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Journal articles on the topic 'Experimental catchment'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Staudinger, M., M. Weiler, and J. Seibert. "Quantifying sensitivity to droughts – an experimental modeling approach." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 3 (2015): 1371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1371-2015.

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Abstract. Meteorological droughts like those in summer 2003 or spring 2011 in Europe are expected to become more frequent in the future. Although the spatial extent of these drought events was large, not all regions were affected in the same way. Many catchments reacted strongly to the meteorological droughts showing low levels of streamflow and groundwater, while others hardly reacted. Also, the extent of the hydrological drought for specific catchments was different between these two historical events due to different initial conditions and drought propagation processes. This leads to the im

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Staudinger, M., M. Weiler, and J. Seibert. "Quantifying sensitivity to droughts – an experimental modeling approach." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 7 (2014): 7659–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-7659-2014.

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Abstract. Meteorological droughts like those in summer 2003 or spring 2011 in Europe are expected to become more frequent in the future. Although the spatial extent of these drought events was large, not all regions were affected in the same way. Many catchments reacted strongly to the meteorological droughts showing low levels of streamflow and groundwater, while others hardly reacted. The extent of the hydrological drought for specific catchments was also different between these two historical events due to different initial conditions and drought propagation processes. This leads to the imp

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Lymbery, A. J., R. G. Doupé, and N. E. Pettit. "Effects of salinisation on riparian plant communities in experimental catchments on the Collie River, Western Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 51, no. 6 (2003): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt02119.

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Although the salinisation of streams has long been recognised as one of Western Australia's most serious environmental and resource problems, there is very little published information on the effects of salinisation on riparian flora and fauna. We studied riparian vegetation in three experimental catchments on the Collie River in Western Australia. The catchments are situated within a 5-km area of state forest and are geologically and botanically similar, but differ in the extent of clearing, groundwater levels and stream salinity. In each catchment, transects were taken perpendicular to the d

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Liu, Yue, Jian-yun Zhang, Amgad Elmahdi, et al. "Transferability of a lumped hydrologic model, the Xin'anjiang model based on similarity in climate and geography." Water Supply 21, no. 5 (2021): 2191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.055.

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Abstract Hydrological experiments are essential to understanding the hydrological cycles and promoting the development of hydrologic models. Model parameter transfers provide a new way of doing hydrological forecasts and simulations in ungauged catchments. To study the transferability of model parameters for hydrological modelling and the influence of parameter transfers on hydrological simulations, the Xin'anjiang model (XAJ model), which is a lumped hydrologic model based on a saturation excess mechanism that has been widely applied in different climate regions of the world, was applied to a

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Munyaneza, O., A. Mukubwa, S. Maskey, J. Wenninger, and S. Uhlenbrook. "Assessment of surface water resources availability using catchment modeling and the results of tracer studies in the meso-scale Migina Catchment, Rwanda." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 12 (2013): 15375–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-15375-2013.

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Abstract. In the last couple of years, different hydrological research projects were undertaken in the Migina catchment (243.2 km2), a tributary of the Kagera river in Southern Rwanda. These projects were aimed to understand hydrological processes of the catchment using analytical and experimental approaches and to build a pilot case whose experience can be extended to other catchments in Rwanda. In the present study, we developed a hydrological model of the catchment, which can be used to inform water resources planning and decision making. The semi-distributed hydrological model HEC-HMS (ver

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Stoof, C. R., R. W. Vervoort, J. Iwema, E. van den Elsen, A. J. D. Ferreira, and C. J. Ritsema. "Hydrological response of a small catchment burned by experimental fire." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 2 (2012): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-267-2012.

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Abstract. Fire can considerably change hydrological processes, increasing the risk of extreme flooding and erosion events. Although hydrological processes are largely affected by scale, catchment-scale studies on the hydrological impact of fire in Europe are scarce, and nested approaches are rarely used. We performed a catchment-scale experimental fire to improve insight into the drivers of fire impact on hydrology. In north-central Portugal, rainfall, canopy interception, streamflow and soil moisture were monitored in small shrub-covered paired catchments pre- and post-fire. The shrub cover w

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Moore, T. R., L. Matos, and N. T. Roulet. "Dynamics and chemistry of dissolved organic carbon in Precambrian Shield catchments and an impounded wetland." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 60, no. 5 (2003): 612–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-050.

