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Journal articles on the topic 'Experimental analysis, hybrid composite, hybrid effect'
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1
Chitturi, Sai Krishna, A. A. Shaikh, and Alpesh H. Makwana. "Static analysis of thermoset-thermoplastic-based hybrid composite." International Journal of Structural Integrity 11, no. 1 (August 7, 2019): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-05-2019-0046.
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Purpose A growing response in the development of hybrid composites to conquer the deficiency of neat composites has provoked doing this work. Thermoplastic Polycarbonate material offers better impact toughness with low structural weight. There is a little/no information available over the selected sandwich hybrid composite prepared from woven E-Glass and polycarbonate sheet. The purpose of this paper is to understand the response of the novel hybrid structure under tensile, flexural, interlaminar shear and impact loading conditions. Design/methodology/approach The hand-layup technique is used for fabricating the hybrid composites in the laminate configuration. The hybrid composites are prepared with a total fiber content of 70 percent weight fractions. The effect of the percentage of reinforcement on mechanical properties is evaluated experimentally as per American society for testing materials standard test methods. The damaged mechanisms of failed samples and fractured surfaces are well analyzed using vision measuring system and scanning electron microscopy. Findings A decline in densities of hybrid composites up to 22.5 percent is noticed with reference to neat composite. An increase in impact toughness up to 40.73 percent is marked for hybrid laminates owing to the ductile nature of PC. Delamination is identified to be the major mode of failure apart from fiber fracture/pull-out, matrix cracking in all the static loading conditions. Originality/value The response of novel hybrid composite reported has been explored for the first time in this paper. The outcome of experimental work revealed that hybridization offered lightweight structures with improved transverse impact toughness as compared to conventional composite.
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Pastrav, Ovidiu Cristian, Ada Gabriela Delean, Codruta Sarosi, Laura Silaghi Dumitrescu, Alexandrina Muntean, Marius Gociu, and Marioara Moldovan. "Translucence Study through New Experimental Hybrid Composites." Key Engineering Materials 614 (June 2014): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.614.148.
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Translucence parameters for 3 series of experimental hybrid composites were investigated using three-chromatic coordinates such as L* a* b* CHROMA technique using a type C illuminant geometry with the scope of 8o. The materials of each series contain in the same ratio different copolymers and a filler mixture (simple and mixed hydroxyapatite-ZrO2 or SiO2 powders and glass powders with barium oxide, respective strontium oxide, or quartz powder). The purpose was to determine the effect of filler composition of composites on translucence. The analysis shows that these materials have more or less translucence. CHROMA determinations indicate that for the composite that has as filler quartz microparticles anh hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, the translucence registered is higher. Results leading to the idea that chemical composition and the size of inorganic phase are important to obtain translucent composite materials that have very natural in appearance. Keywords: translucence, hybrid composites, CHROMA method.
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Yadav, P. S., Rajesh Purohit, Anil Kothari, and R. S. Rajput. "Effect of Kevlar Fiber and Nano Sio2 on Mechanical Andthermal Properties of Hybrid Composites." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 37, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 531–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/370303.
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The aim of the current investigation is an analysis of the mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy/ nano-silica/ Kevlar fiber hybrid composites. The ultrasonic vibration-assisted hand layup process was used for the preparation of composite with different weight percentages (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) of Nano SiO2 particles and 2 layers of the Kevlar fiber. For the evolution of mechanical properties tensile tests, hardness tests, impact tests, and flexural tests were done. For evaluation of morphological analysis Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-RD, and FT-IR tests were performed. A heat deflection temperature test was performed for the evaluation of the thermal characteristic of the hybrid composite. The results show the improvement of mechanical and thermal properties of the hybrid composite with increasing wt.% of nano SiO2 particles in the hybrid composites. As per the observation of experimental results, the Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy,Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction test also show the enhancement of surface morphology and chemical structure of hybrid composites. The heat diffraction test shows the improvement of thermal resistance and heat absorption capability.As per the observation of experimental results, the tensile strength, hardness, and impact strength increased up to 98%, 16%, and 42% respectively. The flexural test shows the improvement of flexural modulus and stresses 46% and 35% respectively. The heat deflection temperature of hybrid composite improves up to 30%.
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Esfahani, M. M. Nasr, H. Ghasemnejad, and P. E. Barrington. "Experimental and Numerical Buckling Analysis of Delaminated Hybrid Composite Beam Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 24-25 (June 2010): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.24-25.393.
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In this paper the effect of delamination position on the critical buckling load and buckling mode of hybrid composite beams is investigated. Experimental and numerical studies are carried out to determine the buckling load of delaminated composite beams. The laminated composite beams with various laminate designs of [G90]6, [C90]8, [C0/G0]4 and [C90/G90]4 were manufactured and tested to find the critical buckling load. Three different defect positions were placed through the thickness to find three main buckling modes. It was found that delamination position and lay-up can affect the buckling mode and also the critical buckling load. By approaching the delamination position to the outer surface of the specimen the buckling load decreases. The buckling process of hybrid and non-hybrid composite beams was also simulated by finite element software ANSYS and the critical buckling loads were verified with the relevant experimental results.
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Sathish, S., K. Kumaresan, L. Prabhu, and N. Vigneshkumar. "Experimental Investigation on Volume Fraction of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Flax and Bamboo Fibers Reinforced Hybrid Epoxy Composites." Polymers and Polymer Composites 25, no. 3 (March 2017): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739111702500309.
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The aim of this paper is to study the effect of volume fraction on mechanical and physical properties such as tensile, flexural, impact, interlaminar shear strength, void content and water absorption of flax and bamboo fibers reinforced hybrid epoxy composites. Flax and bamboo fibers reinforced epoxy resin matrix hybrid composites have been fabricated by compression molding techniques. The hybrid composites were fabricated with different volume fraction of fibers. SEM analysis on the hybrid composite materials was performed to analyze the bonding behavior of materials and internal structure of the fractured surfaces. The effect of chemical treatment of flax and bamboo fibers was verified by FTIR analysis. The results showed that the tensile, impact, flexural and ILSS are maximum for 40:0 (flax: bamboo) hybrid composites. The void content decreased for 20:20 (flax:bamboo) composites due to tightly packed flax fiber and more compatibility towards epoxy resin.
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Jenarthanan, M. P., A. Lakshman Prakash, and R. Jeyapaul. "Experimental investigation and analysis of machinability behaviour of hybrid GFRP composites during end milling." Pigment & Resin Technology 45, no. 3 (May 3, 2016): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-02-2015-0018.
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Purpose This paper aims to develop a mathematical model for analysing surface roughness during end milling by using response surface methodology (RSM) and to determine how the input parameters (cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate) influence the output parameter (surface roughness) in the machining of hybrid glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP; Abaca and Glass) composite by using solid carbide end mill cutter. Design/methodology/approach Three factors and a three-level Box–Behnken design in RSM were used to carry out the experimental investigation. Handysurf E-35A was used to measure the surface roughness of the machined hybrid GFRP composites. The “Design Expert 8.0” was used to analyse the data collected graphically. Analysis of variance was carried out to validate the model and determine the most significant parameter. Findings The response surface model was used to predict the input factors influencing the surface roughness of the machined surfaces of hybrid GFRP composite at different cutting conditions with a chosen range of 95 per cent confidence intervals. Analysis of the influences of the entire individual input machining parameters on the surface roughness carried out using RSM. Originality/value The effect of the milling of hybrid GFRP composite on the surface roughness with solid carbide end mill by using RSM has not been analysed yet.
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Attia, MA, MA Abd El-baky, and AE Alshorbagy. "Mechanical performance of intraply and inter-intraply hybrid composites based on e-glass and polypropylene unidirectional fibers." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316644972.
