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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Expectation gap

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Academic literature on the topic 'Expectation gap'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Expectation gap"

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Nazri Fadzly, Mohamed, and Zauwiyah Ahmad. "Audit expectation gap." Managerial Auditing Journal 19, no. 7 (2004): 897–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02686900410549420.

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Hardy, Les. "The Expectation Gap." Critical Perspectives on Accounting 14, no. 3 (2003): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cpac.2002.0600.

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Lee, Teck Heang, and Azham Md Ali. "AUDIT EXPECTATION GAP: CAUSES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIPONS." Indonesian Management and Accounting Research 8, no. 1 (2009): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/imar.v8i1.1199.

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The auditing profession believes the increase of litigation and criticism against the auditors can be contributed to the audit expectation gap. The audit expectation gap is defined as the difference between what the public expects from an audit and what audit profession accepts the audit objective to be. The audit expectation gap is critical to the auditing profession because the greater the unfulfilled expectations from the public, the lower is the credibility, earning potential and prestige associated with the work of auditors. The objectives of the paper are two-fold. Firstly, it attempts t

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El Badlaoui, Anass, Saida Naji, and Badreeddine Chegri. "Audit expectation gap: Evidence from Morocco." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 21, no. 2 (2024): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.21(2).2024.13.

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Global scandals and the collapse of major entities without any prior warning have undermined stakeholder confidence in the auditing profession and have shown that users of financial statements may have different opinions on the auditors’ responsibilities, highlighting the audit expectation gap. The present study aims to identify the existence of an audit expectation gap and its components in an emerging country, namely Morocco. For this purpose, a structured questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale was randomly administered to 152 respondents, including auditors, investors, managers, b

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Salehi, Mahdi. "Quantifying Audit Expectation Gap: A New approach to Measuring Expectation Gap." Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business 19, no. 1 (2016): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zireb-2016-0002.

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Abstract The main objective of the study is at first identifying the expectation gap about audit responsibility and the second quantifying the expectation gap in Iran. In order to collecting data, a questionnaire designed and developed between auditors and investors. Collected data analyzed by employing non-parametric statistics test. The results show that there is expectation gap between auditors and investors in Iran. The current study employed a new approach in the world in order to quantifying the expectation gap. It gives the more strength to other researchers in order to measuring audit

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Trauth, Eileen M., Douglas W. Farwell, and Denis Lee. "The IS Expectation Gap: Industry Expectations versus Academic Preparation." MIS Quarterly 17, no. 3 (1993): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/249773.

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von Meyer-Höfer, Marie, Sina Nitzko, and Achim Spiller. "Is there an expectation gap? Consumers’ expectations towards organic." British Food Journal 117, no. 5 (2015): 1527–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2014-0252.

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Purpose – While the European organic regulation exists since more than 20 years consumers still do not seem to know what to expect from European Union (EU) labelled organic food. The purpose of this paper is to examine consumer expectations towards organic food in mature and emerging EU organic food markets. Design/methodology/approach – Online consumer survey data (n=1,180; 2011) from Germany, the UK, Spain, and the Czech Republic are used to analyse the question: “Which criteria would you expect of an organic food product labelled with the EU-organic label?”. In total, 23 items including org

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Shahirah Sahidan, Siti Nur, Raziah Bi Mohamed Sadique, Norhayati Alias, and Noor Hasniza Haron. "The Determinants of Audit Expectation Gap in Malaysia." Accounting and Finance Research 12, no. 4 (2023): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/afr.v12n4p43.

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This study intended to identify the determinants of the audit expectation gap in Malaysia. The expectation gap is defined as the different perspectives of what society thinks and what society wants the auditors to do. Previous Malaysian researchers prove the existence of audit expectations. However, only some studies identify determinants of the audit expectation gap in Malaysia. Recent studies show that the Malaysian public misunderstood auditors' duties and audit scope. This quantitative research addresses the relationship between auditors’ skills, auditors’ efforts, knowledge of society, an

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GREENBAUM, LARRY. "The Great Expectation Gap." Internal Medicine News 45, no. 5 (2012): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1097-8690(12)70237-8.

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Ozili, Peterson K. "Financial Inclusion Expectation Gap." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 21, no. 3-4 (2023): 252–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341630.

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Abstract The objective of this article is to define the financial inclusion expectation gap, offer some insight into the nature and the causes of it, and suggest ways to reduce the gap. The discussion in the article provides helpful insights into this problem towards achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. It is hoped that such an attempt can provide insights to understand the expectation gap in financial inclusion.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Expectation gap"

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Tekleab, Ermias Estifanos. "The audit expectation gap in Eritrea." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5622.

