recyclability of the materials but also opportunities to increase the rates of recycling. Finally, after studying and characterizing different DRS implemented around the world, recommendations are given on what types of DRS expansions could be suitable for the Swedish context. Based on a literature review the current Swedish plastic value chain is studied and technical and logistical challenges are identified along it. Simultaneously the study investigates technological developments and innovations intended to improve the recyclability of the plastic materials. One of the main challenges identified is the fragmentation along the value chain, which is a barrier to utilizing the system to its full potential in terms of generating recyclable material as well as establishing well-functioning value regeneration of the materials. This information is useful to discussions on a future expansion of the DRS in Sweden. Likewise, after describing the different DRS options studied, recommendations are given for its implementation. The analysis concludes that given the current context that includes the start-up of a large sorting facility, the most promising option would be to opt for a design & sorting incentivizing DRS that is relying on the conventional waste management and does not require major investments in infrastructure. Other options are not discarded, but it is recognized that these may be more costly or more technologically demanding, also requiring more research to give an assertive assessment.Plastmaterial används ofta i olika applikationer av industrin med tanke på dess olika egenskaper. Miljömässigt innebär några av dessa egenskaper en utmaning för återvinning av dessa material. Under åren har pantsystem (Deposit Return Systems (DRS)) formulerats och utvecklats för att öka återvinningsgraden för dessa material. Denna studie syftar till att avgöra om expansionen av DRS för plastmaterial kan hantera nuvarande tekniska och logistiska utmaningar som hindrar återvinningsbarheten av dessa material i Sverige. Specifikt kartlägger uppsatsen de aktörer som är involverade i plastvärdekedjan och identifierar nuvarande utmaningar som påverkar materialens återvinningsbarhet, men också möjligheter att öka återvinningsgraden och slutligen efter att ha studerat olika DRS implementerade runt om i världen ges rekommendationer om huruvida vissa av dem är lämpliga för det svenska sammanhanget. Baserat på en litteraturstudie studeras den nuvarande svenska plastvärdekedjan och tekniska och logistiska utmaningar identifieras längs den. Samtidigt undersöker studien teknisk utveckling och innovationer som syftar till att förbättra återvinningsbarheten hos plastmaterialen. En av de viktigaste utmaningarna som identifierats är fragmenteringen och underutvecklingen längs värdekedjan, särskilt återvinningssektorn. Denna information är användbar för att fastställa trender i branschen men är också viktig att tänka på i formuleringen av en expansion av DRS i Sverige. På samma sätt, efter att ha beskrivit de olika DRS-alternativen, ges rekommendationer för dess genomförande. En slutsats är att med tanke på det nuvarande sammanhanget som inkluderar start av en stor sorteringsanläggning är det mer genomförbart att välja en modell för DRS som integreras i nuvarande kommunala avfallshantering och inte kräver större investeringar i infrastruktur. Systemet ska bygga på att skapa incitament för återvinningsbar design såväl som för ytterligare sortering. Andra alternativ avfärdas inte, men dessa kan vara mer kostsamma eller mer tekniskt utmanande och kräver mer forskning.
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Widing, Björn. "Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR) for Market Risks : A quantitative assessment of the Standard formula and its adequacy for a Swedish insurance company." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189022.
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The purpose of this project is to validate the adequacy of the Standard formula, used to calculate the Solvency Capital Requirement (SCR), with respect to a Swedish insurance company. The sub-modules evaluated are Equity risk (type 1) and Interest rate risk. The validation uses a quantitative assessment and the concept of Value at Risk (VaR). Additionally, investment strategies for risk free assets are evaluated through a scenario based analysis. The findings support that the Equity shock of 39%, as proposed in the Standard formula, is appropriate for a diversified portfolio of global equities. Furthermore, to some extent; the Equity shock is also sufficient for a diversified global portfolio with an overweight of Swedish equities. Additionally, the findings shows that the Standard formula for Interest rate risks occasionally underestimates the true Interest rate risk. Furthermore, it’s shown that there are some advantage of selecting an investment strategy that stabilizes the Own fund of an insurance company rather than a strategy that minimizes the SCR.Syftet med detta arbete är att utvärdera Standardformeln, som används för att beräkna solvenskapitalkravet (SCR) under Solvens II, med avseende på dess lämplighet för ett svensk försäkringsbolag. Modulerna som utvärderas är aktierisk (typ 1) och ränterisk. Utvärderingen genomförs med kvantitativa metoder och utifrån konceptet Value at Risk (VaR). Dessutom utvärderas investeringsstrategier för riskfria tillgångar genom en scenariobaserad analys. Resultaten stödjer att den av Standardformeln föreskrivna aktiechocken på -39 % är tillräcklig för en diversifierad global aktieportfölj. Dessutom är aktiechocken även tillräcklig för en diversifierad global portfölj med en viss övervikt mot svenska aktier. Vidare visar resultaten att Standardformeln under vissa omständigheter underskattar ränterisken. Slutligen visar den scenariobaserade analysen att det är fördelaktigt att välja en investeringsstrategi som stabiliserar Own fund, hellre än en strategi som minimerar SCR.
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Pal, Rudrajeet, and Ahsan Ishaq. "A competitive business strategy development for market expansion in India : A tool for identifying business opportunities for Nilörn Group AB." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19085.
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The Branding Solution & Designing Industry has been seemingly proliferating with the growth inthe Apparel and fashion industry, predominantly. With economic development there has been anincrease in the private consumption and growth in GDP; as the demand from the fashion andready-to-wear industry has increased significantly.Both the global and European markets for branding and design are growing. Brands owners areincreasing their investments in measures intended to contribute to strengthening their brands, inwhich labels, packaging and accessories are important elements.Nilörngruppen is a company in this industry offering complete solutions in branding, design,product development and logistics on a global basis with a clear focus on offering customeruniquesolutions that create added value.To compete for the big branding and design jobs and increase the company business volume it isnecessary to be close to the customers. Developments necessitate Nilörngruppen being present inthe countries where its customers have increased its manufacturing base. This caters the need tomake an entry into new markets through a network of strategic partners. This has motivatedNilörngruppen to establish its part-owned subsidiary as Nilörn India with its own sales andlogistics base.This portrays the need of Nilörngruppen to develop its market through continued optimization ofits business structure and improve return on investments in India. The aim of this thesis report is tomake a Business Strategy development for Nilörn India for its expected market expansion in theIndian market.Program: Magisterutbildning i Applied Textile Management
Uppsatsnivå: D
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Ávila, Silvia Regina Starling Assad de. "Efeitos sócio-econômicos da expansão da cana de açúcar no Vale do São Patrício." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2009. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/7570.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Programa de Pós-graduação em Agronegócios, 2009.Submitted by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza (jaquefs.braz@gmail.com) on 2011-05-06T23:34:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_SilviaReginaSAdeAvila.pdf: 3906190 bytes, checksum: 3bc06a281fbc08c7896bdf87fa45c766 (MD5)
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Esta dissertação teve por objetivo analisar os impactos da expansão da cana de açúcar no Vale do São Patrício – região localizada no centro norte do estado de Goiás. Principal área goiana produtora de cana de açúcar destinada à produção de álcool combustível, o Vale do São Patrício sofreu diversas transformações nos últimos anos, como na dinâmica econômica na estrutura do tecido social e na configuração ambiental. O estudo foi realizado a partir da coleta e análise de dados secundários sobre os 22 municípios que formam o Vale, e a partir de entrevistas e observações em 4 municípios que sediam usinas sucroalcooleiras. Entre os resultados obtidos, está a constatação de que 70% da área de culturas temporárias estão ocupadas pela cana de açúcar, que domina as paisagens e tem levado a um processo de êxodo rural. Indicam ainda que, apesar do crescimento econômico verificado nos últimos anos, a riqueza gerada não tem resultado em benefícios para a população rural. Ao contrário, tem levado à ruptura de suas estratégias produtivas e ao enfraquecimento de suas redes locais de inserção no desenvolvimento. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
This study aimed at analyzing social and economic impacts of sugarcane expansion in the Vale do São Patrício, located in the central northern area of the Goiás state, Brazil. In the last years, Vale do São Patrício, the main state producer of sugarcane ethanol-derived fuel, has undergone several transformations regarding economic dynamics, social structure and environmental configuration. In order to investigate the reasons for these transformations, secondary information on the 22 municipal districts that compose the Vale was gathered. Interviews and observations of four cities that host sugarcane industries were also performed. Analyses of these data indicated that 70% of the temporary crops areas were progressively occupied by sugarcane plantations that dominated the landscape and caused rural exodus. Data also showed that, despite the economic growth registered in the area during the recent years, it did not result in benefits to the rural population. On the contrary, sugarcane expansion has led to disruption of their productive strategies and weakening their local network for integrating the region development.