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The aims of this study are to design, fabricate and investigate the mechanical properties of new hybrid composite laminates made from polypropylene-glass unidirectional fibers and epoxy matrix. Specimens were fabricated following the hand lay-up technique in intraply and inter-intraply configurations. Results are presented regarding the tensile, flexural, in-plane shear and interlaminar shear behaviors of fabricated composites with particular consideration of the effects of the plies stacking sequence and hybrid configuration. The experimental results reveal that the mechanical properties of polypropylene/epoxy composite can be effectively improved by the incorporation of glass fiber through the formation of either intraply or inter-intraply hybrid composites. With a proper choice of the hybrid configuration and the plies stacking sequence, the fabricated hybrid composites achieved property profiles close to those of homogeneous glass reinforced laminate in terms of specific properties. Resistance of the intraply hybrid composite to tensile and flexural loadings is higher than inter-intraply hybrid composites. On the other hand, the highest in-plane and interlaminar shear strengths are associated with the inter-intraply hybrid composite with glass fiber core. Additionally, an analytical analysis was also introduced to provide a good correlation with the experimental data, which give an insight on the ideal plies stacking sequence to achieve the required properties.
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Sinha, Agnivesh Kumar, Somnath Bhattacharya, and Harendra Kumar Narang. "Experimental determination and modelling of the mechanical properties of hybrid abaca-reinforced polymer composite using RSM." Polymers and Polymer Composites 27, no. 9 (June 16, 2019): 597–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391119855843.
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Hybrid natural fibre polymer composites have attracted attention of research community owing to their better mechanical properties as compared to conventional materials. Besides being inexpensive, natural fibres are eco-friendly in nature. In past literature, abaca has shown tremendous potential for its suitability in structural applications. Present work deals with mechanical characterization and modelling of hybrid abaca epoxy composites with red mud as filler. Hybrid composites were prepared by hand lay-up technique. Experiments were designed based on full factorial method having three control parameters, namely weight percentage of abaca (2.6, 5.26 and 7.9 wt%), weight percentage of red mud (4, 8 and 12 wt%) and particle size of red mud (68, 82 and 98 µm). Flexural and impact strength of composites were evaluated. Mathematical models for flexural and impact strength of hybrid abaca composites were developed using response surface method. Developed models for mechanical properties of composite were analysed using analysis of variance to recognize the significance of control parameters or input variables on the mechanical properties of hybrid composites. Moreover, interaction effects of input variables on flexural and impact strength of hybrid composites were also investigated. Developed model also enables us to predict mechanical properties of hybrid composites.
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Murugan, R., Rajagopal Ramesh, and K. Padmanabhan. "Investigation on Vibration Behaviour of Cantilever Type Glass/Carbon Hybrid Composite Beams at Higher Frequency Range Using Finite Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.257.
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Woven fabric composites are now being increasingly used in aircraft and automobile structures due to balanced properties in the fabric plane. In the present work, woven fabric glass beam is modified and strengthened by interplying high modulus carbon fabric plies for improving the strength to weight ratio and thereby to achieve better performance in various dynamic conditions. The objective of the present work is to investigate the vibration behavior of cantilever type glass/carbon hybrid composite beams subjected to higher frequency of operation using finite element method. Unit plied woven fabric glass, carbon and hybrid of glass/carbon laminates were fabricated using hand layup technique. Experimental modal analysis of unit plied composite beams was carried out by impulse excitation technique under fixed free boundary condition. Theoretical modal analysis was done by finite element method using elastic constants derived from rule of mixture equations. The experimental and theoretical frequency results were compared and analyzed for finding the degree of deviation using regression analysis. The coefficients of regression analysis were used to find effective elastic constants of composite laminates. Further these effective elastic constants were applied for modal analysis of hybrid composite beams under higher frequency range. The results of mode shape, modal frequency of hybrid beams were reported and discussed. The effect of stacking sequence and effect of beam size on vibration characteristics at higher frequency range was also discussed.
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Dnyandev Patil, Sagar, and Yogesh J. Bhalerao. "Multi-objective optimization of carbon/glass hybrid composites with newly developed resin (NDR) using gray relational analysis." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 16, no. 6 (May 6, 2020): 1709–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-08-2019-0141.
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PurposeIt is seen that little amount of work on optimization of mechanical properties taking into consideration the combined effect of design variables such as stacking angle, stacking sequence, different resins and thickness of composite laminates has been carried out. The focus of this research work is on the optimization of the design variables like stacking angle, stacking sequence, different resins and thickness of composite laminates which affect the mechanical properties of hybrid composites. For this purpose, the Taguchi technique and the method of gray relational analysis (GRA) are used to identify the optimum combination of design variables. In this case, the effect of the abovementioned design variables, particularly of the newly developed resin (NDR) on mechanical properties of hybrid composites has been investigated.Design/methodology/approachThe Taguchi method is used for design of experiments and with gray relational grade (GRG) approach, the optimization is done.FindingsFrom the experimental analysis and optimization study, it was seen that the NDR gives excellent bonding strength of fibers resulting in enhanced mechanical properties of hybrid composite laminates. With the GRA method, the initial setting (A3B2C4D2) was having GRG 0.866. It was increased by using a new optimum combination (A2B2C4D1) to 0.878. It means that there is an increment in the grade by 1.366%. Therefore, using the GRA approach of analysis, design variables have been successfully optimized to achieve enhanced mechanical properties of hybrid composite laminates.Originality/valueThis is an original research work.
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Erkliğ, Ahmet, Mehmet Bulut, and Eyüp Yeter. "Natural frequency response of laminated hybrid composite beams with and without cutouts." Journal of Polymer Engineering 34, no. 9 (December 1, 2014): 851–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2014-0061.
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Abstract This study deals with the effect of hybridization on the natural frequency of woven laminated hybrid composite beams with and without cutouts under the clamped-free boundary condition. Woven carbon, Kevlar and S-glass fibers with epoxy were used for the production of hybrid composites. Natural frequencies of the hybrid composite beams were experimentally determined for [(0/90)3]S stacking sequence. Numerical analyses were performed to investigate the influences of fiber orientation angles, circular and rectangular cutouts, cutout size ratios and positions on natural frequency. Good agreement between experimental and numerical results was found from a comparison of natural frequencies. The results shows that the fiber type used in the layers, cutout size and position on the beam strongly effects the natural frequency.
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Ribeiro, Filipe, José Sena-Cruz, Fernando G. Branco, Eduardo Júlio, and Fernando Castro. "Analytical hybrid effect prediction and evolution of the tensile response of unidirectional hybrid fibre-reinforced polymers composites for civil engineering applications." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 22 (March 18, 2020): 3205–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320911956.
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The performance of a progressive damage model in quantitative hybrid effect prediction of a comprehensive set of different 16 unidirectional interlayer (layer-by-layer) hybrid composites was assessed. Composites, produced by the hand lay-up method, made out of four different commercially available dry unidirectional fabric materials, namely high-modulus carbon, standard carbon, E-glass and basalt, were tested. Tensile tests on single fibres were performed in order to determine their Weibull strength distribution parameters, which were used as inputs of the progressive damage model. Reasonably good agreement between analytical and experimental hybrid effect results was obtained, which allowed to estimate satisfactorily the reference strengths of the unidirectional low strain composite materials. Next, an existing analytical model for the simulation of stress–strain curve of hybrid composites was adapted to contemplate the hybrid effect, which allowed to predict the following properties of unidirectional hybrid combinations: ‘yield’ stress (or pseudo-yield stress), pseudo-ductile strain and strength. It was verified as well that predictions of the three properties referred to were in close agreement with the test results. Finally, damage mode maps were used in the analysis of these properties and, furthermore, of the hybrid effect and the elastic modulus of hybrid combinations.
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Margabandu, Sathiyamoorthy, and Senthilkumar Subramaniam. "An experimental investigation of thrust force, delamination and surface roughness in drilling of jute/carbon hybrid composites." World Journal of Engineering 17, no. 5 (July 6, 2020): 661–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-03-2020-0080.
