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Ono, Yoko. Grapefruit: A book of instructions & drawings. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000.
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The construction of drawings and movies: New models for architectural design and analysis. New York: Routledge, 2012.
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Rijn, Rembrandt Harmenszoon van. Rembrandt: Experimental etcher. New York: Hacker Art Books, 1988.
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Newman, Theresa. Young children and their drawings: An experimental study. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1995.
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Press, Smart Art, ed. Think thought think: One drawing experiment book. Santa Monica, Calif: Smart Art Press, 1998.
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Johnson, Robin. What do we know now? Drawing conclusions and answering the question. New York: Crabtree Pub., 2010.
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Johnson, Robin. What do we know now? Drawing conclusions and answering the question. New York: Crabtree Pub., 2010.
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Steven, Heller. Letterforms, bawdy, bad & beautiful: The evolution of hand-drawn, humorous, vernacular, and experimental type. New York: Watson-Guptill, 2000.
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Klimenko, Irina, Nikolay Kozlov, Sergey Kostenko, Anastasia Shamustakimova, and Yulian Mavlyutov. Identification and certification of forage grasses (meadow clover, alfalfa, sowing and hop) based on DNA markers. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/978-5-6043194-9-9.
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A technology has been developed for DNA identification and certification of varieties of meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.), alfalfa (Medicago varia Mart.), Sowing (M. sativa L.) and hop (M. lupuli-na L.) based on molecular analysis with using SSR and SRAP markers. The recommendations contain a description of the sequence of experiments and protocols for DNA typing procedures. The presented methods were developed by the authors on the basis of their own experimental research and using the data available in the literature. A characteristic of informative primers for each marking system is given, a set of DNA identification markers is proposed, and unique molecular genetic formulas of varieties are drawn up as the basis for a reference genetic passport. Methodological recommendations were prepared with the aim of mastering the technology of DNA certification of forage grasses in practice. Designed for managers and specialists of research and control laboratories, can serve as a textbook for students and postgraduates in specialized specialties.
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Weiss, Martin. Showcasing Science. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462982246.
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Teylers Museum was founded in 1784 and soon thereafter became one of the most important centres of Dutch science. The Museum’s first director, Martinus van Marum, famously had the world’s largest electrostatic generator built and set up in Haarlem. This subsequently became the most prominent item in the Museum’s world-class, publicly accessible, and constantly growing collections. These comprised scientific instruments, mineralogical and palaeontological specimens, prints, drawings, paintings, and coins. Van Marum’s successors continued to uphold the institution’s prestige and use the collections for research purposes, while it was increasingly perceived as an art museum by the public. In the early twentieth century, the Nobel Prize laureate Hendrik Antoon Lorentz was appointed head of the scientific instrument collection and conducted experiments on the Museum’s premises. Showcasing Science: A History of Teylers Museum in the Nineteenth Century charts the history of Teylers Museum from its inception until Lorentz’ tenure. From the vantage point of the Museum’s scientific instrument collection, this book gives an analysis of the changing public role of Teylers Museum over the course of the nineteenth century.
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Küssner, Mats B. Shape, drawing and gesture. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199351411.003.0004.
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This chapter provides a critical overview of how people map sound features and musical excerpts onto the visual, visuo-spatial and kinaesthetic domains. Starting with a brief discussion of why cross-modal correspondences may exist in the first place, the chapter illuminates the rationale of traditional paradigms in experimental psychology before highlighting the revelatory potential of cross-modal drawing and gesture studies, both with children and adults. The influence of personal factors such as musical training as well as experimental factors pertaining to the type of stimulus, setting, instruction and task are highlighted and considerations for future experiments within the embodied cognition research programme are provided. It is concluded that studying systematically the perceived shapes of sound and music by means of drawings and gestures is an overdue step towards understanding linear and spatial aspects of human musical experience.
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Sommers, Peter Van. Drawing and Cognition: Descriptive and Experimental Studies of Graphic Production Processes. Cambridge University Press, 2009.
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Thomas, Susan. Experimental Alternatives. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842741.003.0003.