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Barbosa, Valter Luís. "A expansão urbana em áreas de fundo de vale na cidade de Bauru-SP." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2006. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1550.
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Previous issue date: 2006-03-15Bauru is considered an important city in the regional context of the São Paulo State. It is situated in the center-west of the state and its main economical activity is the service sector. The urban growth of Bauru has occurred in the bottom of the valley and that compromised the ecological condition in the urban mean. Also known as the "city without limits", Bauru has been suffering with the public politics of the city government, associated with the conditions of the urban environment appropriations, the financial capital and real state, besides the irregular use of the urban soil, all this contributing to accentuate the unbalance of the physical nature, the landscape and the social conditions of the inhabitants that live in areas situated in the bottom of the valley. The purpose of this research is to identify and to analyse the importance of the Special Sectors of Conservation of the Bottom of the Valley also called SEC in the urban system and in the maintenance of life quality to local communities. In this investigation, we used and analysed the laws established by the Town's Plan, in order to check the execution of the environment legislation about the occupation of urban space in the areas of the bottom of the valley. It was observed that the social environment degradation in the Special Sectors of Conservation of the Bottom of the Valley SEC in Bauru has became evident, this meaning that the urban environment is in crisis and it is risky for the ecosystem capacity. It was also verified that the growth of the city has been orientated to the appropriation of the urban space, without considering the social and the natural aspects of the environment, resulting in fragmented actions and in the wasteful of public resources. The public practices of Bauru local administration does not accomplish the legislation in effect by the Town's Plan, risking the proper development of the city when avoiding the environment problem in the Special Sectors of Conservation in the Bottom of the Valley. The urban expansion growth to new areas made that the bottom of the valley could express how are the relations between the public power and the different kinds of interests established in the urban environment, making the Special Sectors of Bottom of the Valley objects to be used to a few people, in detriment of the most of the population, that live in helpless situation, contributing to accelerate the degradation of the social-environment process. This work has the intention to be helpful for the comprehension of the physical nature relations in Bauru urban environment and to add support as to make it easier to the local government to direct its actions to a democratic administration concerning to the city urban expansion.
Bauru é considerada uma cidade importante no contexto regional do Estado de São Paulo. Está localizada na porção centro-oeste e tem como atividade principal o setor de serviços. O seu crescimento urbano ocorreu em áreas de fundo de vale ocupadas de maneira a comprometer as condições ecológicas do meio urbano. Também conhecida como cidade sem limites , vem convivendo com as políticas feitas pelo Poder Público associadas às formas de apropriação do ambiente urbano pelo capital financeiro e imobiliário além do uso do solo urbano de maneira irregular, contribuindo para acentuar os desequilíbrios de natureza física e das condições sociais dos habitantes que vivem em áreas de fundo de vale. Esta pesquisa A Expansão Urbana em Áreas de Fundo de Vale na Cidade de Bauru-SP" tem como escopo identificar e analisar a importância dos Setores Especiais de Conservação de Fundo de Vale - SEC s no sistema urbano e para a manutenção da qualidade de vida da sociedade local. Procurou-se mostrar os tipos de impactos causados junto a essas áreas e suas implicações sociais. Para nortear este trabalho utilizou-se das leis estabelecidas no Plano Diretor da cidade para verificar o cumprimento da legislação ambiental quanto à ocupação do espaço urbano em Bauru nas áreas de fundo de vale. Pôde-se observar que a degradação sócio-ambiental nos SEC s em Bauru evidenciou a crise do ambiente urbano colocando em risco a capacidade de suporte do ecossistema. Apurou-se que o crescimento da cidade de Bauru direcionou-se para uma apropriação do espaço urbano sem considerar o aspecto social e natural do ambiente, o que resultou em desperdícios do próprio recurso público. À medida que a expansão urbana avançou em novas áreas os meandros dos fundos de vale expressaram como eram e como são as relações de poder nos diversos interesses estabelecidos no meio urbano tornando os SEC s objetos a serem utilizados por poucos bauruenses em detrimento da maioria populacional que vive em situações precárias e acaba contribuindo para acelerar os processos de degradação sócio-ambientais. Este trabalho é fundamental para a compreensão das relações da natureza física com o meio urbano para que ocorra uma gestão democrática do Poder Público ao tentar administrar a expansão urbana em Bauru.
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Dalingwater, Louise Marie. "Les services dans l'économie du Royaume-Uni, 1979-2007." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030066.
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Depuis les années 1970, l’économie britannique s’est transformée grâce au développement des activités de services. Jusqu’en 2007, l’exceptionnelle croissance économique du Royaume-Uni et la résistance du pays aux chocs conjoncturels ont été attribuées au dynamisme des services britanniques. Cette thèse s’attache à démontrer, par le biais d’une analyse de l’économie nationale, internationale et régionale, les particularités et les origines de cette expansion. De cette montée en puissance du secteur des services, nous retenons, notamment, le rôle de la déréglementation, les réformes institutionnelles et la série de privatisations menées par les gouvernements de Margaret Thatcher, ainsi que la création d’un cadre macroéconomique stable depuis l’arrivée au pouvoir du New Labour en 1997. Nous soulignons également la contribution de la mondialisation et des avancées technologiques qui ont permis de développer et d’échanger de nouveaux produits et services, d’amplifier les échanges entre les régions et à l’international et de renforcer la compétitivité. Force est de reconnaître, toutefois, que certaines faiblesses structurelles entravent le développement du secteur, notamment le manque d’investissement en capital humain et les performances médiocres du service public. Enfin, notre étude ne serait pas complète sans l’analyse des forces et des faiblesses du secteur financier au cours des trois décennies que couvre notre période d’étudeSince the 1990s, the UK economy has been transformed by the development of services. Up until 2007, the exceptional economic growth in the UK and its resistance to cyclical shocks has been attributed to the dynamism of UK services. Through analysis of the national, international and regional economy, the aim of this thesis is to underline the particular features and origins of expansion of the service sector. The role of deregulation, institutional reforms and the privatisation of many state-owned industries carried out by Margaret Thatcher’s governments as well as the creation of a stable macroeconomic framework after 1997 when New Labour were ushered in, are of particular importance in explaining the rapid growth of the service sector. Globalisation and technological progress have also contributed to the development and trade of new products and services, increasing trade between regions on a national and international level and strengthening competition. However, a number of structural weaknesses inherent in the UK service economy must also be underlined, in particular weak investment in human capital and the mediocre quality of public services. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses of the financial sector during these three decades will be examined
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Costa, Fernando Nascimento 1984. "Análise comparativa da válvula de expansão eletrônica e do tubo capilar em sistemas de refrigeração." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265902.
