Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Expert activities'

In the first chapter, the author explains his interest in computer-based information systems combined with their interactions with and use by members of the professions, as an on-going research focus and topic. After basic definitions, the discussion moves to the professions that are considered in the thesis and the organisational contexts in which their interactions with information systems occur. Finally, the chapter considers (1) the relevance of dissemination of research results as an integral and essential part of the research process and (2) the author's value framework, within which the studies described in the thesis are presented. The following chapter contains a review of research approaches employed in information systems and software engineering research. These approaches are examined to indicate how and where they have been used in the studies presented in the author's published papers reprinted in chapters three to nine. Because of the predominance of the action research perspective taken by the author, the rationale and results that can be achieved from the action research approach are specifically examined. Finally, chapter two considers the advantages of problem-driven research and the need for a diverse range of research approaches in information systems research. The following seven chapters are reprinted copies of published papers, four from journals and three from conferences. Chapter 3 describes a management problem related to ancillary works of the Thames Barrier; chapter 4 describes optimisation techniques and minimum cost design as used by engineers; chapter 5 describes an accountant's management information system; chapter 6 describes a knowledge-based system related to the selection of pacemakers for a cardiologist; chapter 7 relates to education of engineers in mid-career; and chapters 8 and 9 relate to the education of medical students and doctors in mid-career. The final chapter, chapter 10, reflects on the work described in the earlier chapters; and on factors which might have affected the outcomes of the research. These factors include (1) the role of the author who for periods operated as a consultant-researcher, and (2) the fact that the studies were undertaken in organisations and situations in which a managerialist climate existed. This is followed by research conclusions and implications for future research.

The importance of practical activities has been outlined in many articles and research studies. This study presents the way in which two novice and two expert teachers conduct practical activities in their intermediate phase in Natural Sciences and Technology (NST) classrooms and the challenges they face. This study was conducted in primary schools because researchers such as Mihret (2014, p.2) believe that "primary level science education is a cornerstone to lay a foundation to get young citizens interested in science". This study utilised a qualitative case study approach. The data was collected through classroom observations, open ended interviews and document analysis. The population of this study consisted of primary school teachers teaching Natural Sciences and Technology. The participants included two novice teachers and two expert teachers. The conceptual framework that guided this study emerged from the literature review. The conceptual framework of this study was based on concept of practical activity and the four pillared cognitive design framework. The findings of this study indicated that the way that novice and expert teachers conduct practical activities differ and they face different challenges when conducting practical activities. Novice teachers conduct teacher centred activities, they do not allow their learners to conduct independent practical activities, they use practical activities as a way to remind learners of the work done in the classroom and they mostly use previously developed worksheets during practical lessons. Expert teachers on the other hand conduct learner centred practical activities, they allow their learners to work independently and they do not always use worksheets in their practical activities. The findings also indicated that novice teachers face more challenges in their practical lessons than expert teachers. Novice teachers find it difficult to manage their learners' behaviour during practical lessons, they did not have confidence in their learners and they did not have effective disciplinary strategies. However, both novice and expert teachers had a challenge managing their time during their practical lessons.
Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Science, Mathematics and Technology Education
MEd
Unrestricted

As interactive systems are now used to perform a variety of complex tasks, users need systems that are at the same time expressive, efficient and usable. Although simple interactive systems can be easily usable, interaction designers often consider that only expert practitioners can benefit from the expressiveness of more complex systems. Our approach, inspired by studies in phenomenology and psychology, underscores that non-experts have sizeable knowledge and advanced skills related to various expert activities having a social dimension -such as artistic activities-, which they gain implicitly through their engagement as perceivers. For example, we identify various music-related skills mastered by non-musicians, which they gain when listening to music or attending performances. We have two main arguments. First, interaction designers can reuse such implicit knowledge and skills to design interaction techniques that are both expressive and usable by novice users. Second, as expert artifacts and expert learning methods have evolved over time and have shown efficient to overcome the complexity of expert activities, they can be used as a source of inspiration to make expressive systems more easily usable by novice users. We provide a design framework for studying the usability and expressiveness of interaction techniques as two new aspects of the user experience, and explore this framework with three projects. In the first project we study the use of rhythmic patterns as an input method, and show that novice users are able to reproduce and memorize large vocabularies of patterns. This is made possible by the natural abilities of non-musicians to perceive, reproduce and make sense of rhythmic structures. We define a method to create expressive vocabularies of patterns, and show that novice users are able to efficiently use them as command triggers. In the second project, we study the design and learning of chording gestures on multitouch screens. We introduce design guidelines to create expressive chord vocabularies taking the mechanical constraints and the degrees of freedom of the human hand into account. We evaluate the usability of such gestures in an experiment and we present an adapted learning method inspired by the teaching of chords in music. We show that novice users are able to reproduce and memorize our vocabularies of chording gestures, while our learning method can improve long-term memorization. The final project focuses on music software used for live performances and proposes a framework for designing "instrumental" software allowing expert musical playing and having its elementary functionalities accessible to novices, as it is the case with acoustic instruments (for example, one can easily play a few chords on a piano without practice). We define a design framework inspired by a functional decomposition of acoustic instruments and present an adapted software architecture, both aiming to ease the design of such software and to make it match with instrument-making. These projects show that, in these cases: (i) the implicit knowledge novices have about some expert activities can be reused for interaction; (ii) expert learning methods can inspire ways to make expressive systems more usable novices; (iii) taking expert artifacts as a source of inspiration can help creating usable and expressive interactive systems. In this dissertation, we propose the study of usability as an alternative to the focus on immediacy that characterizes current commercial interactive systems. We also propose methods to benefit from the richness of expert activities and from the implicit knowledge of non-experts to design interactive systems that are at the same time expressive and usable by novice users.