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We examined the sources, sinks, and fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and its chemical fractions over a 4-year period in upland and wetland catchments in the Experimental Lakes Area, Ontario. In an upland catchment, the major sources of DOC were precipitation, vegetation, and soil organic matter, resulting in a summer (June to October) export of 2.1 g·m2. DOC concentrations in peat pore water ranged from 20 to 60 mg·L1 and were related to hydrologic pathways. DOC export from catchments containing wetlands ranged from 0.8 to 5.7 g·m2 and export from the peatland portion of the catchme

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Stoof, C. R., R. W. Vervoort, J. Iwema, E. van den Elsen, A. J. D. Ferreira, and C. J. Ritsema. "Hydrological response of a small catchment burned by experimental fire." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 2 (2011): 4053–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-4053-2011.

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Abstract. Fire can considerably change hydrological processes, increasing the risk of extreme flooding and erosion events. Although hydrological processes are largely affected by scale, catchment-scale studies on the hydrological impact of fire are scarce, and nested approaches are rarely used. Taking a unique approach, we performed a catchment-scale experimental fire to improve insight into the drivers of fire impact on hydrology. In north-central Portugal, rainfall, canopy interception, streamflow and soil moisture were monitored in shrub-covered paired catchments pre- and post-fire. Post-fi

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Wright, R. F., C. Beier, and B. J. Cosby. "Effects of nitrogen deposition and climate change on nitrogen runoff at Norwegian boreal forest catchments: the MERLIN model applied to Risdalsheia (RAIN and CLIMEX projects)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 2, no. 4 (1998): 399–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-2-399-1998.

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Abstract. The catchment scale-experiments of the RAIN and CLIMEX projects conducted on boreal forest ecosystems at Risdalsheia, southernmost Norway, provide a unique set of data on the flux of nitrogen (N) in runoff following changes in N deposition, carbon dioxide (CO2) level and temperature. MERLIN (Model of Ecosystem Retention and Loss of Inorganic Nitrogen), a recently-developed model that focuses on N leaching, provides a means by which these data can be placed into a quantitative framework. The features of the N flux in runoff at Risdalsheia to be explained include (1) leaching of about

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Pavlásek, J., J. Ředinová, and P. Skalská. "Evaluation of monitoring on Modrava catchments." Soil and Water Research 4, Special Issue 2 (2010): S66—S74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/475-swr.

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In this paper is presented the comparison of the selected hydrometeorological data from two experimental micro-scale catchments Modrava 1 (0.1 km<SUP>2</SUP>) and Modrava 2 (0.17 km<SUP>2</SUP>) in upper parts of Bohemian Forest. These catchments differ mainly in the vegetation cover – a dead forest with very young trees (Modrava 1) and primary forest clearings with 10 to 15-year old young forest (Modrava 2). For comparison were used the data monitored close to the catchments outlets during the hydrological year 2007. Average hourly rainfall and runoff data were analyse

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Bari, M., and K. R. J. Smettem. "Modelling monthly runoff generation processes following land use changes: groundwater–surface runoff interactions." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 5 (2004): 903–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-903-2004.

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Abstract. A conceptual water balance model is presented to represent changes in monthly water balance following land use changes. Monthly rainfall–runoff, groundwater and soil moisture data from four experimental catchments in Western Australia have been analysed. Two of these catchments, "Ernies" (control, fully forested) and "Lemon" (54% cleared) are in a zone of mean annual rainfall of 725 mm, while "Salmon" (control, fully forested) and "Wights" (100% cleared) are in a zone with mean annual rainfall of 1125 mm. At the Salmon forested control catchment, streamflow comprises surface runoff,

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Zhang, Yunfan, Lei Cheng, Lu Zhang, et al. "Does non-stationarity induced by multiyear drought invalidate the paired-catchment method?" Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26, no. 24 (2022): 6379–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6379-2022.

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Abstract. Multiyear drought has been demonstrated to cause non-stationary rainfall–runoff relationship. But whether this change can occur in catchments that have also experienced vegetation change and whether it invalidates the most widely used methods for estimating impacts of vegetation change – i.e., the paired-catchment method (PCM), the time–trend method (TTM), and the sensitivity-based method (SBM) – on runoff is still unknown and rarely discussed. Estimated inconsistent afforestation impacts were 32.8 %, 93.5 %, and 76.1 % of total runoff changes in the Red Hill paired experimental catc

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Porto, P., D. E. Walling, C. La Spada, and N. Mallimo. "Combining caesium-137 measurements and suspended sediment load data to investigate the sediment response of a small catchment in southern Italy." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 367 (March 3, 2015): 220–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-367-220-2015.

