Academic literature on the topic 'Expenditure management'

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Journal articles on the topic "Expenditure management"

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Jaelani, Aan. "PUBLIC EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA:." HUNAFA: Jurnal Studia Islamika 15, no. 2 (2018): 189–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.24239/jsi.v15i2.527.189-224.

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This paper discusses the management of public expenditures in Indonesia in State Budget 2017. The data collected from fiscal policy documents, especially about government spending plans in 2017, and then be reviewed by policy analysis, the theory of public expenditures, and the theory of public goods, and compared with the theory of public expenditure in Islamic economics. Public expenditure management in Indonesia has implemented a distribution system that divided public expenditure for central government expenditures, transfers to the regions, and the village fund. In terms of fiscal policy,
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Zhou, Gideon. "Three Decades of Public Expenditure Management in Zimbabwe." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 2, no. 3 (2012): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v2i3.2098.

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Sound public expenditure management forms the bedrock of public administration. It facilitates producence, efficiency, transparency and accountability in expenditure processes at various levels of government. This serves as a long term barricade aginst debt trap. This article responds to these fundamental concerns by examining the nature, processes and challenges of public expenditure management in Zimbabwe. Reviews of expenditure management systems in Zimbabwe show general consistence with those in Anglophone Africa. Ministries of finance, working closely with spending ministries, Accounting
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Aamir, Muhammad, and Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah. "Impact of Firm's Capital Expenditure on Working Capital Management: An Empirical Study across Industries in Pakistan." Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies 1, no. 2 (2015): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jafee.v1i2.66.

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Various researchers have studied the Impact of capital expenditure on working capital management. This paper aims to analyze the impact of capital expenditure in the light of the fixed effect model on 96 listed companies with respect to working capital management. Data related to the specific time period of 2007-2010 has been focused. The impact of capital expenditure, operating expenditure and finance expenditure on working capital has been analyzed. In this connection, keeping in mind nature of the variables of the study, Net Liquidity Balance (NLB) and Working Capital Requirement (WCR) has
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Bista, Raghu Bir, and Kiran Prasad Sankhi. "Assessing Multiplier Effects of Public Expenditures on Economic Growth in Nepal: SVAR Model Analysis." Quantitative Economics and Management Studies 3, no. 2 (2022): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.qems755.

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This paper assesses the multiplier effects of public expenditures on economic growth in Nepal, covering time series data sets of public expenditures and economic growth from 1974-75 to 2018-19 by using the SVAR model. As a result of the SVAR model, the multiplier effect of public expenditure, recurrent expenditure, and capital expenditure is positive for economic growth. In a result, the multiplier effect of recurrent expenditure is found to be more promising than capital expenditure for economic growth in the short run, but in the long run, it is lower. Similarly, the multiplier coefficient v
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Indrawati, Novy Karmelita, Defia Nurbatin, and Pudji Lestari. "PELATIHAN PENGELOLAAN PENGELUARAN PRODUKTIF TERHADAP LABA AKUNTANSI PADA UMKM." Jurnal Edukasi Pengabdian Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36636/eduabdimas.v2i1.2096.

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MSMEs, as small-scale household businesses, often do not have an adequate level of financial management knowledge. The business profit generated, of which the largest portion is usually used to meet family consumption needs, is neglected in favor of business development. with the method of introducing productive finance to their business profits and continuing with management assistance so that MSMEs can make decisions to allocate some of their business profits to productive financial expenditures. Productive expenditure itself can be in the form of business development, investment, or the pur
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McAlpine, R. S. "Searching for a climate change effect in fire management expenditures." International Journal of Wildland Fire 9, no. 3 (1999): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf00007.

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A level-of-protection simulation model was used with fire and weather data from 1976 to 1998 to determine if there was a trend in fire management expenditures over the time period. Results indicate that there was no trend; neither the average expenditure nor the standard deviation of the expenditure has changed substantively over the given time frame. It is concluded that authors who point to increasing fire management expenditures as a possible indicator of climate change may be premature in their conclusions.
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Frumina, S. V. "Principles of tax expenditure management." Siberian Financial School, no. 2 (August 22, 2023): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34020/1993-4386-2023-2-32-36.