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Orientador: Luiz Felipe Mendes de MouraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: Resumo O uso da refrigeração tem crescido de forma considerável nos últimos anos, promovendo diversos estudos que busquem a otimização destes sistemas. Utilizando a automação industrial, processos de instrumentação, sistemas de aquisição e processamento de dados, analisa-se a eficiência de um sistema de refrigeração com o tubo capilar e válvula de expansão eletrônica como dispositivo de expansão. Parâmetros importantes para o bom funcionamento do ciclo: temperatura de evaporação e condensação, pressão de evaporação e condensação, carga térmica no evaporador, grau de superaquecimento na saída do evaporador e coeficiente de desempenho (COP), são analisados. O circuito frigorífico é composto por duas subunidades. O circuito principal, dotado de uma unidade condensadora hermética, evaporador e dispositivos de expansão. A unidade secundária possui uma bomba para circulação de um fluido secundário (álcool etílico), um trocador de calor e um fancoil. Foi também desenvolvido uma análise de eficiência energética no compressor. A potência de compressão, bem como a potência consumida no compressor e a eficiência total do compressor para o tubo capilar e para a válvula de expansão eletrônica foram verificadas. Pode-se verificar que para o sistema em questão, a válvula de expansão eletrônica mostrou ser mais eficiente para todas as condições propostas para o tubo capilar e para a válvula de expansão eletrônica. Palavras Chave: Válvula de Expansão Eletrônica; tubo capilar, estudo comparativo; Automação
Abstract: Summary The use of refrigeration has grown considerably in recent years, many studies that seek to promote the optimization of these systems. Using industrial automation, process instrumentation, data acquisition and processing systems, we analyze the efficiency of a refrigeration system with capillary tube and electronic expansion valve as the expansion device. Important for the proper functioning of the cycle parameters: temperature of evaporation and condensation, evaporation and condensation pressure, the evaporator heat load, degree of superheat at the evaporator outlet and coefficient of performance (COP), are analyzed. The refrigeration circuit is composed of two subunits. The main circuit with a hermetic condensing unit, evaporator and expansion devices. The secondary unit has a pump for circulating a secondary fluid (ethyl alcohol), a heat exchanger and fan coil. Was also developed an analysis of energy efficiency in the compressor. The compression power and the power consumed at the compressor and the overall efficiency of the compressor to the capillary tube and the electronic expansion valve was observed. Can be seen that for the system in question, the electronic expansion valve proved to be more efficient for all conditions proposed for the capillary tube and the electronic expansion valve. Key words: Electronic Expansion Valve; capillary, comparative study; Automation
Mestrado
Termica e Fluidos
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Antico, Claudia. "Deslocamentos populacionais no Vale do Paraiba : crescimento e expansão urbana da região de São Jose dos Campos." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279108.
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Orientador: Neide Lopes PatarraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Não informado.
Abstract: Not informed.
Mestrado
Mestre em Sociologia
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Rett, Lucimara. "TV REGIONAL NO VALE DO PARAÍBA - SP: expansão, aspectos da audiência e modos de inserção local." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2009. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/877.
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Previous issue date: 2009-03-31Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Research about the communication networks regionalization, in special the television, phenomenon that represents a reality of mass media communication segmentation. The goal is to analyse and to classify the regional broadcast stations with regard to their local insertion modes, observing their specificities, the set of programs, communication strategies and actions in order to conquest the identity with the community where they are installed, besides to try comprehend how happened the television expansion in that region, since the implantation of the first broadcast station, in 1988, in São José dos Campos SP. As a part of study, the television broadcast stations of open signal in Vale do Paraíba, in the state of São Paulo, where selected. There were realized semi-open interviews with commercial and programming áreas and there where applyed questionnaires to a sample of the population of Vale do Paraíba, that represents the people who potentially watch television in the area that the broadcast satations reach, in order to identify the perception of the audience about the presence and performance of the local broadcast stations. It follows that the several local insertion modes of the broadcast stations directly affect the identity relationship between them and their spectators.(AU)
Investigação sobre a regionalização das redes de comunicação, em especial a televisão, fenômeno que representa uma realidade de segmentação da comunicação massiva. Objetiva-se analisar e classificar as emissoras regionais de televisão com relação aos seus modos de inserção local, observando-se suas especificidades, programação, estratégias de comunicação e ações de conquista de identidade com a comunidade onde estão inseridas, além de tentar compreender como se deu a expansão da televisão nessa região, desde a implantação da primeira emissora, em 1988, na cidade de São José dos Campos SP. Tomando-se como recorte de estudo, as emissoras de televisão regional de sinal aberto no Vale do Paraíba, estado de São Paulo, foram realizadas entrevistas semi-abertas com profissionais das áreas comercial e de programação das mesmas e aplicados questionários junto a uma amostra da população do Vale do Paraíba que representa os telespectadores potenciais da área de cobertura dessas emissoras, a fim de se identificar a percepção que o público receptor tem a respeito da presença e atuação das televisões locais. Conclui-se que os diferentes modos de inserção local das emissoras influem diretamente na relação de identidade das mesmas com os telespectadores da região.(AU)
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Silva, Neto Amintas Torres. "Caracterização geoambiental da área de expansão do município de Santana do Paraíso, Vale do Aço, MG." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geotecnia. Núcleo de Geotecnia, Escola de Minas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 2012. http://www.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/3350.
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Sendo o Plano Diretor um instrumento básico da política de desenvolvimento e expansão urbana, ele isoladamente não expressa a relação entre a ocupação urbana e as características do meio físico onde se instala. Para corrigir essa grave falha a carta Geoambiental referencia-se como instrumento público de gestão do uso do solo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a elaboração da carta de Indicação de Uso e Ocupação da área destinada à expansão urbana de Santana do Paraíso, município integrate da região metropolitana do Vale do Aço – MG. A elaboração do Mapa teve como critérios e fundamentos básicos a geologia e a geomorfologia, sendo esta preponderante na definição das unidades de uso e ocupação. A metodologia proposta para realização deste trabalho divide-se em 4 etapas: Fase de Inventário, Trabalhos de Campo, Caracterização de Uso e Ocupação e Verificação de Conflitos. Foram delimitadas quatro (04) unidades de Uso e Ocupação distintas. As informações referentes a cada unidade de Uso e Ocupação foram obtidas confrontando a carta de uso atual do solo com as de processos geodinâmicos, restrições legais e de geomorfologia possibilitando a determinação das áreas mais aptas para a ocupação urbana, proposição de ações de planejamento e gestão das unidades, considerando suas potencialidades. __________________________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT: Master Plan is a basic tool of development policy and urban sprawl, but itself can´t express the relationship between the urban occupations and the characteristics of the environment where it’s located. In order to fix this serious shortcoming, the geoenvironmental letter takes place as a public instrument of soil use management. This study aimed the elaboration of an occupation and identification of use map of the area selected to the urban expansion in the city of Santana do Paraíso, a member of the metropolitan area of Vale do Aço-MG. The map elaboration had as criteria and base , the geology and geomorphology, where geomorphology was more predominant while defining the use and occupation units. The proposed methodology for the realization of this study was divided into 4 stages: the inventory, fieldworks, use and occupation characterization and verification of conflicts. We defined four (4) distinct units of use and occupation. The information of each unit of information and occupation, were obtained confronting the current letters of soil use, geodynamic process, legal restriction and the geomorphologies one. Through this process we were able to determine the most suitable and appropriate areas for the urban occupation, propose planning and unit management actions, considering its potential. The map of use and occupation identification is an essential tool for the city´s urban and territorial planning.