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Özkaya, Yücel. "Risikoorientierte Anlagefondsrevision : Konzepte zur Reduktion des Expectation Gap /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00047797.pdf.

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Madsen, Pierre. "Commercial Loan Officers and the Audit Expectation Gap." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202335.

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The audit expectation gap, generally known as the differences between what users of financialstatements expect from the auditor and what the auditor actually provides, is present andresulting to a widespread concern. This thesis aims to investigate the level and nature of the audit expectation gap betweenauditors and commercial loan officers. In addition, this thesis also asks the question ifeducation is a mean to reduce commercial loan officers’ audit expectation gap. A questionnaire containing seven-point Likert scales with bipolar adjectival statements wassent to auditors and commercial loa

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Menezes, Joana Condesso e. "O expectation gap e a independência em auditoria." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14475.

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Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais<br>A elaboração deste Trabalho Final de Mestrado procurou estudar a aparência de independência dos auditores em contexto nacional. Para o efeito foram inquiridos três grupos de profissionais do setor financeiro. A independência dos auditores é tida como um pilar fundamental para o correto exercício da função de auditoria, fiscalização e controlo da gestão, bem como na transmissão de informação fidedigna e objetiva aos diversos stakeholders. Partindo desta ideia, de acordo com a literatura, foi-nos possível categorizar cinco ameaças à independência dos auditore

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Nordenson, Malin, and Niclas Lehmann. "Mind the Gap : A study of the student-audit expectation gap and factors affecting it." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-115035.

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This study explore the expectation gap between students and audit practitioners, and if certain factors have any significant impact on the students conformity to the practitioners expectations. The study is limited to business students and audit practitioners. We used an Independent Sam-ples T-Test and Pearson Correlation Analysis to conduct the analysis of 286 student responses and 98 practitioner responses. The results confirm previous research; the expectation gap exists. The findings concerning the relationship between factors and students conformity were some-what inconsistent. However, w

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Dopitová, Šárka. "Očekávání veřejnosti (expactation gap) ve vztahu k externímu auditu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-125160.

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The thesis deals with the public expectations in relation to external audit and especially the difference of these expectations from how auditors themselves percieve their role (so called expectation gap). First, it briefly outlines the origin, development and the role of external audit. The following chapters describe how the non-professional public understands audit, what are the causes of unreasonable expectations and to which areas they are most often related. Finally, the consequences arising from the existence of unreasonable expectations (or expectation gap) are reviewed and ways how to

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Nienaber, S. G. (Sarel Gerhardus). "The expectation gap between taxpayers and tax practitioners in a South African context." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/32400.

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The relationship between taxpayers and tax practitioners is complex, as many diverse aspects shape their interaction. This explains why taxpayers and tax practitioners hold different expectations regarding tax services, leading to an expectation gap between taxpayers and tax practitioners. The primary objective of this qualitative study was to gain an understanding of the factors that contribute to the expectation gap between taxpayers and tax practitioners in South Africa. To achieve this primary objective, the Interactive Qualitative Analysis process was used as a research method to identif

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Sterzeck, Gisele. "Audit expectation gap nos litígios das firmas de auditoria." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-14062017-093241/.

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As responsabilidades que envolvem a atividade do auditor é um assunto muito debatido, principalmente em episódios de fraudes e outros escândalos financeiros. Em geral, são nesses momentos que a função do auditor é questionada, e o mercado atribui determinadas responsabilidades a esses profissionais que podem não corresponder com as suas atribuições (Audit Expectation Gap - AEG). Porter (1990) dividiu o AEG em dois principais componentes: (i) Gap de Desempenho e (ii) Gap de Razoabilidade. O último refere-se à diferença de expectativas sobre as quais os usuários das informações financeiras acham

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Parvaiz, Gohar. "Skills expectation-performance gap : a study of Pakistan's accounting education." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/8768.

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Higher education institutions are always directed through policy reforms to promote graduates employability by developing skills in students that contribute to human capital. This interest in employability through education system in the development of skills reflects is part of human capital theory. Considering this, underlying research investigates the expectation-performance gap in the development of generic skills for the purpose of employability offered by the accounting institutes of Pakistan. For the purpose of answering the research question, this research, adopted the theoretical fram

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Kuroiwa, Kelly J. "The gender-gap in educational expectations." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1236374.