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In 1969 the director of Cuba’s film institute, Alfredo Guevara, founded a musical collective whose official purpose was to provide film music for Cuba’s vibrant and experimental new socialist cinema. The resulting Grupo de Experimentación Sonora represented something of a “rescue mission” for artists who for reasons political, aesthetic, or of personality found themselves on the margins of increasingly conservative and restrictive state-run cultural institutions. Under the direction of composer Leo Brouwer, the Grupo incorporated musicians who became some of the Revolution’s most renowned artists. Brouwer declared that the primary mission of the Grupo was not to create film music but “to transform the repertoire of Cuban popular music to the best of our abilities.” The Grupo merged discourses of the artistic avant-garde with those of revolutionary praxis and in doing so, positioned their sonic experiments both aesthetically and politically. The Grupo has had a marked impact on later groups who also struggled on the margins of state institutions. Drawing overt references to the Grupo and appropriating similar avant-garde rhetoric, collectives such as Habana Abierta and Interactivo promoted a new musical and social “revolution from within,” one that advocated from the margins of official discourse for a radically new transnational model of Cuban citizenship and civic participation.
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(Editor), Lara Stapleton, and Veronica Gonzalez (Editor), eds. Juncture: 25 Very Good Stories and 12 Excellent Drawings. Soft Skull Press, 2003.
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Lara, Stapleton, and González Verónica, eds. Juncture: 25 very good stories and 12 excellent drawings. Brooklyn, NY: Soft Skull Press, 2003.
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Platte, Nathan. From the Ranch to the Drawing Room. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199371112.003.0012.
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In story and production, Duel in the Sun and The Paradine Case have little in common, but it is precisely their contrasts that show how music served both a more elaborate and experimental function in Selznick’s postwar films. For Duel, Selznick construed a genre-bending western of operatic proportions, striving for “an equivalent of [Wagner’s] Tristan.” Inspired and intimidated by the comparison, composer Dimitri Tiomkin churned out music, much of it rejected. From film to soundtrack album, Tiomkin relied upon choral director Jester Hairston and editor Audray Granville to realize the film’s musical program. As Selznick conceded, The Paradine Case sought to make amends for Duel’s lapses of taste. In this emotionally chilled mystery of a piano-playing murder suspect, Franz Waxman’s music both conceals and discloses characters’ motivations. In adapting musical scenes from the source novel for the screen, Selznick and Hitchcock cast music as the hinge upon which deception swings.
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Feest, Uljana, and Friedrich Steinle. Experiment. Edited by Paul Humphreys. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199368815.013.16.
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The authors provide an overview of philosophical discussions about the roles of experiment in science. First, they cover two approaches that took shape under the heading of “new experimentalism” in the 1980s and 1990s. One approach was primarily concerned with questions about entity realism, robustness, and epistemological strategies. The other has focused on exploratory experiments and the dynamic processes of experimental research as such, highlighting its iterative nature and drawing out the ways in which such research is grounded in experimental systems, concepts and operational definitions. Second, the authors look at more recent philosophical work on the epistemology of causal inference, in particular highlighting discussions in the philosophy of the behavioral and social sciences, concerning the extrapolation from laboratory contexts to the world.
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Newcomb, Lori Humphrey. Cross-Sections (2). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199580033.003.0004.
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This chapter looks at Elizabethan prose fiction. Once combed mainly for formal features that might presage the novel, Elizabethan prose fiction is today appreciated for its own distinctive energy and heterogeneity. However, prose fiction in the sixteenth century still was largely an experimental genre. For writers willing to move beyond set forms, prose narrative offered new freedoms to enhance the status of English letters while drawing freely on Continental sources, to develop prose style while incorporating verse elements, to claim usefulness while indulging writerly and readerly pleasure, and to vaunt exclusivity while driving the expansion of the leisure-reading audience. Above all, fiction was the genre in which writers could best experiment with ways to reconcile literary ambition and unapologetic commercialism.
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Geertz, Armin W. Cognitive Science. Edited by Michael Stausberg and Steven Engler. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198729570.013.7.