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Chalençon, Ludivine. "Les stratégies de localisation et la création de valeur des fusions-acquisitions internationales." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30076.
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La globalisation des marchés et les mutations de l’environnement économique incitent les entreprises à accélérer leur expansion internationale par le biais de fusions-acquisitions. Si ces opérations de croissance externe présentent des avantages certains, elles ne sont pas sans risque et leurs performances restent contrastées. Cette recherche doctorale porte sur la localisation et la création de valeur des fusions-acquisitions réalisées par des entreprises françaises. L’analyse proposée comporte deux volets : (1) l’étude de l’influence exercée par les caractéristiques du pays de la cible sur le choix de l’acquéreur d’entreprendre des opérations dans les pays matures ou émergents ; (2) l’identification des déterminants de la création de valeur des fusions-acquisitions relatifs aux caractéristiques de l’acquéreur, de la cible et de l’opération, suivant leur localisation. L’étude empirique est fondée sur un échantillon de 395 fusions-acquisitions réalisées entre 2010 et 2012 par des acquéreurs du SBF 120. Les analyses statistiques effectuées (principalement des régressions logistiques et des études d’événements) montrent que les facteurs caractérisant le pays de la cible, et particulièrement la qualité des institutions, sont déterminants dans le choix de l’acquéreur de procéder à des opérations dans des pays matures ou émergents. Les résultats révèlent également que les variables associées à l’acquéreur et à l’opération exercent une influence significative sur la création de valeur des opérations, à la différence des facteurs liés à la cible qui ne semblent pas jouer un rôle majeurMarket globalization and the evolution of the economic environment motivate companies to accelerate their international expansion through mergers and acquisitions. These external growth operations have important advantages, but they also generate risks and their performance remains mixed. This doctoral research focuses on the location and value creation of mergers and acquisitions conducted by French companies. The presented analysis has two components: (1) studying the influence of the characteristics of the target country on the choice of acquirers to conduct operations in mature or emerging countries; (2) identifying the determinants of value creation of mergers and acquisitions related to the characteristics of the acquirer, the target and the operation, according to their location. The empirical study is based on a sample of 395 operations realized between 2010 and 2012 by acquirers listed on the SBF 120 index. The statistical analysis (mainly logistic regressions and event studies) shows that factors characterizing the target country, particularly the quality of institutions, are determinant for the acquirer’s choice to realize mergers and acquisitions in mature or emerging countries. The results also indicate that variables concerning the acquiring company and the operation have a significant influence on the value creation of mergers and acquisitions, unlike factors associated with the targets, which do not seem to play an essential role
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Ramos, Iúry Bugmann, Valmor 1963 Schiochet, and Universidade Regional de Blumenau Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional. "Crédito e desenvolvimento regional :a recente expansão das cooperativas de crédito no Médio Vale do Itajaí/SC /." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações FURB, 2012. http://www.bc.furb.br/docs/DS/2012/351391_1_1.PDF.
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Taboada, Hermoza Rossi. "Estrategias para el acceso al agua de uso agrario en un escenario de expansión agrícola y escasez hídrica: el caso de la Comisión de Usuarios Miguel Checa en el Valle del Chira." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/8845.
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Durante los últimos veinte años, la frontera agrícola del valle del Chira (Piura, Perú) se
ha expandido considerablemente y, en paralelo, atraviesa por recurrentes episodios de
escasez hídrica. Ambos aspectos que hoy caracterizan el valle son, en parte, producto
del incentivo a la agroindustria en valles costeños y de las reformas en las políticas
hídricas que rigen en el país. Así, los usuarios agrarios –que componen un grupo
heterogéneo compuesto por pequeños y medianos agricultores, así como empresas
agrícolas– desarrollan una serie de estrategias para acceder al agua de uso agrario en
una cuenca con un río declarado como agotado. A partir del caso de la Comisión Miguel
Checa, en el ámbito del valle del Chira, y con el empleo de una metodología cualitativa,
se identifica que las estrategias desarrolladas por los usuarios son: inversión para el
control de la infraestructura, autodefinición del derecho de agua, traslocación del
derecho de agua, redes de soporte, organización alterna para el control interno y
manifestaciones colectivas. El desarrollo de estas estrategias da cuenta de que la
institucionalidad de la gestión del agua de uso agrario en el Perú es híbrida y plurilegal,
ya que presenta una estructura compuesta por tres campos reguladores (campo de
instituciones administrativas públicas de agua, de organizaciones de usuarios y local o
de micro-sistemas de riego) que se hallan interconectados y en ocasiones entran en
conflicto por la definición del acceso al agua en términos de derecho de uso; no obstante,
ninguno de estos campos supera su estado de fragilidad y tampoco viabiliza cabalmente
la seguridad hídrica de los usuarios.During the last twenty years, the agricultural frontier of the Chira valley (Piura, Peru) has expanded considerably and, in parallel, is suffering from recurrent episodes of water scarcity. Both aspects that today characterize the valley are, in part, product of the incentive to the agribusiness in coastal valleys and the reforms in water policies that govern in the country. Thus, agricultural users - who make up a heterogeneous group composed of small and medium farmers, as well as agricultural companies - develop a series of strategies to access water for agricultural use in a watershed with a river declared as depleted. Since the case of the Miguel Checa Commission, in the Chira Valley area, and using a qualitative methodology, the strategies identified are investment for infrastructure control, self-definition of the right to Water, translocation of water law, support networks, alternate organization for internal control and collective manifestations. The development of these strategies shows that the institutionality of water management for agricultural use in Peru is hybrid and plurilegal, since it is composed of three regulatory fields (public water administrative institutions, user organizations And local or micro-irrigation systems) that coexist, intersect, and sometimes conflict with each other on the definition of access to water in terms of rights. Nevertheless, none of these fields exceeds its fragility neither does it fully enable the water security of the users.
Tesis
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MONTEIRO, Marcílio de Abreu. "Habitus, governanças institucionais e trajetórias tecnológicas: uma análise sociológica do espaço, o caso da expansão do óleo de palma (dendê) no Vale do Acará, Pará." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/9063.
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CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
O espaço alterado é compreendido pelas práticas sociais e pelas experiências vividas, conformadas no habitus, na técnica e nas instituições. A organização do espaço resulta de uma continuada e repetida combinação de ações e objetos, de acordo com representações, materiais e simbólicas, que interagem dentro de relações sociais, como vínculos subjetivos que se objetivam na conexão entre um recorte geográfico e as conformações sociais. A dinâmica das trajetórias tecnológicas, como elemento mais visível destas alterações, é a ferramenta analítica para indicar os movimentos advindos da ação e reação da estrutura estruturante diante de uma estrutura estruturada. A partir da construção destes elementos teórico-metodológicos, busca-se compreender o fenômeno do avanço do dendê na Amazônia pela referência das alterações decorrentes deste fato social, através de sua objetivação espacial. Tendo como estudo de caso as alterações ocorridas no Vale do Acará, Pará, como espaço-lugar, um espaço social e geográfico objetivado.