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Abstract. A long-term measurement programme was operated in southern Italy during the 1960s and 1970s, to provide information on the suspended sediment yields from the main river basins. Information obtained for the rivers of Calabria suggests that suspended sediment yields in this area are relatively low. However, there is evidence that the intensity of land degradation within the upstream catchments is substantially higher than suggested by the values of specific sediment yield and there is a need to explore the relationship between on-site soil loss and downstream sediment yield more closel

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Futter, M. N., R. A. Skeffington, P. G. Whitehead, and F. Moldan. "Modelling stream and soil water nitrate dynamics during experimentally increased nitrogen deposition in a coniferous forest catchment at Gårdsjön, Sweden." Hydrology Research 40, no. 2-3 (2009): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2009.076.

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Increased atmospheric deposition of inorganic nitrogen (N) may lead to increased leaching of nitrate (NO3−) to surface waters. The mechanisms responsible for, and controls on, this leaching are matters of debate. An experimental N addition has been conducted at Gårdsjön, Sweden to determine the magnitude and identify the mechanisms of N leaching from forested catchments within the EU funded project NITREX. The ability of INCA-N, a simple process-based model of catchment N dynamics, to simulate catchment-scale inorganic N dynamics in soil and stream water during the course of the experimental a

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Sněhota, M., M. Dubovec, M. Dohnal, and M. Císlerová. "Retention curves of soil from the liz experimental catchment obtained by three methods." Soil and Water Research 4, Special Issue 2 (2010): S6—S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/482-swr.

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The retention curves were measured in the soil from the Liz experimental catchment (Šumava). The sand table and pressure extractor methods were used to obtain a 13-point retention curve for undisturbed soil samples taken from 6 depths. The data points of the individual retention curves were fitted in with the analytical expression of and the reference retention curves were calculated for each depth by scaling. For the same soil, the retention curves were estimated by the artificial neural network method by and the use of the empirical Pedotransfer function. The numerical experiment, which repr

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Juez, C., A. Tena, J. Fernández-Pato, R. J. Batalla, and P. García-Navarro. "Application of a distributed 2D overland flow model for rainfall/runoff and erosion simulation in a Mediterranean watershed." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 44, no. 2 (2018): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.3320.

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Soil erosion has reemerged as an environmental problem associated with climate change that requires the help of simulation tools for forecasting future consequences. This topic becomes even more relevant in Mediterranean catchments due to the highly variable and irregular rainfall regime. Hence, an approach that includes the rainfall/runoff and erosion phenomena is required for quantifying the amount of soil the catchments are transferring to the rivers. As the calibration process of the infiltration and erosion parameters can become cumbersome in terms of iterations to the optimal values to f

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Zuecco, G., D. Penna, and M. Borga. "Runoff generation in mountain catchments: long-term hydrological monitoring in the Rio Vauz Catchment, Italy." Cuadernos de Investigación Geográfica 44, no. 2 (2018): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/cig.3327.

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Trying to obtain a more detailed understanding of the hydrological functioning of mountain catchments represents an important challenge in the effort of counteracting possible consequences of climate and land use change on water resources availability. Long-term (> 10 years) hydro-meteorological monitoring in small (typically < 10 km2) experimental catchments constitutes a valuable tool to achieve these goal. One of these sites is the Rio Vauz Catchment (1.9 km2), in the Italian Dolomites, that represents an excellent example of long-term snowmelt-dominated catchment in Dolomitic regions

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Kondratyev, S. A., Yu V. Karpechko, and M. V. Shmakova. "Influence of forest cutting down on runoff and nutrient removal from forest catchment of Karelia (according to mathematical modeling)." HYDROMETEOROLOGY AND ECOLOGY. PROCEEDINGS OF THE RUSSIAN STATE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 59 (2020): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33933/2074-2762-2020-59-51-66.

