To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Experimental Archaeology.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Experimental Archaeology'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Experimental Archaeology.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Lindmark, Gudrun. "Ska vi bygga forntid? : arkeologers åsikter om experimentell arkeologi och möjlighet till förmedling." Thesis, Gotland University, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-580.
Full textAbstract:
This essay discusses different opinions about experimental archaeology. To start with literature was examined and a questionnaire was sent out to students and working archaeologists. The possibility for experiments to mediate archaeology to people without an education in archaeology is lifted and is also mentioned in the questionnaire. In the discussion part of the essay the results from the questionnaire and the literature are used to see what opinions are the strongest. The mediating is also discussed and the result is compiled in the conclusion. There are different opinions about experimental archaeology, but no prominent difference between what students and archaeologists answered. It is possible to see different opinions in the literature, but concerning the mediating most of the writers agree that the experimental archaeology is a good method to communicate with the laymen.
2
Schenck, Tine. "Accessing intangible technologies through experimental archaeology : a methodological analysis." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/22018.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis concerns the relationship between research in experimental archaeology and the intangible of the past. Only a quarter of technological experiments in a sample of 100 studies addresses the intangible of technological practice, and this project sets out to explore if there are conceptual or practical obstacles for this low rate. The thesis begins with an in-depth examination of experimental archaeology and the criteria, paradigms and theories that determine its practice. Through this study, elements of the dichotomy positivism/postmodernism are uncovered and discussed. To resolve this dualism, a third paradigm – philosophical pragmatism – is introduced as an alternative. This conceptual debate represents Part I, and is subsequently collated into a methodological framework for the creation of a typified experiment. Part II consists of the experimental segment of this study, in search for practical obstacles for the exploration of the intangible. Through experimenting with Iron Age Bucket-shaped pots, Mesolithic faceted pebbles and Middle Palaeolithic birch bark tar production, different components of an experiment are highlighted for investigation. An element that comes forward as problematic is the relationship between experimental archaeologists and science ideals that is underscored by experimental tradition. Conclusively, the final discussion leaves the conceptual and practical barriers that may prevent archaeologists from studying the intangible aspects of technology overturned. In sum, this may enable experimental archaeologists to take a fuller view of their own practice and that of the people of the past.
3
Boomgarden, Shannon Arnold. "Experimental maize farming in Range Creek Canyon, Utah." Thesis, The University of Utah, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10001033.
Full textAbstract:
Water is arguably the most important resource for successful crop production in the Southwest. In this dissertation, I examine the economic tradeoffs involved in dry farming maize vs. maize farming using simple surface irrigation for the Fremont farmers who occupied Range Creek Canyon, east-central Utah from AD 900 to 1200. To understand the costs and benefits of irrigation in the past, maize farming experiments are conducted. The experiments focus on the differences in edible grain yield as the amount of irrigation water is varied between farm plots. The temperature and precipitation were tracked along with the growth stages of the experimental crop. The weight of experimental harvest increased in each plot as the number of irrigations increased. The benefits of irrigation are clear, higher yields. The modern environmental constraints on farming in the canyon (precipitation, temperature, soils, and amount of arable land) were reconstructed to empirically scale variability in current maize farming productivity along the valley floor based on the results of the experimental crop. The results of farming productivity under modern environmental constraints are compared to the past using a tree-ring sequence to reconstruct water availability during the Fremont occupation of Range Creek Canyon. The reconstruction of past precipitation using tree ring data show that dry farming would have been extremely difficult during the period AD 900-1200 in Range Creek Canyon. Archaeological evidence indicates that the Fremont people were farming during this period suggesting irrigation was used to supplement precipitation shortfalls. Large amounts of contiguous arable land, highly suitable for irrigation farming, are identified along the valley bottom. The distribution of residential sites and associated surface rock alignment features are analyzed to determine whether the Fremont located themselves in close proximity to these areas identified as highly suitable for irrigation farming. Seventy-five percent of the residential sites in Range Creek Canyon are located near the five loci identified as highly suitable for irrigation farming.
4
Bohush, Tatiana Joanna. "The Reduction of Experimental Paleoindian Trianguloid End Scrapers." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1374874516.
Full text
5
Walker, David James Clement. "Understanding Pottery Kilns: Interpretmg structure and process through experimental archaeology." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491127.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is concerned with the understanding and interpretation of archaeological pottery kilns through experimental archaeology. It argues that the experimental reconstruction and firing of pottery kilns is not merely useful but essential if the production of ceramics in pre-industrial contexts is to be fully understood. The first. part of this work covers some fundamentals of pottery kilns. The constituent parts of pottery kilns are illustrated and a standard nomenclature for describing the pottery kiln is proposed. Following this the theory of ceramic firing is described, covering both well-understood principles like the ceramic change and more esoteric factors such as low-temperature reduction. The differences between open and kiln firing are also considered. The second part looks closely at the experimental approach. The history of experimental firing in Britain is appraised, as are the author's own experimental firing projects. The potential of experimental archaeology for one case study is also explored. The concluding chapter of this thesis provides an analysis of experimental firing as a technique. It discusses social aspects, judging success and failure, the achievements of past work and the necessity for future work in some areas. Finally the potential and limitations of experimental archaeology as a technique for understanding past societies is scrutinised. The attached CD Appendix contains a reVIew of published classifications of pottery kilns and a proposed overarching classification. It also contains case studies ofpottery kilns excavated in Britain with appraisals of their interpretation. Understanding Pottery Kilns: interpreting structure and process through eXjJerimental archaeology. Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University ofNottingham, june 2007. DavidjC Walker
6
Susino, George James. "Microdebitage and the Archaeology of Rock Art: an experimental approach." University of Sydney. School of Geosciences, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/606.
Full textAbstract:
The search for a reliable and non-invasive technique for the dating of rock art has produced an array of different, localised, and limited techniques. This is one of them. Still in its experimental stage, the recognition of quartz microdebitage produced by the pecking of engravings is the aim of this project. This investigation aims to establish whether microdebitage from rock engravings can be distinguished from other sediments. Analysis of microdebitage from rock engraving experiments was used to determine the difference between experimental and naturally derived particles. This research discusses methodology, and applications for the recognition of quartz grain features, derived from experimental and natural material from Mutawintji National Park (Broken Hill, NSW, Australia) and the Sydney region (NSW Australia). A three-step process was devised for this research: What features occur on non-cultural quartz grains? What features occur on rock engraving quartz grains? Are they different? Can rock engraving quartz microdebitage be identified under natural conditions? Microdebitage from rock engravings was examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy to identify diagnostic attributes, with the objective of assessing the potential of microdebitage for spatial and temporal archaeological investigation. Characteristics of the quartz grains in the microdebitage were compared with quartz from differing environments. The observation of diagnostic features on quartz grains made it possible to discriminate between microdebitage from rock engravings and the natural soil background. This knowledge may be applied to excavated material from archaeological sites, for identifying episodes of rock engraving and other lithic activity in temporal relation to other evidence of cultural activity.
7
Schofield, Aimee Ellen Margaret. "Experimental archaeology and siege warfare : analysing ancient sources through experimentation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/experimental-archaeology-and-siege-warfare-analysing-ancient-sources-through-experimentation(f0ea0229-7b24-4b67-92ac-46bdc30d8993).html.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis seeks to show that by using the principles of experimental archaeology it is possible to reconsider the extent to which the ancient writers understood the use of artillery in the field and under siege conditions. A combination of philological and experimental approaches has been taken to determine not only how catapults could be used by Hellenistic armies, but also why certain actions were taken when artillery was brought into the field. The experimental approach is discussed throughout the thesis, with attention drawn to its merits and disadvantages, and how these can be used to improve the methodologies through which we can further develop our understanding of Hellenistic military history and technology. There are three main sections to the thesis. The first takes a philological approach to considering the ancient artillery treatises by Philon, Heron, and Biton, with reference to Vitruvius' work on catapults. Each treatise is assessed with regard to its level of technicality and the extent to which it can be used for the purpose of constructing catapults. The treatises are then used in the second part of the thesis to construct functional replicas of the Hellenistic stone-thrower and the Hellenistic bolt-shooter. In the third part of the thesis, the catapults are tested against the ancient writers' descriptions of their use in the field. The findings of this thesis show that the ancient writers were broadly accurate in their descriptions of catapult use, but that they appear to be largely unaware of the reasoning behind their deployment. The thesis also highlights problematic parts of the technical treatises which previous scholars have ignored, in particular gaps in the descriptions of some components necessary for the catapults to function. Moreover, solutions are offered to complete the gaps left by the technical writers, especially where none are offered by the commentaries on these works. This thesis also demonstrates that catapults had a specific function in Hellenistic warfare which focused largely on sieges and static engagements. Most importantly, however, this thesis shows that not only can practical experimental methods successfully be applied to otherwise text-based research, but that it produces significant results which can aid in our understanding of military history, ancient technology, and the reliability of the ancient writers.