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The cognitive revolution reinstated the mind as a central unit of empirical and theoretical analysis and inspired the cognitive science of religion (CSR), which attempted to explain symbolic-cultural systems in terms of innate cognitive constraints. There is an ongoing debate on whether cognition is simply individual mental representations or broader interactions of minds in bodies negotiating natural and social environments. CSR produced significant foundational hypotheses during the 1990s, but it is an open question whether these hypotheses constitute ‘explanations.’ There are at present five significant new directions in CSR, namely neuropsychology, experimental science of religion, field experiments, history, and big data. CSR is an ever-expanding field of inquiry drawing on the methodologies of the natural and social sciences and using new methods and technologies to answer age-old questions about consciousness, culture, social behavior, and religion. In this sense it is crucial to the comparative study of religion.
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Duve, Thomas. Spatial Perceptions, Juridical Practices, and Early International Legal Thought around 1500. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198768586.003.0021.
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This chapter surveys the legal practice of drawing demarcation lines between 1479 and 1529 and illustrates that considering the changing knowledge about space is an important element for writing the history of international law. Important advances in cartography and changing spatial perceptions around 1500 clearly impacted international legal thought. The practice of drawing demarcation lines around 1500 can be understood as a blending of traditional practices, empirical observations, and new scientific knowledge. What has been called a ‘rationalization of space’ was a complex and slow process that built upon tradition, and existing practices and went hand in hand with explorations and experimental knowledge-creation by measurements.
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Steinmo, Sven H., ed. The Leap of Faith. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796817.001.0001.
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This book examines the evolution of the relationship between taxpayers and their states in Sweden, Italy, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Romania, and asks why tax compliance is so much higher in some countries than others. The book shows that successful states have built strong administrative capacities, tax citizens fairly and equitably, and deliver public services that are tangible to taxpayers. The main substantive chapters explore the history of a particular country demonstrating how and why these capacities were developed (or not). The book is part of a larger project entitled “Willing to Pay?” which brings together historical institutional analysis with experimental methods. A series of articles as well as a subsequent book elaborate the specific findings from the experiments undertaken in each country. These experiments, however, cannot tell us why compliance behavior differs so much across societies. The Leap of Faith offers just such an explanation by showing the history of the relationship between taxpayers and their states over time in several countries, allowing an answer to the question: Why are some countries more successful at implementation than others? The book concludes with a policy-oriented chapter written specifically with tax and revenue administrators in the developing world in mind. Drawing on lessons from the historical chapters it is argued that effective administration and equitable distribution of both taxes and public spending are keys to generating taxpayer consent.
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Yunhwa Rao, Nancy. Epilogue. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040566.003.0014.
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Drawing from the author’s family history, the epilogue discusses how opera culture could permeate different social classes, accompany dislocation of personal root, and be felt in communities near and far. It also traces the impact of Chinatown theaters on the roaring twenties of the United Staete, the use of instruments in jazz, and to the rise of certain branch of American experimental music in the 20th century, as well as the manifestiation in Chinese American cinema and literature.
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Ravn, Morten, Vibeke Bischoff, Anton Englert, and Søren Nielsen. Recent Advances in Post-excavation Documentation, Reconstruction, and Experimental Maritime Archaeology. Edited by Ben Ford, Donny L. Hamilton, and Alexis Catsambis. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199336005.013.0010.
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This article provides a description of advances in post-excavation documentation and reconstruction. Experimental maritime archaeology is multidisciplinary by nature. The path from wreck to reconstruction begins with the documentation of hull remains and progresses to the building of a reconstruction scale model. In order to develop documentation methods that are accurate and efficient in recording artifacts objectively, the hand-drawn recording of archaeological ship timbers is being replaced by digital recording. The standards for this archaeological interpretation are defined in collaboration between those conducting the documentation and those building the reconstruction. This article describes the procedure of building a scale model and generating drawings, which helps in reconstruction of the ship. Building full-scale reconstructions is a component of the experimental analysis of archaeologically recorded shipwrecks. Sailing trials are an important component of the experimental analysis of ship-finds and are an empirical way of reconstructing the transport conditions of the past.
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Engstrom, Eric J. On attitudes toward philosophy and psychology in German psychiatry, 1867–1917. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198725978.003.0017.
