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1
Walker, Dominic. "Experimental geographies, artists, and institutions : spaces of, and practices for, knowing." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30159.
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This thesis draws on previous engagements between art and Geography in experimental geographies to explore relationships between artists and different forms of institutions. It focuses on experimental artists and associated experimental artist-led collectives, which I term ‘artist-led groups’, to explore how these artists and groups have experimented with different forms of institutions’ as part of their work around science and technology. These experimental artists and groups draw on successive waves of institutional critique in the art world, alongside forms of social practice, to ask key spatial and social questions of institutions. This thesis explores the approaches these experimental artist-led groups and two other key artists have used to experiment with key facets of institutions, allowing them to ask critical questions of science and technology. In doing so, this thesis demonstrates creative approaches to engaging publics around science and technology which offer potential for expanding inter- and cross-disciplinary conversations in geographical discourse. This thesis uses an experimental methodology combining a form of artistic practice as research method on the one hand and ethnographic methods on the other. It combines these methods as part of an ethnography to explore how these artist-led groups associate with one another in a social network. The thesis then focuses on two experimental artists in this social network whose works are becoming increasingly heard within geographical discourse. These experimental artist-led groups and artists are shown to operate different creative approaches when engaging with institutions. I show these in three ways, showing how 1) artist-led groups experiment with different modes of institutions to bring contemporary science and technology issues into the public realm; 2) experimental artist Neal White uses artistic experiments to critique science and technology; and 3) experimental artist Richard Pell uses his Center for PostNatural History to experiment with ways of prompting public discussions around science and technology. Accordingly, this thesis argues that these experimental engagements highlight the benefit of inter- and cross-disciplinary conversations in better understanding and shaping institutions. For geographers, this experimental approach can create novel forms of knowledge to help better understand the social nature and implications of institutions.
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Bradley, Nancy Ann. "Practices and Perspectives of Primary Language Arts Teachers: A Formative Design Experiment Analyzing the use of Professional Development to Enhance Vocabulary Instructional Practices." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28552.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of professional development designed to enhance vocabulary instruction on four first-grade teachers’ vocabulary instructional practices. The study incorporated a formative design methodology and the collection of baseline data on current instructional practices to inform the design of the professional development and subsequent intervention. According to Nagy and Scott (2004), word knowledge encompasses aspects and stages that surpass the common acceptance of what it means to know a word, definitional knowledge, and into the incorporation of that word into a child's working vocabulary knowledge.
The teacher participants were provided with vocabulary instructional strategies through professional development with the goal of improving their vocabulary instructional practice. Following the professional development, the researcher initiated an eight-week intervention including observations, group meetings, and interviews to evaluate the impact of the professional development. Findings indicated that the professional development and intervention positively impacted the vocabulary instructional practices of the four first-grade teachers. Implications for future research include the benefit of using effective practices in professional development and a formative design framework to impact the instructional practice of primary teachers.<br>Ph. D.
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Haider, Muhammad Tauqeer, and Imran Ali. "Evaluation of the Effects of Pair Programming on Performance and Social Practices in Distributed Software Development." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5308.
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Context. Agile methods address the challenges of an unpredictable world by relying on “people and their creativity rather than on processes”, accelerate delivery of software and considered as a reaction to plan-based or traditional methods. Distributed software development helps to access a pool of skilled personnel, completion of tasks around the clock and more. Incorporating of agile methods in distributed software development could help to solve some problems of distributed software development such as lack of communication and its dependencies, close collaboration and so on. Objectives. In this study we investigate the proposed benefits of pair programming, an XP development technique used by agile, and its effects on performance and social practices in distributed software development. Methods. Systematic literature review and an experiment are utilized to fulfill the objectives of this study. In the systematic review a sub-set of the research articles are selected relevant to the subject of this study from the electronic sources including, ACM Digital Library, IEEE, Xplore, EiVillage (Compendx, Inspec), Science Direct and ISI Web of Science. Experiment is conducted to investigate the pair programming effects on performance and social practices. Results. Many proposed benefits of pair programming in existing literature are identified and reported in both collocated and distributed settings. Pair programming is reported as an effective software development technique as well as a pedagogical tool. Experimental results showed that pair programming also effects performance in distributed software development, and positively impacts the social practices (human or social factors). Conclusions. There are many benefits of pair programming reported in collocated settings and less in distributed software development. Pair programming impacts the performance and social practices positively. However, we also conclude that the effective use of pair programming in distributed software development will yield the concrete results as well as the programmers’ pairs should be trained, experienced and well motivated for an effective use of pair programming and to overcome the challenges of distributed software development.
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Zamur, Guilherme Augusto Cavallaro. "Non-compliance with sustainability practices in supply chains." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18190.
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Submitted by Guilherme Zamur (guizamur@gmail.com) on 2017-04-17T19:14:08Z
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Para que possamos aceitar seu trabalho é necessário algumas correções.
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Previous issue date: 2017-03-13<br>Com base na teoria institucional e na teoria social cognitiva, foi realizado um experimento de escolha discreta com 128 gestores americanos, 105 brasileiros e 109 indianos para testar três causas alternativas de não atendimento por fornecedores às práticas de sustentabilidade da empresa focal da cadeia de suprimentos. Os resultados fornecem evidências preliminares de que o background institucional destes gestores pode impedir que eles percebam quando não cumprem as práticas de sustentabilidade da empresa compradora (focal) e de que certas configurações da cadeia de suprimentos influenciam a propensão a não cumprir as políticas de sustentabilidade da empresa focal. A generalização destes resultados é limitada devido à metodologia experimental utilizada.<br>Based on institutional theory and social cognitive theory, a discrete-choice experiment was conducted with 128 American, 105 Brazilian and 109 Indian managers to test three alternative causes of suppliers’ non-compliance with supply chain focal company’s sustainability practices. Results provide preliminary evidence to support that managers’ institutional background may prevent them from perceiving their non-compliance with buyer (focal) company’s sustainability practices and that certain supply chain configurations influence their likelihood not to comply with focal company’s sustainability policies. Generalization of such findings is limited because of the experimental methodology used.
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Zeidan, Maya Nabhani. "The development, implementation and evaluation of a multi-component nutrition education intervention to promote healthy eating among two Lebanese adolescent samples from contrasting socioeconomic status." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/7751.
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The aim of this study was to develop, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of a behavior based, theory driven multi-component nutrition education Intervention promoting healthy eating among two (17 to 19 year old) Lebanese adolescent samples from contrasting socioeconomic statuses. The effects of the intervention were examined in a quasi-experimental control design trial among two hundred and nine adolescent males and females from Beirut, Lebanon: one hundred and ten belonged to a high socioeconomic status (HSES) population and ninety nine belonged to a low socioeconomic status (LSES) population of adolescents. There were four study groups: two intervention and two control. The intervention groups received twelve nutrition lessons, one hour each, involving class based teaching, print materials and activities delivered by a dietitian. Intervention Mapping protocol was applied and constructs from the Social Cognitive Theory were used for the development of the intervention. At baseline and after the intervention, food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) were administered and three 24-Hour Dietary Recalls were used to examine dietary practices and nutrient intakes while semistructured interviews were conducted to gain insight to underlying determinants of food choice. Quantitative data were analyzed using Mann Whitney U Test and Chi-Square analysis. Post intervention, adolescents in both the HSES and LSES intervention groups showed a significant improvement (p<0.05) in some dietary practices and nutrient intakes; however, the impact was higher in the HSES group. In both intervention groups, positive changes were observed in some personal determinants of food choice but none were noted for external factors. These results propose that the developed nutrition education intervention is a promising instrument to promote healthy eating among similar groups of Lebanese adolescents; however, further research is needed for interventions that specifically target LSES groups.
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Begley, Ciaran John. "Experimental Practices." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17604.
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In my paper I investigate the experimental nature of my multidisciplinary practice through theory and visual stimulus. I look at the image as a basis for aesthetic, emotional, and philosophical investigation; grounding my research in practice, contemporary photographic theory, ancient philosophy and modern physics. I look at developments in my installational practice in terms of Minimalist and Institutional concerns and performance installation in regards to Relational Aesthetics; this analysis of both the medium and context of the work leading to new strategies in exhibition practice. The grounding of theory in practice has over the course of my Masters project led to a new conception of my work as a series of exercises in medium reflexive practice. This paper outlines medium reflexivity and how this concept has shaped the work I have developed for my final examination as an experimental exhibition.