8
Susino, George J. "Microdebitage and the archaeology of rock art an experimental approach /." Connect to full text, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/606.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Sydney, 2000.Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 21, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science to the Division of Geography, School of Geosciences. Degree awarded 2000; thesis submitted 1999. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
9
O'Brien, Patrick Kevin 1963. "An experimental study of ground stone use-wear." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291977.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a study of some factors that influence ground stone use-wear. Experiments in ground stone technology provide valuable information that may strengthen behavioral inference. To understand ground stone use-wear, basic principles are borrowed from tribology, the science and technology of friction, lubrication, and wear. Four wear mechanisms relevant to ground stone wear are identified: adhesive, abrasive, surface fatigue, and tribochemical. Previous experiments tested the hypothesis that use-wear on experimental grinding implements varies with the material being ground. This study further tests the same hypothesis. Six identical mano/metate sets were manufactured and used by the author to grind five different substances: dried chokecherries, wheat, crickets, dried meat, and salt. The sixth tool set was used without an intermediate substance. Results tentatively validate the hypothesis. Several factors influencing ground stone use-wear are discussed and suggestions for future experimental research in ground stone technology are offered.
10
Mullen, Damon Anthony. "COMPARISON OF MAXIMUM FORCES REQUIRED TO PENETRATE TEN AND TWENTY PERCENT BALLISTICS GELATIN, MEAT, AND CLAY TO ASSESS VARIATION BETWEEN TARGET MEDIAIN ARROW PENETRATION STUDIES." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1619013100008557.
Full text
11
Lowe, Corey. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN THE BALLISTIC PROPERTIES OF MACHINE MADE AND HAND KNAPPEDPROJECTILE POINTS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1542892198237583.
Full text
12
Fernandez, Esteban Jose. "Gold and tribute in aztec tlapa| An ethnohistoric and experimental analysis." Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1546536.
Full textAbstract:
Though highly advanced and of remarkable sociopolitical importance, Mesoamerican metallurgy has been an understudied field. Recently the study of Archaeometallurgy has begun to establish itself within the region, and archaeologists are increasingly using metal artifacts to address a wide variety of inquiries. While this new emphasis on Mesoamerican metallurgy is seen as a welcomed shift, rarely any studies have focused on the production of gold artifacts. The study of goldwork in this region is laden obstacles, which include the lack of well-defined mining sites, as well as the limited amount of artifacts from provenienced contexts. In the face of these obstacles, I propose a multidisciplinary approach that combines ethnohistoric, and experimental evidence in order compensate for the lack of archaeological evidence of gold production. This thesis attempted to recreate and evaluate the efficiency of four metal casting techniques that could have been available to pre-Columbian goldsmiths for the manufacture of gold sheets that were used by the province of Tlapa as part of their tributary payments to the Aztec Empire. Along with assessing the efficiency of these metal-casting techniques, this thesis also analyzed the debris discarded from each of these techniques in order to identify potential archaeological markers of gold production in Mesoamerica.
13
Gregory, Niall Thomas Noel. "A comparative study of Irish and Scottish logboats." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7517.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines Irish logboats and compares them in detail to Scottish logboats. It catalogues extant and recorded Irish Logboats, and includes drawings and photographic records. All aspects of both countries' boats, such as their dimensions, form, and evidence for propulsion are examined and interpreted. Those logboats that have dating evidence are also examined and compared to literary and other sources. The distributions of the boats are compared to their geographical and archaeological contexts and emerging patterns explored in detail. The results of this study are investigated on a national and regional basis. The native tree species of Ireland and Scotland are considered with particular reference to those used to make the logboats as well as their availability during the demise of logboat use. In keeping with this, evidence for construction techniques is studied, as are their applications in logboat reconstructions. The logboat reconstructions are used with aspects of naval architecture to determine and compare the operational capabilities of logboats under differing load and propulsive conditions. Where applicable, the data which is discerned from the logboats' contexts, forms, dimensions and functional features are combined with aspects of the wood science and naval architecture to determine their original operational uses. Finally, this data is incorporated into an ongoing computer programme which enables the performance capabilities of other logboats, as yet undiscovered, to be determined.
14
Wilson, Michael Scott. "Thermoplastic versus organic-based adhesives and haft bond failure rate in experimental ballistics." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1619026581478193.
Full text
15
Rutkoski, Ashley Marie. "An Experimental Approach to Sherd Variation." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1555764606649139.
Full text
16
Flores, Jodi Reeves. "Experimental archaeology : an ethnography of its perceived value and impact in archaeological research." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/9041.
Full textAbstract:
Archaeologists rely on a variety of methods to study and interpret the past, one of which is experimental archaeology; this involves the replication of artefacts or past processes in order to test falsifiable hypotheses or to gather data systematically. This thesis presents examples of perceptions concerning experimental archaeology and its history, its validity, and how it is (or should be) by gathering data through interviews, surveys, participant observation of experiments and conferences, and by gathering ideas expressed in published works, particularly those that are 'about' experimental archaeology and that deal with its role in academic archaeology. A trend emerges in which experimental archaeology is viewed by those that practice it as being sidelined in academic research. These beliefs and statements are then compared to data gathered on publication rates; a chronology of experimental archaeology is given, and differing beliefs are compared and contrasted. The goal is to identify how experimental archaeology is being perceived, how this is affected by how it is presented, and how changes in its presentation can help increase its acceptance amongst archaeologists. A highly critical approach has been taken in the hope of combining empirical observation with qualitative data; the aim being to provide a holistic study of experimental archaeology that draws primarily from how it is practised in UK and the US, but is supplemented by information from continental Europe. The main areas that affect how it is perceived are its relations to experiential archaeology and non- academic institutions and individuals. A final look at the role of the method in academic archaeology shows that it is integrated into research on a broad scale, but rarely discussed in depth by researchers that do not practise the method. Experimental archaeology is a method that can have unique implications in research, particularly because of its relation to experiential archaeology. This and the other issues that affect how it is perceived are addressed.
17
Khreisheh, Nada Nazem. "The acquisition of skill in early flaked stone technologies : an experimental study." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14986.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes the experimental work carried out as part of the Learning to be Human Project, investigating skill and learning in early flaked stone technologies. A group of 16 volunteers were studied as they learnt skills in Oldowan style flaking, Acheulean handaxe technology and Levallois preferential flake technologies. Aptitude, practice hours and hours spent in taught sessions were recorded and skill in each of these technologies was assessed at regular intervals. This information was used to answer questions concerning the acquisition of high level skill in these technologies, the role of practice, teaching and aptitude in determining skill in terms of connaissance and savoir-faire and the archaeological visibility of skill. At a more in depth level the significance of these findings for cognitive capacities of early hominins and the evolution of modern human brains and intelligence was assessed. The results of these experiments allowed the identification of the greater impact of teaching on Acheulean handaxe and Levallois technology compared to Oldowan style flaking. Technologically focussed teaching was shown to be essential for achieving high level skill in handaxe technology while all knapping contributed to the skill achieved in Oldowan style flaking and Levallois technology. In terms of aptitude, previous craft experience and contact with flaked stone assemblages most affected skill achieved in handaxe and Oldowan technologies while spatial ability best determined skill in Levallois. The findings of the connaissance and savoir-faire analysis have indicated that the differences seen between Oldowan and Acheulean technology are predominantly physical in nature, while the differences between Levallois and the earlier technologies are cognitive. This suggests a greater cognitive capacity for the Neanderthal Levallois manufacturers in contrast with the earlier hominin species. The results have, however, highlighted problems with a strict dichotomy between physical and cognitive skills. A number of material markers that could be related to skill were identified. Future work has been identified that could provide a fuller understanding of these findings.
18
Werner, Angelia N. "Experimental assessment of proximal-lateral edge grinding on haft damage using replicated Clovis points." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1492848811526633.
Full text
19
Dennis, Samantha Jo. "Use of experimental archaeology to examine and interpret Pre-Pottery Neolithic architecture : a case study of Beidha in southern Jordan." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5803.
Full textAbstract:
Many significant cultural transitions, including the beginnings of sedentism, domestication, and farming, are thought to have taken place during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) in southern Jordan. The settlement sites of this period (often referred to as the first villages) are rich in architectural remains, and this evidence is frequently used to support hypotheses on the degree of sedentism and how societies were structured. This research reexamines these issues through the construction, maintenance, destruction and decay of four experimental reconstructions built between 2001 and 2006 at the PPNB site of Beidha. The results of the experiments provide a more intimate understanding of PPNB architecture, including prehistoric construction methods and techniques, maintenance costs, spatial organisation, and post-abandonment events. The results also contributed to the conservation and presentation of early prehistoric sites to the public.
20
Fournier, GarciÌ a. Patricia. "Surface treatment and strength of low-fired ceramic bodies: An experimental study." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277112.
