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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Experimental volcanism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Renggli, Christian Josef. "Volcanic gases and the reaction of sulfur dioxide with aluminosilicate glasses." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147744.

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Volcanic gases are an important part of the volatile cycle in active planetary systems and contribute significantly to the mobilization and transport of metals to planetary surfaces. On Earth, Venus, Mars and Io, SO2 is the most abundant corrosive species in volcanic gases, and basalts are ubiquitous on these planetary bodies. The reaction between SO2 and silicate rocks forms oxidized sulfate and reduced sulfide. This reaction is a key process in the formation of porphyry deposits. In volcanic eruption plumes SO2 reacts with volcanic ash and is scavenged

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2

Iacovino, Kayla. "An unexpected journey : experimental insights into magma and volatile transport beneath Erebus volcano, Antarctica." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245333.

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Erebus is a well-studied open-vent volcano located on Ross Island, Antarctica (77◦ 32’ S, 167◦ 10’ E). The volcano is the focus of ongoing research aimed at combining petrologic data and experiments with surface gas observations in order to interpret degassing histories and the role of volatiles in magma differentiation, redox evolution, and eruptive style. This research focus has been driven in part by an abundance of studies on various aspects of the Erebus system, such as physical volcanology, gas chemistry, petrology, melt inclusion research, seismic, and more. Despite this large data set,

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3

García, Pérez Olaya. "The explosive volcanism of Teide-Pico Viejo volcanic complex, Canary Island." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/130923.

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The explosive events in Teide Pico Viejo (TPV) complex in Tenerife Island (Spain) have traditionally been restricted to the subplinian eruption of Montaña Blanca, which occurred about 2000 years ago. A recent revision of the stratigraphy of TPV shows that phonolitic explosive activity has been significant during the Holocene, with several distinct episodes related to eruptions ranging from Strombolian to sub-plinian. Using field, mineralogical and geochemical stratigraphic correlations, we have identified 11 phonolitic explosive eruptions related to the satellite domes present all around TPV

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4

Penlou, Baptiste. "Étude expérimentale des écoulements gaz-particules en contexte de fontaine pyroclastique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UCFA0159.

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Les colonnes pyroclastiques se forment lors d'éruptions volcaniques explosives au cours desquelles un mélange de gaz et de particules est éjecté à grande vitesse depuis un évent et peut conduire à la formation de panaches convectifs. La stabilité de ces colonnes dépend de divers paramètres qui peuvent varier au cours du temps et causer l'effondrement partiel ou total du mélange pyroclastique. Ces effondrements donnent naissance à des fontaines éruptives à l'origine de courants de densité pyroclastiques (CDPs). L'objectif de cette thèse est double : étudier (1) les mécanismes de sédimentation d

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5

Leon-Dasi, Mireia. "Le volcanisme explosif sur Mercure à travers la télédétection, les études de laboratoire et l'apprentissage profond en appui à la mission BepiColombo." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UPSLO003.

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Les missions d'exploration de Mercure ont révélé une surface volcanique façonnée au fil du temps par les interactions avec l'environnement spatial. Une des découvertes les plus importantes et inattendues a été l'identification des morphologies de cheminées volcaniques et des dépôts environnants, interprétés comme des produits d'un volcanisme explosif. Cela prouve une accumulation de volatils dans l'intérieur de la planète, ce qui remet en question les modèles antérieurs de sa formation. Cette recherche explore le volcanisme explosif sur Mercure en utilisant les observations spectroscopiques, l

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Meletlidis, Tsiogalos Stavros. "Eruptive dynamics and petrological evolution of recent volcanism on the El Hierro Island : Implications for volcanic hazard assessment." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461582.

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The Canarian archipelago, extends over approximately 500 km in total along the passive continental margin off NW Africa, comprises seven major and four minor islands, and it is part of the so called Macaronesia region, together with the archipelagos of Azores, Madeira, Salvajes and Cape Verde. Within the oceanic geodynamic context, the Canary archipelago is located on oceanic crust of the big African plate, specifically upon the passive continental margin, with thickness exceeding 20 km. It is a good example of oceanic intraplate alkaline volcanism. According the radioisotopic data available

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7

Bartolini, Stefania. "Volcanic hazard assessment in monogenetic volcanic fields." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284845.