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Chapter 17 examines the disciplinary threshold between psychiatry, philosophy, and psychology in late nineteenth-century Germany. It begins with a brief sketch of the post-Hegelian crisis before drawing on the work of several protagonists (Wilhelm Wundt, Emil Kraepelin, and Theodor Ziehen) to explore how that crisis influenced psychiatry, and then how they interpreted the relationship between psychiatry and philosophy, discussing some of the exchanges that transpired across the disciplinary threshold, and illustrating how these exchanges shaped the development of psychiatry. Specifically, it argues that much of Kraepelin’s early research encountered a well-entrenched, antimetaphysical bias within his profession, and how he (among many others) drew on experimental methods developed in the neighboring fields of philosophy and psychology in order to introduce new psychological dimensions into the overwhelmingly neuropsychiatric research paradigms of his day. Although remembered mainly for his contributions to the history of so-called biological psychiatry, Kraepelin’s career and research were initially inspired by the methods and promise of early Wundtian experimental psychology.
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Baz, Avner. The Crisis of Method in Contemporary Analytic Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801887.001.0001.
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The book presents a critique of what has come to be called “the method of cases”—theorizing on the basis of the “application” of words to cases—as well as of the recent debates between “armchair” and “experimental” philosophers concerning that method. It argues that the method of cases as commonly practiced by both armchair and experimental philosophers is underwritten by a “representationalist” conception of language that is philosophically challengeable and empirically poorly supported—a conception on which the primary function of language is to record and communicate “classifications” or “categorizations” of worldly “items,” or “cases”, where what, if any, classifications a word (or expression) is fit to record and communicate, is taken to be determinable apart from any consideration of how it normally and ordinarily functions in discourse. The first part of the book shows that both defenders of the method (Williamson, Cappelen, Jackson, Nagel, and others) and those who have been critical of it (Stich, Cummins, Weinberg, Nado, and others), together with all practitioners of the method—armchair and experimental alike—have shown themselves committed to some version or another of that conception. The second part of the book challenges that conception. Drawing on ideas of Wittgenstein’s and of Merleau-Ponty’s, as well as on empirical studies of first language acquisition, it presents and motivates, both philosophically and empirically, a broadly pragmatist conception of language on which the method of cases as commonly practiced by both armchair and experimental philosophers is fundamentally misguided and bound to lead us astray.
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Mee, Sharon Jane. The Pulse in Cinema. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474475846.001.0001.
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This book builds on Jean-François Lyotard’s concept of the dispositif, Gilles Deleuze’s work on sensation and Georges Bataille’s economic theory to conceptualise a pulse in cinema. Its aim is to rethink the affective force and economy of film spectatorship better understood by Lyotard’s concept of the dispositif than the formulation of the cinematic apparatus of 1970s film theory. The dispositif recognises the distribution of the pulse – the force of intensities in the body of the spectator and in the image – in terms of an energetic exchange and expenditure. Charting prototypes of the pulse in cinema’s rhythmic forms through Étienne-Jules Marey’s protocinematic experiments from the nineteenth-century and experimental film from the twentieth-century, the book goes on to advance a theory of the pulse in an analysis of body horror films such as Georges Franju’s Le Sang des bêtes/Blood of the Beasts (1949), William Castle’s The Tingler (1959), George A. Romero’s Dawn of the Dead (1978), Lucio Fulci’s L’aldilà/The Beyond (1981), and Andrzej Żuławski’s Possession (1981). Drawing on ideas of movement, intensity and expenditure, this book argues that blood in the images of body horror films has the unseen intensity of vectors of the pulse. It contends that what the pulse communicates is affect.
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Vigdor, Steven E. The Dark Side. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814825.003.0006.
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Chapter 6 deals with the remaining mysteries in cosmology—dark matter, dark energy, and inflationary expansion—and the experiments aimed at solving them. It reviews the evidence for dark matter, and experiments to detect the microscopic particles proposed as its constituents: weakly interacting massive particles and invisible axions. Contrasts are drawn between the failure to understand the scale of dark energy theoretically and the ambitious new survey telescopes, such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (or LSST), that aim to constrain its equation of state. The theoretical concepts and possible experimental signatures of cosmic inflation are described. Searches for possible imprints from primordial inflation-induced gravitational waves on the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB polarization) are discussed in the context of the pioneering first detection by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (or LIGO) of gravitational waves from distant black-hole mergers. Philosophical questions regarding the falsifiability of inflation are raised.