The Diploma thesis deals with general issues in the environment of Czech expertise from the view of ordinary experts. The study fosuses on a critical analysis of expert activities with special regards to remuneration issues, timing of expert fees, expertise, experts‘ inauguration and dismissal from a post and cooperation with government authorities. The methodology used is an array of reactions by experts to individual and specific points, which are then evaluated and possible methods of solution are proposed. The end of the thesis statistically summarises all problems in a graph and highlights the most critical ones.

This diploma thesis deals with basic questions of expert activities and a more detailed focus on issues coming up in relation to practical expert activities working out expert opinions, especially obtaining materials from executive bodies, authorities, partaking parties or the ordering party. This thesis consists of a questionnaire construction containing expert opinion by professional witnesses, of an analysis of the current legislation and consequent suggested options how to deal with the given issues.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Aaron Bobick; Committee Member: Charles Isbell; Committee Member: David Hogg; Committee Member: Irfan Essa; Committee Member: James Rehg

Particular parts of the project 'Uniform Education System for Expert Activities' are listed and described in this dissertation. Legal approaches to the issue of expert activities in selected European countries were mapped on the basis of researches. The fact that the current legal regulation of expert activities in the Czech Republic does not include the obligation of the lifelong learning of experts, does not specify the ways and forms of verifying of qualification requirements before appointing to the office, and also does not provide for the further educating after the registering on the list of experts, is seen as a problematic situation. The suggested system is divided in two basic parts: before registering the expert on the list of experts, focusing on the qualification requirements and the way of their verification by administrative authorities, and after appointing to the office and registering to the central list of experts, focusing on lifelong learning during the whole time of practising of the profession, as well as on the form and content. Some basic methods of sociological survey (especially introductory seminars and questionnaire surveys) were used as the information source. These dates were evaluated and applicable conclusions were compiled and integrated into in more detail described components parts of the suggested education system, in which also the already existing training courses and workshops were taken in consideration. For the purpose of regular verifying of expert's professional qualification, a credit system was developed, as well as the periodicity of verifying of the expert's professional qualification and the form of record keeping in the Index of Expert's Professionalism.