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One of the most important tasks of modern volcanology, which represents a significant socio-economic implication, is to conduct hazard assessment in active volcanic systems. These volcanological studies are aimed at hazard that allows to constructing hazard maps and simulating different eruptive scenarios, and are mainly addressed to contribute to territorial planning, definition of emergency plans or managing volcanic crisis. The impact of a natural event, as a volcanic eruption, can significantly affect human life, property, infrastructures, and the environment. Long periods of quiescence ar

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Pedrazzi, Dario. "Hydrmagmatic monogenetic volcanism in continental and oceanic island enronments." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/229382.

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Monogenetic volcanism is characterized by a large diversity of eruptive styles, morphologies and deposits. Monogenetic landforms are the result of a complex merging of internal (magma composition, vesiculation) and external (geological setting, fracturation, hydrogeology, substrate stratigraphy, etc) parameters that govern the physics of the eruptions. Changes in these parameters may cause variations in the eruption style several times during the course of such short-lived volcanoes. Monogenetic volcanoes may form in any type of geological environment with scoria cones being the most common vo

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9

Albert, Mínguez Helena. "Processes, time scales and unrest of monogenetic volcanism." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/334689.

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Seismic, deformation, and gas activity (unrest) typically precedes volcanic eruptions. Successful volcanic event forecasting depends on the quality of the surveillance network for detecting any changes in volcano behaviour. To interpret the geochemical and geophysical precursors correctly it is important to understand the volcanic processes that occur prior and during volcanic eruptions. Detailed knowledge of the volcano internal structure, the rheology of the magmas, the time scales of the processes occurring at depth and the characteristics of past unrest episodes, must be combined with an a

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10

Telling, Jennifer Whitney. "Microphysical processes of volcanic ash aggregation and their implications for volcanic eruption dynamics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52925.

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Although numerous hazard models exist to assess possible ash fallout from explosive volcanic eruptions around the world, these models frequently neglect to consider ash aggregation or use a simple percent proxy to represent aggregation, without considering the varying processes at work throughout the volcanic flow. Eruption dynamics are sensitive to ash aggregation, and ash aggregates are commonly found in eruptive deposits, yet few experiments have been conducted on aggregation phenomena using natural materials. In this work, experiments were developed to produce both probabilistic and proces

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11

Bai, Liping. "Experimental study of bubble growth in Stromboli basalt melts at 1 atmosphere." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101831.

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In order to investigate bubble formation and growth at 1 atmosphere, degassing experiments using a Stromboli basalt with dissolved H2O or H2O + CO2 were performed in a custom furnace on a beamline at the Advanced Photon Source. The glasses were synthesized at 1250°C and 1000 MPa, with ~3.0 wt%, ~5.0 wt%, or ~7.0 wt% H2O or with mixtures of H2O + CO2, ~3.0 wt% H2O and ~440 ppm CO2, ~5.0 wt% H2O and 880 ppm CO2, ~7.0 wt% H2O and ~1480 ppm CO2, then heated on the beamline while recording the bubble growth. The 3D bubble size distributions in the quenched samples were then studied with synchrotron

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COSTA, Michela. "Bromine degassing in basaltic volcanic systems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/91244.

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13

Campeny, Marc. "Caracterización del vulcanismo carbonatítico de Catanda (Angola)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396369.

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Las carbonatitas volcánicas de Catanda son las únicas descritas hasta el momento de carácter extrusivo en Angola. Esta localidad es, además, significativamente interesante por la presencia de lavas carbonatíticas, las cuales se han descrito en tan solo 14 lugares a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, la información publicada referente a Catanda se reducía, hasta ahora, a unos pocos trabajos elaborados por investigadores portugueses en la década de los años 1960 y 1970, en los cuales se aportaban datos sobre geología regional y se describían características de las carbonatitas, aunque estos resultados

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Telling, Jennifer Whitney. "An experimental evaluation of the role of water vapor and collisional energy on ash aggregation in explosive volcanic eruptions." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43674.