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De Souza, Jonathan. Voluntary Self-Sabotage. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190271114.003.0005.
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When musicians alter their instruments, they may open up new sonic possibilities. Yet instrumental alteration can also induce dynamic remapping of players’ auditory-motor associations, subverting habitual connections between performative action and sonic effect. Instrumental alteration, at this level, affects players’ perception. This chapter considers experimental research on altered auditory feedback in instrumental performance, then turns to a series of case studies related to guitar improvisation. It distinguishes between three kinds of instrumental alteration—retuning, preparation, and redesign—that affect action-sound coupling and instrumental space in different ways. Drawing on Emmanuel Levinas’s phenomenological reflections on touch, the chapter ultimately argues that the remapping stimulated by instrumental alteration reveals forms of aesthetic or sensual contact with instruments.
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Simonett, Helena. From Old World to New Shores. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037207.003.0002.
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This chapter presents a brief history of the accordion, from its experimental beginning in the early nineteenth century to its phenomenal rise as a truly global commodity, emphasizing the social predicament that relegated this instrument to a marginal position within the (educated) musical world. While the accordion at first was an expensive and hence exclusive instrument in upper-class drawing rooms, by the last quarter of the nineteenth century it had spread to the middle and working classes. The accordion of the nineteenth century was a symbol of progress and modernity as well as of mass culture and industrialization. This dichotomy is one of the reasons for the elite's ambivalence towards and uneasiness with the accordion.
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Heile, Björn. Toward a Theory of Experimental Music Theatre. Edited by Yael Kaduri. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199841547.013.001.
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Although recent years have seen the emergence of sustained research on experimental music theater, most of this is largely of a descriptive nature. To address the shortcomings of such approaches, this chapter outlines a theory of experimental music theater based on a clear definition and a number of constitutive features. A number of theoretical terms from the fields of performance theory and theater practice are introduced, namely “showing doing” (Richard Schechner), “non-matrixed performance” and “non-matrixed representation” (Michael Kirby), and “metaxis” (Augusto Boal). The analytical effectiveness of this theoretical framework is demonstrated by discussion of case studies drawn both from the “classics” of experimental music theater (John Cage, Mauricio Kagel) and from recent work (Christopher Fox, David Bithell, Trond Reinholdtsen).
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Huang, Minyao, Jiranthara Srioutai, and Mélanie Gréaux. Charting the speaker-relatedness of impersonal pronouns. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786658.003.0007.
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Impersonal pronouns have been claimed to express generic reference that possesses a special connection to the speaker in unembedded contexts. Drawing on cross-linguistic data and new experimental findings, the authors propose a novel typology to capture the range of speaker-related interpretations associated with impersonal pronouns, and put forward a contextualist semantics that explicates the proposed typology. Contrastive evidence from English, French, and Thai will testify that the uses of comparable impersonal forms in these languages allow two dimensions of variation, pertaining to speaker/non-speaker reference and generalization/non-generalization. These variations are further construed as two dimensions of contextual development—at the levels of content and force—of an unspecified, merely generic meaning of the impersonal pronoun.
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Burt, Ramsay. Blasting Out of the Past. Edited by Mark Franko. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199314201.013.17.
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This chapter analyzes three reenactments by the Slovenian director Janez Janša, two reconstructions of experimental performances made under communism in Ljubljana during the late 1960s and early 1970s by poets and performers associated with the Pupilija group, and one which subversively reappropriates canonical contemporary dance works from the United States, Germany, and Japan. The two earlier works, it argues, interrogate the utopian ideals espoused by the communist partisans who freed Yugoslavia from German occupation during World War II. It develops a framework for this analysis by drawing on Walter Benjamin’s discussion of the philosophy of history and on Michel de Certeau’s work on memory and the everyday. It places the three reconstructions in their social, historical, and political context and evaluates their meanings in relation to misperceptions about art in post-communist countries.
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Newman, William. Newton the Alchemist. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691174877.001.0001.