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Ekström, Niklas. "PASSWORD PRACTICE : The effect of training on password practice." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-11147.
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There are several concerning issues with passwords today; one of them being weak passwords, but password management also plays a big role e.g. when the users reuses passwords over several services or don't change their passwords on a regular basis. With the usage of passwords for several aspects of our daily lives comes the responsibility of trying to mitigate these issues, a role that often falls on to the users themselves. The usage of guidelines has proved helpful in this regard but still lacks important aspects. This paper suggests the usage of education in the form of a lecture to help with the problem. In this paper we conducted a study of password leaks, a literature analysis of the area around passwords and perform some qualitative interviews with different kinds of people with varying education and usage of passwords. The results from these studies will then lay the foundation for the lecture in the experiment part of the paper, two experiment groups will be used, one given a lecture as education on the matter and one control group not given any education. The study has showed that the usage of a lecture can help increase the entropy, average length of user‟s passwords. These results can be interpreted together with another study that did a similar experiment to that a lecture can be a more efficient way to teach users about passwords.
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Yavorsky, Jill Evelyn. "Inequality in Hiring: Gendered and Classed Discrimination in the Labor Market." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492542664842056.
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Sahama, Tony. "Some practical issues in the design and analysis of computer experiments." Thesis, Victoria University, Melbourne, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/60715/1/Sahama_2003compressed.pdf.
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Deterministic computer simulations of physical experiments are now common techniques in science and engineering. Often, physical experiments are too time consuming, expensive or impossible to conduct. Complex computer models or codes, rather than physical experiments lead to the study of computer experiments, which are used to investigate many scientific phenomena of this nature. A computer experiment consists of a number of runs of the computer code with different input choices. The Design and Analysis of Computer Experiments is a rapidly growing technique in statistical experimental design. This thesis investigates some practical issues in the design and analysis of computer experiments and attempts to answer some of the questions faced by experimenters using computer experiments. In particular, the question of the number of computer experiments and how they should be augmented is studied and attention is given to when the response is a function over time.
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Larsson, Christina. "Uppfattningar om laborationens betydelse för utvecklandet av förståelsen i naturvetenskapliga ämnen." Thesis, Karlstad University, Karlstad University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1685.
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<p>Sammanfattning</p><p>Laborationer i naturvetenskapliga ämnen är en naturlig del av undervisningen. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att ta reda på om man tar bort en möjlighet till inlärning och förståelse för eleverna om laborationer inte används i undervisningen. Vidare ville jag undersöka om lärare och elever anser att laborationer utvecklar förståelsen av naturvetenskap, dessutom om eleverna förstår syftena med laborationerna.</p><p>Undersökningen utfördes genom att kvalitativa intervjuer gjordes med fyra lärare och sex elever i en gymnasieskola. Resultatet visar att lärarna har olika åsikter om laborationens betydelse för förståelsen av ämnet. Däremot anser eleverna att laborationer utvecklar deras förståelse för naturkunskap. Undersökningen visar också att eleverna är osäkra på lärarens syfte och de förstår inte alltid vad laborationen ska ge för kunskap. Detta visar att det är viktigt att laborationsinstruktioner tydliggör syftet och den kunskap det är meningen att laborationen ska ge. Dessutom har diskussionerna under laborationen stor betydelse för lärandet av naturvetenskap.</p><p>Nyckelord: Förståelse, kunskap, laborationer/experiment/praktiskt arbete, syfte/mål</p><br><p>Abstract</p><p>Laboratory experiments in science are a natural part of the education. The purpose of this composition is to find out whether one removes a possibility of learning and understanding for students if one does not use laboratory experiments in education. Moreover, I wanted to examine if teachers and students are of the opinion that laboratory experiments help in deepening the understanding of natural science, and if the students understand the purposes of these experiments.</p><p>To carry out the study, qualitative interviews were made with four teachers and six students at an upper secondary school. Result shows that teachers are of different opinions about the importance of the laboratory experiments for the understanding of the subject. However, the students’ opinions are that laboratory experiments help in deepening their understanding for natural science. The study also shows that students feel uncertain of the teacher’s purpose and what knowledge the laboratory experiment is meant to give. This shows that it is important to explain the purpose of the experiment, and what knowledge it is meant to give, in laboratory instructions. Furthermore, the discussions during laboratory work are of considerable significance for learning natural science.</p><p>Keywords: Understanding, knowledge, laboratory experiments/experiments/practical work, purpose</p>
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Isbill, Alex P. "Evaluating Current Practices in Brief Experimental Analysis." TopSCHOLAR®, 2016. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1632.
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Brief experimental analysis (BEA) has shown to be an effective method of rapidly testing the relative effects of two or more interventions in order to determine interventions that best supports a student’s learning. Little research has been found in regards to the consistency of methods across studies. A meta-analysis in 2008 by Burns and Wagner looked at BEAs that assessed oral reading fluency and provided recommendations for future practice. This study investigates the methods, procedures, and outcomes in BEA studies from 1994 to 2016. The findings of this study are compared to Burns and Wagner’s (2008) recommendations from their meta-analysis, as well as used to discuss the shifts and consistencies found in BEA methodology over the past 23 years. There is not sufficient evidence that Burns and Wagner’s (2008) recommendations have greatly impacted the process of BEA, but there have been changes in predominant methodological components of BEA such as the explicit use of conceptual models, methods of assessing interventions, and the emergence of a problem solving model to inform intervention selection. A general increase in the publication rate and a shift to publication in school psychology journals over behavioral journals was also noted. BEA outcomes continue to support its utility for informing instruction.
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Picard-Gallart, Ariane. "L’intégration des technologies numériques à l’École : discours et pratiques en tension : étude d’une expérimentation « tablettes » en collège." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCH021.
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Ce travail s’intéresse aux politiques éducatives en faveur du numérique et aux leviers mis en œuvre pour inciter élèves et enseignants à utiliser les technologies numériques à l’École. L’étude de type ethnographique s’est déroulée de juillet 2013 à octobre 2015 et a été conduite dans un collège engagé dans l’expérimentation Tablette pour une éducation digitale (TED). La recherche porte sur les processus d’appropriation d’une technologie mobile conçue pour être éducative et visant à développer de nouvelles pratiques instrumentées innovantes et enrichies. L’expérimentation est étudiée sous l’angle du concept de dispositif. Pour analyser les effets réels ou escomptés de l'utilisation d'un objet socio-technique en contexte éducatif et les conditions de son appropriation par les usagers, plusieurs méthodes d’observation ont été combinées. L’analyse permet de révéler des tensions significatives entre les pratiques prescrites - par les discours, les politiques éducatives nationales, l’expérimentation, l’objet technique lui-même - et les pratiques réelles des utilisateurs<br>This thesis focuses on educational policies in favor of digital technologies and on levers of action implemented to encourage students and teachers to use these technologies in school. The ethnographic study took place from July 2013 to October 2015 and was conducted in a college engaged in tablet experimentation for digital education (TED). The research focuses on the processes of appropriation of a mobile technology designed to be educational and aimed at developing innovative and enriched new instrumented practices. The experiment study is centered around the device concept. To analyze the actual or expected effects of the use of a socio-technical object in an educational context and the circumstances of its appropriation by users, several observation methods have been combined. The analysis reveals significant tensions between prescribed practices - through discourses, national educational policies, experiments, the technical object itself - and the actual practices of users
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Neves, João Henrique Moura [UNESP]. "Uso de experimentos, confeccionados com materiais alternativos, no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Física: Lei de Hooke." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134319.