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Eruption dynamics are sensitive to ash aggregation, and ash aggregates (e.g. accretionary lapilli) are commonly found in eruptive deposits, yet few experiments have been conducted on aggregation phenomena using natural materials. Experiments were developed to produce a probabilistic relationship for the efficiency of ash aggregation with respect to particle size, collision kinetic energy and atmospheric water vapor. The laboratory experiments were carried out in an enclosed tank designed to allow for the control of atmospheric water vapor. A synthetic ash proxy, ballotini, and ash from the 20

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Pistorio, Antonio. "Experimental and Computational Approaches to Enhance the Gravimetric Monitoring of Volcanic Areas." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1308.

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The aim of this thesis is to improve the techniques of the gravimetric method, by enhancing the quality of discrete gravity measurements and separating the gravity signals provided by the gravimeters in continuous recording during paroxysmal events, in the gravity field component and the inertial acceleration component to assess the amount of mass redistributed during such events. The preferred scenario for this study is Mt Etna not only because it is the most intensively monitored volcano in the world but also because there was the possibility to perform directly in the field gravity measurem

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Gisbert, Pinto Guillem. "The Miocene volcanism of the Sulcis area (SW Sardinia, Italy): Petrology, petrogenesis and geodynamic significance." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84110.

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During the Cenozoic the western Mediterranean area underwent a complex geodynamic evolution driven by the interaction between the African and Eurasian plates. The Corsica- Sardinia microplate played a central role in this evolution, which was recorded by its tectonic evolution and volcanism. During Oligo-Miocene the roll-back of the NW-wards subducting ,Apulian subduction zone caused the Corsica-Sardinia microplate to detach, drift and rotate from the European continental margin to its present position, opening the Liguro-Provençal Basin and generating abundant subduction-related calc-alkaline

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Ruggieri, Flavia. "Environmental mobility of potentially toxic trace elements of Andean volcanic ashes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/39082.

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This research investigate the geochemical environmental impact of ancient ash deposits erupted to hundreds of thousands to several million years ago in the southern Puna and neighbouring areas (Argentina), Uruguay and five historical eruptions occurred over a 20-year period in the Andes. In the latter case, pristine ash samples of Cophue, 2000, Lonquimay, 1988, Llaima, 2008, Chaiten, 2008, and Hudson, 1999 eruptions were studied. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the geochemical environmental hazard posed by different types of volcanic ashes in general, and from the Andes, in

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Bolós, Granados Xavier de. "Geological and structural controls on La Garrotxa monogenetic Volcanic Field (NE Iberia) and structural controls on La Garrotxa monogenetic Volcanic Field (NE Iberia)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284848.

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Monogenetic volcanism represents the most common volcano type on Earth. The distribution of it depends in each case on their regional and local tectonic controls. The great variety of eruptive styles, edifice morphologies, and deposits shown by monogenetic volcanoes is the result of a complex combination of internal (magma composition, gas content, magma rheology, magma volume, etc.) and external (regional and local stress fields. stratigraphic and rheological contrasts of substrate rock, hydrogeology, etc.) parameters during magma transport from the source region to the surface. The presen

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Ritchie, Lucy Jane. "Field and experimental studies of pyroclastic density currents and their associated deposits." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/595146.

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The transport and emplacement mechanisms of the highly energetic pyroclastic density current (PDC) generated in the blast style eruption of Soufriere Hills Volcano, Montserrat, on 26 December 1997 are examined through detailed lithological mapping and sedimentological analysis of the deposits. The PDC formed deposits which range in grain size from coarse breccias to fine ash, with distinctive bipartite layering and well-developed grading and stratification. On a large scale the PDC was highly erosive, sculpting large bedforms and depositing relatively thin deposits. However, locally, centimetr

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Villalón, Oliger Ignacio José. "Lithological controls influencing the geochemistry of geothermal systems north of the Villarrica Volcano, an experimental approach." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/137685.