Full textAbstract:
This experimental investigation examines the influence of surface treatment on the strength of low-fired tempered ceramic bodies. Specimens prepared with commercial raw materials are employed, either finger-smoothed, burnished, textured, slipped/burnished, or resin coated; two building techniques, coiling and paddle-and-anvil, are also included since these forming processes affect the vessel surface. The modulus of rupture or flexural strength is determined by means of a four-point bending test, which is sensitive to critical surface flaws. By means of a univariate analysis of variance, small differences in strength are found between ceramic briquettes with different surface treatments. Although the differences in means for the moduli of rupture values are statistically significant, the differences are of such a low magnitude that they cannot be considered behaviorally relevant. These results are only valid for the materials, mode of preparation, and test procedures employed.
21
Nelson, Peter. "Jakten på benen : Experimentell undersökning av geokemiska förändringar i gravar med brända ben med pXRF." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-158463.
Full textAbstract:
This study deals with the phenomenon of graves without any bone material combined with an application test of a portable X-Ray fluorescence detector (pXRF) instrument on simulated burial soils to see if we could get any closer understanding of this phenomenon. To test the instruments applicability on these types of conditions, an experiment was conducted with three different soil types. These were placed in separated, specifically pre prepared plastic tubes in groups of three per soil type and then prepared with circa 9 grams of cremated animal bones that was grinded down to a powder. The tubes were then subjected to eater flow equivalent to circa 50 years of rainfall. The tubes were thereafter disassembled and soil samples where gathered and analyzed with a pXRF. The results showed little movement of the bone powder and clear spikes of Ca and P could be seen at the place of disposal of the bone powder and some spreading sideways and down in the tube. The study also search for Mg as an indicator for bone material alongside Ca and P but no clear results could be reached due to excessive variation. The method of using pXRF in the search for bone material in soils has, as seen in the results of this study, great potential even though more research is needed to reach a better understanding of the methods limitations.
22
Paardekooper, Roeland Pieterszoon. "The value of an archaeological open-air museum is in its use." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3618.
Full textAbstract:
There are about 300 archaeological open-air museums in Europe. Their history goes from Romanticism up to modern-day tourism. With the majority dating to the past 30 years, they do more than simply present (re)constructed outdoor sceneries based on archaeology. They have an important role as education facilities and many showcase archaeology in a variety of ways. Compared to other museum categories, archaeological open-air museums boast a wide variety of manifestations. This research assesses the value of archaeological open-air museums, their management and their visitors, and is the first to do so in such breadth and detail. After a literature study and general data collection among 199 of such museums in Europe, eight archaeological open-air museums from different countries were selected as case studies. They included museums in a very varied state with different balances between public versus private funding levels on the one hand, and on the other the proportion of private individuals to educational groups among their visitors. The issue of ‘quality’ was investigated from different perspectives. The quality as assessed by the museum management was recorded in a management survey; the quality as experienced by their visitors was also recorded using a survey. In addition on-site observations were recorded. Management and visitors have different perspectives leading to different priorities and appreciation levels. The studies conclude with recommendations, ideas and strategies which are applicable not just to the eight archaeological open-air museums under study, but to any such museum in general. The recommendations are divided into the six categories of management, staff, collections, marketing, interpretation and the visitors. They are designed to be informative statements of use to managers across the sector.
23
Anderson, Catherine. "Weapons, warriors and warfare of Northern Britain, c.1250 BC-850 AD." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6286.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis focuses upon the material culture associated with warfare, conflict and inter-personal violence in northern Britain during the Late Bronze Age, Iron Age and Early Historic Period. Its aims are to understand the evolving role of warfare in society, who were the individuals engaging in conflict, what weapons were being used, and how were they being used. Although previous studies have touched on some of these topics, the material of northern Britain is frequently overlooked in favour of southern British data, and none consider the development of the topic over several time periods. Contextual data was collected on all the extant swords, spears and shields within the parameters, while a significant proportion were fully examined to enable more complex analysis. Evident opportunities and weaknesses within the resulting database were addressed and exploited, applying experimental archaeology to the bronze spearheads to investigate use patterns, and typological theory to the iron spearheads to enable meaningful inclusion. A range of additional sources of information, including iconographic, textual and osteological, were synthesised to facilitate a discussion of the life-cycles of the extant weapons themselves, and to address occasions when a gap appears in the archaeological record – as occurs during the Early Historic Period, where weaponry is almost absent, but other forms of evidence regularly reference conflict. Two particular conclusions of this thesis challenge traditional perceptions of both weapons and warriors; spears are found to be complex, both in use and social symbolism, rather than simplistic and low-status, and their integration into general discussions of weapons and warfare is a matter of urgency if the topic is to progress. The typological groupings of iron spearheads presented here is intended as a first step towards greater inclusion. The identity of combatants is also shown to be occasionally at odds with the traditional perception of the warrior, wherein reality and idealised social constructions diverge. This is not necessarily problematic, with the projection of warrior identities shown to be a deliberate vi choice, rather than a reflection of reality, the constraints and motivations behind such choices a fascinating topic for further work. Finally, the development of armed social conflict in northern Britain over two millenia, and the changing relationships and dominance between religion, display, consumption, social hierarchy and warfare, are presented through the manufacture, use, deposition and associations of the weapons in the database.
24
Willis, Lauren. "The Taphonomy of Archaeological Fish Remains: Experimental Approaches to Understanding the Effects of Natural and Cultural Processes on the Presence and Identification of Cut Marks." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18405.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the fact that fish are a common component of coastal and other aquatic archaeological sites, fish bone taphonomy--including bone surface modifications and the effects of burial--remains woefully understudied. Various ethnographic accounts describe fish butchering techniques for immediate consumption and drying, yet cut marks are rarely reported on archaeological fish remains. To address a significant gap in our understanding of fish taphonomy, I devised an experimental research program aimed at assessing whether butchering fish produces cut marks on fish bones and, if so, what factors might account for the discrepancy between the experimental results and the archaeological record.
Chapter I provides an introduction to experimental archaeology, including the criticisms and benefits of this approach. Chapter II presents the results of my initial butchery experiment, which establishes that butchering fish can produce abundant cut marks. Chapter III evaluates the effect of the butcher's skill level on the number and distribution of cut marks produced on fish bone during butchery. The results indicate that professional butchers produce nearly 50 percent fewer cut marks than novice- and intermediate-level butchers. Chapter IV addresses the effect of post-depositional taphonomic processes on the long-term visibility of cut marks. Despite a relatively short burial period (27 months), visible cut marks decreased by up to 75 percent, depending on the species. Chapter V is a re-analysis of the fish bone from column E6 at Daisy Cave (CA-SMI-261). Appling the referential framework I acquired through the experiments, I identified 62 cut marks on bones dating from the Early to Late Holocene.
A comprehensive understanding of aquatic resource use has implications for a broad range of archaeological topics, including our understanding of hominid diet and resource use; identifying butchery and processing practices among fishing peoples; distinguishing between human and natural agency in the accumulation of fish remains; and assessing questions of behavioral modernity and social complexity. As we continue to recognize the primacy of coastal adaptations throughout human history, it is increasingly critical to expand the breadth of our knowledge regarding the taphonomy of fish remains at archaeological sites.
This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material.
25
Clarendon, Shannon Renee. "FIRE-AFFECTED ROCK IN INLAND SOUTHERN CALIFORNIAN ARCHAEOLOGY: AN INVESTIGATION INTO DIAGNOSTIC UTILITY." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/601.
Full textAbstract:
The post-firing variability of fire-affected rock (FAR) recovered from a stone-cooking platform within a prehistoric stone grill was examined. This examination tested the physical properties of FAR recovered from site CA-SBR-3773, located the Crowder Canyon Archaeological District in San Bernardino County, California. There is a lack of archaeological research in this area of Southern California; however, this project established a fundamental perspective of thermal feature reuse and episodes of firing activity for prehistoric cooking features by examining the physical changes FAR experienced due to various heat exposures. Regional archaeologists often encounter these features as they speckle the landscape of upland desert regions in California.
This research is an experimental project that compares the cultural stones’ properties to those of non-cultural origin, which have been fired various times during controlled replicative experimentation. The end comparison identifies the FARs’ change in physical conditions. Repeated exposure to high temperatures has a direct relationship to the stability and matrices of rock, in this particular case, schist (Yavuz et al. 2010). As the stone is repeatedly exposed to high temperatures, its durability and structural components begin to deteriorate. This deterioration can be measured and compared to pre-fired physical properties. One of these physical properties is the stones’ porosity, which is calculated using the measured absorption rate of stone before and after exposure to firing episodes. These firing episodes are meant to approximate the cultural use of these stones during prehistoric cooking episodes. The results of the experiment show that FAR may have some diagnostic capabilities to infer multiple firing episodes, confirm facility reuse, and support suggested mobility with respect to available resources and temporal episodes through accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating and other analyses such as micro-botanical analysis.