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Purpose This paper aims to deal with the influence of cutting parameters on drill thrust force, delamination and surface roughness in the drilling of laminated jute/carbon hybrid composites. Design/methodology/approach The hybrid composites were fabricated with four layers of fabrics, which are arranged in different sequences using the hand-layup technique. Drilling experiments involved drilling of 6 mm diameter holes on the prepared composite plates using high-speed steel and solid carbide drill materials. Analysis of variance was used to find the influence, percentage contribution and significance of drilling parameters on drilling-induced damages. Scanning electron microscopy analysis was also conducted to understand the fracture behavior and surface morphology of the drilled holes. Findings The experimental study reveals that the most significant effect was the feed rate influenced the drill thrust force and the drill speed influenced both delamination factor and surface roughness of hybrid fiber-reinforced composites. From observations, the suggested combination for drilling jute/carbon hybrid composites is carbide drill, spindle speed of 1,750 rpm and feed of 0.03 mm/rev. Originality/value The new lightweight and low-cost hybrid composites were developed by hybridizing jute with carbon fabrics in the epoxy matrix with interplay arrangements. The influence of cutting speed and feed rate on delamination damage and surface roughness in the drilling of hybrid composites have been experimentally evaluated.
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Selver, Erdem, Nuray Ucar, and Turgut Gulmez. "Effect of stacking sequence on tensile, flexural and thermomechanical properties of hybrid flax/glass and jute/glass thermoset composites." Journal of Industrial Textiles 48, no. 2 (October 12, 2017): 494–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083717736102.
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This paper investigates tensile, flexural, and dynamic mechanical properties of natural and hybrid thermoset composite laminates made from flax/glass and jute/glass fibres. Hybrid laminates with various stacking sequences were manufactured by vacuum infusion method. Weight and cost of composites decreased using cheaper and lightweight natural fibres (flax and jute). Results showed that composite laminates made from natural fibres had higher specific strength values when the results were normalised to same glass fibre volume fraction, although they had lower tensile and flexural strength than that of glass composites without normalization. Composite elastic properties were predicted using classical lamination theory through rule of mixture and Halpin–Tsai models, and compared with experimental values. Changing the stacking sequence did not affect the tensile strength and modulus of composites significantly, whereas there were notable differences on flexural strength of composites when the outer layers contained glass fibres. Dynamic mechanical analyses showed similar results as flexural test, while natural fibre and some of hybrid composites had higher damping characteristics than glass-reinforced composites.
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Ramesh, M., C. Deepa, G. R. Arpitha, and V. Gopinath. "Effect of hybridization on properties of hemp-carbon fibre-reinforced hybrid polymer composites using experimental and finite element analysis." World Journal of Engineering 16, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 248–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-04-2018-0125.
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Purpose In the recent years, the industries show interest in natural and synthetic fibre-reinforced hybrid composites due to weight reduction and environmental reasons. The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate the properties of the hybrid composites fabricated by using carbon, untreated and alkaline-treated hemp fibres. Design/methodology/approach The composites were tested for strengths under tensile, flexural, impact and shear loadings, and the water absorption characteristics were also observed. The finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out to analyse the elastic behaviour of the composites and predict the strength by using ANSYS 15.0. Findings From the experimental results, it is observed that the hybrid composites can withstand the maximum tensile strength of 61.4 MPa, flexural strength of 122.4 MPa, impact strength of 4.2 J/mm2 and shear strength of 25.5 MPa. From the FEA results, it is found that the maximum stress during tensile, flexural and impact loading is 47.5, 2.1 and 1.03 MPa, respectively. Originality/value The results of the untreated and alkaline-treated hemp-carbon fibre composites were compared and found that the alkaline-treated composites perform better in terms of mechanical properties. Then, the ANSYS-predicted values were compared with the experimental results, and it was found that there is a high correlation occurs between the untreated and alkali-treated hemp-carbon fibre composites. The internal structure of the broken surfaces of the composite samples was analysed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.
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Et. al., Hassan A. Alessa,. "Analysis of Delaminated Hybrid Carbon Fiber Composites in MODE-I." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 2 (March 28, 2021): 605–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i2.393.
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Failure analysis of laminated composite structures has attracted a great deal of interest in recent years due to the increased application of composite materials in a wide range of high-performance structures. Intensive experimental and theoretical studies of failure analysis and prediction are being reviewed. Delamination, the separation of two adjacent plies in composite laminates, represents one of the most critical failure modes in composite laminates. In fact, it is an essential issue in the evaluation of composite laminates for durability and damage tolerance. Thus, broken fibers, delaminated regions, cracks in the matrix material, as well as holes, foreign inclusions and small voids constitute material and structural imperfections that can exist in composite structures. Imperfections have always existed and their effect on the structural response of a system has been very significant in many cases. These imperfections can be classified into two broad categories: initial geometrical imperfections and material or constructional imperfections
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Subramani, Mageshwaran, and Manoharan Ramamoorthy. "Vibration analysis of multiwalled carbon nanotube-reinforced composite shell: An experimental study." Polymers and Polymer Composites 28, no. 4 (August 22, 2019): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391119870406.
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In the present study, the vibration analysis of a multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-reinforced composite shell is performed to investigate the enhancement in natural frequencies and damping of polymer composite structure. Initially, the material characterization of MWCNT-reinforced polymer resin was performed using scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis to identify the bonding behavior of MWCNT with resin, structure of MWCNTs, structural integrity, and chemical purity of MWCNT. The mechanical characterization of MWCNT-reinforced polymer composites was performed using universal testing machine to identify the enhancement in tensile properties of the composites with MWCNT reinforcement. Laminated composite shell samples were then fabricated with the different weight fraction of the MWCNT to study the effect of weight percentage of MWCNT on the composite shells on enhancement of natural frequencies and damping. Significant increase in tensile characteristics of the composites could also be identified with the addition of MWCNT in polymer composites. It was also observed that the fundamental natural frequency and damping factor of the hybrid composite could be increased by 20% and 7%, respectively, with 1 wt% reinforcement of MWCNT in the polymer resin.
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Wang, Xiao Qiang, Wei Tao Zhao, Bo Fang, and Ye Wei Zhang. "Finite Element Analysis of Influence of Nanoparticle on Hybrid Composites Reinforced by Fiber and Nanoparticle." Advanced Materials Research 1033-1034 (October 2014): 892–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1033-1034.892.
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In order to improve the strength and toughness of materials, nanoparticle is always embedded into epoxy resin and fiber composite materials. The influence of the number, distribution and mechanical property of nanoparticle arranged around the fiber on fiber reinforced composites is evaluated in this paper. A finite element analysis under a tensile load is performed by using commercial finite element software named as ABAQUS. Both the stress contour and progressive damage failure mode of the representative volume element (RVE) model of fiber reinforced composites are obtained. A series of computational experimental results indicate that both the space geometry property and mechanical property of nanoparticle have a significant effect on the stiffness and strength properties of these composite materials.
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Mengal, Ali Nawaz, and Saravanan Karuppanan. "Study on Interlaminar Shear Strength of Angle Ply Oriented Basalt-Carbon Hybrid Composite." Key Engineering Materials 701 (July 2016): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.701.300.
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In this study inter-laminar shear strength of basalt-carbon hybrid composite was investigated experimentally and numerically. The finite element model was generated in ANSYS® software. The main aim of this paper was to determine the influence of fiber orientation on interlaminar shear strength, and to estimate the interlaminar shear strength of angle ply oriented basalt-carbon hybrid composite laminates. The tested specimens with varying orientations were prepared using hand lay-up technique. Short beam shear test under three point bending was performed through ASTM D2344. The input data for finite element analysis was obtained from three point bending test. Numerical results obtained from ANSYS showed good correlation with experimental results. From the obtained results of experimental and FEA analysis the effect of fiber orientation was proved on interlaminar shear strength of basalt-carbon hybrid composite laminates.