The altered space is understood by social practices and lived experiences, conformed in habitus, technique and institutions. The organization of space results from a continuous and repeated combination of actions and objects, according to representations, material and symbolic, that interact within social relations, as subjective bonds that are objectified in the connection between a geographic cut and the social conformations. The dynamics of technological trajectories, as a more visible element of these changes, is the analytical tool to indicate the movements arising from the action and reaction of the structuring structure before a structured structure. Based on the construction of these theoretical-methodological elements, it is sought to understand the phenomenon of the advance of palm oil in the Amazon by reference to the changes resulting from this social fact, through its spatial objectification. Having as a case study the alterations that occurred in the Vale do Acará, Pará, as space-place, an objectified social and geographic space.
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Štěrbáček, Luděk. "Podnikatelský záměr - rozšíření firmy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224479.
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The thesis develops a business plan dealing with the expansion of the present business. The business plan is built on teoretic bases, than it analyses current condition in the company and finally it suggests realization of expansion including economic evaluation. This business plan should help to owner of business to make a right strategic decision.
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Lemos, Marcelo Sant'Ana. "O índio virou pó de café?: a resistência dos índios Coroados de Valença frente à expansão cafeeira no Vale do Paraíba (1788-1836)." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2004. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1450.
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Les indigènes Coroados du Moyen Paraíba du Sud eurent leur territoire assiégé à la suíte de lexpansion de la frontière luso-brésilienne, pendant le XVIII ème et le XIX ème siècle. Ce processus, stimulé par lexpansion du marché intérieur du Sud-Est , créa lês conditions favorables à laccumulation de capitaux , nécessaires pour établir la culture du café , dans la région de Valença , ce qui fit accélerer le siège et la destructuration du style de vie Coroado. Il en résulta différents moments de résistance et dalliance avec la société luso- brésilienne et plus tard brésilienne , faits de progrès et de marches en arrière , qui donnèrent naissance à la bourgade de Valença (RJ). Au XIX ème siècle , dune manière générale, le problème indigène finit par être dépendant de la question de la terre néanmoins, ces processus se déroulèrent diféremment ,selon les localités, à des rythmes propres et particuliers, ce qui doit mériter l attention des chercheurs. À Valença (RJ), la question de la main-doeuvre indigène eut de limportance jusqu`a la deuxième décennie du XIX ème siècle et ce nest quà partir de ce moment-là que la question des terres devint fondamentale. La politique envers les indigènes subit dês variations selon la forme dapplication employée par les agents de l` État, laquelle eut dês répercussions sur la démographie des populations indigènes. La disparition politique des Coroados a lieu dès la 3ème décennie du XIX ème siècle.Cette disparition politique ne signifia pas pour autant leur extinction physique ou éthnique, telle quelle est interprétée et diffusée par lhistoriographie régionale.Os índios Coroados do Médio Paraíba do Sul sofreram um cerco, no seu território, como conseqüência da expansão da fronteira social luso-brasileira, nos sécs. XVIII e XIX. Esse processo foi estimulado pela expansão do mercado interno do Sudeste, que criou condições favoráveis para acumulação de capitais, necessários para o estabelecimento da lavoura cafeeira, na região de Valença (RJ), que acelerou o cerco e a desestruturação do modo de vida Coroado. Esse processo resultou em diferentes momentos de resistência e de composição com a sociedade luso-brasileira e depois brasileira, com avanços e recuos, que deram origem ao aldeamento de Valença (RJ).No século XIX, de uma maneira geral, a questão indígena foi subordinada ao problema da terra, mas cada local desenvolveu os seus processos com ritmos próprios e particulares, que devem merecer a atenção dos estudiosos. Em Valença (RJ) a questão da mão-de-obra indígena esteve presente, com peso, até a segunda década do século XIX, e somente daí em diante a questão de terras passa a ter centralidade. A política indígena variou também pela forma como foi aplicada pelos agentes do Estado, com repercussões demográficas nas populações indígenas. O desaparecimento político dos Coroados ocorre a partir da terceira década do século XIX. Esse desaparecimento político não significou a sua extinção física e nem étnica, como foi interpretado e difundido pela historiografia regional.
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Procházka, Jiří. "Hodnocení investičního projektu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-15954.
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Purpose of my thesis was globally evaluated investment project of JVP Praha company for expansion of production by reconstruction and addition of new production hall and purchase of new technology for vacuum procesing of plastics. For that purpose is part of the thesis financial analysis of company for last six years, comparing of company with development in this sector and also project risk analysis. Theoretic part is composed of: - Financial analysis of company, - Longterm investment decision making and - Value of company. Practical part is composed of: - Introduction of JVP Praha Company, - Company economic result analysis, - Comparing of company with development in this sector, - Investment project of building reconstruction for production and - Risk analysis. JVP Praha a.s., is the leading processer of plastics. JVP Praha a.s. is a production company focusing on production from plastic materials. Since its foundation, the company has been specialising in production of plastic parts by air-assist forming technology. Due to steadily increasing quality of production, our company obtained certification ISO 9001:2000, granted by the organisation TÜV CERT in 2003. The net present value of the investment is markedly positive and the discounted The Payback Period is very short
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Rosander, Carl, and Harald Johansson. "OMXS30 på genomresa i en lågräntemiljö : En studie om drivande faktorer för P/E-multipeln på OMXS30." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177826.
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Titel: OMXS30 på genomresa i en lågräntemiljö Författare: Harald Johansson & Carl Rosander Handledare: Øystein Fredriksen Bakgrund och problem: En tillgångs pris kan beskrivas som en funktion av vinsten som tillgången genererar samt hur mycket en investerare är villig att betala för en andel av den vinsten. Tidigare studier har presenterat motsägande resultat huruvida det främst är variation i multipeln eller om det är förändring i vinsttillväxten som driver aktiepriser. Från år 2010 till år 2019 har OMXS30 kännetecknats av en stark prisuppgång på 84,2 % under perioden. Författarna vill analysera om det är en multipelexpansion eller stigande vinster som har drivit prisuppgången för OMXS30, samt analysera drivande faktorer för indexets P/E-multipel. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att analysera vad som drivit prisutvecklingen av OMXS30 från år 2010 till år 2019. Studien syftar även till att analysera hur de utvalda faktorerna har påverkat P/E-multipeln på OMXS30 under denna period. Metod: I Uppsatsen appliceras ett kvantitativt och deduktivt tillvägagångssätt för att uppnå studiens syfte. Författarna har använt sig av enkla och multipla regressioner som analysmetod för att analysera de utvalda faktorernas påverkan på P/E-multipeln för OMXS30 under tidsperioder om fem och tio år från år 2010 till år 2019. Slutsats: Trots att OMXS30 visat på en stark prisuppgång har ingen betydande multipelexpansion skett eftersom vinsttillväxten utvecklats likvärdigt med priset. Räntans starka korrelation och signifikans med P/E-multipeln på OMXS30 är i linje med både teori och resultatet från tidigare studier, vilket innebär att sambandet även gäller i den lågräntemiljö som studiens tidsperiod präglats av. Även skuldsättningsgradens samband med P/E-multipeln uppvisade statistisk signifikans på 1 % under studiens tidsperiod, vilket kan ses som en ny värdedrivare att ta hänsyn till när P/E-multipeln analyseras eftersom dess frekvens i tidigare studier varit begränsad.Background and problem: The price of an asset can be described as a function of the profit it generates, as well as how much investors are willing to pay for that profit. Prior studies have presented contradicting results regarding if it is the variation in the valuation multiple that drives stock prices,or if it is changes in the growth rate of the profits. Between 2010-2019, the Swedish stock index OMXS30 has been characterized by its strong development of 84,2 %, and the authors want to analyze if the strong development of OMXS30 has been driven by a multiple expansion or profit growth. Theauthors will also analyze value drivers of the P/E ratio for the entire index. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze what has driven the price development of OMXS30 between year 2010 to year 2019. Furthermore, the study aims to analyze how the chosen value drivers have contributed to the development of the index during the chosen time period. Methodology: The study applies a quantitative and deductive approach to fulfill the purpose of the study. The authors have applied both simple and multiple regressions as method of analysis during periods of five and ten years, in order to analyze how the chosen value drivers impacts the P/E ratio of the OMXS30. Conclusion:The strong price development of the OMXS30 has not resulted in a significant multiple expansion,which can be derived to the fact the profit growth has had an equally strong development on theindex. The statistically significant and highly correlated relationship between the interest rate andthe P/E ratio of the OMXS30 is in line with both theory and previous studies on the topic, which implies that the relationship remains true in the low interest environment that has been present during the chosen time period. The relationship between the debt to equity ratio and the P/E ratiowas statistically significant at 1 % during the chosen time period, which makes the ratio a new value driver to consider when the P/E ratio is analyzed, especially since the mentioning of the debt to equity ratio as a value driver for the P/E ratio has been limited in both theory and previous studies.