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When Isaac Newton's alchemical papers surfaced at a Sotheby's auction in 1936, the quantity and seeming incoherence of the manuscripts were shocking. No longer the exemplar of Enlightenment rationality, the legendary physicist suddenly became “the last of the magicians.” This book unlocks the secrets of Newton's alchemical quest, providing a radically new understanding of the uncommon genius who probed nature at its deepest levels in pursuit of empirical knowledge. The book blends in-depth analysis of newly available texts with laboratory replications of Newton's actual experiments in alchemy. It does not justify Newton's alchemical research as part of a religious search for God in the physical world, nor does it argue that Newton studied alchemy to learn about gravitational attraction. The book traces the evolution of Newton's alchemical ideas and practices over a span of more than three decades, showing how they proved fruitful in diverse scientific fields. A precise experimenter in the realm of “chymistry,” Newton put the riddles of alchemy to the test in his lab. He also used ideas drawn from the alchemical texts to great effect in his optical experimentation. In his hands, alchemy was a tool for attaining the material benefits associated with the philosopher's stone and an instrument for acquiring scientific knowledge of the most sophisticated kind. The book provides rare insights into a man who was neither Enlightenment rationalist nor irrational magus, but rather an alchemist who sought through experiment and empiricism to alter nature at its very heart.
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May, Joshua. The Difficulty of Moral Knowledge. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811572.003.0005.
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While empirical debunking arguments fail to support wide-ranging moral skepticism, there are more modest threats to moral knowledge. First, debunking arguments are more successful if highly selective, targeting specific sets of moral beliefs that experimental research reveals to be distinguished for morally irrelevant reasons (thus flouting consistency reasoning). Second, the science of political disagreement suggests that many ordinary people can’t claim to know what they believe about controversial moral issues. Drawing on moral foundations theory, the best examples come from disagreements between liberals and conservatives within a culture. Controversial moral beliefs at least are disputed by what one should regard as epistemic peers, at least because others are just as likely to be wrong, even if not right, due to cognitive biases that affect proponents of all ideologies, such as motivated reasoning. Still, both of these empirical threats to moral knowledge are limited.
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Sandell, Richard, Jocelyn Dodd, and Ceri Jones. Trading Zones. Edited by Paula Hamilton and James B. Gardner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766024.013.4.
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Because of the determined efforts of disability activists, public historians, and other scholars, the hidden history of disabled people is emerging in the public sphere. Although museums and other cultural institutions hold wide-ranging material in their collections that links to the lives of disabled people, its significance is often underresearched and poorly understood. Although disabled people desire greater visibility, like other groups who have been marginalized or misrepresented, they also want to be involved in the process and empowered to make decisions about their representation. Drawing on insights from research and experimental practice, we suggest that the idea of the “trading zone,” the creation of a space of exchange for collaborative and equitable dialogue, provides a way forward for disabled people to make their voices heard in the museum and for museum staff to confront and develop new ways of incorporating disability history into their collections and displays.
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Cheon, Hyundeuk, and Edouard Machery. Scientific Concepts. Edited by Paul Humphreys. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199368815.013.9.
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This chapter describes three different approaches to the philosophical study of concepts: The semantic approach, which is concerned with the semantic content of scientific concepts, the cognitive approach, which views scientific concepts as psychological entities and brings the psychological research on lay concepts to bear on theorizing about them, and the experimental approach that brings experimental tools drawn from psychology or sociology to the study of scientific concepts. The authors express doubts about the prospects of the semantic approach, illustrate the importance of taking into account the complexities of the psychology of concepts for the cognitive approach, and defend the experimental approach.
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Vigdor, Steven E. Thank Heaven for Little Flaws. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814825.003.0001.
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Chapter 1 introduces central themes of the book by dealing with the importance of symmetry principles in physics and of small symmetry violations (or “flaws”) in establishing conditions for life. It provides a visual analog of the combined symmetries of parity (P) and charge conjugation (C) via a drawing by M.C. Escher. Escher’s signature represents a small imperfection in the drawing’s otherwise nearly perfect symmetry, inspiring the book’s title. This chapter argues that a well-tuned violation of the combined CP symmetry (i.e., a CP violation) is necessary to establish a preference for matter over antimatter (i.e., matter–antimatter asymmetry), while still allowing for a long-lived universe that resists gravitational collapse. The chapter establishes the book’s focus on the intricate tapestry of inventive experiments physicists are pursuing to expose and quantify the extent of these tiny flaws.