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The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of forestry activities on the runoff and nutrient removal from the forest catchments of Karelia using mathematical modeling. The catchment area of the Big Velmuksa river in Karelia with an area of about 139 km2 has been chosen as a research object. It is a part of the catchment of the Vodla river - one of the largest tributaries of Lake Onega. Almost the entire catchment area of the Big Velmuksa river is forested (94%). The main direction of economic activity in the forest catchment areas in Karelia, including the Big Velmuksa catchment, is cut

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Rodriguez, Fabrice, Amélie-Laure Le Delliou, Hervé Andrieu, and Jorge Gironás. "Groundwater Contribution to Sewer Network Baseflow in an Urban Catchment-Case Study of Pin Sec Catchment, Nantes, France." Water 12, no. 3 (2020): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030689.

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Sewer systems affect urban soil characteristics and subsoil water flow. The direct connection observed between baseflow in sewer systems under drainage infiltrations and piezometric levels influences the hydrological behavior of urban catchments, and must consequently be considered in the hydrologic modeling of urban areas. This research studies the groundwater contribution to sewer networks by first characterizing the phenomenon using experimental data recorded on a small urban catchment in Nantes (France). Then, the model MODFLOW was used to simulate the infiltration of groundwater into a se

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Cea, L., M. Garrido, J. Puertas, A. Jácome, H. Del Río, and J. Suárez. "Overland flow computations in urban and industrial catchments from direct precipitation data using a two-dimensional shallow water model." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 9 (2010): 1998–2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.746.

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This paper presents the experimental validation and the application to a real industrial catchment of a two-dimensional depth-averaged shallow water model used for the computation of rainfall-runoff transformation from direct precipitation data. Instead of using the common approach in flood inundation modelling, which consists in computing the water depth and velocity fields given the water discharge, in this study the rainfall intensity is imposed directly in the model, the surface runoff being generated automatically. The model considers infiltration losses simultaneously with flow simulatio

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Kovář, P., P. Cudlín, and J. Šafář. "Simulation of hydrological balance on experimental catchments Všeminka and Dřevnice in the extreme periods 1992 and 1997." Plant, Soil and Environment 50, No. 11 (2011): 478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4061-pse.

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Hydrological research on the V&scaron;eminka and Dřevnice experimental catchments has been carried out for almost ten years. Earlier analyses on these catchments have provided many partial results in the assessment of land use on water regime and also some analysis of extreme hydrological event conditions. This paper gives attention to identification of extreme hydrological periods (i.e floods and droughts) and to the simulation of events when these catchments are in that time impacted by the torrential rainfall of design character with the periodicity P = 0.01 (N = 100 years). This is the

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Wheater, H. S., D. Peach, and A. Binley. "Characterising groundwater-dominated lowland catchments: the UK Lowland Catchment Research Programme (LOCAR)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 1 (2007): 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-108-2007.

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Abstract. This paper reports on a major UK initiative to address deficiencies in understanding the hydro-ecological response of groundwater-dominated lowland catchments. The scope and objectives of this national programme are introduced and focus on one of three sets of research basins – the Pang/Lambourn Chalk catchments, tributaries of the river Thames in southern England. The motivation for the research is the need to support integrated management of river systems that have high ecological value and are subject to pressures that include groundwater abstraction for water supply, diffuse poll

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Parker, Brian R., David W. Schindler, Ken G. Beaty, Michael P. Stainton, and Susan E. M. Kasian. "Long-term changes in climate, streamflow, and nutrient budgets for first-order catchments at the Experimental Lakes Area (Ontario, Canada)This paper is part of the series “Forty Years of Aquatic Research at the Experimental Lakes Area”." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66, no. 11 (2009): 1848–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f09-149.

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We analyzed 36 years of records for climate, hydrology, and the chemistry of precipitation and runoff from the Lake 239 (Rawson Lake) catchment at the Experimental Lakes Area (Ontario, Canada). No evidence of significant periodicity was found for any variable in the Experimental Lakes Area records. The longer (67-year) record from nearby Kenora, Ontario, revealed a 31-year cycle in precipitation but not temperature. Significant increasing long-term trends at the Experimental Lakes Area were found for annual and winter temperature and summer precipitation and deposition of ammonium, total nitro

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Walsh, Christopher J., Matthew J. Burns, Tim D. Fletcher, et al. "Linking stormwater control performance to stream ecosystem outcomes: Incorporating a performance metric into effective imperviousness." PLOS Water 1, no. 2 (2022): e0000004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000004.