26
Souza, Gustavo Neves de. "Estudo das lâminas de pedra polidas do Brasil: diversidades regionais e culturais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-04092013-164621/.
Full textAbstract:
No presente trabalho realizamos uma análise das lâminas líticas polidas produzidas pelos habitantes pré-históricos no território brasileiro, provenientes de diferentes regiões, grupos e modos de vida. A partir do estudo de coleções arqueológicas e de experimentações pretendemos compreender melhor as diferenças e semelhanças apresentadas por estas lâminas polidas em cada região e sua resistência a testes de impacto em laboratório. Foram analisados 926 artefatos, entre lâminas, fragmentos e alguns percutores. São peças que integram coleções de museus centrais em diferentes regiões do Brasil (Norte, Nordeste, Sudeste e Sul). São principalmente coleções antigas, que apresentam objetos provenientes de diversas partes de cada um dos estados, possibilitando uma cobertura territorial ampla. A despeito dos parcos dados de procedência das peças foi possível caracterizálas regionalmente de forma bastante clara, demonstrando que morfológica e tecnologicamente há variações significativas de uma região para a outra. Em alguns casos foi possível ir ainda mais longe, permitindo propor atribuições culturais a determinados tipos, relacionando-os a algumas Tradições Arqueológicas. No entanto, se tornou evidente também que a partilha dos modos de fazer regionais tem importância capital, que quase sempre vai além das escolhas culturais de um grupo específico. Os trabalhos experimentais (de compressão e impacto) evidenciaram a força necessária para a fragmentação de uma lâmina de basalto de tamanho intermediário, durante seu uso no corte, bem como permitiu estimar a força utilizada por um lenhador mediano, possibilitando compreender melhor algumas relações entre força de impacto, quebras e formas de encabamentos. Finalmente, conseguimos lançar luz sobre a importância das lâminas, tanto para as sociedades do passado, quanto para os arqueólogos do presente, mostrando-as como ferramentas importantes para a compreensão dos modos de vida e dos processos de ocupação do território.In the present work, we performed an analysis of lithic polished blades produced by the prehistoric inhabitants of the Brazilian territory, from different regions, groups and ways of life. From the study of archaeological assemblages and of experimental archaeology we aim to better understand the differences and similarities presented by these polished blades in each region and their resistance to impact tests. We analyzed 926 artifacts, including blades, fragments and some hammerstones. These items integrate collections of central museums in different regions of Brazil (North, Northeast, Southeast and South). The collections were formed mostly from the middle of the XX century on and present objects from different parts of each of the states, making possible a wide territorial coverage. Despite the scarce data provenance for the pieces it was possible to characterize them regionally quite clearly, showing that morphologically and technologically there are significant variations from one region to another. In some cases it was possible to go even further, allowing the proposition of some cultural attributions to certain types of artifacts, relating them to some Archaeological Traditions. However, it also became clear that sharing the ways of doing things has a major role importance, which often goes beyond the cultural choices of a specific group. The experimental work (of compression and impact) revealed the force required to break a basalt blade of average size during its use in chopping, and allowing us to estimate the force used by an average lumberjack, then enabling a better understanding of some relationships between impact force, breakages and forms of hafting. Finally, we shed light on the importance of the blades, both for past societies, as to the present day archaeologists, showing them as important tools for understanding the ways of life and the processes involved in the human occupation of the territory.
27
Groom, Peter. "An experimental study of mesolithic coastal fishing practices and shellfish procurement in western Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17623.
Full textAbstract:
Coastal shell middens, a prominent feature of the Mesolithic (11,500–6000 cal BP) archaeological record of western Scotland, suggest a maritime economy based on fishing and shellfish. Despite evidence for the importance of fish and shellfish to diet, virtually nothing is known as to the methods of procurement. Initially, work focussed on the palaeoenvironments of Scottish West Coast Mesolithic coastal sites, to establish the resources available to Mesolithic coastal dwellers. A range of archaeological/ethnohistorical fishing gear and food procurement strategies is described, together with views of field archaeologists, bushcraft practitioners and experimental archaeologists. These perspectives together with palaeoenvironmental data were considered when producing fishing gear utilising resources and technologies available during the Mesolithic. Fieldwork and experiments were conducted at the Scottish West Coast Mesolithic coastal sites of Ulva Cave, the Oban area, the island of Oronsay, and Sand, together with South Uist and the Urr estuary on the Solway Firth. The fishing gear manufactured reflects current debates as to fishing strategies, as such, several archaeological ‘models’ were tested. The gear also enabled an attempt at targeting the main fish and crab species found in the middens; Pollachius virens, Labridae, Pollachius pollachius, Carcinus maenas, Liocarcinus depurator and Cancer pagurus. In addition to fishing experiments, ecological surveys and forage exercises established the species present and available to a contemporary coastal forager, providing an indication as to the vigour and abundance of shoreline species. This data was compared to data from the middens, providing an insight into potential collection strategies. Exploratory procurement and manufacture experiments were conducted that tested a variety of materials, including their suitability for use, while bait tests assessed bait desirability. The results suggest that for Mesolithic groups to successfully exploit the coastal environments adjacent to the West coast midden sites, knowledge of tides and species together with simple manufacturing skills would have been sufficient.
28
Mitchell, John C. "A use-wear analysis of selected British Lower Palaeolithic handaxes with special reference to the site of Boxgrove (West Sussex) : a study incorporating optical microscopy, computer aided image analysis and experimental archaeology." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285553.
Full text
29
Bebber, Michelle Rae. "The Role of Tool Function in the Decline of North America's Old Copper Culture (6000-3000 BP): An evolutionary and experimental approach." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1562332469526957.
Full text
30
Martinez, Kelley Prince. "Examining Human Behavior and Tool Use through Experimental Replications and a Technological Analysis of Ground Stone in the Lower Columbia." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5074.
Full textAbstract:
While ground stone tools represent diverse activities, the technology is analyzed at a coarse level in the Pacific Northwest. Conducting more detailed analyses of ground stone assemblages can inform on regional Indigenous raw material knowledge, resource use, and tool manufacturing and maintenance practices.
In this thesis I addressed questions regarding ground stone technology, including manufacturing time investments, tool recycling, and how ground stone tools were used through the application of experimental tool replication, use studies, and in depth analyses. I replicated tools that are common in the region, including a banded and notched net weight, a maul, two bowls, and a pestle. The replicated tools were all produced with raw materials collected from nearby sources and all ground stone tools were manufactured with cobble choppers. I conducted use wear studies in two phases to examine the impacts of processing both hard and soft materials using the replicated bowl and pestle. The tools underwent an in-depth analysis before and after manufacture and the use wear study to assess manufacturing and use wear attributes.
The experimental replications and use study resulted in associating specific attributes with known activities and actions. These insights were then applied to the analysis of ground stone artifacts from the 35CO2 Rylander assemblage, a private artifact collection from a contact-period archaeological site located in the Lower Columbia. I was able to identify manufacturing and use wear attributes to further explore how the ground stone tools were manufactured, used, and maintained. Additionally, I demonstrated a strong relationship between raw material selection, time investment, and tool recycling in the region through the experimental studies and comparative analysis with the Rylander assemblage.
Furthermore, this study highlights the need for more robust ground stone analysis standards. Analyses that include in-depth examination at the attribute level will help expand our understanding of ground stone tool technology. Employing standardized vocabulary, terminology, and referencing attributes in photomicrographs builds more comparable datasets, giving researchers valuable insights into skill level, specialization, and time investment associated with ground stone technology.
31
Gill, Frances. "Flute Lines: Experiencing Reconstructions Concerning Music." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper, KV, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27479.
Full textAbstract:
This study elevates the importance of experience, the senses and tacit knowledge in relation to archaeology with a focus on music. With this I take up a thread drawing on theoretical aspects of Polanyi’s ‘Tacit Dimension’ and ‘Ingold’s Lines’. I review paradigms in experimental archaeology and music archaeology, and the subject of reconstruction in both. My case study is of four individuals, whose reconstruction models are connected to artefacts perceived as flutes in the archaeological record and/or notions of prehistoric flutes. Combining the way in which we learn by understanding others’ experiences through gesture and experience as data, my work examines these ideas in relation to wanting to find out about these flute-making people, and how their work is related to the canon of archaeology to which one might expect that it belongs, and if we can call this a tradition. What I found was that the praxis is complex and far reaching and stretches into various ontologies through philosophy, religion, emotionalism, intellectualism, symbolism, music, tradition, imagination, experience, sensation and identity, where interrelations of the past, present and future are very evident. I finally consider archaeology as an art which reveals parallels between archaeology itself and music. Paradigms in archaeologies in 2013 do not effectively support this praxis of flute making despite contextual experimentation showing welcoming promise for future change.