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Previous issue date: 2015-12-21<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>As atividades experimentais de Física proporcionam uma construção do conhecimento de forma qualitativa e quantitativa aos alunos, tanto das séries finais do Ciclo Básico, como das séries do Ensino Médio. Este trabalho propõe desenvolver atividades experimentais com materiais didáticos alternativos que permitam ao estudante uma reflexão sobre o aproveitamento de alguns materiais para estudo prático e, principalmente, de alguns conceitos básicos da Física Clássica neles envolvidos. O trabalho consiste em estudar a deformação elástica do tubo de látex, material usado em hospitais e para fabricar estilingues, conhecido como ‘soro’. Este material foi escolhido devido à sua flexibilidade e alta resistência à deformação, podendo ser utilizado para suspender uma grande quantidade de massas diferentes. O material de apoio contém um kit descrevendo os materiais utilizados nos experimentos, roteiro experimental e os resultados após a aplicação desta atividade.<br>The experimental activities in Physics provide a knowledge construction of qualitative and quantitative manner to students, both of the final series of the Basic Cycle, as the High School grades. This work proposes to develop experimental activities with alternative didactic material to enable the student to reflect on the use of some materials for practical study and mainly some basic concepts of Classical Physics involved therein. The work consists of studying the elastic deformation of latex tube, material used in hospitals and to make slingshots, known as 'sera'. This material was chosen because of its high flexibility and resistance to deformation and can be used to suspend a large amount of different masses. The support material contains a kit describing the materials used in the experiments, experimental script and the results after the application of this activity.
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Sundell, Erik. "Helping students remember : catalytic knowledge and knowledge outlines with visual mnemonics." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-265006.
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To recall educational content from a lecture or textbook is an efficient way to learn (Karpicke & Blunt, 2011), which is referred to as retrieval practice (Karpicke & Roediger, 2008). It is currently seldom used among students (Karpicke, Butler, & Roediger, 2009), even though it provides benefits such as reducing test anxiety (Agarwal, D’Antonio, Roediger III, McDermott, & McDaniel, 2014), longer lasting memories (Karpicke & Blunt, 2011), and also benefit future learning (Pastötter & Bäuml, 2014). But, in order for retrieval practice to work efficiently, the students must not fail to recall too much of the educational content (Kornell, Bjork, & Garcia, 2011). So in order to help students use retrieval practice, I suggest they are provided with an outlining of the educational content, as this probably helps them remember and recall more of it. In this thesis, I conclude with an experimental approach that it is possible to help students remember such knowledge outlines, and how it can be done. Furthermore, since knowledge such as knowledge about the human anatomy, can be catalytic in the sense that it can enhance future learning (Hattie, 2009; Van Overschelde & Healy, 2001), I also suggest that catalytic knowledge should be identified and made memorable by educators using similar techniques as in this study.
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Eggen, Per-Odd. "Current chemistry : Experiments and Practice in Electrochemistry Education." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for kjemi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-11165.
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Poon, Phillip K., and Phillip K. Poon. "Practical Considerations In Experimental Computational Sensing." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623022.
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Computational sensing has demonstrated the ability to ameliorate or eliminate many trade-offs in traditional sensors. Rather than attempting to form a perfect image, then sampling at the Nyquist rate, and reconstructing the signal of interest prior to post-processing, the computational sensor attempts to utilize a priori knowledge, active or passive coding of the signal-of-interest combined with a variety of algorithms to overcome the trade-offs or to improve various task-specific metrics. While it is a powerful approach to radically new sensor architectures, published research tends to focus on architecture concepts and positive results. Little attention is given towards the practical issues when faced with implementing computational sensing prototypes. I will discuss the various practical challenges that I encountered while developing three separate applications of computational sensors. The first is a compressive sensing based object tracking camera, the SCOUT, which exploits the sparsity of motion between consecutive frames while using no moving parts to create a psuedo-random shift variant point-spread function. The second is a spectral imaging camera, the AFSSI-C, which uses a modified version of Principal Component Analysis with a Bayesian strategy to adaptively design spectral filters for direct spectral classification using a digital micro-mirror device (DMD) based architecture. The third demonstrates two separate architectures to perform spectral unmixing by using an adaptive algorithm or a hybrid techniques of using Maximum Noise Fraction and random filter selection from a liquid crystal on silicon based computational spectral imager, the LCSI. All of these applications demonstrate a variety of challenges that have been addressed or continue to challenge the computational sensing community. One issue is calibration, since many computational sensors require an inversion step and in the case of compressive sensing, lack of redundancy in the measurement data. Another issue is over multiplexing, as more light is collected per sample, the finite amount of dynamic range and quantization resolution can begin to degrade the recovery of the relevant information. A priori knowledge of the sparsity and or other statistics of the signal or noise is often used by computational sensors to outperform their isomorphic counterparts. This is demonstrated in all three of the sensors I have developed. These challenges and others will be discussed using a case-study approach through these three applications.
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Ball, John M. "Practical experiments and simulations for nuclear safeguards education." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4896.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.<br>The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on October 23, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Theodoridou, Danae. "Short (research) stories : drama and dramaturgy in experimental theatre and dance practices." Thesis, Roehampton University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10142/283932.
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This practice-as-research project discusses modes, processes and aesthetics of contemporary dramaturgy, as practiced in experimental theatre and dance works in Europe from the 1990s onwards. In order to do this, the project draws particularly on discourses around ‘drama’ and suggests that the term can be redefined and usefully rehabilitated for both analysis and the creation of experimental performances. More specifically, this project defines drama (deriving from the Greek dro=act) as stage action, and dramaturgy (deriving from the Greek drama + ergo= work) as a practice that works endlessly for the creation of this drama/action on stage and is therefore always connected with it. In order to approach the newly proposed notion of ‘experimental drama’, this research uses the six main dramatic elements offered by Aristotle in his Poetics: plot, character, language, thought, the visual and music. Furthermore, it adds a seventh element: the spectator and contemporary understandings around the conditions of spectatorship. It then offers an analysis of dramaturgical processes and aesthetics of experimental stage works through these elements. Given that this is a practice-as-research project, it is accordingly multi-modal and offers its perspectives on dramaturgy and experimental drama through both critical and performance texts, documentation traces (photographs and video recordings) of artistic practice – all present in this thesis – and a live event; all these modes complement each other and move constantly between the stage and the page to proceed with the research’s inquiries. The current thesis has borrowed the dramaturgical structure of two artistic projects, created within the frame of this research practice, to generate its writings. The introductory parts of this text place the work within the discourse on practice-as-research and discuss the project’s proposal for an analysis of contemporary dramaturgy through drama. The Short (Research) Stories that follow analyze experimental works, created both within the frame of this research practice and outside it, by other artists, following the Aristotelian model. The element of spectatorship intervenes in this analysis instead of standing separately in the thesis. The project’s closing live event returns from the page to the stage to continue and add to discussions around central issues of the work, in its various distinct modes.
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Iervolino, Serena. "Ethnographic museums in mutation experiments with exhibitionary practices in post/colonial Europe." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28177.
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In post/colonial times the roles and purposes of ethnographic museums have been challenged, prompting some institutions to rethink their practices. Recently, criticism has focused on the struggle of ethnographic museums based in post/colonial, multicultural European countries to adjust to the socio-political and cultural changes brought to societies through globalisation and international migration. This thesis explores recent efforts of a few institutions to respond to these changes by experimenting with new exhibitionary praxes. While drawing on insights from several disciplines (primarily postcolonial studies, political theory, cultural studies, and museum studies), this study examines the application of a thematic approach to semi-permanent exhibitions, an exhibitionary praxis focusing on cross-cultural themes. By analysing data from research at two case studies, the Tropenmuseum (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) and the Museum of World Culture (Gothenburg, Sweden), this thesis investigates to what extent and how the application of a thematic strategy enables ethnographic museums to move beyond their endemic tendency to construct cultural ‘others’ and their complicity with neo-colonial discourses. The thesis locates the two museums within their historical and socio-political contexts, and explores their ideological positions regarding cultural diversity which have legitimated the application of a thematic strategy. Analysis of selected exhibitions at these institutions suggests that a thematic approach, although posing new and as yet unresolved challenges, nevertheless holds considerable potential to challenge prevailing understandings of cultural diversity and to express postnational, fluid ideas of identities and belonging. Importantly, the investigation into exhibitionary processes has highlighted alterations in the ‘structures of production’ and revealed negotiations across expertise and power relationships. The thesis argues that attempts to introduce new exhibitionary praxes should be accompanied by efforts to alter museums’ internal structures. Eventually, the broader implications of this study question established museological practices and indicate new perspectives for ethnographic museums in our contemporary, rapidly changing, plural Europe.
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Marks, Harry Milton. "Ideas as reforms : therapeutic experiments and medical practice, 1900-1980." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14851.