Esta tese assumiu a premissa de que a neuropatia periférica é um sinal de piora da diabetes, além de levantar a questão de que estudos prévios sobre a biomecânica da marcha de diabéticos não têm distinguido os graus de progressão da diabetes nos grupos estudados. Neste contexto, não é possível identificar as diferenças nos padrões de geração da marcha entre estágios precoces e avançados da diabetes. Esta identificação poderia facilitar a intervenção terapêutica precoce nestes pacientes, o que poderá impedir a formação de úlceras e amputações recorrentes subseqüentes. Assim, apresentamos ao longo desta tese, três estudos para investigar a natureza das supostas alterações na marcha (estudo 1) e no descer escadas (estudo 2) de diabéticos, assim como para propor uma forma de classificar a progressão da diabetes levando em consideração as incertezas de fronteiras entre os subgrupos de neuropatas, por meio de um sistema especialista fuzzy (estudo 3). Os estudos 1 e 2 foram feitos com os mesmos três grupos: indivíduos diabéticos (GD) e diabéticos neuropatas (GDN) diagnosticados clinicamente e indivíduos saudáveis (GC). Para a avaliação cinemática e cinética do membro inferior foram utilizadas câmeras infravermelhas e uma plataforma de força durante o andar no plano e descendo uma escada. O cálculo dos momentos articulares de membro inferior foi feito por meio do método da dinâmica inversa. Os principais resultados do estudo 1 mostraram que independente da presença da neuropatia, os pacientes diabéticos exibiram uma maior flexão das três principais articulações do membro inferior e um importante uso da articulação do quadril como uma estratégia cinética de progressão do corpo à frente, em substituição ao tornozelo, que mostrou ser a articulação mais prejudicada. Os principais resultados do estudo 2 indicaram as mesmas mudanças significativas no padrão cinemático do tornozelo durante a fase de propulsão, mesmo na ausência da neuropatia. No entanto, não houve diferença nos padrões cinéticos entre os estágios iniciais e avançados da doença, mas mostraram a mesma tendência observada no estudo 1 de alteração do padrão cinético de quadril para se adaptar às perdas distais nos neuropatas. No estudo 3, desenvolvemos um modelo para classificação da severidade da neuropatia diabética. O modelo fuzzy apresentou um nível de concordância adequado com a classificação feita por especialistas, e também mostrou uma alta precisão na avaliação de pacientes reais que foram submetidos à avaliação do modelo. O modelo foi capaz de simplificar e separar os pacientes em quatro diferentes graus de severidade, o que pode melhorar a eficácia de medidas preventivas, bem como para oferecer uma melhor ajuda para os profissionais de saúde no tratamento destas doenças e suas complicações. Como conclusão geral temos que os grupos diabéticos estudados exibiram comportamentos biomecânicos durante o andar no plano e descendo degraus que são muitas vezes parecidos entre si (GD e GDN), poucas vezes diferentes entre si, mas na maioria das vezes bem distintos do grupo não diabético (GC), indicando que a questão da progressão não se esclareceu completamente ao separamos de maneira crisp os grupos em diabético e diabético neuropata. As perdas sensitivo-motoras-autonômicas impostas pela diabetes não podem ser subestimadas, uma vez que parecem ter início ainda quando a neuropatia não foi diagnosticada. Uma correta classificação do paciente pode antecipar a detecção dos níveis menos severos da doença, evitando esperar que os pacientes apresentem perdas irreversívies para inicar uma intervenção clínica eficaz e preventiva para preservar a locomoção independente destes pacientes
This study assumed the premise that the peripheral neuropathy is a sign of worsening of diabetes, as well as raising the issue that previous studies on the biomechanics of gait in diabetics do not have distinguished the degree of progression of diabetes in both groups. Therefore, it is not possible to identify differences in patterns of gait generation between early and advanced stages of diabetes. This identification would facilitate early therapeutic intervention in these patients, which could prevent the formation of recurrent ulcers and subsequent amputations. We present throughout this thesis, three studies to investigate the nature of the alleged changes in gait (study 1) and stair descent (study 2) of diabetics, and to propose a way to classify the progression of diabetes, taking into account the uncertainties of boundaries between the subgroups of neuropathy through a fuzzy expert system (study 3). Studies 1 and 2 were performed with the same three groups: diabetics (GD) and diabetic neuropathic (GDN) diagnosed clinically and healthy subjects (CG). For the kinematic and kinetic evaluation of the lower limb, we used infrared cameras and a force plate during walking on a level walkway (10 m) and descent a staircase. The calculation of net joint moments of the lower limb was performed using the method of inverse dynamic. The main results of Study 1 showed that, regardless of the presence of neuropathy, diabetic patients exhibited a greater flexion of the three major joints of the lower limb and an important use of the hip joint as a kinetic strategy of progression the body forward, replacing the ankle, which proved to be the most affected joint. The main results of Study 2 showed the same significant changes in the pattern of the ankle kinematics during propulsion phase, even in the absence of neuropathy. However, there was no difference between the kinetic patterns in early and advanced stages of the disease, but showed the same trend observed in the Study 1: a change in the kinetic pattern of the hip to adapt de locomotion to distal loss in neuropathic subjects. In Study 3, the model developed for classification of severity of diabetic neuropathy showed an adequate level of agreement with the classification of experts, and also showed a high accuracy in the evaluation of real patients who underwent to the evaluation of the model. The fuzzy model was able to simplify and separate the patients into four different degrees of severity, which can improve the effectiveness of preventive strategies as well as to offer a better assistance to health professionals in the management of this disease. It is concluded that the studied diabetic groups exhibited biomechanical behavior during walking and descend stairs that are often similar to each other (GD and GDN), a few times different from each other, but most often very different from the non-diabetic group (GC), indicating that the issue of progression was not fully understood separating the groups in a crisp way as diabetic and diabetic neuropathic subjects. The sensory, motor and autonomic losses imposed by the diabetes can not be underestimated, since they seem to appear when the neuropathy is not diagnosed yet. A correct classification of the patient can anticipate the detection of less severe levels of the disease and avoid that the patients show an irreversible loss to start an effective intervention and preventive strategies to keep the independent locomotion of these patients

Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第19241号
農博第2138号
新制||農||1036(附属図書館)
学位論文||H27||N4945(農学部図書室)
32240
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生命科学専攻
(主査)教授 植田 和光, 教授 矢﨑 一史, 教授 栗原 達夫
学位規則第4条第1項該当