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Kulkarni, S. G., Achchhe Lal, and J. V. Menghani. "Effect of reinforcement type and porosity on strength of metal matrix composite." International Journal of Computational Materials Science and Engineering 05, no. 01 (March 2016): 1650006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2047684116500068.
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In the present work, experimental investigation and the numerical analysis are carried out for strength analysis of A356 alloy matrix composites reinforced with alumina, fly ash and hybrid particle composites. The combined strengthening effect of load bearing, Hall–Petch, Orowan, coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch and elastic modulus mismatch is studied for predicting accurate uniaxial stress–strain behavior of A356 based alloy matrix composite. The unit cell micromechanical approach and nine noded isoparametric finite element analysis (FEA) is used to investigate the yield failure load by considering material defect of porosity as fabrication errors in particulate composite. The Ramberg–Osgood approach is considered for the linear and nonlinear relationship between stress and strain of A356 based metal matrix composites containing different amounts of fly ash and alumina reinforcing particles. A numerical analysis of material porosity on the stress strain behavior of the composite is performed. The literature and experimental results exhibit the validity of this model and confirm the importance of the fly ash as the cheapest and low density reinforcement obtained as a waste by product in thermal power plants.
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Subashree, P., and R. Thenmozhi. "Flexural Performance of Hybrid-Rubberized Composite Slabs Using Finite Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.167.
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Ab s t r act Hybrid Rubberized Composite Slabs (HRCS) is an innovative material which has been developed for highway barriers in bridge construction to avoid vehicle accidents and thereby reducing the risk to public. A three dimensional hybrid rubberized composite slab model (HRCS) was created using Finite element Analysis Software ANSYS and was validated by previous experimental research works on concrete with crumb rubber. Finite element simulations were performed to examine the effect of replacing 0-20% of fine aggregates with crumb rubber. The load-displacement behavior was analyzed for the plain and hybrid rubberized composite slabs under static bending loads. From the results, it was found that, the displacement decrease significantly with increase in the amount of fine crumb rubber replacement. The static bending load decreases as the percentage of replacement of fine crumb rubber increases. Aggregate replacement with crumb rubber in concrete decreases its strength under static bending load. As confirmed by experimental results, FEA can effectively simulate the behaviour of HRCS when the proper numerical model is adopted. Keywords: Hybrid Rubberized Concrete Slab, Crumb Rubber, Finite element analysis (FEA), Static Bending Load.
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Jenarthanan, M. P., A. Lakshman Prakash, and R. Jeyapaul. "Experimental investigation and analysis of factors influencing delamination and surface roughness of hybrid GFRP laminates using Taguchi technique." Pigment & Resin Technology 45, no. 6 (November 7, 2016): 463–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-03-2015-0035.
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Purpose The paper aims to develop a mathematical model for delamination and surface roughness during end milling by using response surface methodology (RSM) and to determine how the input parameters (cutting speed, depth of cut, helix angle and feed rate) influence the output response (delamination and surface roughness) in machining of hybrid glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP; Abaca and Glass) composite using solid carbide end mill cutter. Design/methodology/approach Four-factor, three-level Taguchi orthogonal array design in RSM is used to carry out the experimental investigation. The “Design Expert 8.0” is used to analyse the data collected graphically. Analysis of variance is carried out to validate the model and for determining the most significant parameter. Findings The feed rate is the cutting parameter which has greater influence on delamination (88.39 per cent), and cutting speed is the cutting parameter which has greater influence on surface roughness (53.42 per cent) for hybrid GFRP composite materials. Both surface roughness and delamination increase as feed rate increases, which means that the composite damage is larger for higher feed rates. Originality/value Effect of milling of hybrid GFRP composite on delamination and surface roughness with various helix angles of solid carbide end mill has not been analysed yet using RSM.
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Ravandi, M., U. Kureemun, M. Banu, WS Teo, Liu Tong, TE Tay, and HP Lee. "Effect of interlayer carbon fiber dispersion on the low-velocity impact performance of woven flax-carbon hybrid composites." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 12 (October 23, 2018): 1717–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318808355.
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This work investigates the effects of interlayer hybrid fiber dispersion on the impact response of carbon-flax epoxy hybrid laminates at low carbon volume fractions, and benchmarks the mechanical performance enhancement against the non-hybrid flax epoxy. Five hybrid laminate stacking sequences with similar carbon-to-flax weight ratio were fabricated and subjected to low-velocity impact at three different energy values, generating non-perforated and perforated damage states. A virtual drop-weight impact test that models intralaminar failure based on continuum damage mechanics approach, and delamination using cohesive elements, was also implemented to evaluate the material behavior and damage development in the composites. Simulation results were then verified against experimental data. Results suggested that positioning stiffer carbon plies at the impact face does not necessarily lead to enhancement of the hybrid's impact properties. On the contrary, flax plies at the impacted side lead to significant improvement in impact resistance compared to the non-hybrid flax composite with similar thickness. Results of finite element analysis showed that carbon plies play a significant role in the hybrid laminate's energy absorption characteristics due to lower failure strain.
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Wang, Xianzhong, Yingying Zuo, and Yongshui Lin. "Structural-Acoustic Modeling and Analysis of Carbon/Glass Fiber Hybrid Composite Laminates." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 20, no. 04 (April 2020): 2050048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455420500480.
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The vibration and acoustic behaviors of both glass fiber laminated plates and carbon/glass fiber hybrid laminated plates are investigated by numerical simulation. The free vibration, forced vibration and acoustic radiation of laminated plates including glass fiber laminates and carbon/glass fiber hybrid laminates in air and water are calculated by the coupled finite element and boundary element method and compared with the corresponding test results. It was demonstrated that results obtained by the coupled finite element and boundary element method are in good agreement with the experimental ones. The effects of dispersion, outer fiber types and fiber hybrid ratio on the vibration and sound radiation of the laminates plates are also discussed.
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Caputo, Francesco, Giuseppe Lamanna, and Alessandro Soprano. "Effects of Tolerances on the Structural Behavior of a Bolted Hybrid Joint." Key Engineering Materials 488-489 (September 2011): 565–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.488-489.565.
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In this work, results from a study on bolted joints made of unidirectional, quasi isotropic Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites, subjected to tensile loads, are reported. CFRP composite materials are widely used in the mechanical industry, such as that of aerospace, where requirements of weight reduction and structural high performances are very compelling. Composite materials generally present a high resistance to fatigue and corrosion; however, the presence of joints produces the major problems and a poor design of joints leads to a drastic reduction of the reliability of structures made of these materials. A hybrid bolted joint involving a metal plate, made of aluminum alloy, and a CFRP composite plate has been considered; the plates are held together by a titanium bolt. Experimental results from literature are compared with those obtained through a numerical analysis developed with Abaqus code. Once the CFRP composite has been analyzed and the numerical model validated through numerical-experimental correlations, other possible configurations have been numerically analyzed in order to ensure the highest strength of the examined hybrid joint. Afterwards the effects of bolt-hole clearance on the stiffness and strength of the same joint have been investigated.
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Guida, Michele, Andrea Sellitto, Francesco Marulo, and Aniello Riccio. "Analysis of the Impact Dynamics of Shape Memory Alloy Hybrid Composites for Advanced Applications." Materials 12, no. 1 (January 5, 2019): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12010153.