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Mousinho, Magalhães Pacheco Maria Helena. "Space-time and creation in art : three practice-led experiments." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2313.
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This study addresses site-specific sculptural practice and examines the tensions arising from the interactive relations between site and the artworks that exist within it. It applies the concept of ‘anthropophagy’ to re-signify traditional models of representation in order to re-organize them into new contexts through practice-led research into site-specificity. Anthropophagy, a metaphorical vision of the Brazilian indigenous people, utilises cannibalistic customs “in order to legitimate their critical, selective and metabolising appropriation of European artistic tendencies” (Mosqueira 2010: 12). The use of this concept in this thesis arises from the idea of simultaneously belonging to two geographically separated cultural universes: one individual (in my case, Brazilian) and another related to the centralised European/US cultural model of influence that dominates the art world. The differences and intersections between these two universes provide a rich field for practice-led research into how artistic creation is affected by attitudes to space and time. In order to explore this, the thesis is divided into four chapters. The first develops a theoretical framework dealing with concepts of space and time and demonstrates how anthropophagy draws these concepts together. The next chapter examines walking in the UK as an art practice to expand the understanding of site-specific practice through the artworks of Richard Long and Hamish Fulton. The third chapter focuses on work, site and location in order to examine how anthropophagy can re-signify the idea of walking as related in Chapter two. The final chapter analyses site-specificity, drawing on my own practice-led research explored through three art projects implemented in Brazil and England. These projects develop ways to negotiate the complex relationship between art, place and temporal contexts, re-inscribing events within specific sites over time. To build a methodology for the research, I have developed three different projects and situations testing the spatial-temporal contexts of site. By using site-specific art practice I shape my arguments upon a creative practice ruled by concepts, materials and techniques. In my practice I have delineated some creative responses to the transformations of the contemporary world, weaving iii reflections between work/site/body as well as on my own perception regarding current ‘temporalities’. The theoretical frameworks that inform this study range from postmodernism to globalisation theories in order to draw together work, site and location under the overarching concept of anthropophagy.
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Budd, Natasha N. "Staging childhoods : experiments in authentic theatre making practice with children." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/76092/4/Natasha_Budd_Thesis.pdf.
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This practice-led PhD project investigates the ways in which society positions children through a broad set of social, cultural and historical considerations and examines these within the frame of theatre making. The study proposes a model of practice that moves beyond participant empowerment toward a more dynamic understanding of the creative process that sees adults and children working together to create mainstream artistic product. It contends that this model creates conditions conducive to authentic theatre making practice with children as evidenced in the researcher’s original performance work Joy Fear and Poetry.
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Stovall, Olin Scott. "Accounting for Human Resources: Implications for Theory and Practice." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3026/.
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Knowledge workers are an important resource for the typical modern business firm, yet financial reporting ignores such resources. Some researchers contend that the accounting profession has stressed reliability in order to make the accounting appear objective. Others concur, noting that accounting is an insecure profession and adopts strict rules when faced with uncertainty. Accountants have promulgated a strict rule to expense human resource costs, although many know that such resources have future benefits. Some researchers suggest that any discipline must modify its language in order to initiate change toward providing useful social ameliorations. If accounting theorists extend this idea to the accounting lexicon.s description of investments in human resources, investors and other accounting user groups might gain greater insight into how a firm fosters and nourishes human capital. I tested three hypotheses related to this issue by administering an experiment designed to assess financial analysts. perceptions about alternative financial statement treatments of human resources in an investment recommendation task. I predicted that (1) analysts' perceptions of the reliability (relevance) of the information they received would decrease (increase) as the treatment of human resources increasingly violated GAAP (became more current-oriented), (2) analysts exposed to alternative accounting treatments would report a lower likelihood of recommending that their clients invest in the company in the task, and (3) financial analysts who ranked reliability (relevance) as a more important information quality would be less (more) likely to recommend that their clients buy the stock represented in the case because the treatment of human resources on the financial statements violated GAAP (was more current-oriented) as compared to analysts who ranked reliability (relevance) as being lower (higher) in importance. Analysts receiving financial statements with accounting treatments of human resource costs that violated GAAP judged such information as less reliable and were also less likely to recommend that their clients buy the stock in the task than analysts receiving financial statements that conformed to GAAP. Also, analysts who perceived reliability as a more important information quality reacted more negatively to a replacement cost approach to accounting for human resources than participants who perceived reliability as being less important. A potential confounding explanation of the results is the varied language used in the audit opinions included with the treatment financial statements. Whether explained by the audit opinion language or the actual differences contained in the financial statements, the results suggest that an important user group, financial analysts, may be subject to the aura of objectivity suggested by Porter in 1995.
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Greig, Paul. "Perceptual error in medical practice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bea354bf-7c2f-44da-a24f-83a2df804b69.
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Introduction: Medical errors are major hazards, and lapses in non-technical skills such as situational awareness contribute to most incidents. Risks are concentrated in acute care, and in crisis situations clinicians can apparently ignore vital information. Poor workplace ergonomics contributes to risk. Existing work into perceptual errors offers insights, but these phenomena have been little researched in medicine. This thesis considers medical non-technical skills and how they are taught, and explores vulnerability to inattentional and change blindness. Methods: Medical human factors and the psychology of perceptual error were reviewed, and a mixed-methods assessment of postgraduate medical curricula completed. Experiments assessed clinicians' interaction with clinical monitoring devices using eye-tracking, and studies were conducted exposing clinicians to various perceptual error stimuli using non-clinical and clinical videos, and simulation. A survey was also conducted to assess clinicians' insight into the phenomena of perceptual error. Results: Non-technical skills feature poorly in medical curricula, and equipment is poorly standardised in critical care areas. Unfamiliar devices slow response times and increase error rate. Clinical training confers no generalisable advantage in perceptual reliability. Even expert clinicians miss important events. Two out of every three life-support instructors for example missed a critical failure in the patient's oxygen supply when watching a recorded emergency simulation. The insight and understanding healthcare staff have of perceptual errors is poor, leading to significant overestimates of perceptual reliability that could have consequences for clinical practice. Conclusions: Perceptual errors represent a latent risk factor contributing to loss of situational awareness. High rates of perceptual error were observed in the video-based experiment. Although lower rates were observed in simulation, important events were still missed by participants that could have serious consequences. The incidence of perceptual error appears sensitive to the method used to test for it, and this has important implications for the design of future experiments testing for these phenomena. Mitigating perceptual error is likely to be challenging, but relatively simple adjustments to team practices in emergency situations may be fruitful.
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Kelly, David. "Computational mechanics in practice : mathematical adaptions and experimental applications." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.570852.
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The definition and quantification of complexity is a source of debate. A promising answer, from Crutch field, Shalizi and co-workers, identifies complexity with the amount of information required to optimally predict the future of a process. Computational mechanics computes this quantity for discrete time series; quantifying the complexity and generating minimal, optimally predictive models. Here we adapt and apply these methods to two very different problems. First, we extend computational mechanics to continuous data which cluster around discrete values. This is applied to the analysis of single molecule experimental data; allowing us to infer hidden Markov models without the necessity of assuming model architecture and allowing for the inference of degenerate states, giving advantages over previous analysis methods. The new analysis methods are demonstrated to perform well on both simulated data, in high noise and sparse data conditions; and experimental data, namely fluorescence resonance energy transfer spectra of Holliday junction conformational dynamics. Secondly, we apply computational mechanics to investigations of the HP model of protein folding. Computational mechanics was used to investigate the properties of the sequence sets folding to the highly designable structures. A hypothesised correlation between structures' designability and the statistical complexity of its sequence set was unsupported. However, methods were developed to succinctly encapsulate the non-local statistical regularities of sequence sets and used to accurately predict the structure of designing and randomly generated sequences. Finally, limitations of the standard algorithm for reconstructing predictive models are addressed. The algorithm can fail due to pair-wise comparisons of conditional distributions. A clustering method, considering all distributions simultaneously has been developed. This also makes clear when the algorithm may be effectively employed. A second issue concerns a class of processes for which computational mechanics cannot infer the correct, optimally predictive models. Adaptions to allow the inference of these processes have been devised.
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Al-Ghamdi, Khalid A. "Improving the practice of experimental design in manufacturing engineering." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3133/.