32
Heeb, Julia Maria. "Copper shaft-hole axes and early metallurgy in south-eastern Europe : an integrated approach." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3636.
Full textAbstract:
Although the copper axes with central shaft-hole from south-eastern Europe have a long history of research, they have not been studied on a transnational basis since the 1960s. What has also been missing is an integrated or holistic approach, trying to use as many methods as possible and better understand the production, use and context of these enigmatic objects. This present research therefore approaches the axes from different angles. A database was compiled in order to find answers on questions such as the patterns of distribution, context, fragmentation and deformation of axes. For the distribution of axes in general as well as different attributes like fragmentation and typology, the content of the database was imported into GIS software and analysed. Aspects of production were considered through experimental archaeology, metallographic analysis and a re-discovered axe blank with missing shafthole. Especially the missing moulds make it difficult to fully understand the production sequence. The typology was re-evaluated and modified to ensure comparability across modern national boundaries. The context and background was developed through a thorough review of the literature and combined with theoretical considerations. The integration of all these approaches yielded some interesting results. The great variability in shape combined with the results of metallographic analyses clearly shows that a variety of production techniques were used, but it is as yet difficult to relate these to specific geographic areas or even cultural groups. In fact the typology as well as the practice of marking the axes indicate that traditional archaeological ‘cultures’ rarely correspond to the distribution of a type or to the practice of marking the axes. They show instead that there were different spheres of influence, some even more localised and others much larger (like the Carpathian Basin) than specific ceramic traditions. These different levels of belonging, as well as the increasing visibility of the individual in the archaeological record, show that it was a period of complex cultural patterns and interactions. The axes were a part of these networks of the daily life on many different levels from the strict utilitarian to the ritualised placement in burial contexts.
33
Lundström, Fredrik. "Secrets of the Spearhead : Developing Continuum Mechanical Simulations and Organic Residue Analysis for the Study of Scandinavian Flint Spearhead Functionality." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Arkeologiska forskningslaboratoriet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-174757.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a pilot study, designed to test and develop methods suitable for the study of Scandinavian flint spearhead functionality. The functionality of projectile and lithic point armament has not been studied for almost 30 years in Scandinavia. Meanwhile, methods used to analyse lithic projectiles have developed considerably. However, few of these methods are precise enough to be used in conjunction with Scandinavian stone technological analyses that emphasize the societal aspect of lithic points. Consequently, two methods were chosen that could provide data for Scandinavian research issues: 3D-scanning/continuum mechanical simulations and organic residue analysis. The methods were tested on 6 experimental spearheads. The continuum mechanical simulation generated both visual and numerical data that could be used to create precise functional-morphological descriptions. The data could also potentially be used for projectile point classification. The organic residue analysis revealed promising results for the use of an artefact and activity specific analysis, with a sequential extraction protocol. In unison, the results from both analyses could be used to reveal how spearheads were functionally designed and used in Stone Age Scandinavia, even though there are methodological and technological issues that need solving.
34
Bryce, Joseph A. "An Investigation of the Manufacture and Use of Bone Awls at Wolf Village (42UT273)." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6189.
Full textAbstract:
Wolf Village is a Fremont farming village located at the southern end of Utah Valley where Brigham Young University has conducted six field schools there and recovered 135 awl and awl fragments. The Wolf Village awls, like the awls from many Fremont sites, represent a large range of morphological variability. Because of the ubiquity and diversity of Fremont bone awls, many different approaches have been taken to organize and understand them; focusing more on morphological characteristics than interpretation. In order to better understand the life use of bone awls, experiments were conducted to replicate the manufacture and use of these tools and to create a comparative collection for diagnostic characteristics. Based on the results of analysis and comparison, the craftspeople at Wolf Village used a variety of methods to make tools for use in basket-making, leatherwork, and other activities.
35
Speed, Christopher. "Experimental archaeology and the formation processes of the archaeological record : the effects of trampling and soil fauna on geological evidence of metalworking." Thesis, University of Reading, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617033.
Full textAbstract:
This is an experimental investigation of some archaeological site formation processes. The investigation used laboratory based container experiments to study differential earthworm bioturbation of soil lead and copper with macro-artefacts using Lumbricus terrestris and Eisenia fetida, during six month studies. A second experiment traced the geochemistry of experimental metal working at Butser Ancient Farm, Hampshire, both spatially and in depth profile. Soil chemical analysis in all cases followed a similar technique, using aqua regia pseudo-total extraction soil digests, followed by analysis using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICPOES). The soil chemical patterns developed in a new experimental metalworking hut at Butser Ancient Farm were confined almost totally to the top 5cm of the soil profile, but could not conclusively be related to the number of episodes of metalworking in the hut. This was mostly due to the effects of trampling, and frequent reconstruction of the metalworking furnaces. Thirdly, the effects of trampling on artificially seeded macro-artefacts were related to chemical traces within the soil at experimental metal working sites at Butser Ancient Farm. Sedimentological models were adapted to analyse the differential movement of the macro-artefacts, and used to suggest movement pathways around the experimental metalworking areas. The models developed from these experimental investigations were used to inform interpretations of activity areas on an excavation at Insula IX, Si1chester, Hampshire, using Middle Range Theory to relate the observed experimental patterns to the excavated archaeology. Suggestions are made that the use of the distributions of a population of chemical concentrations can give better interpretations of activity areas than the use of individual concentration values. This may be a way of overcoming the great inherent variability in soil samples, while keeping current soil sampling regimes, and a manageable number of samples. It is further suggested that acid soil digests can possibly conflate high element concentrations arising from several different formation pathways. The bioturbation studies suggested some differential separation of soil chemical values and macro-artefacts initially arising from a single artificial assemblage. The geochemical and trampling experiments allowed some more sophisticated interpretations of soil chemical patterns to be suggested.
36
Richard, Andrew Justin. "Clovis and Folsom Functionality Comparison." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556853.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis uses experimental archaeology as a method to discover the functional differences between Clovis and Folsom projectile points filtered through a behavioral ecology paradigm. Porcelain is used as a substitute for tool stone for its consistency and control value. The experiment was devised to find out which technology, Clovis or Folsom, was more functional, had a higher curation rate and contributed to increased group subsistence. Paleoindian tool technology transitions can be seen as indicators for adaptation triggered by environmental conditions and changes in subsistence. Folsom technology, when compared to Clovis technology, was functionally superior in performance, refurbishment and curation. Technological design choices made by Folsom people were engineered toward producing a more functional tool system as a sustainable form of risk management. The Clovis Folsom Breakage Experiment indicates that Folsom tool technology was specifically adapted to bison subsistence based on increased functionality and curation.
37
Woods, Alexander Davidson. "The effects of lithic raw material quality on Aurignacian blade production at Abri Cellier." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1111.
Full textAbstract:
The Aurignacian is a contentious time period in paleoanthropology. The myriad social changes which accompany the Upper Paleolithic transition have often become associated with the physical tools which Aurignacian people left behind. One result of this is the current tendency of professionals to use blade technology as an indicator of "modernity," rather than examining how changes accompanying the Upper Paleolithic transition made blades a useful adaptation. Of particular importance is the fact that the adoption of blades coincides with a long distance shift in the system used to procure and transport the lithic raw materials. This suggests that before we can use blades to answer anthropological questions about the Aurignacian, we need to establish the relationship between blade production and the acquisition of exotic raw materials.
This dissertation combines an analysis of the lithic collection from the French archaeological site of Abri Cellier with the experimental fracture of lithic raw material samples in order to examine the impact of raw material quality on Aurignacian blade production. The analysis of the assemblage from Abri Cellier demonstrates that Aurignacian blades manufactured on exotic materials were of higher quality than those produced locally. The experimental fracture of raw material samples reveals that the differences in the quality of the exotic and local materials do not sufficiently account for the differences in the quality of the blades produced on them. This implies that the differential transport of high quality final products accounts for the increased quality of exotic blades at Abri Cellier.
This research examines a number of new ways to evaluate quality in the archaeological record. More importantly, however, it firmly demonstrates that the acquisition of long distance raw materials was not a prerequisite for blade production in the Perigord. This work will conclude by arguing that blades played a role in increasing the maintainability of a hafted toolkit geared towards meeting the requirements of an increasingly mobile and collaborative Aurignacian population.
38
Hansen, James Paul. "Nostalgic Media: Histories and Memories of Domestic Technology in the Moving Image." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492451165107021.