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Geólogo<br>En la zona norte del volcán Villarrica las unidades más relevantes en términos de dimensiones y de poder albergar sistemas hidrotermales son: 1) El Batolito Norpatagónico compuesto principalmente por granitoides del Cretácico y Mioceno 2) Las unidades volcánicas y volcanoclásticas del Cenozoico tales como las que se encuentran en la cuenca de Curamallín (Oligoceno-Mioceno), las cuales prácticamente desaparecen al sur del volcán. Por otro lado hay distintos procesos que pueden afectar la composición de las aguas termales: mezcla, ebullición, interacción con vapores o fluidos de ori

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Riker, Jenny Michelle. "Experimental constraints on volatile-driven crystallisation in volcanic systems: A case study at Mount St. Helens." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.629006.

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Degassing and crystallisation are concomitant processes in volcanic systems that together modulate the physico-chemical properties of magmas. The compositions and textures of crystal-bearing volcanic rocks therefore preserve valuable information about the degassing paths experienced by their host magmas. Accurate interpretation of the rock record, however, requires a detailed interpretive framework. This thesis presents the results of high-temperature, high-pressure experiments designed to clarify the mechanisms and manifestations of volatile-driven crystallisation in natural magmas. The well-

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Weaver, Stephanie, and Stephanie Weaver. "Mantle Heterogeneity and the Origins of Primitive Arc Lavas: An Experimental Study with a Focus on the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12547.

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Primitive, mantle-derived magmas provide important clues about the formation and equilibration conditions of magmas at depth. In subduction zones, it is uncommon for primitive magmas to ascend through the shallow mantle and crust without undergoing chemical modification. Instead, magmas commonly differentiate through fractional crystallization, crustal assimilation, or magma mixing. Those rare primitive lavas that do erupt along a volcanic arc are useful for elucidating subduction-related processes within the mantle wedge (~30–80 km depth) and are the focus of this research. I used piston-

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Jasim, Alia. "Exploring the complexity of groundwater flow in volcanic terrains : a combined numerical, experimental and field data approach." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702894.

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Nolan, Gary, and Gary Nolan. "Experimental Investigation of Rates and Mechanisms of Isotope Exchange (O,H) Between Volcanic Ash and Isotopically-Labeled Water." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12330.

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The hydrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in hydrous minerals and volcanic glass are used as paleo-proxies to infer isotopic values of meteoric waters and thus paleo-climate conditions. Long-term exposure experiments with Mt Mazama ash reacted with isotopically labeled water (+650#8240; #948;

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Carrazana, Di Lucia Ariana. "El volcanismo calcoalcalino y peralcalino del suroeste de Cerdeña (Italia) y mineralizaciones asociadas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672411.

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El volcanismo oligo-mioceno del Sulcis, SO de Cerdeña (Italia) presenta la particularidad de contener rocas peralcalinas y alcalinas de un ambiente geodinámico anorogénico posterior a la actividad orogénica relacionada con la subducción de una placa oceánica durante la migración antihoraria del bloque Sardo-Corso y la sincrónica creación de la cuenca Liguro-Provençal. La geocronología 40Ar/39Ar (feldespatos), marca el final de la actividad magmática calcoalcalina a 16.18±0.04 Ma (Burdigaliense) y el inicio del episodio anorogénico a 15.96±0.04 Ma (Langhiniense inferior). La duración del evento

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López, Moreno Carmen. "Geophysical evidence of the preparedness for a volcanic eruption: El Hierro 2011-2012." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461580.

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The observational data recorded by the monitoring networks during El Hierro 2011-2012 volcanic unrest and eruption, allowed us to conduct a study of the volcanic eruptive phenomena with that wide view. The lack of previous instrumental data describing such a process in the Canaries gave us the invaluable chance of analyzing for the ﬁrst time, novel geophysical signals registered before, during and after an eruptive event, allowing the study of evidence of the energy involved in the emplacement and migration of magma through the lithosphere. The aim of this PhD Thesis is to make a comprehens

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Gaunt, H. E. "Experimental study of permeability under simulated volcanic conditions on lava dome rocks from Mount St. Helens : constraints on degassing and eruption style." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1426442/.