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Machery, Edouard. Eight Defenses of the Method of Cases. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807520.003.0006.
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Chapter 5 examines eight different ways of defending the method of cases against Unreliability, Dogmatism, and Parochialism, and finds them wanting. It defends the experimental bona fides of experimental philosophy, provides evidence that reflective judgments do not differ from the judgments reported by experimental philosophers, shows that philosophers are not expert judgers, explains why their findings generalize beyond the cases that have been examined, argues that the lesson to be drawn from experimental philosophy can’t just be that judgments are fallible, explains why the prospects for a reform of the method of cases are dim, makes the point that Unreliability, Dogmatism, and Parochialism do not rest on a mischaracterization of the use of cases in philosophy, and defuses the threat that if sound these three arguments would justify an unacceptable general skepticism about judgment.
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Birtwistle, Andy. Meaning and Musicality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190469894.003.0009.
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The chapter critically reappraises the work of the British experimental filmmaker John Smith, drawing on analyses of key films and interview material to explore his use of sound, music and voice. Smith’s films often engage self-reflexively with how sound creates or accepts meaning within an audiovisual context. Influenced by structural film practice of the 1960s and 1970s, and underpinned by a Brechtian concern with the politics of representation, Smith’s often humorous work both foregrounds and deconstructs the sound-image relations at work in dominant modes of cinematic representation. This analysis of Smith’s work identifies the political dynamic of the filmmaker’s use of sound, and addresses what is at stake—for both Smith and his audience—in the self-reflexive concern with audiovisual modes of representation. Examined within this context are Smith’s creative focus on the production of meaning and how this relates to aspects of musicality and abstraction in his work.
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Morris, Pam. Conclusion. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474419130.003.0008.
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The foregoing chapters trace a profound literary response to a redistribution of the perceptible, a socio-cultural turning away from the tangible experience of existence to forms of abstraction. Drawing upon eighteenth-century empiricism, both Austen and Woolf oppose individualism and regimes that assert mind over matter. Disembodiment of experience, they show, veils our shared creaturely existence, awareness of which underpins the common life and fellowship. For both writers, embodied self, things, others, culture, and physical universe are inseparable from the compound existence that is life. Things constitute self, a shared world and the infrastructure of national and global reality. Neither Austen nor Woolf is revolutionary; they do not seek a redistribution of wealth or the social order. They articulate a redistribution of the perceptible. The experimental worldly realism, they practice, especially the innovative use of focalisation, evokes horizontal, mutually determining relationships between embodied people, things social and physical universes, an egalitarian writerly space in which potentially nothing is mute or invisible.
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Revolution eyes: An exhibition of silkscreen prints, lithographs, etchings, colografia and drawings from El Taller Experimental Grafica de LaHabana. London, 1989.
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Zolf, Rachel. No One's Witness. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478021551.
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In No One's Witness Rachel Zolf activates the last three lines of a poem by Jewish Nazi holocaust survivor Paul Celan—“No one / bears witness for the / witness”—to theorize the poetics and im/possibility of witnessing. Drawing on black studies, continental philosophy, queer theory, experimental poetics, and work by several writers and artists, Zolf asks what it means to witness from the excessive, incalculable position of No One. In a fragmentary and recursive style that enacts the monstrous speech it pursues, No One's Witness demonstrates the necessity of confronting the Nazi holocaust in relation to transatlantic slavery and its afterlives. Thinking along with black feminist theory's notions of entangled swarm, field, plenum, chorus, No One's Witness interrogates the limits and thresholds of witnessing, its dangerous perhaps. No One operates outside the bounds of the sovereign individual, hauntologically informed by the fleshly no-thingness that has been historically ascribed to blackness and that blackness enacts within, apposite to, and beyond the No One. No One bears witness to becomings beyond comprehension, making and unmaking monstrous forms of entangled future anterior life.
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Fishkin, James S. Reimagining Democratic Possibilities. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820291.003.0004.