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Glos, Jan. "Modelování a řízení toků elektrické a tepelné energie v plně elektrických automobilech." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433039.
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Systematické řízení tepelných a elektrických toků v plně elektrických automobilech se stává velmi důležitým, protože v těchto typech automobilů není k dispozici dostatek odpadního tepla pro vytápění kabiny. Aby v zimním období nedocházelo ke snížení dojezdu, je nutné použití technologií, které umožní snížení spotřeby energie nutné k vytápění kabiny (např. tepelné čerpadlo, zásobník tepla). Je také zapotřebí vytvořit řídicí algoritmy pro tato zařízení, aby byl zajištěn jejich optimální provoz. V letním období je nezbytné řídit tepelné toky v rámci elektromobilu tak, aby nedocházelo k nadměrnému vybíjení baterie kvůli chlazení kabiny a dalších částí. Tato práce řeší jak návrh řídicích algoritmů, tak i vývoj rozhodovacího algoritmu, který zajistí směřování tepelných toků.
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Vytasil, Michal. "Vliv obtokového součinitele na návrh a geometrii přímého výparníku pro chladící jednotku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240238.
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Diploma thesis focuses on effect of the bypass factor on design and geometry of the evaporator for the cooling unit of data centre. Effect of the bypass factor on individual design parameters is solved in detail. All dependendecies are captured by using graphs in which s placed a cement on that parameter. In part C, mathematical and physical solutions are demonstrated calculations and processes leading to the design of the exchanger. In the end, evaluation of the calculations is done and there is also showed possible improvements for the practise.
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Maia, Joseli Andrades. "A influência do Campus do Vale da UFRGS na urbanização do seu entorno a partir da perspectiva dos moradores do bairro Santa Isabel, Viamão / RS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/134395.
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A temática dessa pesquisa tratou da expansão da urbanização a partir da implantação de Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), cujo intuito foi avaliar a influência desse tipo de empreendimento no aumento populacional do seu entorno. A busca pela cidade é um fenômeno crescente e iniciou no país em meados dos anos 1950, onde atrativos ligados ao trabalho e renda incentivaram boa parte da população nesse processo. Portanto, a cidade se constituiu como um mosaico de diferentes ações ao longo do tempo e uma dessas relações são as ocupações populacionais no entorno das IES. Desde a sua criação, a função das Universidades tem evoluído: de uma instituição de ensino formal a uma agente criadora e modeladora de espaços. Como um espaço de produção do pensamento científico, a universidade também pode atrair a população não acadêmica para o seu entorno, auxiliando na produção e orientação do uso do solo no qual está inserida, como por exemplo, na mobilidade urbana, na geração de fontes de trabalho e na especulação imobiliária. A presente pesquisa buscou como estratégia de investigação o Estudo de Caso e analisou parte do bairro viamonense Santa Isabel, especialmente a vila Jardim Universitário, localizado na divisa com o Campus do Vale da UFRGS, este em Porto Alegre. Partindo da questão se o Campus do Vale influenciou na expansão da urbanização do seu entorno, os principais instrumentos de coleta de dados foram a entrevista e o questionário com os moradores locais, totalizando uma amostra de 354 pessoas Segundo 62,7% dos moradores da amostra, a UFRGS foi responsável pela expansão da urbanização no seu entorno. Embora quantitativamente os valores encontrados apontem essa responsabilidade ao campus, outros fatores também foram importantes, como é o caso do valor do uso do solo. Em um primeiro momento o bairro se constituiu como uma alternativa viável para a residência, devido o preço dos lotes e da localização próxima à capital, beneficiando principalmente a população com baixo poder aquisitivo que trabalhava em Porto Alegre. Em um segundo momento, no final da década de 1970 – a partir da construção do Campus do Vale – observou-se a expansão da urbanização com o aumento da população e a redução de áreas vazias para dar espaço à construção civil. Em campo analisou-se a grande relação que há entre moradores da amostra e os pontos de serviços oferecidos nas dependências da universidade, estes disponíveis para a comunidade, como é o caso das agências bancárias, e das farmácias. Além disso, a presença do campus universitário é importante na região para a geração de empregos e na dinâmica imobiliária, observada através do aluguel para os estudantes, valorizando a região. Mais notadamente, o terminal de ônibus dentro da universidade é um dos serviços mais utilizados pela comunidade não acadêmica, pois muitos trabalham na capital gaúcha e residem em Viamão.The theme in this research treated the expansion of urbanization from the implementation of Higher Education Institutions (HEI), whose purpose was to evaluate the influence of this type of enterprise in the population growth in the surroundings. The search for the city is a growing phenomenon and began in the country in the mid-1950s, where attractions related to the work and encouraged good income part of the population in this process. Therefore, the city is like a mosaic of different actions over time and these relations are the population occupation in the vicinity of HEI. Since its creation, the role of universities has evolved: from a formal educational institution to a creative agent and molding spaces. As a scientific thought production space, the university can also attract non-academic people to your surroundings, assisting in production and direction of land use in which it operates, such as in urban mobility, in generating sources work and property speculation. This research sought as a research strategy the study the case and analyzed part of viamonense Santa Isabel neighborhood, especially Jardim Universitário Village, located on the border with Campus do Vale of UFRGS, this in Porto Alegre. Starting from the question if the Campus do Vale influenced the expansion of urbanization of its surroundings, the main data collection instruments were interview and questionnaire to local residents, totaling a sample of 354 people According to 62.7% of the residents of the sample, the UFRGS was responsible for the expansion of urbanization in its surroundings. Although quantitatively the values found point that responsibility to the campus, other factors were also important, such as the value of land use. At first, the neighborhood is constituted as a viable alternative to the residence, because the price of land use and the location close to the capital, mainly benefiting the population with low income who worked in Porto Alegre. In a second step, at the end of the 1970s - from the construction of the Campus do Vale - there was the expansion of urbanization with increasing population and the reduction of empty areas to make room for construction. On the fieldwork it was analyzed the great relation between residents of the sample and the points of services offered within the university, these are available to the community, as in the case of banks, and pharmacies. In addition, the presence of the university in the region is important for generating jobs and real estate speculation, observed through the rent to students, valuing the region. Most notably, the bus terminal within the university is one of the services most used by the non-academic community, because many work in the state capital and reside in Viamão.