Full text
39
Oertle, Annette. "Time and Relative Dimension in Space: Untangling site formation and taphonomic processes on archaeological shell from the tropical Indo-Pacific." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/21080.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding the formation and transformation of an archaeological site is imperative to creating robust inferences about human behaviour. Relatively little work has been undertaken on the varying anthropic and non-anthropic taphonomic processes that affect shell-bearing archaeological sites, particularly in tropical locations which are prone to extreme weathering and issues of long-term preservation. This thesis provides a greater comprehension of taphonomic processes impacting archaeological shell material and uses this understanding to untangle complex spatial and temporal aspects of an archaeological site in the Indo-Pacific. Two key areas of shell taphonomy include thermal influences, such as burning and heating, and acid dissolution. Experimental studies were undertaken on each of these processes and show variable results between taxa or microstructural type. Building upon these experiments, high-resolution taphonomic analyses of archaeological shell from Golo Cave, Gebe Island, Indonesia highlight taxon-specific patterning of various taphonomic processes (seen through varying physical traces) as well as overall trends in material deposition and preservation linked to human behaviours. The individual environmental conditions of this site also impact the types and intensity of taphonomic processes and thus the formation and transformation of the deposits. This is primarily seen through fragmentation rates, burning, physical abrasion, chemical dissolution, and bioerosion. Thermal influences have a distinct impact on the presence and degree of other taphonomic processes such as bioerosion and fragmentation, highlighting the connectivity between different processes. High-resolution analyses of shell midden from this site reveals periods of intensive occupation and changes in environmental conditions. Each shell tells a story, thus high-resolution taphonomic analyses provides a method to understand how different variables impact the formation and transformation of a site. This approach to shell analysis can provide a sharper understanding of the occupation of a site, particularly when stratigraphy does not provide a clear picture of site formation. It is through the examination of pre- and post-depositional taphonomic processes that archaeologists can create robust inferences about human behaviour, hence the importance of discerning the effects of varying processes on shell material.
40
Santos, da Rosa Neemias. "La Tecnología del Arte Rupestre Levantino: aproximación experimental para el estudio de sus cadenas operativas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668379.
Full textAbstract:
Aquesta tesi té com a objectiu caracteritzar el procés tecnológic de producció de les pintures levantines existents a la regió del Maestrat i àrees limítrofes (a l'est d'Espanya). Utilitzant Arqueologia Experimental i informacions provinents del registre arqueolôgic, geológic i paleoambiental de I'área d'estudi, es va provar de forma sistemática I'eficiência de 112 receptes pictóriques, compostes per pigments i lligants, i de 63 instruments d'aplicació de pintura, elaborats amb plomes, péls i plantes. A continuació, utilitzant les receptes i instruments classificats com els més eficients, es van elaborar répliques experimentals de part dels motius rupestres que componen la mostra de referência. Aquest procediment va possibilitar la comprensió dels técnics i nômics involucrats en la i ió de les representacions llevantines i va pi H ió d'una série d'inferé a les caracteristiques de les seves cadenes operatives. Els resultats obtinguts van fer evident l'alta complexitat del procés de producció de I'Art Rupestre Llevantí, demostrant que la creació de les imatges sobre les parets dels abrics implica molt més que coneixements ala ició gráfica de les en si, ja que exigeix una profunda comprensió c | sobre el comportament de les matéries primeres, suports, instruments i pintures involucrats en les operacions têcniques que van portar a la seva materialització. Finalment, es planteja ata án com a hipótesi que hauria existit una homogeneitat técnica visible en la construcció de les representacions llevantines, la qual hauria sorgit com a resultat duna cadena operativa de producció rupestre socialment compartida pels últims grups de caçadors-recol-lectors que van ocupar el vessant oriental de la Península Ibérica.Esta tesis tiene como objetivo caracterizar el proceso tecnológico de producción de las pinturas levantinas existentes en la región del Maestrazgo y áreas limítrofes (Este de España). Utilizando la Arqueología Experimental e informaciones provenientes del registro arqueológico, geológico y paleoambiental del área de estudio, se probó de forma sistemática la eficiencia de 112 recetas pictóricas, compuestas por pigmentos y ligantes, y de 63 instrumentos de aplicación de pintura, elaborados con plumas, pelos y plantas. A continuación, utilizando las recetas e instrumentos clasificados como los más eficientes, se elaboraron réplicas experimentales de parte de los motivos rupestres que componen la muestra de referencia. Este procedimiento posibilitó la comprensión de los aspectos técnicos y económicos involucrados en la realización de las representaciones levantinas y permitió la elaboración de una serie de inferencias referentes a las características de sus cadenas operativas. Los resultados obtenidos hicieron evidente la alta complejidad del proceso de producción del Arte Rupestre Levantino, demostrando que la creación de las imágenes sobre las paredes de los abrigos implica mucho más que conocimientos referentes a la composición gráfica de las representaciones en sí, ya que exige una profunda comprensión acerca del comportamiento de las materias primas, soportes, instrumentos y pinturas involucrados en las operaciones técnicas que llevaron a su materialización. Por último, se plantea como hipótesis que habría existido una homogeneidad técnica visible en la construcción de las representaciones levantinas, la cual habría surgido como resultado de una cadena operativa de producción rupestre socialmente compartida por los últimos grupos de cazadores-recolectores que ocuparon la vertiente oriental de la Península Ibérica.
This thesis aims to characterize the technological production process of Levantine paintings in the Maestrazgo region and bordering area (East of Spain). Through the use of Experimental Archeology and informations from the archaeological, geological and paleoenvironmental record of the study area, the efficiency of 112 pictorial recipes, consisting of pigments and binders, and of 63 painting tools, made with feathers, hairs and plants, was systematically tested. Then, using the recipes and tools classified as the most efficient, experimental replicas of some rock art motifs of the reference sample were made. This procedure allowed to understand the technical and economic aspects involved in the realization of the Levantine representations and the elaboration of inferences referring to the characteristics of their operative chains. The results obtained made evident the high complexity of the Levantine Rock Art's production process, showing that the image's creation on the walls of the shelters implies much more than knowledge regarding the graphic composition of the representations in themselves, as it requires a deep understanding about the behavior of raw materials, supports, tools and paintings involved in the technical operations that led to their Inglés materialization. Finally, it is hypothesized that there would have been a visible technical homogeneity in the Levantine representations construction's, which would have emerged as aresult of an operative chain of rock art production socially shared by the last groups of hunter-gatherers that occupied the eastern slope of the Iberian Peninsula.
41
Godfrey, Evelyne. "The technology of ancient and medieval directly reduced phosphoric iron." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5511.
Full textAbstract:
After carbon, phosphorus is the most commonly detected element in archaeological iron. The typical phosphoric iron range is 0.1wt% to 1wt%P. The predominant source of phosphorus in iron is the ore smelted. Around 60% of economic UK rock iron ore formations contain over 0.2%P. Under fully reducing conditions, both in liquid-state (cast iron) and solid-state bloomery smelting (direct reduction) processes, such rock ores would be predicted to produce phosphoric iron, and bog iron ores even more so. Ore-metal-slag phosphorus ratios for bloomery iron are derived here, by means of: laboratory experiments; full-scale experimental bloomery smelting; and analysis of remains from three Medieval and two Late Roman-Iron Age iron production sites in England and the Netherlands. Archaeological ore, slag, metal residues (gromps), and iron artefacts were analysed by metallography, SEM-EDS, EPMA, and XRD. The effects of forging and carburising on phosphoric iron were studied by experiment and artefact analysis. The ore to slag %P ratio for solid-state reduction was determined to range from 1:1.2 to 1: 1.8. The ore to metal %P ratio varied from 1:0.2 to 1:0.7-1.4, depending on furnace operating conditions. Archaeological phosphoric iron and steel microstructures resulting from non-equilibrium reduction, heat treatment, and mechanical processing are presented to define the technology of early phosphoric iron. Microstructures were identified by a combination of metallography and chemical analysis. The phosphoric iron artefacts examined appear to be fully functional objects, some cold-worked and carburised. Modern concepts of 'quality' and workability are shown to be inapplicable to the archaeological material.
42
Putt, Shelby Stackhouse. "Human brain activity during stone tool production : tracing the evolution of cognition and language." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2133.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to shed light on how and when mechanisms of the human brain evolved to support complex cognition and language. The field of evolutionary cognitive archaeology asserts that prehistoric technologies, as products of past cognition in action, are informative of the minimum cognitive and linguistic abilities that hominins needed to possess for their production. Previous researchers attempted to reconstruct the neural correlates of two Early Stone Age (ESA) tool industries, the 2.6 million-year-old Oldowan industry and the 0.7 million-year-old late Acheulian industry, by using positron emission tomography (PET) to observe the functional activation occurring in the brains of trained and expert stone knappers after making these different tool types. Because of evidence for overlap between the knapping and language circuits of the brain and increased anterior frontal activity during Acheulian tool production, these researchers argued that their results 1) indicate increased cognitive demands for late Acheulian tool production relative to Oldowan tool production and 2) support a technological origin for language, meaning that certain language functions co-opted the neural substrate and functions that were already established for toolmaking and tool use. Because of the motion limiting aspects of PET, however, these studies were unable to record the hemodynamic response of naturalistic stone knapping in real-time. They also were unable to observe the functional activation associated with the earliest stage of learning, which is likely to differ from late stage learning or expertise. Furthermore, any conclusion regarding a technological origin for language is problematic if it relies on data obtained from participants who learned to knap with verbal instruction.