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The subject of the article is tax expenditures that affect the formation of budget revenues of the budgetary system. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the principles of tax expense management. The principles are considered as the key rules on the basis of which the impact on tax expenditures is carried out according to the set goals. In the article, tax expenditures are equated with the falling budget revenues. The principles of tax expenditure management are considered as a symbiosis of the legislatively fixed principles of the budget system, the principles of taxation and the cla
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Thi, Thuy Ha Hoang. "Current Situation of Local Budget Management of the Province: Case of Hai Duong, Vietnam." International Journal of Case Studies (ISSN Online 2305-509X) 09, no. 03 (2021): 75–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4902843.

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The paper summarizes studies on budget expenditure management, thereby analyzing the situation of local budget revenue and expenditure management in Hai Duong Province, Vietnam. The situation of provincial budget revenues and expenditures is still inadequate, since then the author has proposed recommended solutions to improve the efficiency of local budget management in Hai Duong Province, Vietnam.
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Zhu, Yongjuan, Longfeng Wang, Bingshi Zhang, and Sun Li. "A Comparative Research on the Capitalization and Expense Accounting of Enterprise R&D Expenditures." Advances in Economics and Management Research 1, no. 2 (2022): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aemr.1.2.135.

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The accounting method of R&D expenditure has a significant impact on the production and operation performance of enterprises with the increase of R&D investment. The research analyzes the different effects of R&D expenditure capitalization and expense processing methods on the financial status, capital status and subsequent R&D investment scale of enterprises, and concludes that enterprises should comprehensively balance the principles of measurement prudence and relevance when choosing R&D expenditure accounting policies. The R&D expenditure accounting management shoul
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Zhu, Yongjuan, Longfeng Wang, Bingshi Zhang, and Sun Li. "A Comparative Research on the Capitalization and Expense Accounting of Enterprise R&D Expenditures." Advances in Economics and Management Research 2, no. 1 (2022): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aemr.2.1.135.

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The accounting method of R&D expenditure has a significant impact on the production and operation performance of enterprises with the increase of R&D investment. The research analyzes the different effects of R&D expenditure capitalization and expense processing methods on the financial status, capital status and subsequent R&D investment scale of enterprises, and concludes that enterprises should comprehensively balance the principles of measurement prudence and relevance when choosing R&D expenditure accounting policies. The R&D expenditure accounting management shoul
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Expenditure management"

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Aris, Sulaiman Bin. "Risk management in public expenditure management and service delivery in Malaysia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1119/.

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The study seeks to clarify why donors such as the World Bank still insist on the use of their financial management system rather than the recipient country’s financial management system, despite the intention under the Paris Declaration 2005 to use the respective government’s systems. The study then explores the reasons why the financial management system used by the World Bank is more effective in managing risks related to public financial management and aid as compared to the Government of Malaysia approach. The study compares financial management by the World Bank and Ministry of Education,
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Sridharan, Sivakumar. "Energy expenditure in kidney failure : implications for management." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14932.

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Renal replacement therapy, in the form of dialysis or transplantation, is the cornerstone of management for end-stage renal disease. UK renal registry shows nearly half of those needing renal replacement therapy are treated by dialysis – predominantly by haemodialysis. Patients on renal replacement therapy have increased mortality risk compared to age matched general population. Moreover, some specific subgroups of patients on haemodialysis have increased risk of mortality than expected. The survival benefit seen in women in the general population is attenuated resulting in similar survival fo
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Schmidt, Adelia. "Measuring marketing productivity : linking marketing expenditure to sales." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20056.

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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Over the past two decades company performance has become the mantra of corporate theory. It follows that marketers have recently become understandably preoccupied with measuring the performance of marketing activity. In fact, the pressure for financial accountability has led to widespread concern over the role of the marketing function within a company. Some go as far as contemplating the demise of marketing professionals unless marketers develop an understanding of the marketing-finance interface and are able to enter in
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Nezafatkhah, Sadaf. "Visualizing risk management data associated with capital expenditure projects." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/37663.