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Design of Experiments (DOE) is a powerful technique for understanding, characterising and modelling products and processes and improving their performance. Whilst the bulk of its literature revolves around how it should be applied, little attention, if any, is devoted to the manner in which it is being implemented in practice particularly in manufacturing. One objective of this study was to bridge this gap by reviewing practical applications in three manufacturing journals. This revealed not only limited use but also multiple deficiencies. Many of these concerned a lack of familiarity with the concept of aliasing; the use of fractional factorial designs and pooling methods to analyse unreplicated trials; and a misunderstanding of the concepts underpinning the use and interpretation of p-values and factorial effects’ importance measures. With respect to aliasing, a novel simple method for generating its pattern is proposed. Besides its ease of application, it can be linked to the three main criteria for measuring the degree of aliasing (maximum resolution, minimum aberration and generalised minimum aberration) in a manner devoid of mathematical complications. Regarding the use of fractional factorial designs and pooling methods, simulation experiments were used to assess the performance of certain experimentation strategies to arrive at the same conclusions had a full factorial trial been performed. In the context of two-level designs, the L\(_{16}\) together with the Pooling Up method or the Half Normal Probability plot yielded a satisfactory performance. Similarly, the strategy of using the Best Subset selection procedure in conjunction with the L\(_{18}\) design was the best among the examined three-level ones. To attain a robust performance, it was found that the use of small designs such as the L\(_8\) and the L\(_9\) should, as far as possible, be avoided. The concepts concerning the use of the p-values and the effect’s importance measures are clarified and to facilitate communication between Engineers, Managers and Statisticians, an importance measure that can be related to three quality engineering techniques is suggested.
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Miguel, Mariana da Silva. "Experimental creative practice at the piano: a case study." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29942.
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This document focuses on the development of an artistic practice-based research project focused on
active experimentation and the development of creativity at the piano. The experimentation process
relies on the exploration of extended and prepared piano techniques, which are described throughout
the text, as well as on the use of electronics. The creative process involves the composition of a musical
piece (Become One) inspired mainly by Music for 18 Musicians, by Steve Reich, its structure,
instrumentation and compositional processes. The purpose of this project is to reflect on the work of
authors such as Dewey (1934), Shockley (2018), Vaes (2009) and Mayas (2019), and relate it to the
documentation of these processes, hence fostering future creative and experimental practices in
other performers; Prática criativa experimental ao piano: um estudo de caso
Resumo:
O presente documento foca-se no desenvolvimento de um projecto de investigação artística baseado
na experimentação e no desenvolvimento da criatividade ao piano. O processo de experimentação
está centrado na exploração de técnicas expandidas e de piano preparado, descritas ao longo do texto,
assim como na utilização de electrónica. O processo criativo envolve a composição de uma obra
musical (Become One), inspirada maioriatiamente em Música para 18 Músicos de Steve Reich, a sua
estrutura, instrumentação e processos de composição. O propósito deste projecto centra-se na
reflexão do trabalho de autores como Dewey (1934), Shockley (2018), Vaes (2019) e Mayas (2019),
relacionando-a com a documentação dos processos criativo e de experimentação, promovendo a
replicação de práticas idênticas por parte de outros instrumentistas.
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Tanimoto, S. "Experimental study of Late Bronze Age glass-making practice." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446132/.
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There is very little known about ancient glass-making practice from the Late Bronze Age (LBA), despite numerous fragments of glass being discovered from LBA archaeological sites, both in Egypt and Mesopotamia. However, for more than 2000 years, two compositional groups of soda-lime-silica glass have dominated the large-scale production of glass in antiquity namely "LBA glass" of Egypt and Mesopotamia (high magnesium, plant ash based) and the "Hellenistic/Roman glass" (low magnesium, mineral natron based). These two glass groups show unique trends when their compositions are analysed using ternary diagrams, a method developed in petrology. That is, the compositions of most LBA glass can be plotted along different areas/troughs compared to Roman glasses. Their compositions are chemically too homogeneous to be made from the variable raw materials available across chronological periods, vast geographical regions, and colours. Without any solid archaeological evidence available, a scientific approach is necessary to figure out what is causing these trends. Two glass-making models were tested to identify possible factors that control the composition of finished glass. Once these technical constraints are identified, one can further explore this matter archaeologically (i.e. whether glass-making was centralised, social context of the glass). Moreover, this research paper may contribute fruitfully to the debate on many other unknowns of glass in antiquity, and may eventually give a sensible answer to the fundamental and controversial question whether glass was made independently from an early period in Egypt, or whether all early Egyptian glass was imported from either Mesopotamia or Asia. Therefore, my research aims to identify possible factors that control the composition of the finished glass (from variable raw materials) by reconstructing possible LBA glass-making technologies. Then by combining the scientific findings and the archaeological findings, it is hoped to contribute to a better understanding of ancient glass-making in the LBA.
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Sourdis, Carolina. "El Ensayo cinematográfico como dialéctica de la creación filmica." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461008.
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Esta tesis aborda el ensayo cinematográfico como dialéctica de la creación fílmica, entendida como método para vincular la práctica y la teoría cinematográfica. En base al estudio de la forma ensayo propuesto desde los estudios fílmicos, la tesis plantea la conceptualización del ensayo audiovisual desde sus particularidades como proceso de creación y traza su genealogía desde los planteamientos metodológico de Walter Benjamin en El Libro de los pasajes. La investigación concibe las prácticas fílmicas como una forma de pensar el cine y se aproxima a la figura del cineasta como artesano de su oficio, que apropia las formas de producción para manifestar su presencia en la imagen. Este estudio se ha centrado en los métodos de trabajo de Jean-Luc Godard y Anne-Marie Miéville, David Perlov y Jonas Mekas en donde el ensayo cinematográfico no se revela como forma sino como experiencia de descubrimiento en y para la creación.<br>This PhD dissertation approaches the film-essay as dialectics of film creation, understood as a method to link both film theory and practice. Based on the studies of the essay as form proposed in the field of film studies, the thesis formulates the conceptualization of the essay film from its particularities as a creative process and traces its genealogy to Walter Benjamin’s methodological approach in The Arcades Project. This research conceives filmic practices as a way of thinking cinema theoretically and understands the figure of the filmmaker as a craftsman, who appropriates the production norms to inscribe his presence in the image. This study takes as the main core the methods of creation exposed by Jean-Luc Godard and Anne-Marie Miéville, David Perlov and Jonas Mekas where the essay film is not revealed as a form but as a discovery experience in and for creation.
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Quaglia, João Luís Corradini. "Práticas operacionais e objetivo de desempenho como influenciadores do comportamento da equipe de projetos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11941.
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Previous issue date: 2014-06-25<br>Práticas em gestão de projetos (GP), apesar de amplamente difundidas, utilizadas e pesquisadas, não garantem o desempenho (sucesso) do projeto em suas entregas em tempo e custos conforme planejamento. Observa-se que, apesar do uso extensivo de práticas de GP, falhas em relação ao atendimento do cronograma e orçamento são amplamente relatadas. Portanto, este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar a influência das práticas de gestão de projetos e do objetivo de desempenho no Comportamento de Cidadania Organizacional (OCB) da equipe de projetos. As dimensões que compuseram o OCB foram: Ajuda, Iniciativa e Compliance. Para testar a relação entre os fatores de práticas de GP (incipientes ou avançados) e objetivo de desempenho (normal ou desafiador) no comportamento da equipe foi utilizada a metodologia do experimento baseado em cenários (SBRP experiment). A amostra contou com 216 alunos de graduação e pós-graduação em administração. O estudo mostrou que a utilização de práticas em gestão de projetos não influenciou o Comportamento de Cidadania Organizacional da equipe de projetos. Entretanto, o objetivo de desempenho nas dimensões de tempo e custos influenciou o Comportamento Cidadão da equipe de projetos. Além desses resultados, a pesquisa mostrou que características pessoais, como experiência em liderar projetos, influenciou a propensão em aumento do comportamento cidadão mediante uma remuneração adicional. Como contribuição adicional este estudo mostra que existem diferenças de resultados nos diferentes grupos de respondentes (alunos de graduação e pós-graduação em administração), conforme encontrado em outros estudos. A utilização do experimento também foi um diferencial metodológico, em virtude de sua ainda baixa utilização em gestão de operações. Finalmente, este estudo também identificou as principais práticas utilizadas na gestão de projetos.<br>Practices in project management (PM), although widely disseminated, utilized and researched, do not guaranteee the project performance (success) in their deliveries on time and costs as planned. It is observed that, despite the extensive use of PM practices, failures to meet the schedule and budget are widely reported. Thus, this thesis aims to analyze the influence of PM practices and performance targets on the project team's Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). The dimensions that composed OCB were: Help, Initiative and Compliance. To test the relationship between the factors of PM practices (incipient or advanced) and performance targets (ordinary or challenging) in team behavior, the scenario-based role-playing experiment (SBRP experiment) was used, as research methodology. The sample consisted of 216 undergraduate and post graduate students in business administration. The research showed that the use of practices in project management did not influence the project team’s Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). However, performance targets in time and costs influenced the project team’s OCB. In addition to these results, the research showed that personal characteristics, such as experience as project manager, influenced the propensity for increasing OCB based on additional payment. As an additional contribution this study shows that there are differences in the results for different groups of respondents (undergraduate and post graduate students in business administration), as found in other studies. The use of the SBRP experiment was also a methodological advantage, seeing that is has not been widely used in operations management. Finally, this study also identified key practices in project management.