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The research presented in this thesis integrates field observations and sampling, data from controlled laboratory experiments with a radially-symmetric fluid flux model to investigate permeability controls on degassing processes operating during lava dome eruptions at silicic volcanoes. Laboratory permeability measurements were made on samples collected systematically across the marginal shear zone of a lava spine at Mount Saint Helens (MSH), Washington, USA, from the 2004-08 eruption, at room temperature and confining pressures up to 85 MPa. Permeability experiments were also performed on sam

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Crambes, Christine. "Deux approches du processus de fusion (a) etude experimentale de la fusion d'un bloc de solide sous une geometrie verticale (b) etude du volcanisme tibetain." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA077050.

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Cette these s'articule en deux parties et traite du processus de fusion. La partie a est une etude experimentale de mecanique des fluides, et la partie b est une etude geophysique du volcanisme tibetain. La partie a decrit l'experimentation de la fusion sous une geometrie verticale, dans laquelle est etudie le lien entre la fusion d'un bloc de solide soumis a un gradient vertical de temperature et la convection naturelle qui se developpe dans le fluide obtenu. Du fait de la non-adiabaticite sur les surfaces superieure et inferieure du bloc, trois regimes de fusion differents apparaissent : 1-

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Bambi, Aurora Cuaiela Joao Mateus. "Metalogenia de las carbonatitas en dominios plutónicos, subvolcánicos y volcánicos: Tchivira, Bonga y Catanda, Angola." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396375.

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Se han seleccionado tres carbonatitas de la estructura tectónica de Lucapa en Angola representativas de diferentes niveles de emplazamiento de los magmas: plutónico (Tchivira), subvolcánico (Bonga) y volcánico (Catanda). Los objetivos del trabajo son los siguientes: 1) Establecer la secuencia de procesos que se dan en carbonatitas plutónicas, subvolcánicas y volcánicas; 2) establecer la distribución y el comportamiento de los elementos raros en cada uno de estos procesos. La metodología incluye cartografía geológica de los afloramientos, muestreo según la misma o en algunos casos s

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Kushnir, Alexandra Roma Larisa. "Permeability development and evolution in volcanic systems : insights from nature and laboratory experiments." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2006/document.

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La transition entre le comportement effusif et explosif des volcans de magma riche en silice est en partie contrôlée par la capacité des surpressions gazeuses à se dissiper hors du magma. La libération efficace des gaz est associée aux éruptions effusives tandis que la rétention de ces gaz contribue aux processus explosifs. L’une des approches pour évaluer la facilité d’échappement des gaz est de considérer l’évolution et le développement de la perméabilité dans la colonne magmatique et dans l'édifice. J'évalue dans ce travail de thèse le rôle des changements post-mise en place sur la microstr

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Rejas, Alejos Marta. "Génesis de carbonatos autigénicos asociados a volcanes de fango del Golfo de Cádiz (SW España): influencia de procesos bioquímicos y desestabilización de hidratos de gas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/1979.

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En los últimos años se ha incrementado el interés por el estudio de los volcanes de fango ya que se ha demostrado su frecuente relación con hidrocarburos situados en profundidad. El Golfo de Cádiz, en él que se han descubierto más de 30 volcanes de fango, es una de las zonas más importantes para el estudio de los volcanes de fango y de los procesos sedimentarios, biológicos y bioquímicos asociados a estas estructuras. Relacionados con la actividad de estos volcanes se ha observado la formación de carbonatos autigénicos asociados a la presencia de metano en el sedimento. <br/><br/>En esta Tesis

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Zlotnicki, Jacques. "Sur les effets volcanomagnetiques et tectonomagnetiques." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077296.

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Etude du champ magnetique terrestre sur les edifices volcaniques ou dans les regions soumises a une activite sismotectonique. Trois themes de recherche sont developpes: l'acquisition des mesures de terrain, les mesures experimentales realisees en laboratoire, et les simulations numeriques. L'etude de terrain porte sur des resultats obtenus sur les volcans de la soufriere de guadeloupe, la montagne pelee de martinique et le piton de la fournaise a la reunion

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Randazzo, Loredana Antonella. "The behaviour of trace elements during the volcanic ash-liquid interaction : example of marine and human systems." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10051.