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Described in this thesis is an approach for visualizing data associated with the risk management function for large capital expenditure projects. The thesis first explores the current use of data visualization in support of the analytical reasoning involved in the risk management process and then explores some additional images that facilitate the process of extracting information in response to specific analytical reasoning needs. Contributions include casting light on the state-of-the-art of the use of data visualization in support of risk management (i.e. visualization tools that exist) and
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Shmarovoz. "BUDGETING AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISE EXPENDITURE." Thesis, Київ 2018, 2018. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/33903.

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Turner, Michael James. "An Investigation of Asset Expenditure Management in Australian Hotels." Thesis, Griffith University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365224.

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Australian hotels compete with hotels in other countries in the international tourism market and must therefore be in good physical condition to meet international and domestic traveller expectations. This highlights the importance of hotels maintaining a continuing vigilance with respect to ensuring asset related expenditure decision making is appropriately conducted. Such decisions are, however, complex due to their high dollar value as well as their cyclical, ambiguous and frequently irreversible nature. The broad aim of this research is to further understanding of factors relating to asset
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Norgbey, Wisdom Selorm. "Management of capital expenditure for infrastructure programmes in the North-West Province." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021075.

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The need for programme management to align, coordinate and manage a portfolio of construction projects to deliver benefits that would not be achievable if the projects were managed independently in a turbulent economic environment, limitations of project management, and increasing stakeholder expectations cannot be over emphasised. In the construction industry, the implementation of programme management has been bedevilled with major challenges of which the North West Department of Public Works (DPW) CAPEX programme is no exception. The CAPEX programme has been noted for delivering fewer infra
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Osborne, William A. "IMPROVING FARM MANAGEMENT DECISIONS BY ANALYZING PRODUCTION EXPENDITURE ALLOCATIONS AND FARM PERFORMANCE STANDING." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/agecon_etds/20.

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This study examines the potential effects of categorical increases in production expenditures on farm income performance according to farm standing. The objective of this study is to expose differences in anticipated net farm income return from production expenditure investments and the optimal expense allocation strategy for each performance level. Studying farm performance through segregation by utilizing a two-tier analysis and quantile regression acknowledges the possibility that managerial strategy can differ based on managerial ability. Study outcomes are useful to farm managers because
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Vilane, Nomcebo Serrah. "Assessing the impact of the Municipal Financial Minimum Competency Programme on expenditure management." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/77897.

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Municipal expenditure management is critical for leveraging the overall effective performance of the Department of Local Government. This research assessed the impact of the municipal financial minimum competency programme on expenditure managementin five local municipalities in the Bojanala Platinum District Municipality (Bojanala Platinum). These five local municipalities are: Moretele, Madibeng, Moses Kotane, Kgetlengrivier and Rustenburg. The study, which was based on the quantitative research approach, was conducted by using the prescribed financial ratios of the National Treasury (2014)
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Farmer, Steven Alan. "Risk stratification and management of patients presenting with suspected acute cardiac ischaemia at a Greater London Accident and Emergency Department." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322512.

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Books on the topic "Expenditure management"

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Office, Great Britain Cabinet, and Great Britain Treasury, eds. Public expenditure management. H.M.S.O., 1989.

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Premchand, A. Public expenditure management. International Monetary Fund, 1993.

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Great Britain. Cabinet Office. Training Development Division. and Great Britain Treasury, eds. Public expenditure management. H.M.S.O., 1989.

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1954-, Gray Cheryl Williamson, World Bank, and World Bank. Poverty Reduction and Economic Management., eds. Public expenditure management handbook. World Bank, 1998.

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World Bank. South Asia Regional Office. Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit., South Asia Environment and Social Development Unit., and World Bank. South Asia Regional Office. Rural Development Sector Unit., eds. Pakistan public expenditure management. Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Sector Unit, South Asia Region, 2004.

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Division, Canada Library of Parliament Political and Social Affairs. The expenditure management system revisited. Library of Parliament, 1989.

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Premchand, A. Fiscal adjustment and expenditure management. National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, 2002.

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Finance, Canada Department of. Improving expenditure management and accountability. Department of Finance Canada, 2003.