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This study utilizes the 10th-12th-grade panel from the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NEIS:88) to examine the gender-gap in educational expectations. The study uses regression analysis to determine whether background, academic, social, and career variables affect educational expectations differently for males and females and whether these differences can explain the gender-gap in educational expectations. Socio-economic status and having professional career aspirations have stronger effects on educational expectations for males. However, no significant sex differences were found in t

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Books on the topic "Expectation gap"

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American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Private Companies Practice Section. and Expectation Gap Roundtable (1992 : Charleston, S.C.), eds. The Expectation gap standards: Progress, implementation issues, research opportunities. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 1993.

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Tweedie, D. P. Challenges facing the auditor: Professional fouls and the expectation gap. University College Cardiff, 1987.

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Scotland, Scotland HM Inspectorate of Constabulary for. Narrowing the gap: Police visability and public reassurance : managing public expectation and demand. H.M. Inspectorate of Constabulary for Scotland, 2002.

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Francis, Graham. Is there an expectation gap of mathematical skills between accounting education and practice? Open University Business School, 1998.

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Nnamani, Chimaroke. Gap crisis in transition democracy and the challenges of a proper expectation framework. s.n., 2003.

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Longo, Susan C. Advanced audit efficiency: An integrated approach to audit planning under the expectation gap SASs. Professional Development Institute, University of North Texas, 1990.

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Mitchell, Catherine. Contract law and contract practice: Bridging the gap between legal reasoning and commercial expectation. Hart Publishing, 2013.

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Prem, Sikka, and Chartered Association of Certified Accountants., eds. Eliminating the expectations gap? Certified Accountants Educational Trust, 1992.

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Reynolds, Thomas G. Expectations gap in auditing standards. The Author], 1995.

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Piger, Jeremy Max. Inflation: Do expectations trump the gap? Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Expectation gap"

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Nickson, Ray, and Alice Neikirk. "Reducing the Expectation Gap." In Managing Transitional Justice. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77782-5_7.

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Krambia-Kapardis, Maria, Salomi Dimitriou, and Ioanna Stylianou. "Disentangling the Expectation Gap for Compliance Officers." In Financial Compliance. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14511-8_9.

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Rosén, Julia, Jessica Lindblom, and Erik Billing. "The Social Robot Expectation Gap Evaluation Framework." In Human-Computer Interaction. Technological Innovation. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05409-9_43.

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Rosén, Julia, Erik Billing, and Jessica Lindblom. "Applying the Social Robot Expectation Gap Evaluation Framework." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35602-5_13.

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Mio, Chiara, and Marco Fasan. "IR: The Big Promise and the Expectation Gap." In Integrated Reporting. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55149-8_15.

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Lai, Linda S. L. "An Expectation-Perception Gap Analysis of Information Systems Failure." In Methodologies for Developing and Managing Emerging Technology Based Information Systems. Springer London, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3629-3_12.

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Casolari, Federico. "EU Loyalty After Lisbon: An Expectation Gap to Be Filled?" In The EU after Lisbon. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04591-7_5.

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Ng, Yew-Kwang. "Does Money Buy Happiness?" In Happiness—Concept, Measurement and Promotion. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4972-8_7.

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AbstractAfter a relatively low level of survival and comfort, additional consumption does not increase happiness significantly, especially at the social level. At the individual level, people want more due to the relative competition effect which cancels out at the social level. In addition, the adaptation effects and environmental disruption effects also work to limit the contributions of higher consumption and enlarge the gap between expectation and actuality.

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Halbrügge, Stephanie, Lars Wederhake, and Linda Wolf. "Reducing the Expectation-Performance Gap in EV Fast Charging by Managing Service Performance." In Exploring Service Science. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38724-2_4.

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Pócza, Kálmán. "Closing the Expectation Gap? Crisis of Hungarian Parliamentarism in the Inter-War Period." In The Ideal of Parliament in Europe since 1800. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27705-5_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Expectation gap"

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Fontdecaba-Rigat, Sara, and Ariel Duarte-López. "PERCEPTUAL GAP BETWEEN MARKS AND EXPECTATIONS." In 17th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2024.1990.

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Dieguez, Teresa, Paula Loureiro, and Isabel Ferreira. "The gap between the expectations of Gen Z and Organizations in Industry 4.0." In 2024 International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Computer Vision (ISCV). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscv60512.2024.10620114.

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McGill, Monica M. "Defining the expectation gap." In the 4th International Conference. ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1536513.1536542.

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Yuan, Xiu-e., and Ying Liu. "Causes and Control of Dynamic Audit Expectation Gap." In 3d International Conference on Applied Social Science Research (ICASSR 2015). Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icassr-15.2016.116.