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Les processus d’interaction solide-liquide régulent les mécanismes qui régissent la disponibilité des oligo-éléments en phase liquide. Dans cet article, ces processus ont été étudiés grâce à l'utilisation des éléments de terres rares (REE), car ils sont d'excellents traceurs des processus géochimiques. Le but de la première partie de ce travail était d'étudier la réactivité des particules volcaniques lors de l'interaction avec l'eau de la mer synthétique. Les résultats montrent que en dehors de la dissolution, qui est le processus principal, un procédé d'adsorption de surface se produit égalem

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Viso, Chachayma Jordy Frank, and Alvarez Jhian Franco Torres. "Estudio experimental de la aplicación del cemento con el propósito de mejorar el comportamiento geotécnico de suelos volcánicos del distrito de Omate-Moquegua." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/657018.

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El propósito de esta investigación es mejorar los parámetros geotécnicos del suelo volcánico granular con la adición de cemento Portland tipo I. Primero, se realiza el ensayo de Granulometría y se clasifico mediante SUCS como una arena con grava pobremente gradada y según AASHTO como A-1-b. Por otro lado, se realizó el ensayo de Proctor y se obtuvo una Densidad Seca Máxima de 1.21 kg/cm2 con un Contenido de Humedad Optimo de 17.8%. Además, los resultados del ensayo de Corte Directo indico un ángulo de fricción 33.5°, una cohesión de 0.0 kg/cm2. El segundo paso fue realizar el ensayo de Proctor

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Valderrama, Murillo Patricio. "Origine et dynamique des avalanches des débris volcaniques : analyse des structures de surface au volcan Tutupaca (Pérou)." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22731/document.

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Les glissements de terrain se produisent dans toutes les chaînes de montagnes où la résistance de massifs rocheux est insuffisante pour contrer l’action de la gravité. Les terrains volcaniques sont particulièrement susceptibles de s’effondrer car les édifices sont composés des lithologies diverses et variées qui peuvent être fortement fracturées. En plus, la croissance rapide des édifices volcaniques favorise leur instabilité et leur effondrement. L’activité magmatique est un facteur additionnel responsable de la déformation des édifices, tandis que l’activité hydrothermale réduit la résistanc

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Davila, Vasquez Carlos Vicente, and Chavez Renato Julio Vera. "Análisis experimental de los suelos volcánicos con adiciones de cal y cemento con fines de evaluar su comportamiento geotécnico para la región de Moquegua del distrito de Omate." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653979.

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El suelo volcánico de la región de Moquegua en la provincia de Omate es un material de grano mediano, muy frágil y poco denso a su vez; lo cual hace que tenga un mal comportamiento geotécnico. El material proveniente de un talud, se le adicionará conglomerantes como el cemento y la cal para mejorar sus parámetros geotécnicos y evaluar desde un punto de vista más ingenieril. La metodología de esta investigación se inició con los ensayos para caracterizarlos, entre ello se realizó el ensayo de tamizado NTP 339.128 (ASTM D422), el ensayo para determinar el contenido de humedad NTP 339.127 (AS

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Cabrera, Barrionuevo Maurizio Fernando, and Aguilar Jean Pierre Dominguez. "Estudio experimental de la influencia del cemento y de la fibra de polipropileno con fines de mejorar el comportamiento geotécnico de un suelo volcánico ubicado en la progresiva 88 +100 Km. de la vía Arequipa-Omate-Moquegua." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655854.