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Huamán, Tejo Alejandra Estefanía. "Tierras en pugna : cambios en la tenencia y el valor de la tierra comunal frente a la expansión del agronegocio del etanol en el valle del Chira, Piura : el caso de la comunidad campesina San Lucas de Colán." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/10279.
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El último censo agrario en el Perú ha mostrado un incremento en la concentración de tierras para complejos agroindustriales, adquiridos a través de la ampliación de la frontera agrícola y apoyados por el Estado. La mayoría de ellos se encuentra en el norte del Perú, considerado como un polo de desarrollo agroindustrial por su ubicación estratégica que facilita el acceso a mercados nacionales e internacionales. No obstante, muchas de estas nuevas tierras se adjudican sobre territorios de comunidades campesinas y sus formas tradicionales de tenencia de la tierra. Basado en un trabajo de campo etnográfico en la comunidad de San Lucas de Colán (valle del Chira, Piura), esta tesis analiza las formas en que el agronegocio de la caña de azúcar para etanol redefine a la comunidad y transforma el vínculo entre esta y los comuneros a partir de la tenencia y el valor de la tierra. La agroindustria logra apropiarse de tierras comunales a través de formas directas (como el arriendo y la
compraventa) e indirectas (como la agricultura por contrato), controlando
efectivamente la tierra y reformulando las formas tradicionales de apropiación de la tierra y producción campesina. Estos procesos transforman los sistemas locales de tenencia de la tierra, cambiando las regulaciones comunales sobre el recurso y creando un desbalance en las relaciones entre la comunidad y las familias campesinas, quienes empiezan a cuestionar los antiguos roles y funciones de la comunidad. Así, la tenencia comunal de la tierra y las narrativas sobre el valor de las tierras comunales son puestas a prueba y cuestionadas por discursos sobre valor de la tierra bajo un esquema de producción agroindustrial, en un contexto de creciente presión sobre la tierra para su mercantilización y financiarización.Tesis
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Simone, Leandro Wada. "Padrões de ocupação do território e a distribuição da cobertura florestal na área de expansão urbana : o caso da região de Paranapiacaba e Parque Andreense no município de Santo André (SP)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2015.
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Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Simone Rodrigues de FreitasDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território, 2015.
As atividades humanas e o crescimento e expansão urbana têm gerado mudanças significativas na cobertura da terra, particularmente na cobertura florestal, influenciando a ocupação do território. Neste contexto o presente trabalho busca verificar os principais fatores que restringem a remoção da vegetação nativa do Bioma Mata Atlântica nos arredores dos bairros Parque Represa Billings III e Chácaras Carreira, ambos localizados na região de Paranapiacaba e Parque Andreense, no município de Santo André-SP. Para essa discussão o presente trabalho apresenta algumas bases conceituais sobre florestas, o estado da arte das pesquisas sobre interações homemambiente em ecossistemas florestais em áreas urbanas, um resgate histórico sobre a ocupação do território do município, um breve histórico da legislação da área de mananciais, das políticas públicas ambientais e de sustentabilidade de Santo André e da criação da Subprefeitura de Paranapiacaba e Parque Andreense. Traz também um estudo de caso sobre a motivação para moradia nos bairros do Parque Represa Billings III e Chácaras Carreira e um estudo sobre a fragmentação florestal dos bairros Parque Represa Billings III, Chácaras Carreira e bairros de entorno, entre os anos de 2002 e 2010. Os resultados mostram que o eixo de desenvolvimento do município, localizado nas proximidades da Estrada de Ferro Santos-Jundiaí, fez com que áreas próximas a ela se desenvolvessem mais rapidamente. Depois, a maior distância de centros urbanos, a dificuldade de acesso, a presença reduzida de infraestrutura urbana, as restrições impostas pela legislação ambiental e de ocupação de uso do solo e as ações de fiscalização e de controle ambiental adotadas pelo poder público, influenciaram o valor da terra e contribuíram para desmotivar a ocupação da região pelo mercado imobiliário formal, refletindo na quantidade e qualidade das florestas presentes na região atualmente. Contudo não é possível afirmar que a preservação das florestas na região ocorrerá em médio e longo prazo, sendo necessário pensar em ações regionais integradas que extrapolem as divisas municipais, a criação de um conjunto de intervenções para o controle do desmatamento de florestas por instituições regionais, o planejamento de oportunidades econômicas favoráveis para o uso sustentável de florestas e diversos tipos de uso da terra compatíveis com a preservação da cobertura florestal.
Human activities and growth and urban expansion have generated significant changes in land cover, particularly in forest cover, influencing the occupation of the territory. In this context the present study aims to verify the main factors that restrict the removal of native vegetation of the Atlantic Forest Biome in the vicinity of Parque Represa Billings III and Chácaras Carreira, both located in Paranapiacaba and Parque Andreense Region in the municipality of Santo André-SP. For this discussion this paper presents some conceptual bases on forests, the state of the art research on human-environment interactions in forest ecosystems in urban areas, a historical review on the occupation of the municipal territory, a brief history of the area of legislation fountains, environmental policies and Santo André sustainability and the creation of Subprefeitura de Paranapiacaba e Parque Andreense. It also brings a case study on the motivation for housing in the Parque Represa Billings III and Chácaras Carreira and a study of forest fragmentation of Parque Represa Billings III, Chácaras Carreira and surrounding districts, between 2002 and 2010. The results show that the development axis of the city, located near the Railroad Santos-Jundiaí, meant that areas near it develop more quickly. Then the greatest distance from urban centers, difficult access, the reduced presence of urban infrastructure, the restrictions imposed by environmental legislation and land use occupation and enforcement actions and environmental control measures adopted by the government, influenced the land value and contributed to discourage the occupation of the formal housing market region, reflecting the quantity and quality of forests present in the region currently. Yet it is not possible to say that the preservation of forests in the region occur in the medium and long term, being necessary to think in integrated regional actions that go beyond municipal currencies, the creation of a set of interventions to control the clearing of forests for regional institutions, planning favorable economic opportunities for sustainable use of forests and various types of land use compatible with the preservation of forest cover.
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Moore, Kieron R. "Coupled Boussinesq equations and nonlinear waves in layered waveguides." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13636.
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There exists substantial applications motivating the study of nonlinear longitudinal wave propagation in layered (or laminated) elastic waveguides, in particular within areas related to non-destructive testing, where there is a demand to understand, reinforce, and improve deformation properties of such structures. It has been shown [76] that long longitudinal waves in such structures can be accurately modelled by coupled regularised Boussinesq (cRB) equations, provided the bonding between layers is sufficiently soft. The work in this thesis firstly examines the initial-value problem (IVP) for the system of cRB equations in [76] on the infinite line, for localised or sufficiently rapidly decaying initial conditions. Using asymptotic multiple-scales expansions, a nonsecular weakly nonlinear solution of the IVP is constructed, up to the accuracy of the problem formulation. The asymptotic theory is supported with numerical simulations of the cRB equations. The weakly nonlinear solution for the equivalent IVP for a single regularised Boussinesq equation is then constructed; constituting an extension of the classical d'Alembert's formula for the leading order wave equation. The initial conditions are also extended to allow one to separately specify an O(1) and O(ε) part. Large classes of solutions are derived and several particular examples are explicitly analysed with numerical simulations. The weakly nonlinear solution is then improved by considering the IVP for a single regularised Boussinesq-type equation, in order to further develop the higher order terms in the solution. More specifically, it enables one to now correctly specify the higher order term's time dependence. Numerical simulations of the IVP are compared with several examples to justify the improvement of the solution. Finally an asymptotic procedure is developed to describe the class of radiating solitary wave solutions which exist as solutions to cRB equations under particular regimes of the parameters. The validity of the analytical solution is examined with numerical simulations of the cRB equations. Numerical simulations throughout this work are derived and implemented via developments of several finite difference schemes and pseudo-spectral methods, explained in detail in the appendices.