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Consider four main arguments against applications of deliberative democracy—domination by the more advantaged, polarization, lack of citizen competence, and the gap between mini-publics and the broader society. We consider why these problems seem intractable according to the political theory literature. Drawing on the case studies in Part III, we show that these challenges can be overcome. Thought experiments for deliberation are considered, drawing on work from John Rawls and Jürgen Habermas. The argument for applied deliberative democracy, as in Deliberative Polling, is developed. “Deliberative systems,” where deliberation enters a democratic decision process at one point or another, are discussed. Topics include reform of the US presidential selection process, commissions within specific issue domains such as the Texas utility experience, the Japanese use of Deliberative Polling, and the use of Deliberation Day. The issue of constitutional change is also discussed, drawing on the recent Deliberative Poll in Mongolia.
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Maruna, Shadd. Beyond Recidivism. Edited by Andrea Leverentz, Elsa Y. Chen, and Johnna Christian. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479862726.001.0001.
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Although there are some indicators of a recent deceleration, and even, in some states, reversal, of the recent growth of the US incarcerated populations, the past few decades of “tough-on-crime” policies have resulted in the incarceration of millions of individuals. An inevitable consequence is that most imprisoned individuals are released, reentering society. Research about prisoner reentry has advanced significantly across fields in the last decade, with improved data collection, expanded questions, and policy relevance. This volume highlights some of this work, from a multidisciplinary group of scholars. While all of the chapters address questions related to incarceration and its consequences, they draw on and reflect deeply social and political issues that are likely to be of interest to a wide range of readers. Authors come from political science, sociology, criminology and criminal justice, and public policy. They also incorporate a range of methodological perspectives and methods, from ethnography to experimental designs, with several chapters drawing on mixed methods. In addition to the empirical analyses, the volume also provides a road map of where to go next in researching criminal justice policies and their consequences and in developing effective policies.
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Ferreira, Ines A., Rachel M. Gisselquist, and Finn Tarp. On the impact of inequality on growth, human development, and governance. 34th ed. UNU-WIDER, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2021/972-3.
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Countering recent rises in many countries of inequality in income and wealth is widely recognized as a major development challenge. This is so from an ethical perspective and because greater inequality is perceived to be detrimental to key development aims. Still, an informed debate on the effects of inequality requires clear evidence. This review contributes to the literature by taking stock and providing an overview of current knowledge of the impact of income inequality on three important outcomes: economic growth, health and education as two dimensions of human development, and governance, with a focus on democracy. Drawing on the insights from different disciplines and considering recent work, it reveals that existing evidence provides somewhat mixed results and argues for a need for further in-depth empirical work. It also points to explanations for the lack of consensus embedded in data quality and availability, measurement issues, and the shortcomings of the different methods employed. Finally, we point to promising future research avenues relying on experimental work for micro level analysis, more region- and country-specific studies, and reiterate the need for improvements in the availability and reliability of data.
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guan, Guangdong mei shu, and Shenzhen mei shu guan, eds. Jin ru du shi: Dang dai shui mo shi yan zhuan ti ji = Urban impression : a collection of contemporary experimental inkwash drawings. [Nanning Shi]: Guangxi mei shu chu ban she, 1999.
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Fontinell, Eugene. Self, God and Immortality. Fordham University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823220700.001.0001.
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Can we, who have been touched by the scientific, intellectual, and experimental revolutions of modern and contemporary times, still believe that we as individual persons are immortal? Indeed, is there even good cause to hope that we are? In examining the present relationship of reason to faith, can we find justifying reasons for faith? These are the central questions in this book, a compelling exercise in philosophical theology. Drawing upon the works of William James and the principles of American Pragmatism, the book extrapolates carefully from “data given in experience” to a model of the cosmic process open to the idea that individual identity may survive bodily dissolution. Presupposing that the possibility of personal immortality has been established in the first part, the second part of the book is concerned with desirability. Here, it is shown that, far from diverting attention and energies from the crucial tasks confronting us here and now, such belief can be energizing and life enhancing. The wider importance of the book lies in its pressing both immortality-believers and terminality-believers to explore both the metaphysical presuppositions and the lived consequences of their beliefs. It is the author's expressed hope that such explorations, rather than impeding, will stimulate co-operative efforts to create a richer and more humane community.