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El presente trabajo se enfoca en investigar el comportamiento físico y mecánico de un suelo volcánico. Este ha sido extraído de la progresiva 88 + 100 Km de la carretera Arequipa-Omate-Moquegua. Según la normativa SUCS, el suelo es clasificado como arena pobremente gradada con presencia de limos SP-SM y su clasificación AASHTO es suelo bueno A-1-b. Para la investigación se utilizará cemento y fibra de polipropileno (PPF), estos fueron agregados al suelo natural y se realizó diferentes ensayos para poder comparar el comportamiento entre el suelo natural y el suelo con sus diferentes dosific

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Ånäs, Kristoffer. "The Significance of Giant Flank Collapses on Magma Ascent in the NE Rift Zone of Tenerife, Canary Islands: A Structural Modelling and Diffusion Approach." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-438578.

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On the volcanic ocean island Tenerife in the Canary archipelago, several giant flank collapses haveoccurred over the last one million years. The link between the lateral collapses and the resultingvolcanism in the rift zones is not fully understood and was investigated within the framework of thisproject. A field survey along the north eastern rift zone on Tenerife was performed, where dyke intrusionstructural data was collected to analyse the exact distribution of dykes in the area. To determine themagma ascent rate, diffusion analysis of major elements in olivine crystals was conducted incol

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Aloupogiannis, Panagiotis. "Etude theorique et experimentale des effets de matrice en analyse par emission de rayons x induite par particules chargees (pixe) : etablissement d'une nouvelle methode de correction dite des "parametres alpha"." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077002.

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Capa, Guachón Vicente Eduardo. "Estudio experimental y numérico del comportamiento de excavaciones ejecutadas mediante la técnica de suelo claveteado (soil nailing) en suelos de la ciudad de Quito (Ecuador)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/164174.

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[ES] La técnica de "Soil Nailing" es un procedimiento de refuerzo del terreno utilizado continuamente en la estabilización de taludes y cortes del terreno en proyectos de ingeniería geotécnica. Esta técnica se aplica con frecuencia en la ciudad de Quito (Ecuador) para el refuerzo del terreno, mejorando la estabilidad de los taludes, durante el proceso de excavación de varios niveles de sótanos. Estas excavaciones de gran profundidad son habituales en proyectos inmobiliarios importantes de la ciudad, en los que el "Soil Nailing" se emplea con algunas variantes que la ajusten a los recursos con

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ATASSI, HANAE. "Evaluation de la resistance a la corrosion en solution aqueuse de quelques verres silicates." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13057.

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Des experiences ont ete realisees afin d'evaluer la resistance chimique de verres volcaniques et industriels, mis en contact avec de l'eau distillee et des solutions tampons a ph 6, 7, 8 et 9. On a etudie au microscope electronique les couches d'alteration en surface et les resultats ont ete compares a un modele cinetique de la dissolution du verre ainsi qu'a un modele thermodynamique (modele de paul)

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Pichon, Hervé. "Le système "pouzzolanes naturelles-chaux-eau" à 38 et 100°C : relations entre la réactivité chimique, les phases néoformées et les conséquences physico-mécaniques : (application aux matériaux volcaniques du Massif Central français)." Grenoble 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10099.

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Ce travail etudie les systemes pouzzolanes naturelles-chaux-eau a 38 et 100c afin de comprendre les phenomenes physicochimiques caracterisant la pouzzolanicite des materiaux naturels. La mise en evidence de nouveaux criteres physicochimiques correlant la mineralogie des produits d'hydratation, les qualites mecaniques des melanges pouzzolanes-chaux-eau nous permet de proposer une nouvelle classification des materiaux pouzzolaniques. Cette classification repose sur: une caracterisation et une quantification des constituants reactifs (les verres volcaniques non rhyolitiques, les opales, les zeoli

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Scholtysik, Rebecca Ann. "Experimental study of the sublimation behaviour of volatile trace metals during volcanism." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/12041.

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Volcanoes are a key component of the Earth system, with volcanic activity reaching from deep in the Earth’s mantle and extending to interactions with volcanic gases and the atmosphere. Volatile trace metals degas from volcanic eruptions and at fumaroles, but their behaviour is poorly understood. I designed and built a benchtop fumarole, from which I degassed a silicate melt with trace metals, to simulate the volatilization and sublimation of trace metals from volcanic gases. I collected sublimates along a temperature gradient to examine the behaviour of the trace metals. The experimental subli

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Kueppers, U. "Nature and efficiency of pyroclast generation from porous magma: Insights from field investigations and laboratory experiments." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2122/1169.