Accelerating urbanisation and greenhouse gas emissions cause some of the world’s important environmental problems, which leads to an increasing awareness of the importance of sustainable environmental technology systems. Sweden has had a very strict environmental legislation since the 1970’s, with Swedish municipalities responsible for local environmental technology service systems. This has led municipal companies to be very experienced of some of the functions related to waste management, waste-to-energy and district heating. Municipal companies often receive international visits where the foreign delegates sometimes request Swedish municipal knowledge regarding how to design and manage sustainable systems in their home regions. Therefore, the idea of municipal knowledge export has been up for discussion. This study aims to analyse the municipal companies’ previous experiences of knowledge export, which includes looking at what incentives and barriers they perceive therein. The work also investigates what knowledge municipal companies export and what approaches they choose, as well as what role they and other actors think municipal companies should have in order to best benefit Swedish environmental technology export. The project was designed as a qualitative interview study, where the main data collection was carried out in semi-structured interviews with decision-makers in municipal energy and waste companies. Interesting companies were found using desktop research. Data collection was complemented by a survey where municipal companies were asked about their involvement in knowledge export. The results show that municipal companies export knowledge such as consulting and advisory services, education and project management. They offer knowledge for example within managing waste systems, operating district heating plants, as well as public awareness and citizen participation. Some companies have started subsidiaries dedicated specifically to export ventures, while others offer personnel as sub-consultants to private companies. Most export took place as projects run by the municipal companies themselves, often financed by development aid funds. The most important incentives motivating municipal companies to start or continue their export endeavours include motivating employees, becoming an attractive employer, contributing to reducing environmental impact where it is most needed, and external initiatives or requests. The most prominent barriers were related to lack of resources, cultural and political differences, and challenges related to marketing. The municipal companies and other actors in governmental and private organisations appear to have different perceptions of the significance of municipal knowledge and the role municipal companies should play, in order to best contribute to Sweden’s environmental technology export. In general, the interviewed municipal companies tend to seek a more active role in the export, whereas the other actors would prefer municipal companies to be more focused on promoting the export from their home region.

This paper empirically investigates the key firm- and industry-specific restrictions to the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in services trade. For this purpose, we use firm-level data from firms in France operating in different services sectors over the time period 1998 to 2007 and formulate two-part models consisting of (i) (dy namic) export equations and (ii) (dynamic) export share equations. Our results confirm the view that a relatively low share of SMEs engage in services trade. In line with the new-new trade theory, our results also corroborate that more productive SMEs have a higher export probability. The key finding of this paper is that the export decisions of SMEs in services sectors are estimated to be extremely persistent, implying that trade pol icy efforts, including the allocation of scarce trade promotion budgets, should be directed at addressing the barriers faced in establishing the first export operation. Finally, our sub-sectoral estimates reveal considerable heterogeneity across different types of services.

Ce travail s'inscrit dans une problématique actuelle de l'Intelligence Artificielle concernant le passage de la modélisation de la performance à celle de la compétence. Il s'est agi de déterminer les conditions de conception d'un système expert adapté à ses utilisateurs, eux-mêmes professionnels du domaine technique concerné. Si l'utilisateur doit assumer la responsabilité des solutions, il doit être convaincu par la compétence du système. Pour cela, notre hypothèse est qu'un tel système, tout en restant opérationnel et scientifiquement pertinent, doit être conçu dans un objectif de "compatibilité cognitive" permettant à l'usager de reprendre à son compte les connaissances du système. Notre base expérimentale s'appuie sur l'étude de deux systèmes experts existants. Pour chacun, la méthode de résolution de problèmes a été retenue de manière à dégager écarts et similitudes entre les fonctionnements cognitifs de trois systèmes de connaissances : l'expert, le système expert et l'utilisateur. A partir de ces analyses centrées sur la signification des savoirs et savoir-faire, nous avons élaboré les notions d' "objectifs associés de résolution" et de "méta-résolution" : (1) une composante essentielle de la compétence réside dans la méta-résolution (gestion des objectifs associés); (2) une compétence ne peut se définir dans l'absolu, mais en référence aux objectifs associés de résolution et à leurs modes de gestion. Nos résultats conduisent à considérer que toute méthodologie de conception d'un système devant répondre à l'objectif de compatibilité cognitive ne peut être centrée sur la compétence d'un seul type d'experts. Plusieurs compétences différentes (au minimum un expert et un professionnel) doivent être prises en compte dès la première étape de conception : la comparaison est la base de l'explicitation de la méta-résolution. Dans ce cadre, nous proposons une grille d'analyse permettant d'expliciter les choix concernant la méta-résolution devant être effectués au cours de la conception d'un système non plus "expert", mais "multi-compétent"
This research has been carried out within a current framework of Artificial Intelligence concerning the passage from modelling performance to modelling competence. We aimed to determine conditions for the design of expert systems adapted to users who are themselves professionals in the technical concerned. Since the user must be assume responsibility for solution, we must be convinced by the system's competence. Our hypothesis is that an expert system, whilst remaining operational and scientifically relevant, must be designed according to an objective of "cognitive compatibility", thus allowing the user to integrate the system's knowledge into his own. Our experimental work was based on the study of two existing expert systems. For each, the problem solving method was selected to determine differences and similarities between the cognitive functioning of three knowledge systems : expert, expert system and user. From these analyses based on the meaning of the domain-specific knowledge and know-how involved, we have collaborated the notions of "objectives associated with resolution" and "meta-resolution": (1) an essential component of competence resides in meta-resolution (management of objectives); (2) competence cannot be defined in the absolute, but must be defined in reference Lo the objectives associated with the resolution and to the way in which they are managed. Our results lead us to consider that any methodology for designing a system which aims to respond to the objective of cognitive compatibility cannot be centred solely on the expert's competence. Different competences (at east one expert and one professional) must be taken into account from the first design phase: comparing these competences is the basis for explicating meta-resolution. In this framework, we propose an analysis grid, allowing choices concerning mat-resolution to be made explicit during the design of systems no longer considered to be "expert", but rather "multi-competent"