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In this work, the behaviour of thermoplastic composites and Shape Memory Alloy Hybrid Composites (SMAHCs) for aeronautical applications is analysed and compared by means of findings from numerical analyses and experimental tests. At first, experimental tests are performed by using a drop tower facility on both carbon fibre reinforced plastic samples and Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) samples hybridized with shape memory alloy materials. The materials properties and the different lower velocity impacts behaviours are simulated and validated by means of numerical models discretized in LS-Dyna explicit solver. For both configurations, the deformation mechanism for low intensity impacts, the absorbed energy, and the effect of rebounding upon the velocity change, and hence the amount of force, are investigated. Then, a configuration is prepared to withstand higher-energy impacts. Finally, the numerical analysis is extended for an innovative layup adapted on an aeronautical structure, which is subjected to the bird-strike phenomenon at 180 m/s and with an impacting mass of 1.8 kg according to the airworthiness requirements. In this study, SMAHCs are used to improve the composite impact response and energy absorption thanks to the superelastic effect.
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Islam, MK, A. Sharif, M. Hussain, and I. Hassan. "Synergic effect of recycled cotton fabric and wood saw dust reinforced biodegradable polypropylene composites." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 54, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v54i1.40727.
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Hybrid polymer matrix composites of waste cotton fabric and wood saw dust reinforcements were studied with a view to recycling the wastes from garments and carpentry industries. Polymer composites with cotton fabric and wood-saw-dust reinforcements were fabricated using hot press machine. Their physical, thermal and mechanical behaviors were discussed in terms of moisture absorption, thermal stability, tensile strength, elastic modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus. Compositional analyses of fibers, matrix and composites were carried out with FTIR spectroscopy. Experimental results revealed that tensile and flexural strength of the composites increased with cotton fabric reinforcement. On the other hand, with increasing wood saw dust strength decreased up to a certain limit and then increased again. Water absorption of the hybrid composites increased substantially with increasing natural filler contents. Maximum water absorption was observed in 20% fabric/wood-saw-dust reinforced polymer composite. Furthermore, TGA graphs suggest better thermal stability of the hybrid composites than that of pure polypropylene.
Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(1), 21-30, 2019
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Jenarthanan, M. P., A. Lakshman Prakash, and R. Jeyapaul. "Mathematical modeling of delamination factor on end milling of hybrid GFRP composites through RSM." Pigment & Resin Technology 45, no. 5 (September 5, 2016): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-08-2015-0083.
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Purpose This paper aims to develop a mathematical model for delamination during end milling by using response surface methodology (RSM) and to determine how the input parameters (cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate) influence the output response (delamination) in machining of hybrid glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP; abaca and glass) composite using solid carbide end mill cutter. Design/methodology/approach Three factors, three levels Box–Behnken design in RSM is used to carry out the experimental investigation. Shop microscope Mitutoyo TM-500 is used to measure the width of maximum damage of the machined hybrid GFRP composites. The “Design Expert 8.0” is used to analyse the data collected graphically. Analysis of variance is carried out to validate the model and for determining the most significant parameter. Findings The RSM is used to predict the input factors influencing the delamination on the machined surfaces of hybrid GFRP composite at different cutting conditions with the chosen range of 95 per cent confidence intervals. Analysis on the influences of the entire individual input machining parameters on the delamination has been carried out using RSM. Originality/value Effect of milling of hybrid GFRP composite on delamination with solid carbide end mill has not been analysed yet using RSM.
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Kavimani, V., P. M. Gopal, B. Stalin, Alagar Karthick, S. Arivukkarasan, and Murugesan Bharani. "Effect of Graphene Oxide-Boron Nitride-Based Dual Fillers on Mechanical Behavior of Epoxy/Glass Fiber Composites." Journal of Nanomaterials 2021 (August 7, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5047641.
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Graphene and its derivatives have excellent properties such as high surface area, thermal, and mechanical strength, and this fact made the researchers promote them as the possible filler material for fiber-matrix composite. The current research deals with validation on the effect of graphene oxide boron nitride filler over mechanical and thermal stability of epoxy glass fiber polymer matrix composite. The objective of this experimental investigation is to develop glass fiber reinforced polymer composites with hybrid filler addition. The matrix material selected is epoxy resin, whereas the glass fiber is selected as reinforcement, while boron nitride and graphene oxide are chosen as fillers. Compression moulding methodology is followed to develop the composites with the constant percentage of fiber loading, graphene oxide filler, and varying boron nitride content from 0 to 3 wt.% at an equal interval of 1 wt.%. The developed composite is analyzed for mechanical properties, and the fractured surface is analyzed through the scanning electron microscope. The addition of hybrid fillers enhances the fiber-matrix bonding strength and improves the thermal and mechanical properties up to a specific limit. Thermal gravimetric analysis was conducted to understand the thermal behavior of composite. The results revealed that the addition of filler improved the thermal stability of the composites.
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Aklilu, Getahun, Sarp Adali, and Glen Bright. "Temperature Effect on Mechanical Properties of Carbon, Glass and Hybrid Polymer Composite Specimens." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 39 (November 2018): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.39.119.
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This paper presents the results of an experimental program to study the mechanical properties of currently available composite materials for the construction of wind turbine blade. The materials identified for this purpose include unidirectional glass fibre/epoxy (GFRP), carbon fibre/epoxy (CFRP) and hybrid combinations of these two materials to be used in a laminated design and at elevated temperatures. The tests conducted in the present programme includes short beam shear test and dynamic mechanical analysis tests after the specimens are exposed to temperatures ranging from 25 to 140°C. The results indicate that the inter-laminar shear failure strength and stiffness of GFRP, CFRP and hybrid specimens degrade with increasing temperature. However, the degradation is observed to be higher in single material specimens in comparison to hybrid specimens. In particular, stiffness of CFRP specimens decreased linearly as the temperature approached 40°C and increased up to the glass transition temperature of epoxy. Experimental results indicated that damping properties of Glass-Carbon-Glass/epoxy specimens improved at elevated temperatures which is important for noise and vibration control. In the present study, empirical models are proposed based on the test data to predict the variation of inter-laminar shear failure stress and stiffness as a function of temperature. The experimental results and proposed model can be used as input parameters to design and construct composite wind turbine blades to be used in tropical wind farms.
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Reddy, K. Manohar, D. Harsha Vardhan, Y. Santhosh Kumar Reddy, Gujjala Raghavendra, and Ramesh Rudrapati. "Experimental Study of Thermal and Mechanical Behaviour of Graphite-Filled UJF Composite." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (July 13, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3739573.
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The advancement of composites mixed with natural fibers and with fillers has become the most supportable alternative material for engineering applications, especially in industries such as automotive and aerospace. Natural fibers are renewable, cheap, biodegradable, and ecological materials. In the present work, already used woven jute fibers, which are extracted from gunny bags with the same grams per square meter (GSM), were used, and then, woven jute fibers were chemically treated to improve their characteristics. Graphite powder-filled used jute fiber reinforced epoxy composite (UJF) are prepared by using the hand-layup technique. Tests such as tensile, flexure, impact, and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) were conducted. These tests were according to ASTM standards to evaluate the effect of graphite filler content on hybrid epoxy jute composites. The composite material is prepared by changing the content by weight of the filler by 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%. The experimental results reveal that 6% of the graphite composites showed the maximum tensile strength and modulus. With the increase in the filler content, there is a decrease in the flexural properties. The impact resistance increases slightly up to 6% of the filler content. The study of thermal decomposition showed that the lowest mass loss was found at 9% by weight of the filler content. Morphological analysis performed by FE-SEM showed that the addition of filler content improved the binding of the fiber and matrix up to 6% by weight of the filler content. It should be noted that these hybrid composites are a promising material at low cost for lightweight structural applications.
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Patel, Surendra, Raman Nateriya, and G. Dixit. "MICROSTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, MICROHARDNESS AND COMPRESSIVE BEHAVIOUR OF DUAL REINFORCED PARTICLES ADC-12 ALLOY COMPOSITE." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 1, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v1.i1.2015.23.