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Remi, Adeyemo, National Centre for Economic Management and Administration (Nigeria), United Nations Development Programme, United Nations. Dept. of Economic and Social Development., and Workshop on Public Expenditure Programming and Management (1992 : Katsina, Nigeria), eds. Public expenditure programming and management. NCEMA, 1992.

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Canada. Library of Parliament. Research Branch. The expenditure management system revisited. Library of Parliament, Research Branch, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Expenditure management"

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Drury, Colin. "Accounting for overhead expenditure." In Management and Cost Accounting. Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6828-9_4.

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Griffith, Alan, and Paul Watson. "Operations, Cost Planning and Monitoring Expenditure." In Construction Management. Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-50021-1_5.

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Tribe, Michael, and Nelson Wanambi. "Development Expenditure Management in Uganda." In Development Planning and Poverty Reduction. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403943743_10.

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Brumby, James, and Richard Hemming. "Medium-Term Expenditure Frameworks." In The International Handbook of Public Financial Management. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137315304_11.

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Parniangtong, Sathit. "Strategic Sourcing: Expenditure Category Strategy Formulation." In Management for Professionals. Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1723-0_4.

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Cripps, Matthew, Alan Stuttard, and Geoffrey Woodhall. "The Planning and Control of Revenue Expenditure." In Financial Management. Macmillan Education UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-04246-0_6.

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Woodhall, Geoffrey, and Alan Stuttard. "The Planning and Control of Revenue Expenditure." In Financial Management. Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13199-0_6.

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Terry, Nicholas G. "Private Money in Public Expenditure." In The Evolution of Public Management. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11473-3_3.

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Haitao, Ma, and Jiang Aihua. "Separated Management of Revenue and Expenditure." In Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese Economics. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4036-9_737.

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Cripps, Matthew, Alan Stuttard, and Geoffrey Woodhall. "The Planning and Control of Capital Expenditure: Preparing Capital Estimates." In Financial Management. Macmillan Education UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-04246-0_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Expenditure management"

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Kirilova Filipova, Milena, and Daniela Stefanova Tancheva. "DETERMINANTS OF R&D EXPENDITURE: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF BULGARIA." In 13th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2023“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2023.957.

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Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) place importance on the development of the global economy. Over 90% of the enterprises in the territory of the EU and in Bulgaria are of the SMEs type. The activity of SMEs is essential for the development of the economy of each country. The report aims to analyze the relationship between innovation expenditures of small and medium-sized enterprises (R&amp;D_EXP_SMEs), real economic growth (R_GDP), index of economic freedom (IND_ECO_FRI) and corruption perceptions index (COR_PER_IND) for economy of Bulgaria. Annual data for the period 2000–2020 with 21
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Rasyid, Ardiansyah, and Viter Pratama. "Family Firm and Capital Expenditure." In Ninth International Conference on Entrepreneurship and Business Management (ICEBM 2020). Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210507.003.

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SIMUȚ, Ramona, and Ciprian SIMUȚ. "ECONOMIC GROWTH AND R&D EXPENDITURE IN ROMANIA. AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH." In International Management Conference. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2021/02.02.

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Research and Development (R&amp;D) seems to be an important element in economic growth, provided it is coupled with several other factors. The benefits of R&amp;D are quantifiable in the long run, as well as in the short run. R&amp;D brings benefits not only at a local level, but also at a regional level, and if done right, it influences nearby countries or states. Private and public funding for R&amp;D are different and bring in different results. As for the source of funding, it seems that government funding is less efficient, compared to private funding. Either way, R&amp;D is beneficial fo
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Szarowská, Irena. "Impact of public R&D expenditure on economic growth in selected EU countries." In Business and Management 2016. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.16.

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The aim of the paper is to investigate influence of research and development (R&amp;amp;D) expenditure on economic growth in 20 selected EU member states in the period 1995-2013, time span is also divided into a pre-crisis and a post-crisis period. Basic source of data is Eurostat database.The research is based on a dynamic panel regression model (GMM) and estimations are based on Arellan-Bond estimator (1991). Results confirm positive and statistically significant impact of government R&amp;amp;D expenditure, which is the main driver for economic growth during the analysed period. Importance
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Hošková, Elena, and Iveta Zentková. "Engel Expenditure Curves for Households in the Slovak Republic and Income Elasticity of Expenditure." In Ninth International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.s.p.2023.173.