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Amor, Guira. "THE AUDITING EXPECTATION GAP IN ALGERIA: REASONS AND SOLUTIONS." In 44th International Academic Conference, Vienna. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2018.044.003.

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Bashir, Sajid. "Audit Expectation Gap in Accounting Further Relections with a Comparative Analysis of UK, Singapore & China." In Annual International Conference on Accounting and Finance (AF 2017). Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-1997_af17.54.

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Yanagisawa, Hideyoshi. "A Computational Model of Human Perception With Prior Expectation: Bayesian Integration and Efficient Coding." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46669.

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Human perception of sensory stimuli is affected by prior prediction of the sensory experience. For example, perception of weight of an object changes depending on weight predicted with size of the object appearance. We call such psychological phenomena expectation effect. The expectation effect is a key factor to explain a gap between physical variables and their perceptions. In this paper, we propose a novel computational model of human perception involving the expectation effect. We hypothesized that perceived physical variable was estimated using a Bayesian integration of prior prediction a

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Kuhnert, Barbara, Marco Ragni, and Felix Lindner. "The gap between human's attitude towards robots in general and human's expectation of an ideal everyday life robot." In 2017 26th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/roman.2017.8172441.

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Taylor, Sue, Mary Ryan, and Leonie Elphinstone. "SAVING THE WORLD ON A SHOESTRING: UTILISING COHORT DIVERSITY AND ENHANCED TECHNOLOGY TO BRIDGE THE HIGHER EDUCATION EXPECTATION GAP." In 14th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2021.1117.

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"Subcontractors Satisfaction Analysis On Purchaser's Service Quality With Servqual Methode, Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) Methode, And Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) Methode In Shipyard At Surabaya." In Maritime Business Management Conference. Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya, 2024. https://doi.org/10.33863/mbmc.v3i1.3207.

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In the last 3 (three) years, the number of Sub Contractors at the Shipyard in Surabaya has decreased. It can be caused by many things, one being the service quality received by subcontractors. This research aimed to find service satisfaction scores, find attributes that need improvement and find the solutions for improving service quality at Shipyard in Surabaya. This research uses the Servqual method, the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) method, and the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method. The Servqual method shows 18 (eighteen) variables have a negative gap (under expectation) and

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Reports on the topic "Expectation gap"

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Rincón-Torres, Andrey Duván, Andrés Felipe Salas-Ávila, and Juan Manuel Julio-Román. Inflation Expectations: Rationality, Disagreement and the Role of the Loss Function in Colombia. Banco de la República, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1262.

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We study the behaviour of three quantitative sample surveys and a non sample inflation expectation report for Colombia. We found that expectations in Colombia; (i) are not strongly, i.e. a la Muth, rational because they show cross-section disagreement, (ii) expectations, however, show some features of weak rationality, (iii) expectations disagreement is time varying and relate to inflation, inflation changes and the output gap, thus suggesting a staggered information flow to agents, (iv) the forecast error loss function employed by agents is not symmetric and increasingly penalizes higher expe

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Crump, Richard K., Stefano Eusepi, Marc Giannoni, and Ayşegül Şahin. The Unemployment-Inflation Trade-off Revisited: The Phillips Curve in COVID Times. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59576/sr.1086.

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Using a New Keynesian Phillips curve, we document the rapid and persistent increase in the natural rate of unemployment, ut*, in the aftermath of the pandemic and characterize its implications for inflation dynamics. While the bulk of the inflation surge is attributed to temporary supply factors, we also find an important role for current and expected negative unemployment gaps. Through the lens of the model, the 2022-23 disinflation was driven by the expectation that the unemployment gap will close through a progressive decline in ut* and a rise in the unemployment rate. This implies that con

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Carrión-Tavárez, Ángel. Perspectives on Economic Freedom in Puerto Rico. Mont Pelerin Society, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53095/13582016.

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This work provides a panoramic view of the state of economic freedom in Puerto Rico. It begins with a brief historiographical note on the institutionalization of colonialism and dependency under the United States. It explains that Puerto Rico is the least free jurisdiction in the United States, primarily due to the public policies and regulatory framework of the Government of Puerto Rico. The expectation that the Island would converge with the wealthiest U.S. jurisdictions never materialized; on the contrary, the economic gap has widened—even in comparison with the poorest U.S. states. The art

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Arce, Fernando, and Andrew Powell. Revelation of Expectations in Latin America (REVELA): No 42: July, 2014. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008101.