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Stormwater control measures, such as raingardens, tanks, or wetlands, are often employed to mitigate the deleterious effects of urban stormwater drainage on stream ecosystems. However, performance metrics for control measures, most commonly pollutant-load reduction, have not permitted prediction of how they will change stream ecosystems downstream. Stream ecosystem responses have more commonly been predicted by catchment-scale measures such as effective imperviousness (percentage of catchment with impervious cover draining to sealed drains). We adapt effective imperviousness, weighting it by a

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Johst, M., S. Uhlenbrook, N. Tilch, B. Zillgens, J. Didszun, and R. Kirnbauer. "An attempt of process-oriented rainfall-runoff modeling using multiple-response data in an alpine catchment, Loehnersbach, Austria." Hydrology Research 39, no. 1 (2008): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2008.035.

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The development of process-oriented hydrological models, which are able to simulate hydrological processes distributed in space and time, is crucial for optimal management of water resources. The model TACD (tracer aided catchment model, distributed) was modified and applied to the mountainous Loehnersbach catchment (16 km2), Kitzbueheler Alps, Austria, with the aim of simulating the dominant hydrological processes in a distributed way. It can be seen as a further developed, fully distributed version of the HBV-model with a more process-based runoff generation routine, which uses a spatial del

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Singh, Shailesh Kumar, Richard Ibbitt, M. S. Srinivasan, and Ude Shankar. "Inter-comparison of experimental catchment data and hydrological modelling." Journal of Hydrology 550 (July 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.04.049.

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Neal, C., B. Reynolds, M. Neal, H. Wickham, L. Hill, and B. Williams. "The impact of conifer harvesting on stream water quality: the Afon Hafren, mid-Wales." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 3 (2004): 503–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-503-2004.

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Abstract. Results for long term water quality monitoring are described for the headwaters of the principal headwater stream of the River Severn, the Afon Hafren. The results are linked to within-catchment information to describe the influence of conifer harvesting on stream and shallow groundwater quality. A 19-year record of water quality data for the Hafren (a partially spruce forested catchment with podzolic soil) shows the classic patterns of hydrochemical change in relation to concentration and flow responses for upland forested systems. Progressive felling of almost two-thirds of the for

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Zhao, Sihan, Hongchang Hu, Ciaran Harman, et al. "Understanding of Storm Runoff Generation in a Weathered, Fractured Granitoid Headwater Catchment in Northern China." Water 11, no. 1 (2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010123.

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Few of the classical field studies of streamflow generation in headwater watersheds have been conducted in catchments with thin soils and deeply weathered crystalline silicate bedrock. As such, the role of the (potentially very large) storage capacity of weathered, fractured rock in baseflow and storm event discharge remains poorly characterized. Here we present a study of streamflow generation in an upland semi-humid watershed (Xitaizi Experimental Watershed, XEW, 4.22 km2) dominated by baseflow feeding one of the main water supply reservoirs for the city of Beijing, China. This catchment is

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Wang, Shudong, Lifu Zhang, Xia Zhang, et al. "Coupling remote sensing data and eco-hydrological model to evaluate Non-point source pollution risk for water resource management." World Journal of Engineering 11, no. 2 (2014): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.11.2.157.

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Non-point source pollution risk assessment for surface drinking water catchments is an important basis and premise for the scientific management over water environment, while remote sensing technology may timely find the spatial distribution pattern and variation of risk. Coupling the Non-point source model and remote sensing data is a potential method for the water environment risk assessment. The dual Non-point source model independently developed by China is chosen to study its practical applicability in the experimental catchment area of Hebei Yuecheng Reservoir in combination with the rem

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Han, S., D. Xu, and S. Wang. "Runoff formation from experimental plot, field, to small catchment scales in agricultural North Huaihe River Plain, China." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 9 (2012): 3115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3115-2012.

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Abstract. Runoff formation at an experimental plot (1600 m2), a field (0.06 km2), and a small catchment (1.36 km2) with a shallow groundwater table and a dense drainage system in the agricultural North Huaihe River Plain (China) was analysed based on the observed rainfall, runoff, and groundwater table data of 30 storm events that occurred during the 1997 to 2008 flood seasons. The surface runoff was collected and measured at the outlet of the furrow of the experimental plot, whereas the total runoff was collected and measured at the outlets of the drainage ditches of the field and the small c

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Fadhel, Sherien, Miguel Angel Rico-Ramirez, and Dawei Han. "Exploration of an adaptive merging scheme for optimal precipitation estimation over ungauged urban catchment." Journal of Hydroinformatics 19, no. 2 (2016): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2016.022.