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Zhao, Sheng. "Multi-robot Cooperative Control:From Theory to Practice." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1277134727.
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Heathman, Stanley, Barry Tickes, Lester Dawson, and Robin Grumbles. "Summer Annual Grass Control - Yuma Valley Experimental Station, Mohave and Maricopa Counties." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/200505.
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Phinney, Charles Lucas. "Innovation in Practice: Experiment and Improvisation in the Architecture of Henry Chapman Mercer." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/95050.
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In the opening years of the 20th century, a furor of new and experimental techniques swept the architectural field. The materials and methods of building altered so rapidly that standards of architectural representation and the acts of construction they choreographed appeared for a time to exist without history or precedent. In chaotic times chaos seems all consuming; yet standards are soon established and modes of practice formalized. So it was with the advent of architectural modernity. The beginning of the century was a time of great experimentation and innovation, not only in architectural materials but in the tools and representations of architects, and the methods of building they described.
In this exploration of the relationship between material innovation and architectural representation, we examine the case of the Pennsylvania artisan-scholar Henry Chapman Mercer (1856-1930), and his development of a unique method for construction in reinforced concrete and ceramic tiles of his own design. In the years between 1907 and 1916, Mercer built three buildings of increasing complexity and scale, using methods of fabrication he developed over the course of these constructions. His approach was experimental, innovative, and yet quite different from the prevailing currents in engineering and industry at that time. While Mercer has been studied as a decorator of tiles, as an archaeologist, and as a curator of one the first and finest collections of early American material culture, very little work has been completed on Mercer as architect-builder.
In Mercer's building projects we see a scientific mind and an artistic maker explore and experiment freely, building a bridge between his seemingly disparate worlds: from the Arts and Crafts-inspired Moravian Pottery he founded, to the archaeologically rigorous collection of pre-industrial tools. Mercer focused with great intensity on implements and evidences of traditional craft activities, and it is his particular sensitivity to the traditions and forms of craft activity that renders his architectural activity unique, and pertinent to the question of innovation in method. At the center of his architectural activities, Mercer's construction notebooks, in which he worked out plans, details, and many of his most unique procedural innovations, illustrate a novel comportment of architect to architectural representation, and offer a story of how the making of architecture is, itself, made.<br>PHD
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Larusdottir, Marta K. "User Centred Evaluation in Experimental and Practical Settings." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-95302.
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The objective of this thesis is to obtain knowledge regarding how effective user centred evaluation methods are and how user centred evaluations are conducted by IT professionals. This will be achieved by exploring user centred evaluation in experimental and practical settings. The knowledge gained in these studies should inspire suggestions for further research and suggestions for improvements on the user centred evaluation activity. Two experimental studies were conducted. One compares the results from using three user centred evaluation methods, and the other examines two factors while conducting heuristic evaluation. The results show that the think-aloud evaluation method was the most effective method in finding realistic usability problems of the three methods. The number of critical problems found during think-aloud evaluation increases, if heuristic evaluation is conducted prior to the think-aloud evaluations. Further, two studies of user centred evaluation in practical settings were performed. The IT professionals participating in those studies were using the software development process Scrum to plan their work. The results show that user centred evaluation is infrequently conducted in Scrum projects, compared to testing activities like acceptance testing. The main type of evaluation is qualitative. Few participants measure user performance or use surveys to gather quantitative results on the usability and the user experience. IT professionals get feedback from users in an informal way and gather informal feedback from peers. Many participants use a mixture of methods for gathering feedback on their work. The outcome of this thesis shows that IT professionals should be encouraged to include users whenever possible when evaluating software, for example by using the think-aloud method. Using heuristic evaluation prior to conducting think-aloud evaluations is also recommended. In addition, IT professionals are encouraged to evaluate their software in an informal way frequently, rather than waiting for the right time to conduct a thorough quantitative evaluation. To advance this field further, researchers who want to improve the evaluation activity for the IT professionals should study how user centred evaluation methods could be combined in an efficient way and how the use of qualitative evaluation methods could be made more effective.<br>QC 20120522
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Zuiderent-Jerak, Teun. "Standardization healthcare practices; experimental interventions in medicine and science and technology studies." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/10605.
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Campbell, Iain. "Experimental practices of music and philosophy in John Cage and Gilles Deleuze." Thesis, Kingston University, 2015. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/35061/.
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In this thesis we construct a critical encounter between the composer John Cage and the philosopher Gilles Deleuze. This encounter circulates through a constellation of problems found across and between mid-twentieth century musical, artistic, and philosophical practices, the central focus for our line of enquiry being the concept of experimentation. We emphasize the production of a method of experimentation through a practice historically situated with regards to the traditions of the respective fields of music and philosophy. However, we argue that these experimental practices are not reducible to their historical traditions, but rather, by adopting what we term a problematic reading, or transcendental critique, with regards to historical givens, they take their historical situation as the site of an experimental departure. We follow Cage through his relation to the history of Western classical music, his contemporaries in the musical avant-garde, and artistic movements surrounding and in some respects stemming from Cage’s work, and Deleuze through his relation to Kant, phenomenology, and structuralism, in order to map the production of a practice of experimentation spanning music, art, and philosophy. Some specific figures we engage with in these respective traditions include Jean-Phillipe Rameau, Pierre Schaeffer, Marcel Duchamp, Pierre Boulez, Robert Morris, Yoko Ono, La Monte Young, Edmund Husserl, Maurice-Merleau-Ponty, Alain Badiou, and Félix Guattari. In so doing we seek to find between these practices points of both conjunction and disjunction which enrich our understanding of Cage’s and Deleuze’s work, and, more widely speaking, of the passage of twentieth century music and philosophy in general. Here we hope to make contributions to the fields of continental philosophy and music theory especially, and to open a point of engagement with the nascent field of sound studies.
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Serafimovski, Nikola. "Extension and practical evaluation of the spatial modulation concept." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7597.
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The spatial modulation (SM) concept combines, in a novel fashion, digital modulation and multiple antenna transmission for low complexity and spectrally efficient data transmission. The idea considers the transmit antenna array as a spatial constellation diagram with the transmit antennas as the constellation points. To this extent, SM maps a sequence of bits onto a signal constellation point and onto a spatial constellation point. The information is conveyed by detecting the transmitting antenna (the spatial constellation point) in addition to the signal constellation point. In this manner, inter-channel interference is avoided entirely since transmission is restricted to a single antenna at any transmission instance. However, encoding binary information in the spatial domain means that the number of transmit antennas must be a power of two. To address this constraint, fractional bit encoded spatial modulation (FBE—SM) is proposed. FBE–SMuses the theory of modulus conversion to facilitate fractional bit rates over time. In particular, it allows each transmitter to use an arbitrary number of transmit antennas. Furthermore, the application of SM in a multi-user, interference limited scenario has never been considered. To this extent, the average bit error rate (ABER) of SM is characterised in the interference limited scenario. The ABER performance is first analysed for the interference-unaware detector. An interference-aware detector is then proposed and compared with the cost and complexity equivalent detector for a single–input multiple–output (SIMO) system. The application of SM with an interference-aware detector results in coding gains for the system. Another area of interest involves using SM for relaying systems. The aptitude of SM to replace or supplement traditional relaying networks is analysed and its performance is compared with present solutions. The application of SM to a fixed relaying system, termed dual-hop spatial modulation (Dh-SM), is shown to have an advantage in terms of the source to destination ABER when compared to the classical decode and forward (DF) relaying scheme. In addition, the application of SM to a relaying system employing distributed relaying nodes is considered and its performance relative to Dh-SM is presented. While significant theoretical work has been done in analysing the performance of SM, the implementation of SM in a practical system has never been shown. In this thesis, the performance evaluation of SM in a practical testbed scenario is presented for the first time. To this extent, the empirical results validate the theoretical work presented in the literature.