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The aim of this study was to determine the compressive properties of silicon carbide (SiC) and zircon sand (ZrSiO4) particulate reinforced with ADC-12 alloy, ADC-12 alloy composite. In this experimental study, SiC and ZrSiO4 particulates reinforced with ADC-12 alloy composite were manufactured by stir casting methods. Compressive properties of these composite materials were investigated by different weight percentages of dual reinforcement combinations (9+3) %, (6+6) %, (3+9) %wt. silicon carbide (SiC) and zircon sand (ZrSiO4)respectively, The compressive tests were conducted to determine compressive strength and young’s modulus to investigate the effects of reinforce materials on different combinations of weight percentages. The outcome of the investigations reveals that the tensile strength of composites reinforced by Zircon sand (ZrSiO4) and silicon carbide particles with a total reinforcement 12% wt, and in this hybrid reinforcement the variations (9+3) %, (6+6) %, (3+9) % were taken in to account for investigating the properties such as density, compressivestrength and hardness of the composites synthesized by Stir casting technique, also compared between each other’s. The mechanical properties evaluation reveals variations in hardness and the compressive strength values with the composite combinations. From the experimental studies, the optimum volume fraction of hybrid reinforcement in ADC-12 alloy on the basis of microstructure and mechanical properties it is found that the (6+6) wt.% combination.
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Bulut, Mehmet, Mohamad Alsaadi, Ahmet Erkliğ, and Humam Alrawi. "The effects of S-glass fiber hybridization on vibration-damping behavior of intraply woven carbon/aramid hybrid composites for different lay-up configurations." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 9 (November 18, 2018): 3220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406218813188.
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In this study, the vibration and damping characteristics of the hybrid composites reinforced with plain woven S-glass and intraply woven carbon/Kevlar fiber fabrics are investigated. Vibration tests on the samples have been conducted only for measuring the first mode of natural frequency with application of experimental modal analysis procedures. Symmetric and asymmetric layering structures have been prepared for the hybrid composite configurations in order to study the stacking sequence effects. Damping ratios have been evaluated from the logarithmic decrement method by using acceleration–time envelope curves. Results have shown that position and percentage of the fibers in the composites are the most effective parameters for natural frequency and damping characteristics of hybrid samples, and some samples have shown the synergistic effects leading to a significant enhancement in damping and natural frequency.
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Tan, Chye Lih, Azwan Iskandar Azmi, and Noorhafiza Muhammad. "Surface Roughness Analysis of Carbon/Glass Hybrid Polymer Composites in Drilling Process Based on Taguchi and Response Surface Methodology." Advanced Materials Research 1119 (July 2015): 622–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1119.622.
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Drilling is an essential secondary process for near net-shape of hybrid composite as to achieve the required dimensional tolerances prior to final application. Dimensional tolerance is often influenced by the surface integrity or surface roughness of the workpart. Thus, this paper aims to employ the Taguchi and response surface methodologies in minimizing the surface roughness of drilled carbon-glass hybrid fibre reinforced polymer (CGCG) using tungsten carbide, K20 drill bits. The effects of spindle speed, feed rate and tool geometry on surface roughness were evaluated and optimum cutting conditions for minimizing the aforementioned response was determined. Subsequently, response surface methodology (RSM) was utilised in finding the empirical relationships between experimental parameters and surface roughness based on the Taguchi results. The experimental analyses reveal that surface roughness is greatly influenced by feed rate and tool geometry rather than the spindle speed. This is due to the increment of feed that attributed to the increased strain rate and hence, deteriorated the surface roughness of the hybrid composite. The predicted results (via regression model) and theoretical results (via additivity law) were in good agreement with experiment results. This indicates that the regression model from response surface methodology (RSM) can be used to predict the surface roughness in machining of CGCG hybrid composite.
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Karakaya, Şükrü. "INVESTIGATION OF HYBRID AND DIFFERENT CROSS-SECTION COMPOSITE DISC SPRINGS USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 36, no. 4 (December 2012): 399–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2012-0028.
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In this study the effectiveness of composite disc springs with different cross-section and hybrid type are determined by taking into account load capacities, masses, hybridization characteristics and costs of composite disc springs. The disc springs are analyzed with ABAQUS finite elements program by compressing between two rigid plates. The load-deflection characteristics obtained as a result of the analysis are compared with the analytic and experimental studies. Then different cross-section and hybrid composite disc springs were modeled. The trapeze A disc spring were confirmed to be more advantageous in terms of load capacity and mass by investigating the modeled disc springs. The effect of hybridization on hybrid disc springs with standard cross-section was investigated and optimum hybrid disc spring was determined according to cost and maximum loading capacity. Consequently, it is determined that carbon/epoxy plies used for outer layers are more advantageous. But the outer ply subjected to force was damaged thus this layer should be particularly reinforced.
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Bousfia, Mohammed, Mohammed Aboussaleh, and Brahim Ouhbi. "Hybrid Damage Prediction Procedure for Composite Laminates Submitted to Spectra Loading." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED AND THEORETICAL MECHANICS 15 (January 13, 2021): 206–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232011.2020.15.23.
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In this document, a hybrid procedure is constructed in order to predict the damage of a composite unidirectional laminate under random loading. This procedure is based on two pillars: a stiffness degradation model (SD-M) combined with an energy approach taking into account the effect of load ratio in addition to a system of equations generated by SSDQM method (Space State Differential Quadrature Method) which we have solved with a novel technic. The outputs of SSDQM method, previously serving for free vibration behavior analysis of composite structures, are used with those of SD-M model to predict damage failure of a composite laminate subjected to spectra loading. The results obtained correlate very well with experimental ones and an extensive comparison with other models validate the accuracy and convergence characteristics of this hybrid procedure.
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Bousfia, Mohammed, Mohammed Aboussaleh, and Brahim Ouhbi. "Hybrid Damage Prediction Procedure for Composite Laminates Submitted to Spectra Loading." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED AND THEORETICAL MECHANICS 15 (March 1, 2021): 248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232011.2020.15.27.
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In this document, a hybrid procedure is constructed in order to predict the damage of a composite unidirectional laminate under random loading. This procedure is based on two pillars: a stiffness degradation model (SD-M) combined with an energy approach taking into account the effect of load ratio in addition to a system of equations generated by SSDQM method (Space State Differential Quadrature Method) which we have solved with a novel technic. The outputs of SSDQM method, previously serving for free vibration behavior analysis of composite structures, are used with those of SD-M model to predict damage failure of a composite laminate subjected to spectra loading. The results obtained correlate very well with experimental ones and an extensive comparison with other models validate the accuracy and convergence characteristics of this hybrid procedure.
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Lakshmipathi, Jakkamuti, Vasudevan Rajamohan, and S. Sameer Rahatekar. "Primary and Secondary Instability Region Analysis of Rotating Carbon Nanotube–Reinforced Non-Uniform Hybrid Composite Plates." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 19, no. 10 (October 2019): 1950115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455419501153.
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In this work, the primary and secondary instability region analysis of rotating multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) reinforced non-uniform hybrid composite plates (CNT-FRP) under uniaxial periodic loads is performed. First-order shear deformation theory has been used to derive the kinetic and potential energy equations of the various configurations of non-uniform composite plates by including the effect of rotary inertia, shear deformation, varying centrifugal stiffness and non-uniformity along the transverse direction of the plate. The governing differential equations of motion are derived in the form of Mathieu–Hill equations using the Hamilton’s principle. The efficacy of the developed finite-element formulation has been verified by comparing the natural frequencies of the rotating composite plates evaluated using the numerical simulation with the experimental results and available literature. This study also investigates the influence of the CNT vol%, CNT aspect ratio, angular rotation of plate and static load on the primary and secondary instability region of various non-uniform configurations of CNT-FRP hybrid composite plates. It was noticed that the primary and secondary regions of parametric instability of CNT-FRP hybrid composite plates shift upward when CNT vol% increases from 0 to 2%. It was further noticed that primary and secondary instability regions of various non-uniform configurations shift to the lower excitation frequency when MWCNT vol% increases beyond the saturation limit. It was observed that the effect of angular rotation and static load is significant on the primary and secondary regions of instability.