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The paper aims to investigate how household income in the Slo­vak Republic affects household expenditure on various goods and servic­es. The data are drawn from the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic for the period 2005-2022. The impact of income on expenditure was quantified through Engel expenditure functions for 11 groups of goods and services. The results of the regression analysis indicated that expenditure on all the goods and services under study increased with the increase in income. In­come elasticities of expenditure indicated that the expenditure of a house­hold with two chil
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Kolinets, Lesya, and Oleksandr Dluhopolskyi. "Military spending and economic growth: is there an interdependence? Case of developed countries." In 14th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2024“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2024.1261.

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This study investigates the impact of military spending and arms exports on economic growth. Using data from developed countries spanning the period 1973–2022, we employ a regression model to analyse the relationship between gross domestic investment, military expenditure, arms exports, and GDP per capita growth. Our findings indicate that domestic investment has a significant positive influence on economic growth, while military spending and arms exports show negligible effects. The results emphasize the critical importance of domestic investment in fostering economic development, highlightin
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Taujanskaitė, Kamilė, and Eugenijus Milcius. "Management of Household Expenditure by Using Value Decomposition Technique." In 1st International Conference on Business Management. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/icbm.2015.1611.

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Yong-liang, Zhao, and Gao Ying-xin. "A study of public expenditure deviation in China." In 2011 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2011.6070113.

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Martínez, J., and V. H. Zarate. "Data acquisition system for remote measurement of expenditure in open channels." In WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2009. WIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm090431.

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Chen, Qianqin, and Jiayu Wen. "Appropriation Cost, Government Expenditure and Income Disparity." In 2016 International Conference on Modern Management, Education Technology, and Social Science (MMETSS 2016). Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mmetss-16.2017.69.

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Reports on the topic "Expenditure management"

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Pak, Kimchoeun, and David Craig. Accountability and Public Expenditure Management in Decentralised Cambodia. Cambodia Development Resource Institute, 2008. https://doi.org/10.64202/wp.38.200807.

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Cambodia is entering a new phase of decentralisation and deconcentration (D&amp;D), aiming to restructure sub-national administration, particularly at the provincial level. The reform seeks to establish unified provincial and district administrations accountable to both the central government and local populations, supported by transparent allocation of functions and funding. However, the mechanisms for achieving accountable fiscal relationships remain unclear, and provincial public finance arrangements are poorly understood. Drawing on three years of research within a broader study on sub-nat
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Gómez Sabaini, Juan C., and Pedro Velasco. Tax Expenditures for Promoting Investment Applied to Corporate Income Tax. Inter-American Development Bank, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008558.

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This report was commissioned by the Inter-American Development Bank's Fiscal and Municipal Management Division of the Institutional Capacity and Finance Sector within the framework of the project Tax Expenditures: Reducing Abuse and Increasing Effectiveness. It tackles controversial questions regarding the interpretation, criteria, and estimation methodologies of tax expenditures in the field of corporate income tax aimed at encouraging investment. It is intended to provide the basis for a dialogue, which could be further developed, leading to the future establishment of tax expenditure estima
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Domingo, Sonny, and Arvie Manejar. Policy, Institutional, and Expenditure Review of Bottom-up Approach Disaster Risk Reduction and Management. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2021. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2021.03.

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Pinto, Diana M., Laura Giles Álvarez, Gianluca Cafagna, Nuria Tolsa Caballero, and Carola Pessino. Public Expenditure Efficiency in Health Care in Latin America and the Caribbean: Highlights from an IDB Workshop on Public Expenditure Efficiency and Outcomes. Inter-American Development Bank, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007992.

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With the aim of guiding the work agenda on improving public health expenditure efficiency in the LAC region, the Inter-American Development Bank held a workshop entitled “Public Expenditure Efficiency and Outcomes: Application to Health, Challenges and Opportunities for Improvements in Latin America and the Caribbean” in March 2016. This document presents key discussions from the workshop, which brought together professionals in public financial management and healthcare. It focuses on understanding and measuring both technical and allocative efficiency, identifying measurable indicators of in
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Qiao, Baoyun, Xiaoqin Fan, Hanif Rahemtulla, Hans van Rijn, and Lina Li. Critical Issues for Fiscal Reform in the People’s Republic of China Part 1: Revenue and Expenditure Management. Asian Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220575-2.