De nombreuses catastrophes de diverses envergures frappent régulièrement des populations partout dans le monde. Parmi les exemples marquant on peut citer l'ouragan Katrina en 2005, le tremblement de terre en Haïti en 2010 ou plus récemment le Tsunami au Japon et la catastrophe de Fukujima qui a suivie. Au cours de ces catastrophes, plusieurs centaines d'organisations, comme la police, les pompiers ou les organisations d'aide humanitaire, interviennent pour sauver les gens et aider à revenir à une vie normale. Ces organisations ont besoin de se coordonner pour faire face à une situation dynamique avec des ressources limitées et une vision partielle de la situation. L'évolution de la situation entraîne souvent des changements d'objectif et de plan. Un des problèmes typique est d'obtenir un aperçu sur les relations entre ce qui a été fait, ce qui se passe actuellement et quelles sont les prochaines étapes. Ce problème est particulièrement difficile sur le plan inter-organisationnel : Chaque organisation coordonne la réponse de sa propre perspective et s'appuie sur les informations fournies par d'autres organisations. Notre objectif dans cette thèse est d'étudier comment supporter la coordination des activités par des personnes de différentes organisations dans une situation dynamique par un système d'information. L'idée de base est de tirer profit d'une approche basée sur les processus, où les activités et leurs relations sont rendues explicites. Nous présentons un cadre pour la coordination des activités dans des situations dynamiques. Il permet la modélisation ad hoc des relations entre ce qui a été fait, ce qui se passe actuellement et quelles sont les prochaines étapes. Les écarts par rapport au modèle et comment les activités ont été réalisées sont affichées à l'utilisateur pour mettre en évidence l'impact de l'évolution des objectifs. Nous étendons ce cadre au niveau inter-organisationnel. Certaines activités peuvent être partagées entre différentes organisations. Tout n'est pas partagé entre tout le monde pour tenir compte du respect de la vie privée, de la réglementation, des raisons stratégiques ou autres. Les activités partagées sont reproduites dans les espaces de travail de ces organisations. Nous décrivons comment des vues divergentes sur les activités et leurs relations peuvent etre détectées et traitées afin de revenir éventuellement à une vue convergente. Les concepts sont mis en oeuvre comme une extension d'un service de collaboration distribuée ouvert. Ils ont été évalués par des gestionnaires de catastrophes expérimentés. Par ailleurs, nous avons conçu une expérience visant à évaluer l'utilisation d'outils pour aborder ces question. Nous avons effectué plusieurs expériences pour valider cette expérience. D'autres expériences pourront fournir une validation plus complété du modèle proposé dans cette thèse
Recently we have seen several large scale disasters affecting humans all over the world. Examples are Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the Haiti earthquake in 2010 or the September 11/2001 terrorist attacks on the world trade center. During these disasters, several hundred organizations, such as police, fire brigade or humanitarian aid organizations, respond with the goal to save people and support them to live a normal life again. They need to coordinate to deal with scarce resources, different skills and capabilities. People in these organizations drive coordination based on their judgment of the situation. The situation can be dynamic: it evolves in sometimes unexpected ways, goals shift and priorities of the organizations change. Typical problems are to get an overview on the relations between what has been done, what is currently going on and what are the next steps. This problem is specially challenging on the inter-organizational level: Each organization coordinates the response from its own perspective and relies on the information provided by other organizations. We aim in this dissertation at supporting coordination of activities by people of different organizations in a dynamic situation by an information system. The disaster response is a critical example for this. The basic idea is to leverage a process-based approach, where activities and their relations are made explicit. We present a framework for coordination of activities in dynamic situations. It allows ad-hoc modeling of the relations between what has been done, what is currently going on and what are the next steps. A model can be verified for correctness in predictable and acceptable time. Deviations from the model and how activities have been performed are displayed to the user to highlight the impact of shifting goals. We extend this framework to the inter-organizational level. Selected activities can be shared by people with selected organizations. This means not everything is shared between everybody to take into account privacy, regulatory, strategic or other reasons. Shared activities are replicated in the workspaces of these organizations. We describe how diverging views on replicated activities and their relations can be detected and handled to ensure eventually a converging view. The concepts are implemented as an extension to an open distributed collaboration service. They are also commented by experienced disaster managers. Furthermore, we design an experiment to evaluate tool support addressing the research questions. We conducted several experiments to validate the design of the experiment. Further experiments can provide validation of the concepts implemented as a prototype in this thesis