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Merging rain gauge and radar data improves the accuracy of precipitation estimation for urban areas. Since the rain gauge network around the ungauged urban catchment is fixed, the relevant question relates to the optimal merging area that produces the best rainfall estimation inside the catchment. Thus, an incremental radar-gauge merging was performed by gradually increasing the distance from the centre of the study area, the number of merging gauges around it and the radar domain. The proposed adaptive merging scheme is applied to a small urban catchment in west Yorkshire, Northern England, f

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Mourad, M., J. L. Bertrand-Krajewski, and G. Chebbo. "Sensitivity to experimental data of pollutant site mean concentration in stormwater runoff." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 2 (2005): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0043.

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Urban wet weather discharges are known to be a great source of pollutants for receiving waters, which protection requires the estimation of long-term discharged pollutant loads. Pollutant loads can be estimated by multiplying a site mean concentration (SMC) by the total runoff volume during a given period of time. The estimation of the SMC value as a weighted mean value with event runoff volumes as weights is affected by uncertainties due to the variability of event mean concentrations and to the number of events used. This study carried out on 13 catchments gives orders of magnitude of these

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Krajčí, Pavel, Michal Danko, Jozef Hlavčo, Zdeněk Kostka, and Ladislav Holko. "Experimental measurements for improved understanding and simulation of snowmelt events in the Western Tatra Mountains." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 64, no. 4 (2016): 316–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2016-0038.

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AbstractSnow accumulation and melt are highly variable. Therefore, correct modeling of spatial variability of the snowmelt, timing and magnitude of catchment runoff still represents a challenge in mountain catchments for flood forecasting. The article presents the setup and results of detailed field measurements of snow related characteristics in a mountain microcatchment (area 59 000 m2, mean altitude 1509 m a. s. l.) in the Western Tatra Mountains, Slovakia obtained in winter 2015. Snow water equivalent (SWE) measurements at 27 points documented a very large spatial variability through the e

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Risse-Buhl, U., F. Hagedorn, A. Dümig, et al. "Dynamics, chemical properties and bioavailability of DOC in an early successional catchment." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 1 (2013): 1011–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-1011-2013.

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Abstract. The dynamics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) have been intensively studied in mature ecosystems, but little is known about DOC dynamics and the significance of DOC as a substrate for microbial activity in early-successional catchments. We determined the concentration, chemical composition, source, radiocarbon age, and bioavailability of DOC along the hydrological flow path from soil solution to a downstream pond in a recently constructed catchment (Chicken Creek Catchment, Germany). Soil solution, upwelling ground water, subsurface water in an alluvial fan, and pond water all had h

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Gasperi, J., R. Moilleron, and G. Chebbo. "Spatial variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon load of urban wet weather pollution in combined sewers." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 6-7 (2006): 185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.576.

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In Paris, the OPUR research programme created an experimental on-site observatory of urban pollutant loads in combined sewer systems in order to characterise the dry and wet weather flows at different spatial scales. This article presents the first results on the spatial variability of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) load during wet weather flow (WWF). At the scale of a rain event, investigations revealed that (i) PAH concentrations were relatively homogenous whatever the spatial scale and were greater than those of the dry weather flow (DWF), (ii) PAH distributions between dissolved

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Park, Byeongky, Myunggu Lee, Changsu Hong, Jaekwan Lee, Young Joon Lee, and Joongdae Choi. "Channel Characteristics of Sincheon Experimental Catchment using HEC - RAS model." Journal of Environmental Science International 25, no. 1 (2016): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5322/jesi.2016.25.1.41.

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Hancock, G. R., and G. R. Willgoose. "A qualitative and quantitative evaluation of experimental model catchment evolution." Hydrological Processes 17, no. 12 (2003): 2347–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1258.

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Hancock, G. R., J. Nuake, and S. G. Fityus. "Modelling of sediment dynamics in a laboratory-scale experimental catchment." Hydrological Processes 20, no. 1 (2006): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5899.