To test these two claims, this dissertation utilized a neuroimaging technique called functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to explore the neural correlates of real-time, naturalistic Oldowan and Acheulian stone knapping at three different points in learning. Participants in the study were separated into two groups to learn ESA knapping skills. Both groups watched the same video tutorials that depicted an expert’s hands as he made stone tools, but those in the verbal group heard spoken instructions, while those in the nonverbal group watched a version with the sound turned off. Functional brain images were reconstructed from the digitized landmarks of each participant’s head and from the optical data. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a clearer distinction between the neural processes of Oldowan and Acheulian tool manufacturing tasks than has previously been demonstrated. Only the Acheulian task recruited a frontotemporal working memory network. Selection for individuals with increased working memory capacities, which would have allowed them to make increasingly complex tools to gain access to novel dietary items, may have spurred the evolution of larger brain size in the genus Homo during the early Pleistocene. The results also demonstrated that the presence or absence of language during training dictated which higher-order cognitive areas of the brain become engaged and at what point in training. Thus, the results of previous neuroarchaeological studies reflect a very specific condition of stone knapping skill acquisition that involves linguistic instruction, which may not be analogous to how skills were transmitted during the ESA. Finally, evidence of overlap between left hemisphere language and stone knapping circuits among the participants in the nonverbal group lends additional support for the technological origin for language hypothesis.
43
Bebber, Michelle Rae. "UNDERSTANDING TEMPER SELECTION IN THE PREHISTORIC CERAMIC SEQUENCE OF THE SCIOTO RIVER VALLEY, ROSS COUNTY, OHIO (500 B.C. – AD 1400)." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1479821741762486.
Full text
44
Delforge, Alexandre Henrique. "O sítio arqueológico Cerâmica Preta: estudo das técnicas e da cadeia operatória da cerâmica queimada em ambiente redutivo dos povos pré-coloniais praticantes da tradição cerâmica Aratu-Sapucaí." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-19122017-102422/.
Full textAbstract:
A cerâmica encontrada no sítio arqueológico Cerâmica Preta, localizado entre Camanducaia e Itapeva, Sul do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, apresenta marcas negras de redução que levaram o autor a formular a hipótese sobre uma técnica específica de queima utilizada por aquele povo que habitou o local preteritamente. O conjunto de fragmentos e as marcas neles encontradas representam os remanescentes de uma técnica morta de cerâmica preta, praticada com maestria e regularidade intencionalmente pelo povo que o produziu. A queima da cerâmica, assim como seu uso ao fogo, deixam marcas de diferentes cores e características nas peças submetidas a estes processos. Relata-se aqui a pesquisa de correlatos entre estas marcas, os processos e comportamentos em que esta coleção de fragmentos cerâmicos arqueológicos participou durante sua produção e uso, sua história de vida. Os parâmetros da arqueologia experimental, com base na teoria comportamental, orientam o desenvolvimento dos experimentos sobre as técnicas da queima redutora em fogueiras. Apresento uma análise do material encontrado no sítio Cerâmica Preta em coletas sistemática e assistemáticas, tendo como foco a marcas de queima, buscou-se reproduzir a morfologia e colorimetria para se entender as condições de sua formação através de experimentações em laboratório e em campo. Obtivemos resultados nas experimentações que foram compatíveis com a amostragem arqueológica tendo sucesso em reproduzir condições de queima, investigando o papel das diversas técnicas possíveis para a situação. Conclui-se, pelos correlatos levantados que as ceramistas que viveram no local do sítio praticavam uma determinada tradição técnica de queima de cerâmica que envolvia o uso de recipientes para conter atmosferas redutoras no sentido de produzir uma cerâmica extremamente reduzida de tamanho pequeno a médio e tendo como produto paralelo uma cerâmica reduzida internamente de maiores proporções que serviu de ferramenta na produção da cerâmica preta. O material arqueológico também indica a utilização de uma segunda técnica de queima que difere da primeira principalmente na forma de colocação das peças na fogueira para a queima. Outras marcas encontradas no material arqueológico sugerem que um tipo de queima seria utilizado especificamente para os vasilhames utilizados como panelas e outro para vasilhas e potes de armazenamento. A ligação encontrada entre as marcas de queima e a utilização posterior dos potes leva a proposição de uma ligação estreita entre a técnica de queima e a cosmologia destes povos. O simbolismo das cores resultantes e das superfícies coloridas remetem ao universo feminino, ao útero que gera a vida, ao pote negro e à inserção desta cultura na ordem do mundo em uma camada entre o telúrico e o celeste.The ceramic artifacts found in Cerâmica Preta archaeological site, situated at Camanducaia and Itapeva county, at southern Minas Gerais State, Brazil, show reduction marks that led the author to formulate an hypothesis about a specific technique of reducing firing of ceramics, used by the people who lived in this site preteritally. The black marks on the ceramic fabric and the black sherds, are remains of a forgotten technique of black pottery practiced intentionally and skillfully by the people who lived in this site preteritally. Firing of the ceramic and its use on the bonfire as pans, leaves different color and characteristic marks on the tissue of the pieces submitted to these processes. The search for correlates between these marks, processes and behaviors lead to the inference of activities in which the artifacts took part during its production and use. The Experimental Archaeology parameters, based on the Behavioral Theory, guided the development of the experiments on techniques of reduction firing in bonfires. The analisys of the material found in the ceramic site, by systematic and unsystematic search, focusing on the burning marks of which, through laboratory and field experiments, aim to reproduce the morphology and colorimetry, in the way to understand the conditions of its formation. The results of the experiments were compatible with the archaeological sampling and successfully reproduced burning conditions with similar results. The research investigated the role of various possible conditions for the production of black pottery. The correlates found by the research, lead to the conclusion that the ceramists, who lived in the site preteritally, practiced a certain technical tradition of ceramic firing, wich involved the use of containers to retain reducing atmospheres, in the sense of producing an extremely thin black ceramic of small to medium size. This firing has as parallel product, an internally reduced ceramic of greater proportions that served as a tool in the production of black pottery, a sagar. Archaeological material also indicates the use of a second firing technique which differs from the first one mainly in the way the parts are placed in the bonfire, but also in its production and use. Other marks found in archaeological material suggest that the people who practiced this tradition used the pots of one kind of firing as pans and diferent ones for consuming and for storage pots too. The connection found between the firing marks and other, dued to the later use of the pots over the fire, leads to the proposition of a close connection between the burning technique and the cosmology of these peoples. The symbolism of the resulting colors and colored surfaces refers to the female universe, the life-giving uterus, the black pot, and the insertion of this culture into the order of the world in a layer between the tellurian and the celestial.
45
Karr, Landon Patrick. "The analysis and interpretation of fragmented mammoth bone assemblages : experiments in bone fracture with archaeological applications." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3590.
Full textAbstract:
The study of flaked mammoth bone tools from the Late Pleistocene is a topic that has inspired great interest in the archaeological community for the last 40 years. The interpretation of evidence of culturally modified mammoth bone tools has varied widely across both time and space. At different times and in different places, flaked bone toolmaking has been interpreted across the geographic expanse of the North American continent, from Beringia to central Mexico, and through a vast timeframe, from 120,000 years ago, until as recently as 10,000 years ago. The study of these purported flaked bone tool assemblages has taken many forms, and has involved efforts to understand broken mammoth bone assemblages by drawing analogies to stone toolmaking strategies, by understanding the multitude of taphonomic processes that affect archaeological bone assemblages, and by attempting to differentiate the effects of natural and cultural processes. This thesis reports on a series of experiments designed to lend new actualistic evidence to the debate surrounding flaked bone toolmaking. These experiments include investigations into the effect of different environmental conditions on the degradation of bones, the flaking characteristics of both fresh and frozen bones, and the effect of rockfall as a taphonomic process on bones exposed to different real-world environments. These experiments, paired with a body of previous research, provide a basis in actualistic and taphonomic research that allows for the reassessment of archaeological and paleontological broken mammoth bone assemblages. This thesis includes the reassessment and detailed taphonomic analysis of four mammoth bone assemblages relevant to understanding cultural bone modification and the effect of non-cultural taphonomic processes. New interpretations of zooarchaeological assemblages from Lange/Ferguson (South Dakota, USA), Owl Cave (Idaho, USA), Inglewood (Maryland, USA), and Kent’s Cavern (Devon, UK) reveal new data that revise the understanding of the nature of these assemblages, and the effect of both natural and cultural bone fracturing agencies.