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Oğuz, Z. A., A. Erkliğ, and Ö. Y. Bozkurt. "Effects of Hydrothermal Seawater Aging on the Mechanical Properties and Water Absorption of Glass/Aramid/Epoxy Hybrid Composites." International Polymer Processing 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ipp-2020-3963.
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Abstract With the increase in the diversity of applications, the effect of environmental conditions on the mechanical properties of polymeric composites have become more valuable due to the sensitivity of polymers to aging. In this study, an experimental investigation was carried out to study the seawater aging effect on the flexural and low-velocity impact behavior of glass/aramid/ epoxy hybrid composites. Four types of composite groups that are [G6]S, [A6]S, [G3A3]S, [A3G3]S manufactured by vacuum infusion method were immersed in seawater at 25 °C and 70°C for 1000 h. Mechanical tests were conducted under three different conditions, namely, dry, wet, re-dried. As temperature increases, the water gain ratio also increases for all composite groups. Flexural strength was significantly reduced with seawater absorption for the wet state tested groups at each temperature. The reductions in flexural strength of the re-dried test groups are less than in the wet state test samples. Charpy test results showed that as the composite groups were exposed to hydrothermal aging, the impact strength of the plain glass/ epoxy, GAG/epoxy, and AGA/epoxy hybrid composite decreased. SEM analysis showed that as temperature increases, delamination and fiber/matrix cracks also increases.
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Jenarthanan, M. P., Raahul Kumar S, and Vinoth S. "Multi-objective optimisation on end milling of hybrid fibre-reinforced polymer composites using GRA." Pigment & Resin Technology 46, no. 3 (May 2, 2017): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-09-2015-0085.
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Purpose This study aimed to develop a mathematical model for delamination and surface roughness during end milling by using grey relational analysis (GRA) and to determine how the input parameters (cutting speed, depth of cut, helix angle and feed rate) influence the output response (delamination and surface roughness) in machining of hybrid glass fibre-reinforced plastic (GFRP) (abaca and glass) composite using solid carbide end mill cutter. Design/methodology/approach The Four factors, three levels Taguchi orthogonal array design in GRA is used to conduct the experimental investigation. The Shop Vision inspection system is used to measure the width of maximum damage of the machined hybrid GFRP composite. The Shop Handysurf E-35A surface roughness tester is used to measure the surface roughness of the machined hybrid GFRP composite. “Minitab 14” is used to analyse the data collected graphically. Analysis of variance is conducted to validate the model in determining the most significant parameter. Findings The GRA is used to predict the input factors influencing the delamination and surface roughness on the machined surfaces of the hybrid GFRP composite at different cutting conditions with the chosen range of 95 per cent confidence intervals. Analysis on the influences of the entire individual input machining parameters on the delamination and surface roughness has been conducted using GRA. Originality/value Effect of milling of the hybrid GFRP composite on delamination and surface roughness with various helix angle solid carbide end mill has not been analysed yet using the GRA technique.
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Sezgin, Hande, and Omer B. Berkalp. "Analysis of the effects of fabric reinforcement parameters on the mechanical properties of textile-based hybrid composites by full factorial experimental design method." Journal of Industrial Textiles 48, no. 3 (November 6, 2017): 580–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083717740764.
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In this study, the effect of some fabric reinforcement parameters (fabric direction, yarn type and stacking sequence) on the mechanical properties of textile based hybrid composites are analysed by using full factorial experimental design method. The analysis of the results is achieved by using Minitab 17 software program. One factor (fabric reinforcement direction) with two levels (warp direction and weft direction) and two factors (yarn type and stacking sequence) with three levels (jute/glass, jute/carbon, glass/carbon and consecutive, low strength inside, high strength inside) are selected as the reinforcement design. Full factorial experimental design analysis results indicate that, the highest tensile and impact strength values among the experimental design are realised when samples are taken from the warp direction and E-glass/carbon combination is chosen as the yarn (material) type. Moreover, it is verified that while higher tensile strength is achieved by placing higher strength fabrics to the inner layers, higher impact strength is achieved by placing high strength fabrics to the outer layers of hybrid composite structures. Analysis of variance tables also show that at 95% confidence level, the effects of the factors are statistically significant ( p < 0.05).
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de Queiroz, HFM, MD Banea, and DKK Cavalcanti. "Experimental analysis of adhesively bonded joints in synthetic- and natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 9 (September 23, 2019): 1245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319876979.
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The application of adhesively bonded joints in automotive industry has increased significantly in recent years mainly because of the potential for lighter weight vehicles, fuel savings and reduced emissions. The use of composites in making automotive body components to achieve a reduced vehicle mass has also continuously increased. Natural fibre composites have recently attracted a great deal of attention by the automotive industry due to their many attractive benefits (e.g. high strength-to-weight ratio, sustainable characteristics and low cost). However, the literature on natural fibre-reinforced polymer composite adhesive joints is scarce and needs further investigation. The main objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the mechanical performance of adhesively bonded joints made of synthetic- and natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites. Similar and dissimilar single lap joints bonded with a modern tough structural adhesive used in the automotive industry, as well as the epoxy resin AR260 (the same resin used in composite fabrication) were tested. It was found that the average failure loads varied significantly with adhesive material strength and adherend stiffness. Furthermore, it was also observed that failure mode has a significant effect in failure load. The jute-based natural fibre composites joints, both hybrid and purely natural, were superior in strength compared to the sisal-based natural composites joints.
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Ravikumar, M., H. N. Reddappa, R. Suresh, and M. Sreenivasa Reddy. "Experimental studies of different quenching media on mechanical and wear behavior of Al7075/SiC/Al2O3 hybrid composites." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 15, no. 55 (December 28, 2020): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.55.02.
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The effects of SiC-Al2O3 particle in the Al alloy on the mechanical and wear characteristics of stir-casted Composites have been reported. The Al7075 is reinforced with 2, 4, 6 and 8 wt. % of (SiC + Al2O3) to manufacture the hybrid composite. Ceramic particulates were added into Al alloy to achieve the low wear rate and improving mechanical properties. Hardening of casted specimens at 480ºC for the duration of 2 hrs and the specimens were quenched into two different quenching media (water and ice cubes). Finally, age-hardening were carried out at the temperature of 160ºC for the duration of 4 hrs and cooled at room temperature. The tensile strength, hardness and wear behaviour of MMCs are evaluated on the un-treated and heat treated composite. The tensile strength and hardness of MMCs increases by incorporating SiC-Al2O3 particulates. The wear behaviour of the MMCs containing SiC-Al2O3 particulates revealed the high wear-resistance. The heat-treatment had considerably improved the properties when compared to the un-heat treated composites. The composites with the highest tensile strength, hardness and enhanced wear resistance were found in the composites quenched in ice cubes. Worned surfaces of the composite specimens were studied by using SEM and XRD analysis
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Chowdari, G. Kishore, and D. V. V. Krishna Prasad. "Mechanical Characterization of Areca Fiber and Coconut Shell Powder Reinforced Hybrid Composites." Materials Science Forum 1034 (June 15, 2021): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1034.61.
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The use of natural fibers in polymer matrix composites are increases because of their advantages like good stiffness, strength, environmental friendly, low cost and biodegradable. In the present investigation, hybrid fiber reinforced composites are fabricated using areca fiber and coconut shell powder (CSP) as reinforcement in epoxy resin. Unidirectional areca fiber and CSP reinforced epoxy composites were fabricated by varying the overall fiber loading (10, 20, 30, and 40 wt.%) and different weight ratios of areca fiber and CSP (1:1, 1:3, and 3:1). Effect of fiber loading and weight ratio on mechanical properties like tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), impact energy and surface hardness of hybrid composites were evaluate experimentally. All the hybrid composite samples fabrication and mechanical testing was done as per ASTM standards. The experimental investigation reveals that the tensile, flexural and ILSS properties show their maximum values at 30 wt.% of fiber loading with areca fiber and CSP weight ratio as 1:1. From the impact and hardness results it has been found that composites with areca fiber and CSP weight ratio as 3:1 and 1:1 respectively shows their maximum values at 40 wt.% of fiber loading. Interfacial analysis of the hybrid composites were also observed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM).