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Brown, Kate. "Currents of exchange: HEAD THROAT GUTS the sounding structures of the body in experimental voice practice." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16502.
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Throughout this Masters research paper and practice I have placed the sounding body in different experimental contexts including live, event-based performances, sound technologies, and installation. My research specifically explores how the human voice sits in a body; how it is used and practiced to produce sound, and projected out to be placed elsewhere. During these moments the body undergoes physical challenges linked to the architecture and technology of a space. Each performance is specific to a site and is devised accordingly. I have conducted a number of experiments and collaborative projects to define and place the sounding body into a contemporary art context. These discoveries have lead to parallel findings and have allowed for a continuous trajectory throughout the MFA degree. My particular focus of research has lead to the investigation to how live experimental performances alter an experience in an audience as opposed to a documented or mediated experience. When an audience is presented with a raw sounding body, I’m interested in how are they affected and how this experience translates from one person to another. Throughout this paper I analyse, discuss and exemplify six of my own live event based works alongside other artists practicing in a similar field and context to highlight the intrinsic bodily experience that is evident when observing and receiving a sounding body in performance.
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Parsons, Rosemary Frances. "Group devised theatre a theoretical and practical examination of devising processes /." Master's thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/71211.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Macquarie University, Division of Society, Culture, Media and Philosophy, Department of Critical and Cultural Studies, 2007.<br>Bibliography: leaves 241-251.<br>Introduction -- Re-devising theatre: towards a genealogy of devising practice -- Pre-devising: group formation, development and games -- Devising theatre: This is not an exit -- Conclusion.<br>This non-traditional thesis explores the practical and theoretical processes of group-devised theatre. The research informing this thesis is derived from two interrelated components - a practical project in group devising, and a theoretical study of alternative theatre, devising methodologies, and performance theory. -- Chapter One defines "devising" before tracing its origins through the development of experimental practices from the historical avant-garde to the present day. These practices include radical disruptions to discursive language and structure, increased multimedia, reconsiderations of the performer's function and the use of improvisation. This genealogy is argued to be a "literature of practice" capable of informing contemporary devising projects, as well as helping to establish the position of devising within contemporary performance theory. -- Chapter Two examines how creative collaborators begin to form and function as a devising group, a period I theoretically term "pre-devising". By examining the experiences of my group, gaps in devising literature concerning group formation and composition are identified, complemented by an investigation into the role of theatre games in building ensemble. -- Chapter Three draws upon the genealogy of devising, devising literature and performance theory to interrogate the process of devising our production, This Is Not An Exit. The theoretical and practical problems of our methods are explored. These methods include organising the group as an artistic democracy, developing naturalistic characters, and establishing a "postmodern aesthetic". By analysing our experiences, this chapter attempts to illustrate the complex tangle of influences informing contemporary performance practitioners, and highlight areas ripe for future critical research.<br>Mode of access: World Wide Web.<br>251 leaves
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Santos, Fabio Luis Marques dos. "Strain-based experimental modal analysis: advances in theory and practice." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2015. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3386.
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The most common and established way of performing experimental modal analysis is to use acceleration based transducers that lead to the calculation of the displacement mode shapes. However, the use of strain measurements for use in experimental modal analysis has gained a lot of popularity in the last couple of years. Not only there are applications where the use of strain measurements makes for a more attractive and interesting option, such as structural health monitoring methods, but there are also applications where sensor size and placement might be critical and therefore strain sensors are the most eligible candidate. This thesis has as the main focus of research the use of strain sensors for experimental modal analysis. In this sense, experimental methodologies and improvements on the current ways of carrying out strain modal analysis are presented, paying particular attention to the relationship between strain and displacement modes. This study of the strain displacement relationship led to the development of a scaling methodology for strain modes and is used to demonstrate the presence of reciprocity under certain conditions. Overall, there are many experimental cases presented in this work, with the main objective of not only validating the theoretical aspects presented in the thesis, but also to provide guidance through the many steps and difficulties associated with experimental strain modal analysis.
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Zulick, John Andrew. "Practical experiments to determine performance characteristics of Shape Memory Alloys." Thesis, Springfield, Va. : Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA379264.
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Meads, Helen Claire. "'Experiment with Light' in Britain : the heterotopian nature of a contemporary Quaker spiritual practice." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3076/.
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This thesis is an ethnographic study into 'Experiment with Light', a reflexive spiritual practice within contemporary British Quakerism, based on seventeenth century Quaker writings. This is the first academic study of British Quakers to focus on religious experience. It demonstrates how Experimenters' religious experience and transformation supports them in changing the wider group's behaviour. I interweave heterotopia, reflexivity, religious experience, religious transformation and examination of internal Quaker conflict handling to argue that the Experiment is a heterotopian process leading Experimenters to find heterotopic places within themselves and that they sit in a heterotopic position vis-à-vis British Quakers generally. I extend Foucault's concept of heterotopia to show how (heterotopian) process interacts with (heterotopic) site to reveal heterotopia's multi-dimensionality and its potential to change its context, thus demonstrating that applying an analytic concept in an empirical study can reveal new aspects of that concept. I also show how using heterotopia as an analytical lens reveals how power plays out amongst British Quakers and thus how heterotopia is particularly useful for the nuanced sociological analysis of groups generally. This thesis is the first study in the sociology of religion to apply heterotopia to the experience, practice and structure of a religious group.
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Kishler, Blake. "Feathers flying an experiment and subsequent lesson proposal in the practice of inclusive design /." Connect to resource, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/44575.
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Groom, Peter. "An experimental study of mesolithic coastal fishing practices and shellfish procurement in western Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17623.
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Coastal shell middens, a prominent feature of the Mesolithic (11,500–6000 cal BP) archaeological record of western Scotland, suggest a maritime economy based on fishing and shellfish. Despite evidence for the importance of fish and shellfish to diet, virtually nothing is known as to the methods of procurement. Initially, work focussed on the palaeoenvironments of Scottish West Coast Mesolithic coastal sites, to establish the resources available to Mesolithic coastal dwellers. A range of archaeological/ethnohistorical fishing gear and food procurement strategies is described, together with views of field archaeologists, bushcraft practitioners and experimental archaeologists. These perspectives together with palaeoenvironmental data were considered when producing fishing gear utilising resources and technologies available during the Mesolithic. Fieldwork and experiments were conducted at the Scottish West Coast Mesolithic coastal sites of Ulva Cave, the Oban area, the island of Oronsay, and Sand, together with South Uist and the Urr estuary on the Solway Firth. The fishing gear manufactured reflects current debates as to fishing strategies, as such, several archaeological ‘models’ were tested. The gear also enabled an attempt at targeting the main fish and crab species found in the middens; Pollachius virens, Labridae, Pollachius pollachius, Carcinus maenas, Liocarcinus depurator and Cancer pagurus. In addition to fishing experiments, ecological surveys and forage exercises established the species present and available to a contemporary coastal forager, providing an indication as to the vigour and abundance of shoreline species. This data was compared to data from the middens, providing an insight into potential collection strategies. Exploratory procurement and manufacture experiments were conducted that tested a variety of materials, including their suitability for use, while bait tests assessed bait desirability. The results suggest that for Mesolithic groups to successfully exploit the coastal environments adjacent to the West coast midden sites, knowledge of tides and species together with simple manufacturing skills would have been sufficient.
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Westermann, Claudia. "An experimental research into inhabitable theories." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/882.