46
Mikitiejeva, Ramunė. "Archeologinio paveldo gaivinimas ir pažinimo sklaida: teoriniai modeliai ir praktinės galimybės." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080611_144019-67254.
Full textAbstract:
Remiantis komparatyvistiniu, aprašomuoju analitiniu, sintezės, apibendrinimo metodais darbe analizuojamos archeologinio paveldo pažinimo sklaidos ir gaivinimo galimybės ir perspektyvos Lietuvoje. Sąlygiškai darbą galima skirtyti į dvi dalis: pirmojoje nagrinėjami teoriniai aspektai, o antrojoje pateikiama praktinių archeologinio paveldo animavimo įžvalgų. Siekiant akcentuoti visuomenės įsitraukimą ir aktyvų dalyvavimą archeologinio paveldo apsaugoje, darbe kaip paveldo pažinimo sklaidos ir gaivinimo sinonimas vartojamas animavimo terminas.
Tyrimo objektu pasirinkus archeologinį paveldą, jo santykį su visuomene, siekiama aptarti archeologinio paveldo specifiką, išryškinti vertes ir reikšmę šiuolaikinės visuomenės tvariai raidai bei išskirti metodus, padedančius optimaliai įgyvendinti interaktyvumo programą ir skatinančius užmegzti dialogą su visuomene. Šiuos reikalavimus atitinka eksperimentinė archeologija. Todėl darbe apžvelgiamos jos praktikavimo ištakos, kategorijos ir sklaida Lietuvoje bei išskiriamos eksperimento metodo taikymo perspektyvos archeologijoje. Viena jų – gyvosios archeologijos festivaliai, įvairios edukacinės programos, kurių atsiradimą ir gausėjimą paskatino bandymas padaryti visuomenę aktyvia dalyve.
Kaip esminė dialogo su bendruomene forma darbe įvardinama archeologinio parko idėja, įvertinami šio animavimo metodo privalumai ir trūkumai, charakterizuojamos potencialios archeologinių parkų vietovės Lietuvos teritorijoje; atsižvelgiant į objekto išlikimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Using a set of general methods which include comparative analysis and synthesis of scientific literature this paper discusses issues of recognition, promotion and rehabilitation of archaeological heritage, the perspectives and opportunities of its use in Lithuania. Basically this work can be divided into two main parts: the one with theoretical analysis of various approaches and the other orientated towards practical recommendations and suggestions of possible animation work in regional parks. Seeking to define the vital importance of involvement and participation of society in the process of conservation, the overall term animation is adopted and used as synonym for recognition, promotion and rehabilitation concept. Considering the relationship between archaeological heritage and society as the main subject of this research, the specifics of archaeological heritage and importance of sustainable development to modern society is reviewed in the work. One of the tasks is to separate out the methods which provide optimal conditions of interactive communication and stimulate the engagement in dialogue with communities. Experimental archaeology meets such requirements. Therefore the genesis, development, categories of experimental archeology and promotion of this tendency in Lithuania are defined, alongside the perspectives of practical use of experiment in archaeology are reflected. Good examples of interaction are various educational programs and archaeological festivals, which... [to full text]
47
Howard, Wendy June. "Commensal or comestible? : the role and exploitation of small, non-ungulate mammals in early European prehistory : towards a methodology for improving identification of human utilisation." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14026.
Full textAbstract:
Small mammals, namely those species larger than microfauna like rats and murids but smaller than medium, sheep-size fauna, are generally one of the less studied areas of zooarchaeology. While this may be partly influenced by modern cultural biases, it is more often because finding small, rabbit-sized, mammal remains in archaeological deposits presents a problem in accurately differentiating between those arising from natural, biological and anthropogenic agencies. This thesis tackles this subject using a synthesis of different methods, examining the exploitation and role of small, non-ungulate mammals in early Western European prehistory by combining existing ethnographic knowledge and archaeological research with actualistic experiments and bone assemblage analysis. It first presents a detailed summary of the various taphonomic effects on bone from natural, biological and human action, with particular reference to those of small mammals, using empirical evidence to describe the processes and likely resultant effects. Small mammal utilisation is then contextualised using archaeological and ethnographic evidence to examine past and present practices in Europe and other areas of the world. Different acquisition methods, such as hunting and trapping, are described, and using small mammals for dietary and non-dietary purposes is outlined, along with the rationale for such utilisation given their size. Also considered are other, more abstract ideological and symbolic roles they fulfilled within different cultures, whether physically using parts of the animal, or conceptually. To extend the existing methods available to zooarchaeologists, and improve identifying human exploitation of these species, the ‘chaîne opératoire’ of small game use is examined from an osteological perspective, starting with acquisition, through processing, cooking and consumption to discard, using a series of experiments and microscopic analysis to explore potential bone modification signatures and fracture patterns arising from such activities. Finally, it places these results into broader context by comparing the fracture patterns with bones from British and North American archaeological sites, to demonstrate that similar changes can be seen.
48
Baco, Hiuri Marcel di. "Arqueologia Guarani e experimental no Baixo Paranapanema Paulista: o estudo dos sítios arqueológicos Lagoa Seca, Pernilongo, Aguinha e Ragil II." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/71/71131/tde-21062012-104518/.
Full textAbstract:
Esta pesquisa apresenta alguns resultados do trabalho realizado com Arqueologia experimental sobre a tecnologia cerâmica Guarani, especificamente, com o acabamento de superfície da cerâmica corrugada, ungulada, espatulada, serrungulada e nodulada da área do Baixo Paranapanema Paulista. A experiência com os testes experimentais nos permitiu avaliar algumas das capacidades cognitivas que envolvem o trabalho do (a) ceramista, bem como demonstrar alguns aspectos da técnica de confecção da cerâmica relacionados com as escolhas dos indivíduos ceramistas que podem ter gerado a variabilidade cerâmica nos tipos de acabamento plástico de superfície externa. Além disso, comparamos o material arqueológico e a paisagem do Sítio Lagoa Seca com a de outros três sítios da Região do Baixo Paranapanema Paulista, para tentarmos contribuir com o entendimento do \"Sistema Regional de Ocupação Guarani\" da área do Projeto Paranapanema.This study presents some results of work carried out on experimental archeology Guarani ceramic technology, specifically with the surface finish of ceramic corrugada, ungulada, spatulada, nodulada and serrungulada of Baixo Paranapanema Paulista. The experience with experimental tests allowed us to evaluate some of the cognitive abilities that involve the work of potter as well as demonstrate some aspects of the art of making pottery related to the choices of individuals potters who may have generated the variability in ceramic types finishing plastic of external surface. Furthermore, we compare the archaeological remains and landscape Site Lagoa Seca with the other three sites in the Baixo Paranapanema Paulista Region, to try to contribute to the understanding of the \"Sistema Regional de Ocupação Guarani\" of the Projeto Paranapanema.
49
Emmerich, Kamper Theresa. "Determining traditional skin processing technologies : the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of experimental samples, prehistoric archaeological finds and ethnographic objects." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/22073.
Full textAbstract:
The importance of skin processing technologies, in the history and dispersal of humankind around the planet cannot be overstated. This area of material culture is often underrepresented as a research topic, and has been hampered, in part, by the lack of a systematic analysis methodology targeted at specifically this material type. This research aimed to develop a methodology for determining the tanning technologies in use during prehistory, from extant archaeologically recovered processed skin objects. The methodology is a product of macroscopic and microscopic observations of a large sample reference collection, used to produce a database of defining characteristics and tendencies for each of six tannage types. The sample collection is made up of twenty-two species identified as economically important from both Europe and North America. Six sample pieces of skin were taken from a single individual of each of the twenty-two species, and processed using six tanning technologies, the use of which covered a large geographic area and time frame. A second reference collection of clothing and utilitarian items, made from traditionally processed skins, was used to add a section of in-life use traces to the database of discriminating traits. The developed methodology was tested by examining archaeologically recovered and ethnographically collected skin objects, from museum collections across North America and Europe. Objects from many different preservation contexts, including wet, dry, and frozen sites were analysed to determine whether or not the discriminating traits survived interment. It was found that defining characteristics and tendencies do exist between the main tannage technologies, and can be recorded at multiple levels of observation. The analysis of skin objects in museum collections confirmed that at least some defining characteristics and tendencies survived in all preservation contexts. In addition, the preservation of in-life use traces proved to be diagnostic of not only tannage type, but small sections of chaîne opératoire and object biography as well. Overall, this research has demonstrated that archaeologically preserved objects made from processed skin can provide information about the tannage technologies in use prehistorically, as well as more detailed information such as manufacturing sequences and the conditions of use an object was subjected to. Thus, analysis of this nature can be used to access information on a more individual level than previously believed.
50
DIARA, FILIPPO. "Experimental workflow for the creation of a non-conventional open source HBIM platform integrating metric data and stratigraphic analysis: the case study of the refectory of Santa Maria di Staffarda Abbey." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2823951.
Full text