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This paper examines revenue and expenditure management in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and recommends ways to cut risk and strengthen the resilience of the fiscal system. The paper outlines the PRC’s fiscal reforms and the impact of COVID-19. It notes the financing gap facing subnational governments that play a key role in providing public investment in infrastructure. The authors discuss the PRC’s need to adjust its focus on economic growth to tackle its fiscal imbalance, improve the sustainability of local government finances, and address inequality and environmental degradation. Thi
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Bonomo, Marco, Claudio R. Frischtak, and Paulo Ribeiro. Public Investment and Fiscal Crisis in Brazil: Finding Culprits and Solutions. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003199.

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We investigate the relation between existing fiscal rules and investments in the context of a fiscal crisis in Brazil. We analyze existing fiscal rules at national and subnational levels, their enforcement, and proposed alternatives. Using narrative analysis, case studies, interviews, empirical estimation, and model simulations, we conclude that public investment is not closely related to fiscal rules in Brazil but is mainly determined by fiscal conditions both at national and subnational (state) levels. It is the steady increase of personnel expenditures in real terms that underlies the fisca
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Goetsch, Arthur L., Yoav Aharoni, Arieh Brosh, et al. Energy Expenditure for Activity in Free Ranging Ruminants: A Nutritional Frontier. United States Department of Agriculture, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696529.bard.

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Heat production (HP) or energy expenditure for activity (EEa) is of fundamental nutritional importance for livestock because it determines the proportion of ingested nutrients available for productive functions. Previous estimates of EEa are unreliable and vary widely with different indirect methodologies. This leads to erroneous nutritional strategies, especially when intake on pasture does not meet nutritional requirements and supplementation is necessary for acceptable production. Therefore, the objective of this project was to measure EEa in different classes of livestock (beef cattle and
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Elacqua, Gregory, Danielle Nascimento, Tássia Cruz, Vinicius Princiotti, and Caio Callegari. Training Leaders for School Management in Pernambuco. Inter-American Development Bank, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18235/0013489.

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In this Technical Note, we document the unique experience of the state of Pernambuco in restructuring its School Management Training Program (Progepe), adopting the Certificate in Education Finance (CFE) from Georgetown University as its methodological framework. For the first time, the course included educational finance modules, and the study aimed to analyze the profile of the future school managers participating in the program, as well as their perceptions and prior and post-training knowledge regarding education funding at national, local, and school levels. The methodology consisted of a
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Brosh, Arieh, David Robertshaw, Yoav Aharoni, Zvi Holzer, Mario Gutman, and Amichai Arieli. Estimation of Energy Expenditure of Free Living and Growing Domesticated Ruminants by Heart Rate Measurement. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7580685.bard.

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Research objectives were: 1) To study the effect of diet energy density, level of exercise, thermal conditions and reproductive state on cardiovascular function as it relates to oxygen (O2) mobilization. 2) To validate the use of heart rate (HR) to predict energy expenditure (EE) of ruminants, by measuring and calculating the energy balance components at different productive and reproductive states. 3) To validate the use of HR to identify changes in the metabolizable energy (ME) and ME intake (MEI) of grazing ruminants. Background: The development of an effective method for the measurement of
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Arce, Eliécer, and Edgar A. Robles. Fiscal Rules and the Behavior of Public Investment in Costa Rica and Panama: Towards Growth-Friendly Fiscal Policy? Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003071.

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This paper aims to provide evidence on the effects of fiscal rules on public investment, fiscal results and growth in Costa Rica and Panama. First, we find that the budget formulation process and the political economy behind the adoption and compliance of fiscal rules explain that Panama has a bias to create and sequentially pile up rules, while Costa Rica has a tendency not to comply with them. Second, a retrospective analysis of the 2018 fiscal rules in both nations finds asymmetric effects on the fiscal results. In Panama it is difficult to separate the effect of fiscal rule designs on publ
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