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The thesis research is situated within the field of Architecture. Its principle objective is the articulation of arguments for a new theory of architecture as an architectural poetics, and related to this, a new form of discourse as poetry of an architectonic order. The research was initiated through a series of questions that architects confront when asked to create and to speak about what can be understood to be(come) frameworks for (unknown) life. It thus deals with the question of the unknown and, related to this, the question of open form. It develops on the idea that a concept of inhabitation may be feasible exclusively on the basis of a theory that extends the well known two-valued logic that has been dominant in the Western world since the times of classical metaphysics. Rooted in philosophy, the research extends contemporary architectural and critical theory, notions from poets such as Paul Celan, Marguérite Duras and Samuel Beckett, and research in second order cybernetics – the latter with an emphasis on Gotthard Günther’s writings on Non-Aristotelean logic. The text’s focus is on the notion of Architecture as a transcendental concept. It advances the understanding of Architectural Design as a performative process that creates borders rather than borderlines, limits rather than limitations and, is therefore, a discipline of radical communication that always seeks to extend itself towards an Other – the unknown – addressing it without previously quantifying it to render it provable. The research furthers the field of Architecture by contributing to it a new theory in the form of an architectural poetics. It addresses questions of design with a procedural framework in which critical engagement is an intrinsic principle, and offers an alternative to existing discourses through a poetry of architectonic order that is open to the future.
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Ashrowan, Richard. "Alchemical catoptrics : light, matter and methodologies of transformation in moving image practice." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31017.
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The transformation of matter and the reflection of light are at the heart of filmmaking and moving image practice, exemplified by Stan Brakhage’s assertion that “matter is still light. Light held in a bind.” Catoptrics is the use of optical devices, mirrors, crystals and lenses in the processes of focussing and directing light. Alchemy has a two thousand year history, commonly misunderstood as a form erroneous proto-chemistry in which people sought the Philosopher’s Stone to transmute base metals into gold. Alchemical catoptrics is the place where the disciplines of alchemy and catoptrics meet, encompassing an enquiry into the fundamental properties of matter and the possibilities for its transformation, bound up in range of pre-scientific belief systems and philosophies of light, matter and cosmogenesis. In conventional media histories, the historical antecedents of moving image practice are usually explored through the evolution of visual media technologies. Such an approach only deals with the superficial tools of moving image practice, binding itself up in the machinery of spectacle, while remaining silent on the deeper questions of humankind’s imaginative relationship with luminous matter. The practice of alchemical catoptrics was an experimental exploration of this relationship; between light, the phenomenal world, the deep structure of substance, imagination, belief and meaning. The current study offers a fresh historical perspective on what it means to experiment with the substance of light in a transformative, luminous, meaning-making capacity. It uncovers a language of transformation that speaks to the author's own practice, while offering new insights into the experimental methodologies, motives and practices of other moving image artists. The research discusses the 13th century light philosophy of Robert Grosseteste and its referencing by Stan Brakhage and Hollis Frampton, leading into an exploration of the methodologies of historical alchemical catoptrics, citing original document translations prepared for the purpose of the thesis. Using the examples of Man Ray (1890–1976) and Patrick Bokanowski (1943-present), the research then shows how alchemical catoptrical thinking can inform our interpretation of the practices of these two moving image artists. The thesis concludes with an examination of the alchemical-catoptrical ideas and methods used for the production of two of my recent film works: Speculum (2011-2014) and Catoptrica (2011-2013).
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Usovaitė, Ana. "Experimental investigation and practical use of hard cosmic rays." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20060116_150650-80552.
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The thesis proposes an indirect indicator of the geomagnetic field variations, i.e. the hard cosmic ray flux. Analysing HCRF variations, a prognostic scheme of a leap of cardiovascular diseases was drafted. The application of this method, most probably, will inform people about the geomagnetic impact and will supplement other existing methods employed to reduce a leap of cardiovascular diseases.<br>Prie Žemės paviršiaus nuolat egzistuoja aplinkoje esančių radionuklidų spinduliuotė. Greta jos būna kosminės kilmės elementariųjų dalelių spinduliuotė. Šių kosminių dalelių kiekis ir pobūdis nuolat kinta laike, nes jas veikia heliomagnetiniai, geomagnetiniai, Žemės atmosferos būklės ir kiti veiksniai. Kaip žinoma, Žemės link nuolat juda izotropinis kosminių dalelių srautas. Dauguma šių dalelių atskrieja iš Galaktikos. Dėl neišvengiamos sąveikos su atmosferos dujų atomais pirminės kosminės dalelės negali prasiskverbti pro visą Žemės atmosferą. Dėl to artėjant prie Žemės paviršiaus aptinkamos jau tiktai antrinės dalelės, kurių daugumą sudaro miuonai ir gama kvantai.
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Karafistan, Rachel. "Shamanic dimensions within theatre practice today : an experimental and theoretical investigation." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366633.
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Marshall, Louise Catherine Antonia. "Deep listening : the strategic practice of female experimental composers post 1945." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2018. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/13477/.
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New developments in music technology, alongside a more porous understanding of the nature of sound and its performance, have opened experimental and contemporary music to many new expressions since 1945. It might therefore be expected that the revolutionary compositional ingenuity demonstrated by many of female composers shaping this new transmission of music-making would by now be carefully documented in the historiography. Yet this has not been the case, and their absence is symptomatic of a still active antipathy to women entering and participating in professional and artistic arenas that remain structured in gender terms. Taking my title from Pauline Oliveros’s practice of Deep Listening, my research analyses the compositional strategies of an indicative group of five female composers, with the intention of redressing this knowledge gap. I do this from a practice base, in which interviews with Éliane Radigue, Oliveros, Annea Lockwood, Joan La Barbara and Ellen Fullman are analysed through a methodology built from the intersections between psychoanalysis, oral history, and sound studies. From this, I propose the concept of the sonic artefact that results from the methodologically-focused encounter between researcher and narrator. Analysis of the communicative space within which the sonic artefact operates offers, I argue, a new methodology for gleaning ontological meaning from the sonic utterance of speech. This is extended to researchers as a method in which to theorise and to achieve a ‘deeper listening’ that attends to the historical depth of who is making sound and how they might be better heard. The audio interviews made during my research and additional documents share a focus with the Her Noise Archive at the University of the Arts London’s Special Archives and will be lodged there.
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Phoenix, Ekrem Eli. "Locus of music Open discourse and dynamics of control in music making." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18848.
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Locus of Music is a creative portfolio of original works by Ekrem Eli Phoenix (formerly known as Mülayim), as part of a PhD degree in musical composition. These works, and the accompanying research paper, are creative investigations into the notion of open discourse and dynamics of control in music making. The traditional model for the musical process is a vertical, hierarchical dynamic with the composer at the top and the audience at the bottom. In this model the power and the control lie with the composer. He is the definitive author of his creation, and therefore is the sole provider of the musical ‘truth’ for other parties to receive, interpret, recreate, and ultimately consume. Modern musical practices have challenged this model with notions such as ‘open work’, ‘indeterminacy’, and ‘shared authorship’. Such practices share parallels with changes in scientific thought as can be found in quantum physics and multi-value logics. This paper provides a philosophical base for these concepts by examining the theories of truth, question, decision making, and control. Through this examination, a circular dynamic emerges as an alternative to the vertical hierarchy. In this alternative model, the control, once solely possessed by the composer, is shared and redistributed amongst the parties involved in music making. The music makers are expected to maintain an open discourse during the realisation process. However, open discourse is a process that needs to be cultivated, diligently sustained and, at times, forcibly imposed in order for it to remain open, alive and vigorous. Otherwise, habitual musical decisions can be repeated at each performance and the works can no longer be referred as open. Enquiry reveals that a discourse is open in the face questions and it is closed when a statement is made and a truth is provided. Similarly, a decision making process takes place only in the face of questions and uncertainty. Uncertainty is characterised by the absence or loss of control over an activity or process. Decisions, consequently, can be seen as attempts at reclaiming or negotiating control. When music making is viewed as a decision making activity, the presence of uncertainty, therefore, emerges as essential for open discourse. As a result, this research, with its accompanying portfolio, is a systematic approach at devising works that challenge the control possessed by the music makers, deprive them of it, face them with uncertainty and, finally, limit their access to habitual, safe and repetitive decisions so that the music making process remains an open discourse.