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The June 2014 surveys of expectations conducted by Central Banks with inflation targeting regimes indicate that average growth expectations for 2014 have fallen from 3.6% to 3.4% while inflation expectations for 2014 have remained stable at 4.8%. In all but one of the countries studied (the exception being Colombia), expected 2014 growth decreased between the May and June surveys. Indeed, expected growth fell in Brazil (0.4%), Chile (0. 2%), Guatemala (0.1%), Mexico (0.1%), Paraguay (0.2%), Peru (0.2%) and Uruguay (0.2%). Expected growth now ranges between 5.0% (Peru) to 1.2% (Brazil). The GDP

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Arce, Fernando, and Andrew Powell. Revelation of Expectations in Latin America (REVELA): Issue 36: October, 2013. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008093.

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The September 2013 surveys of expectations conducted by Central Banks with inflation targeting regimes indicate that average growth expectations have remained constant while average inflation expectations increased. Still, expected 2013 growth fell in Mexico by some 0. 4% comparing the September to August surveys, while other countries saw rebounds - Brazil (0. 2%), Paraguay (0. 1%), and Uruguay (0. 1%). The simple average inflation expectation for the region for 2013 is 4. 4%, whereas the simple average expectation for growth remained at 4. 5%, although GDP weighted growth increased to 2. 6%.

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Arce, Fernando, and Andrew Powell. Revelation of Expectations in Latin America (REVELA): No. 39 : March, 2014. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008097.

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The February 2014 surveys of expectations conducted by Central Banks with inflation targeting regimes indicate that average growth expectations for 2014 have fallen from 3. 9% to 3. 8% while inflation expectations for 2014 have remained stable at 4. 6%. In most of the countries studied, expected 2014 growth decreased between the January and February surveys. Indeed, expected growth fell in Brazil (0. 3%), Chile (0. 2%), Mexico (0. 2%), Paraguay (0. 3%), Peru (0. 1%) and Uruguay (0. 1%). Expected growth now ranges between 5. 5% (Peru) and 1. 8% (Brazil). The GDP weighted average inflation expec

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Arce, Fernando, and Andrew Powell. Revelation of Expectations in Latin America (REVELA): No. 40 : May, 2014. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008099.

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The April 2014 surveys of expectations conducted by Central Banks with inflation targeting regimes indicate that average growth expectations for 2014 have remained constant at 3. 7% while inflation expectations for 2014 have increased from 4. 7% to 4. 8%. In most of the countries studied, expected 2014 growth decreased between the March and April surveys. Indeed, expected growth fell in Brazil (0. 1%), Chile (0. 1%), Mexico (0. 1%) and Paraguay (0. 1%). Expected growth now ranges between 5. 5% (Peru) to 1. 7% (Brazil). The GDP weighted average inflation expectation for the region for 2014 is 5

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Arce, Fernando, and Andrew Powell. Revelation of Expectations in Latin America (REVELA): Issue 30: September, 2013. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008090.

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The April 2013 surveys of expectations conducted by Central Banks with inflation targeting regimes indicate that average growth expectations have risen while inflation expectations have remained stable. Simple average growth expectations for 2013 are 4. 9% and GDP weighted average growth expectations are 4. 3%. There was a significant rise in growth expectations in Paraguay, to reach 10. 8%. The simple average inflation expectation for 2013 remains at 4. 5% and the GDP weighted average is 4. 8%. Inflation expectations increased in Guatemala (0. 3%), Mexico (0. 2%), and Paraguay (0. 1%). Conver

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Uche, Chidi, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Retrospective Study of Inspectors Competency in the Act of Writing GMP Inspection Report. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317445.

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The research was a retrospective study of twenty-five Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) inspection reports (from March 2017 through to December 2018) of a national medicine regulatory agency, drug Inspectorate, in West Africa, designed to assess the inspectors’ expertise in the act of inspection report writing. The investigation examined a paper-based tool of thirteen pre-registration Inspection reports and twelve GMP reassessment reports written prior and following an intervention program by external GMP trainers to enhance inspectors’ skill in pharmaceutical cGMP inspection. The study made u

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Arce, Fernando, and Andrew Powell. Revelation of Expectations in Latin America (REVELA): Issue 35: September, 2013. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008091.

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The August 2013 surveys of expectations conducted by Central Banks with inflation targeting regimes indicate that growth expectations have fallen while average inflation expectations remained constant. The simple average inflation expectation for the region for 2013 is 4. 4%, whereas the simple average expectation for growth is now 4. 5%, although GDP weighted growth fell to 2. 5%. Expected growth for 2013 fell in Mexico by some 0. 9% comparing the August to July surveys, while other countries saw milder declines - Brazil (0. 1%), Chile (0. 1%), Colombia (0. 1%) and Peru (0. 3%). Inflation exp

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