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Chu, Liusheng, Qingze Li, Jun Zhao, and Danda Li. "Seismic Behavior of Hybrid Frame Joints between Composite Columns and Steel Beams." Shock and Vibration 2020 (December 8, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8870582.
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This study presents experimental and numerical study on cyclic behavior of SRC composite columns-steel beam joints. The pseudostatic experiments were carried out on four samples with different axial loads. X-shaped shear reinforcement was added in the sample no. 4 in order to investigate its effect on the crack resistance in the joint core area. Low-frequency cyclic load was applied at beam ends to simulate the earthquake action. The failure characteristics, hysteretic behavior, stiffness degradation, shear resistance, and displacement ductility were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the failure mode of the joints was mainly shear failure, and the composite joints showed excellent seismic behavior with higher capacity and good ductility and energy dissipation ability. X-shaped shear reinforcement performed well to increase the concrete crack resistance. Shear forces from both experimental test and theoretical analysis were compared, and suggestions were given on modification of theoretical formulas. Simulation using the ABAQUS model showed good results that agreed well with the test results. Steel stress distribution and damage development were analyzed in the model. More parameters of web thickness, stiffener thickness, concrete strength, and stirrups and their influence on shear resistance were studied.
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S P, Praveen Kumar, and Seok-Soon Lee. "Design and Experimental Analyses of Hybrid Piston Rods Used in Hydraulic Cylinders under Axial Load." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 8552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188552.
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Composite hydraulic cylinders are used to reduce the weight of construction equipment such as aerial work platforms or excavators. The weight is compensated by manufacturing hydraulic cylinders from Carbon Fiber Reinsforced Plastic (CFRP), but this is expensive. Therefore, this study investigated a hybrid hydraulic cylinder, which is a combination of CFRP and steel, considering both performance and cost. The conventional hydraulic cylinder rods are made of steel, which can prevent failure due to buckling under push load (Push) or failure under alternating push–pull load (Push–Pull) or pull only. In this paper, we discuss how the failure threshold for these two mechanisms can be increased by making the piston rod from a hybrid material. In order to develop this lightweight hybrid piston rod for hydraulic cylinders that meets the buckling strength requirements of the original steel rod, CFRP is used as a substitute, which has significant buckling strength against compressive loading and, most importantly, is lighter than steel. The substitution is done either by replacing steel completely with CFRP or by reducing the volume of steel and sheathing it with CFRP. Numerical and experimental studies are carried out to understand the strength and behavior of piston rods when they are replaced by different combinations of composite materials for the given load. For this study, two different piston rod designs with various design parameters were considered, and their respective behavior under loading was discussed. The effect of compressive loads on CFRP wrapped steel parts and buckling strength as a function of fiber orientation, stacking angle and number of CFRP layers was investigated using experiments. The study demonstrated the usefulness of steel-CFRP composites to reduce weight and their influence on buckling load in hydraulic cylinders.
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COMAN, Calin-Dumitru. "The Influence of Temperature on the Strength of Hybrid Metal-Composite Multi-Bolts Joints." INCAS BULLETIN 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2020.12.3.4.
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This paper presents the temperature influence on the strength of the hybrid metal-composite multi-bolted joints. A detailed 3D finite element model, incorporating all possible nonlinearities as large deformations, in plane nonlinear shear deformations, elastic properties degradation of the composite material and friction-based full contact, is developed to anticipate the temperature changing effects on the progressive damage analysis (PDA) at lamina level and failure modes of metal-composite multi-bolted joints. The PDA material model accounts for lamina nonlinear shear deformation, Hashin-type failure criteria and strain-based continuum degradation rules being developed using the UMAT user subroutine in Nastran commercial software. In order to validate the temperature effects on the failure modes of the joint with protruding and countersunk bolts, experiments were conducted using the SHM (Structural Health Monitoring) technique in the temperature controlled chamber. The results showed that the temperature effects on damage initiation and failure modes have to be taken into account in the design process in order to fructify the high specific strength of the composites. Experimental results were quite accurately predicted by the PDA material model, which proved to be computational efficient and can predict failure propagation and damage mechanism in hybrid metal-composite multi-bolted joints.
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Othman, A., A. A. Arifin, S. Abdullah, A. K. Ariffin, and N. A. N. Mohamed. "Analysis of Crushing Laminated Composite Square Tubes under Quasi-Static Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 446-447 (November 2013): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.113.
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This paper present on discusses the effect of crashworthiness parameters on pultrusion and hybrid laminated composite square tubes via experimentally. The wall-thicknesses of 2.1 for pultrusion and 1.6 mm aluminum wrap 1 layered were examined at the material fiber type of E-glass reinforced polyester resin of square cross-section subjected to axial quasi-static loading. Comparison has been made for both of type of composite material. During experimental observation, some of crushing modes on stages were identified as initial peak load stage, progressive crushing stage and compaction zone stage. The effects of crushing parameters and failure modes were analyzed and discussed. Results showed that the tubes energy absorption capability was affected significantly by varying of different type of composite in terms of composite fabrication and variable aspect of cross-section. It is also found that different type of fabrication on different manufacturing process of composite reveal in terms of internal energy during crushed events.
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Kumar, B. Senthil, and Subramanian Balachandar. "A Study on the Influence of Hot Press Forming Process Parameters on Flexural Property of Glass/PP Based Thermoplastic Composites Using Box-Behnken Experimental Design." ISRN Materials Science 2014 (March 4, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/624045.
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A thermoplastic composite is produced from polypropylene matrix with glass fibre reinforcement. These types of composite materials are ecofriendly nature due to their reusability after their lifetime. These polymer composites are alternative to heavy metals that are currently being used in many non-structural applications. In spite of being ecofriendly nature, the range of applications is limited due to poor mechanical properties as compared with thermoset matrix composite. Hence an attempt was made in this work to improve the mechanical property such as flexural property of Glass/PP hybrid woven composites by optimizing the parameters during compression moulding, such as mould pressure, mould temperature, and holding time using Box-Behnken experimental design. Each process variables were taken in 3 different levels. Second order polynomial model with quadratic effect was chosen. The optimum combination of process parameters was obtained by using contour diagram. The levels of importance of process parameters on flexural properties were determined by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The variation of flexural property with cited process parameters was mathematically modelled using the regression analysis.
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Maraş, Sinan, Mustafa Yaman, Mehmet Fatih Şansveren, and Sina Karimpour Reyhan. "Free Vibration Analysis of Fiber Metal Laminated Straight Beam." Open Chemistry 16, no. 1 (October 22, 2018): 944–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2018-0101.
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AbstractIn recent years, studies on the development of new and advanced composite materials have been increasing. Among these new technological products, Fiber Metal Laminates (FML), and hybrid structures made of aluminium, carbon, glass or aramid fiber, are preferred especially in the aircraft industry due to their high performance. Therefore, free vibration analysis is necessary for the design process of such structures. In this study, the vibration characteristics of FML for clamped-free boundary conditions were investigated experimentally and numerically. Firstly, numerical results were obtained using Finite Element Method (FEM) and then these results were compared with the experimental results. It was seen that the numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental results. As the theoretical model was justified, the effects of various parameters such as number of layers, fiber orientations, and aluminium layer thickness on the in-plane vibration characteristics of the FML straight beam were analysed using FEM. Thus, most important parameters affecting the vibration characteristics of the hybrid structures were determined.