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Bales, Roger, Erin Stacy, Mohammad Safeeq, et al. "Spatially distributed water-balance and meteorological data from the rain–snow transition, southern Sierra Nevada, California." Earth System Science Data 10, no. 4 (2018): 1795–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1795-2018.

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Abstract. We strategically placed spatially distributed sensors to provide representative measures of changes in snowpack and subsurface water storage, plus the fluxes affecting these stores, in a set of nested headwater catchments. The high temporal frequency and distributed coverage make the resulting data appropriate for process studies of snow accumulation and melt, infiltration, evapotranspiration, catchment water balance, (bio)geochemistry, and other critical-zone processes. We present 8 years of hourly snow-depth, soil-moisture, and soil-temperature data, as well as 14 years of quarter-

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Gallart, Francesc, Jana von Freyberg, María Valiente, James W. Kirchner, Pilar Llorens, and Jérôme Latron. "Technical note: An improved discharge sensitivity metric for young water fractions." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 3 (2020): 1101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1101-2020.

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Abstract. Recent virtual and experimental investigations have shown that the young water fraction Fyw (i.e. the proportion of catchment outflow younger than circa 2–3 months) increases with discharge in most catchments. The discharge sensitivity of Fyw has been defined as the rate of increase in Fyw with increasing discharge (Q) and has been estimated by the linear regression slope between Fyw and Q, hereafter called DS(Q). The combined use of both metrics, Fyw and DS(Q), provides a promising method for catchment inter-comparison studies that seek to understand streamflow generation processes.

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Uhlenbrook, S., J. Wenninger, and S. Lorentz. "What happens after the catchment caught the storm? Hydrological processes at the small, semi-arid Weatherley catchment, South-Africa." Advances in Geosciences 2 (July 11, 2005): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-2-237-2005.

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Abstract. The knowledge of water flow pathways and residence times in a catchment are essential for predicting the hydrological response to a rain storm event. Different experimental techniques are available to study these processes, which are briefly reviewed in this paper. To illustrate this, recent findings from the Weatherley catchment a 1.5 km2 semi-arid headwater in South-Africa, are reported in this paper. Beside classical hydrometric measurements of precipitation and runoff different experimental techniques were applied to explore flow paths (i.e. soil moisture and groundwater measurem

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Kirby, C., C. Neal, H. Turner, and P. Moorhouse. "A bibliography of hydrological, geomorphological, sedimentological, biological and hydrochemical references to the Institute of Hydrology experimental catchment studies in Plynlimon." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 1, no. 3 (1997): 755–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-1-755-1997.

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Abstract. This bibliography provides a backdrop to the environmental research completed within the context of the Plynlimon catchment study area. It includes the bibliography produced by Kirby et al. in 1991 plus references from (1) a computer-based literature search using all the standard water industry and water research data bases and (2) a questionnaire sent to all the contributors to this special volume of Hydrological and Earth System Sciences. The bibliography does not include the vast number of reports generated for various funding bodies over the years. The bibliography, comprising ab

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Webb, T. H., B. D. Fahey, K. M. Giddens, S. Harris, C. C. Pruden, and J. S. Whitton. "Soil-landscape and soil-hydrological relationships in the Glendhu Experimental Catchments, East Otago Uplands, New Zealand." Soil Research 37, no. 4 (1999): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr98102.

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Soil-landscape relationships were investigated in a first-order catchment and a fifth-order catchment of the Waipori River. The soils are formed mainly from loess and loess−colluvium derived fromschist, with limited inclusions of rock material from under lying schist bedrock. Five soil series are identified primarilyon the basis of differences in soil drainage. Occurrence of soil series within the landscape is related to a combination of aspect and slope angle while the depth of regolith is related to a combination of landform element and slope angle. Five soil profiles within a first-order ca

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Payne, J. A., G. D. Moys, C. J. Hutchings, and R. J. Henderson. "Development, Calibration and Further Data Requirements of the Sewer Flow Quality Model Mosqito." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 10-11 (1990): 103–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0294.

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MOSQITO is the initial version of a sever flow quality model being developed by Hydraulics Research Ltd and the Water Research Centre as part of the UK River Basin Management programme. MOSQITO I simulates the time-varying behaviour of suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, ammoniacal nitrogen and hydrogen sulphide on catchment surfaces and in sewer systems. The model produces discharge pollutographs for these determinands which can be used as input to a river water quality model. MOSQITO consists of four sub-models which represent washoff from catchment surfaces,

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Knapp, Julia L. A., Colin Neal, Alessandro Schlumpf, Margaret Neal, and James W. Kirchner. "New water fractions and transit time distributions at Plynlimon, Wales, estimated from stable water isotopes in precipitation and streamflow." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 23, no. 10 (2019): 4367–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-4367-2019.