This research paper focuses on Thailand’s textile and clothing industry since its liberalisation in 1995. The industry used to be the number one generator of export income for Thailand. As exports strongly declined in the late 1990s, the Thai government employed ‘industrial policy’ to reignite the industry in 2003 and 2007. However, the policies have had little effect on the export pattern. We argue that the way government sees the industry is inappropriate and leads to ineffective industrial policy.The research findings illustrate that industrial analysis at ‘macro’ or ‘aggregate’ level is weak and impractical. These high-level analyses do not give policy makers and government a clear understanding of the industry, structure or drivers of performance. Furthermore, we are unable to identify common factors that differentiate well-performing firms from poorly performing firms. The aggregate level data make it difficult for policy makers or government to see what key success factors to focus on in this complex and dynamic business environment. There is no obvious ‘model’ that distinguishes those firms or sectors that do well and grow, against those which do not. So rather than focus on aggregate level, government and policy makers should focus on firm-specific characteristics, strategies or business models that differentiate them from others. Government needs to understand in depth the specific industry structure of the sector and the relationship between key players. This will help it to understand its role and the measures it can use to support the private sector. This new method may consume more time and require better skills and knowledge from researchers and policy makers. The approach requires committed researchers with strong strategic and analytical skills who can divide or dissect the industry into various sub-groups, and policy makers with better mindsets. But most importantly, problematic policy is a result of a fragmented policymaking process that stems from poor economic governance.

This study analyzes and maps barriers preventing Sri Lankan female workers in Export Processing Zones (EPZs) from participating in awareness raising activities by NGOs. These barriers can furthermore be discussed as preventing them from an enhanced empowerment. The gathered data is mostly based on interviews conducted during a three-week long fieldtrip in Sri Lanka. By using both a literature analysis on the field of research together with group interviews with both female EPZ workers as well as with personnel from a women’s organization in Sri Lanka the study identifies five barriers hindering the women’s participation; time and distance; lack of motivation or interest; limited knowledge of the organization; someone opposing the choice; and fear of loosing the employment. The study derives the root-causes of the barriers to the current social norms and roles, which are internalized in the young women’s mind from their background as well as through the reproduction of them in their new environment, but also to EPZs as discouraging an improvement of the women’s situation.

De nombreuses études ont abordé le champ du contrôle moteur de l’être humain en passant par l’analyse et la modélisation de mouvements simples. Les théories élaborées par cette voie doivent pouvoir être appliquées à un mouvement complexe tel le mouvement sportif. La phase d’impulsion du saut à la perche apparaît être prépondérante pour la performance. Cependant peu d’études sur ce sujet ont été conduites. Les objectifs de ce travail sont premièrement de caractériser et comparer deux niveaux d'expertise (novice/expert) au moyen des données EMG et cinématiques pendant un saut éducatif, deuxièmement de fournir des éléments de compréhension de la phase d’impulsion et enfin troisièmement de rechercher un possible transfert de pattern d’invariant du programme moteur entre des activités similaires. Les résultats de la première étude mettent en évidence des différences de séquençages musculaires et segmentaires entre les deux groupes qui sont en relation avec la flexion de la jambe d’impulsion au moment de la pose du pied. Les résultats pour le second objectif, montrent qu’il n’y a pas de différences entre les experts pour les évolutions des angles de la hanche, du genou et de la cheville. Cependant, bien qu’il existe des différences du signal EMG inter et intra sujet, il apparaît, à des instants précis et pour chaque sujet des invariants d'activités musculaires. Les résultats relatifs au troisième objectif font apparaître des similarités cinématiques et électromyographiques reflétant un contrôle moteur équivalent entre les perchistes mais aussi pour un perchiste donné. Ces similarités peuvent être interprétées en termes de transfert d’une partie de programme stockée en mémoire
Many studies investigate motor control during simple movements but the theories of motor control need to be tested during sport movement. One critical phase in this jumping event appears to be between touchdown (TD) and take-off (TO). This study has three objectives, first, characterise the EMG and kinematic data exhibited during the take-off in a short run-up training pole vaulting exercise, for two different expertise level (expert-novice); second, provide a better understanding of this phase and its role in performance outcome by recording EMG and kinematic variable during a real run-up pole vaulting; last, determine if a motor control transfer appears between similar activities. The results show that at TD, the expert tended to increase rigidity of the take off leg to decrease braking and allow forward energy transmissions. These results highlight the motor control’s differences. The results, for the second objective, showed that there are no differences in the evolution of hip, knee and ankle angles. Differences in the EMG signal was noted inter- and intra pole vaulter coordination, although for the same subject the EMG activities seamed to converge on some phase locked-point. The results for the third objective showed that expert pole vaulters used part of their motor program in a similar way to execute new movement. Pole vaulters appears to have approximately the same coordination reflecting a different muscular control among pole vaulters but also within a given pole vaulter. The phase locked point could be considered as an invariant. Using this part of motor program stored in pole vaulters memory permit a new movement to be adapted

Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse portent d'une part, sur la modélisation du raisonnement expert en situation de résolution de problèmes, et d'autre part sur l'élaboration d'un outil conceptuel de représentation. Le premier chapitre présente les différents aspects du raisonnement et situe la résolution de problèmes au sein des activités cognitives mises en œuvre par le sujet humain, dans le cadre de la réalisation d'une tâche donnée. Le deuxième chapitre propose un modèle de raisonnement expert en situation de résolution de problèmes, basé sur une approche systémique des activités cognitives de raisonnement (ACR). Le raisonnement de l'expert se compose de trois ACR: la compréhension, la résolution et l'évaluation. Chaque ACR est modélisée par un système inférentiel de traitement de l'information. Le système de compréhension prend en compte le contexte défini par l'environnement et les contraintes pour choisir la stratégie de résolution à adopter. Le système de résolution applique la stratégie de résolution choisie dans le contexte. Le système d'évaluation valide les résultats de résolution en tenant compte de l'objectif et des contraintes. Ces trois systèmes sont supervisés par une structure de contrôle global qui gère échecs et impasses de résolution. Le troisième chapitre propose un outil conceptuel de représentation: le SIFU-Connaissance (Système d'Information Fournisseur-Utilisateur-Connaissance). Le quatrième chapitre présente l'application du modèle et de l'outil proposés pour une tâche de diagnostic médical.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:04:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OdeniseMB.pdf: 523472 bytes, checksum: 4c5d9b7ec084791f932f3572d11986e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-26
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This study reflects on some procedural aspects about the development of mathematics learning from the experience with investigative activities concerning the resolution of second degree equation, which was tested a proposal for education, supported the use of texts in history of mathematics. The survey was conducted in two stages, taking the first-served basis for the second, which was carried out with a study group remainder of the first experiment. The intention was to investigate how the group participant, known as the study group, involved in the implementation of activities of research in mathematics, supported the use of the history of mathematics. Based on the results achieved during the study, it was possible to understand that the activities of research enable the development of students, range of learning mathematics and the development of skills and expertise for research as a vehicle for construction of their mathematical knowledge. This approach proposed research into the classroom is important, both for prospective teachers of mathematics and for students from elementary school, bringing a new phase for mathematical education that will come to schools
O presente estudo reflete sobre alguns aspectos processuais acerca do desenvolvimento da aprendizagem matem?tica a partir da experi?ncia com atividades investigativas, acerca da resolu??o de equa??o do 2? grau, na qual foi testada uma proposta de ensino, apoiada no uso de textos em hist?ria da matem?tica. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas, tendo a primeira servido de base para a segunda, a qual foi realizada com um grupo de estudo remanescente da primeira experi?ncia. A inten??o foi investigar como o grupo participante, denominado como grupo de estudo, envolveu-se na realiza??o de atividades de investiga??o em matem?tica, apoiada no uso da hist?ria da matem?tica. Com base nos resultados alcan?ados no decorrer do estudo, foi poss?vel compreender que as atividades de investiga??o possibilitam o desenvolvimento dos alunos, alcance de aprendizagem matem?tica e o desenvolvimento de habilidades e compet?ncias para a investiga??o como ve?culo de constru??o do seu conhecimento matem?tico. Essa proposta de abordagem investigativa para a sala de aula ? importante, tanto para futuros professores de matem?tica quanto para estudantes de ensino fundamental e implicar? numa nova fase para a educa??o matem?tica que chegar? ?s escolas