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Enhanced knowledge of pre- and syn-eruptive processes is vital to deal with the increasing threat imposed to population and infrastructure by volcanoes that have been active historically and may potentially erupt in future. For many years, most of this knowledge was received from experiments on analogue materials and/or numerical models. In order to increase their significance and applicability for the “real” case, the natural complexity may not be oversimplified and the input parameters must be reliable and realistic. In the light of this, a close connection of field and laboratory work is es

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GRANATI, SERENA FRANCESCA. "The architecture of the magmatic feeding system of the Campi Flegrei Volcanic District: constraints from experimental petrology." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/896203.

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This work is aimed to provide an experimental contribution to a better definition of the evolutionary processes of Phlaegrean Volcanic District (PVD). To reach this goal high pressure experiments were performed on a natural sample of mafic composition (K-basalt), at variable T, P, ƒO2 and XH2O conditions. Pressures of 800, 400 and 200 MPa have been chosen to simulate the magmatic differentiation in the PVD system, supposed to be a multilevel one. A temperature range of about 120°C starting from the liquidus temperature has been set up for the experimental runs. Water effect was evaluated by t

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"Quantifying the Timing and Controls of Magmatic Processes Associated with Volcanic Eruptions." Doctoral diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.57307.

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abstract: Volcanic eruptions can be serious geologic hazards, and have the potential to effect human life, infrastructure, and climate. Therefore, an understanding of the evolution and conditions of the magmas stored beneath volcanoes prior to their eruption is crucial for the ability to monitor such systems and develop effective hazard mitigation plans. This dissertation combines classic petrologic tools such as mineral chemistry and thermometry with novel techniques such as diffusion chronometry and statistical modeling in order to better understand the processes and timing associated with v

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"Investigating Lava Flow Emplacement: Implications for Volcanic Hazards and Planetary Evolution." Doctoral diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.62801.

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abstract: Lava flow emplacement in the laboratory and on the surface of Mars was investigated. In the laboratory, the effects of unsteady effusion rates at the vent on four modes of emplacement common to lava flow propagation: resurfacing, marginal breakouts, inflation, and lava tubes was addressed. A total of 222 experiments were conducted using a programmable pump to inject dyed PEG wax into a chilled bath (~ 0° C) in tanks with a roughened base at slopes of 0, 7, 16, and 29°. The experiments were divided into four conditions, which featured increasing or decreasing eruption rates for ei

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Schmauß-Schreiner, Deborah [Verfasser]. "Experimental studies on the adsorption of SO2 on volcanic ashes / vorgelegt von Deborah Schmauß-Schreiner." 2008. http://d-nb.info/988205866/34.

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VENTURI, STEFANIA. "Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Volcanic and Hydrothermal Systems: Evidences from Field and Experimental Data." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1077611.

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The PhD research project was aimed to improve the scientific knowledge about the composition and behaviour of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in volcanic and hydrothermal systems, focusing on (i) primary processes occurring at high temperatures in deep fluid reservoirs and (ii) secondary processes occurring during the uprising of hydrothermal fluids toward the surface. The first goal was achieved following both experimental and empirical approaches. Laboratory experiments were performed in order to investigate the reaction pathways for benzene production under hydrothermal conditions, confir

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MacKenzie, Jason. "Volatile metal mobility and fluid/melt partitioning: Experimental constraints and applications to degassing magmas." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/1316.

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Volatile trace metals are variably enriched in volcanic gases. Metal concentrations in sub-aerially erupted magmas are also depleted in many of these metals. The causes of variable metal enrichment in volcanic gasses, however, remain enigmatic. The objective of this work is to place experimental constraints on kinetic and thermodynamic factors that influence the concentrations of trace metals in volcanic gases. To measure metal mobility in silicate melts, Pt crucibles packed with metal doped glasses of broadly basaltic composition were equilibrated with air and mixed gases at atmospheric press

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