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Abstract. Long-term, high-frequency time series of passive tracers in precipitation and streamflow are essential for quantifying catchment transport and storage processes, but few such data sets are publicly available. Here we describe, present, and make available to the public two extensive data sets of stable water isotopes in streamflow and precipitation at the Plynlimon experimental catchments in central Wales. Stable isotope data are available at 7-hourly intervals for 17 months, and at weekly intervals for 4.25 years. Precipitation isotope values were highly variable in both data sets, a

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Płaczkowska, Eliza, Karolina Mostowik, Heye Reemt Bogena, and Michael Leuchner. "The Impact of Partial Deforestation on Solute Fluxes and Stream Water Ionic Composition in a Headwater Catchment." Water 15, no. 1 (2022): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010107.

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To ensure the good chemical status of surface water across Europe, it is necessary to increase research on the comprehensive impact of land use and land cover changes, i.e., deforestation, on the natural environment. For this reason, we used data from 9-year environmental monitoring in the Wüstebach experimental catchment of the TERENO (Terrestrial Environmental Observatories) network to determine the impact of partial deforestation on solute fluxes and stream water ionic composition. In 2013, a partial deforestation experiment was conducted in the study area using a cut-to-length logging meth

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Leemhuis, Constanze, Esther Amler, Bernd Diekkrüger, Geofrey Gabiri, and Kristian Näschen. "East African wetland-catchment data base for sustainable wetland management." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 374 (October 17, 2016): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-374-123-2016.

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Abstract. Wetlands cover an area of approx. 18 Mio ha in the East African countries of Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania, with still a relative small share being used for food production. Current upland agricultural use intensification in these countries due to demographic growth, climate change and globalization effects are leading to an over-exploitation of the resource base, followed by an intensification of agricultural wetland use. We aim on translating, transferring and upscaling knowledge on experimental test-site wetland properties, small-scale hydrological processes, and water relate

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Fenicia, F., D. P. Solomatine, H. H. G. Savenije, and P. Matgen. "Soft combination of local models in a multi-objective framework." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 4, no. 1 (2007): 91–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-4-91-2007.

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Abstract. Conceptual hydrologic models are useful tools as they provide an interpretable representation of the hydrologic behaviour of a catchment. Their representation of catchment's hydrological processes and physical characteristics, however, implies simplification of the complexity and heterogeneity of reality. As a result, those models often show a lack of flexibility in reproducing the vast spectrum of catchment responses. Hence, the accuracy in reproducing certain aspects of the system behaviour is often paid in terms of a lack of accuracy in the representation of other aspects. By ackn

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Blöschl, G., A. P. Blaschke, M. Broer, et al. "The Hydrological Open Air Laboratory (HOAL) in Petzenkirchen: a hypothesis-driven observatory." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 1 (2016): 227–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-227-2016.

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Abstract. Hydrological observatories bear a lot of resemblance to the more traditional research catchment concept, but tend to differ in providing more long-term facilities that transcend the lifetime of individual projects, are more strongly geared towards performing interdisciplinary research, and are often designed as networks to assist in performing collaborative science. This paper illustrates how the experimental and monitoring set-up of an observatory, the 66 ha Hydrological Open Air Laboratory (HOAL) in Petzenkirchen, Lower Austria, has been established in a way that allows meaningful

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Blöschl, G., A. P. Blaschke, M. Broer, et al. "The Hydrological Open Air Laboratory (HOAL) in Petzenkirchen: a hypotheses driven observatory." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 7 (2015): 6683–753. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-6683-2015.

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Abstract. Hydrological observatories bear a lot of resemblance to the more traditional research catchment concept but tend to differ in providing more long term facilities that transcend the lifetime of individual projects, are more strongly geared towards performing interdisciplinary research, and are often designed as networks to assist in performing collaborative science. This paper illustrates how the experimental and monitoring setup of an observatory, the 66 ha Hydrological Open Air Laboratory (HOAL) in Petzenkirchen, Lower Austria, has been established in a way that allows meaningful hy

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