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Bouquiaux, Christel. "Semiparametric estimation for extreme values." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210910.
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Nous appliquons la théorie asymptotique des expériences statistiques à des problèmes liés aux valeurs extrêmes. Quatre modèles semi-paramétriques sont envisagés. Tout d'abord le modèle d'échantillonnage de fonction de répartition de type Pareto. L'index de Pareto est le paramètre d'intérêt tandis que la fonction à variation lente, qui intervient dans la décomposition de la fonction de survie, joue le rôle de nuisance. Nous considérons ensuite des observations i.i.d. de fonction de répartition de type Weibull. Le troisième modèle étudié est un modèle de régression. On considère des couples d'observations $(Y_i,X_i)$ indépendants, les v.a. $X_i$ sont i.i.d. de loi connue et on suppose que la fonction de répartition de la loi de $Y$ conditionnellement à $X$ est de type Pareto, avec une fonction à variation lente et un index $gamma$ qui dépendent de $X$. On fait l'hypothèse que la fonction $gamma$ a une forme quelconque mais connue, qui dépend d'un paramètre $\Doctorat en sciences, Orientation statistique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Marcou, Alice. "Interactions d’ondes et de bord." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14267/document.
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Tout d'abord, des ondes de surface, solutions de problèmes aux limites hyperboliques non linéaires, sont étudiées : on construit une solution BKW sous forme de développement infini en puissance de epsilon. On le justifie rigoureusement, en construisant une solution exacte, qui admet ce développement asymptotique. On montre que la solution n'est pas nécessairement purement localisée sur la frontière, même lorsque le terme source l'est ; l'exemple d'un cas particulier de l'élasticité est traité. Ensuite, on étudie la réflexion d'ondes non linéaires discontinues, pour des problèmes aux limites hyperboliques, faiblement bien posés, ni fortement stables, ni fortement instables. On étudie comment les singularités d'une solution striée sont réfléchies lorsque la solution atteint la frontière. On prouve des estimations striées et en normes infinies. On montre qu'une discontinuité du gradient de la solution à travers un hyperplan peut être réfléchie en une discontinuité de la solution elle-mêmeWe first study surface waves, solutions of hyperbolic nonlinear boundary value problems. We construct BKW solutions in the weakly nonlinear regime with infinite expansion in powers of ε. We rigorously justify this expansion,constructing exact solutions, which admit the asymptotic expansions. We also show that the solution is not necessarily localized at the order O(ε∞) in the interior, even if the data are ; a particular case of elasticity is studied: we prove that fast oscillatory elastic surface waves can produce non trivial internal non oscillatory displacements.Afterwards, we study the reflection of non linear discontinuous waves, for weakly well-posed hyperbolic boundary value problems, satisfying the (WR) condition, which has been introduced in [1, 12], that is in a case where the IBVP is neither strongly stable, nor strongly unstable. We study how the singularities of a striated solution are reflected when the solution hits the boundary. We prove striated estimates and L∞ estimates and observe the loss of one derivative: we show that a discontinuityof the gradient of the solution across an hyperplane can be reflected in a discontinuity across an hyperplane of the solution itself
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Kassir, Wafaa. "Approche probabiliste non gaussienne des charges statiques équivalentes des effets du vent en dynamique des structures à partir de mesures en soufflerie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1116/document.
Full textAbstract:
Afin d'estimer les forces statiques équivalentes du vent, qui produisent les réponses quasi-statiques et dynamiques extrêmes dans les structures soumises au champ de pression instationnaire induit par les effets du vent, une nouvelle méthode probabiliste est proposée. Cette méthode permet de calculer les forces statiques équivalentes du vent pour les structures avec des écoulements aérodynamiques complexes telles que les toitures de stade, pour lesquelles le champ de pression n'est pas gaussien et pour lesquelles la réponse dynamique de la structure ne peut être simplement décrite en utilisant uniquement les premiers modes élastiques (mais nécessitent une bonne représentation des réponses quasi-statiques). Généralement, les mesures en soufflerie du champ de pression instationnaire appliqué à une structure dont la géométrie est complexe ne suffisent pas pour construire une estimation statistiquement convergée des valeurs extrêmes des réponses dynamiques de la structure. Une telle convergence est nécessaire pour l'estimation des forces statiques équivalentes afin de reproduire les réponses dynamiques extrêmes induites par les effets du vent en tenant compte de la non-gaussianité du champ de pression aléatoire instationnaire. Dans ce travail, (1) un générateur de réalisation du champ de pression instationnaire non gaussien est construit en utilisant les réalisations qui sont mesurées dans la soufflerie à couche limite turbulente; ce générateur basé sur une représentation en chaos polynomiaux permet de construire un grand nombre de réalisations indépendantes afin d'obtenir la convergence des statistiques des valeurs extrêmes des réponses dynamiques, (2) un modèle d'ordre réduit avec des termes d'accélération quasi-statique est construit et permet d'accélérer la convergence des réponses dynamiques de la structure en n'utilisant qu'un petit nombre de modes élastiques, (3) une nouvelle méthode probabiliste est proposée pour estimer les forces statiques équivalentes induites par les effets du vent sur des structures complexes décrites par des modèles éléments finis, en préservant le caractère non gaussien et sans introduire le concept d'enveloppes des réponses. L'approche proposée est validée expérimentalement avec une application relativement simple et elle est ensuite appliquée à une structure de toiture de stade pour laquelle des mesures expérimentales de pressions instationnaires ont été effectuées dans la soufflerie à couche limite turbulenteIn order to estimate the equivalent static wind loads, which produce the extreme quasi-static and dynamical responses of structures submitted to random unsteady pressure field induced by the wind effects, a new probabilistic method is proposed. This method allows for computing the equivalent static wind loads for structures with complex aerodynamic flows such as stadium roofs, for which the pressure field is non-Gaussian, and for which the dynamical response of the structure cannot simply be described by using only the first elastic modes (but require a good representation of the quasi-static responses). Usually, the wind tunnel measurements of the unsteady pressure field applied to a structure with complex geometry are not sufficient for constructing a statistically converged estimation of the extreme values of the dynamical responses. Such a convergence is necessary for the estimation of the equivalent static loads in order to reproduce the extreme dynamical responses induced by the wind effects taking into account the non-Gaussianity of the random unsteady pressure field. In this work, (1) a generator of realizations of the non-Gaussian unsteady pressure field is constructed by using the realizations that are measured in the boundary layer wind tunnel; this generator based on a polynomial chaos representation allows for generating a large number of independent realizations in order to obtain the convergence of the extreme value statistics of the dynamical responses, (2) a reduced-order model with quasi-static acceleration terms is constructed, which allows for accelerating the convergence of the structural dynamical responses by using only a small number of elastic modes of the structure, (3) a novel probabilistic method is proposed for estimating the equivalent static wind loads induced by the wind effects on complex structures that are described by finite element models, preserving the non-Gaussian property and without introducing the concept of responses envelopes. The proposed approach is experimentally validated with a relatively simple application and is then applied to a stadium roof structure for which experimental measurements of unsteady pressures have been performed in boundary layer wind tunnel