Les tourbières sont des zones humides qui ne couvrent que 3% des surfaces émergées mais qui sont très riches en matière organique. A la croisée des cycles du carbone et de l’eau, elles stockeraient près de 20 % du carbone organique des sols de la planète et par conséquent elles sont considérées comme des sources importantes dans le transfert de carbone organique vers les eaux de surface. Dans les bassins versants de montagne, les tourbières ne représentent qu’une faible proportion de la couverture paysagère et sont sujettes à l’influence d’activités anthropiques locales. Jusqu’à présent les conditions climatiques et d’accessibilité des zones montagneuses ont limité les études biogéochimiques dans les tourbières de montagne, mais de récentes avancées technologiques optiques permettent dorénavant de mesurer les concentrations de carbone organique in situ et à haute fréquence dans les ruisseaux drainant ces écosystèmes. Cette thèse a pour objectif de quantifier et d’identifier les mécanismes qui régissent le transfert de matière organique des tourbières vers les eaux de surface dans des bassins versants de montagne faisant l’objet d’activités anthropiques contemporaines. Pour cela deux tourbières situées dans les Pyrénées françaises ont été instrumentées et ont fait l’objet d’un suivi haute fréquence (30 min) sur plus de deux cycles hydrologiques. En premier lieu, ces travaux ont permis d’isoler le contrôle prédominant des crues dans les exports de matière organique des tourbières ainsi que la proportion majoritaire de la forme dissoute du carbone organique (COD) dans les exports. En fonction des cycles hydrologiques, les flux spécifiques de COD des tourbières de montagne sont très variables [16.1 ; 35.9] g.m².an-1 mais correspondent aux gammes observées pour les tourbières des plaines septentrionales. Ces mêmes flux placent les tourbières comme sources majoritaires de COD (>63%) en tête de bassin versant. Dans un second temps, l’analyse des pics observés sur les séries temporelles de concentration de COD a montré que, contrairement aux exports, la variabilité des concentrations aux exutoires des tourbières n’est pas contrôlée par le débit, mais par la température du sol et les battements de nappe phréatique. Calculés à partir des relevés piézométriques, des temps de récession hydrologiques permettent d’appréhender plus justement ces variabilités dans les modèles de concentration de COD ainsi que d’apprécier l’hétérogénéité hydrologique des tourbières. La troisième phase illustre la difficulté de séparer influence climatique et anthropique dans les exports de carbone organique des tourbières suite à deux évènements anthropiques, intervenus sur les sites d’études pyrénéens : un brulis et une coupe forestière. En complément une revue bibliographique à l’échelle mondiale rapporte cependant des flux de COD 30% plus importants à l’exutoire de tourbières influencées par des pratiques anthropiques. Ces travaux soulignent le besoin de disperser l’instrumentation haute fréquence sur davantage de tourbières afin de déterminer plus justement leur rôle dans le cycle du carbone global. L’ensemble des résultats confirme l’importance des exports de carbone organique dans le bilan carbone des tourbières mais également l’importance des tourbières dans l’hydrochimie des eaux de surface, notamment dans les zones anthropisées
Peatlands are a type of wetlands covering 3% of the continental areas. They store approximately 20% of the global soil organic carbon and therefore they are considered as a major source of organic carbon for inland waters. In mountainous areas, peatlands are relatively small, scattered and they may be under the influence of local anthropogenic activities. Until now, harsh mountainous climatic conditions have limited biogeochemical investigations in these remote areas but recent improvements in optical technologies make high frequency monitoring of stream organic concentration possible. This thesis aimed at quantifying the exports of organic matter and identifying the parameters that control these exports at the outlet of peatlands in mountainous watersheds influenced by local anthropogenic activities. To investigate these parameters, two peatlands in the French Pyrenees were monitored on several hydrological cycles at a high frequency (30 min). Quantification work showed that floods controls the export of organic carbon from peatlands and that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was the main form exported. Depending on annual discharge, peatland DOC specific fluxes varied drastically [16.1 ; 35.9] g.m².yr-1 but they remained consistent with the fluxes measured in Northern lowland peatlands. Moreover, peatlands appeared as the main source of DOC (>63%) of these headwaters. In contrast with the exports, DOC concentration variability was not driven by discharge. Peaks in the times series revealed that peat soil temperature and water table fluctuations were the main drivers of the DOC concentration variability. Water recession times were calculated from water table time series and helped to improve stream DOC concentration models. In addition, the water recession times seemed to be a useful quantitative parameter to describe the hydrological heterogeneity of peatland complexes. Anthropogenic influence (prescribed burning and forest clearing) was difficult to disentangle from climatic influence driving stream organic exports from peatlands at the two Pyrenean experimental sites. However, these observations were completed by a global literature review reporting that DOC specific fluxes were 30% stronger in peatlands impacted by anthropogenic activities. This thesis has underlined the need to monitor more peatlands at a high frequency in order to determine more accurately their role in the global carbon cycle. All of the results confirmed that organic carbon exports are a crucial parameter in the carbon balance of peatlands. They also confirmed the influence of peatlands on the chemistry of inland waters, especially in areas subject to local anthropogenic disturbances

Book Summary: Volume 2 of Group Work Experts Share Their Favorite Activities for Supervision is a follow-up to the first volume of this handy resource. This second volume contains more than 50 additionalactivities for the supervision of group work. Activities are organized into four sections: Multicultural and Social Justice Awareness, Supporting Process in Task and PsychoeducationalGroups, Setting and Population Specific interventions, and Developing Skills and the Coleader Relationship in Group Supervision of Group Leaders. Each section begins with adetailed introduction by an expert who reviews the current literature. The multicultural andsocial justice activities identify and address the ways in which identity affects the group as-a-wholeexperience, and also provide a model for supervisor competence. The activities in the Supporting Process in Task and Psychoeducational Groups section are designed to help supervisors more effectively develop and intentionally intervene in these types of groups. The Setting and Population Specific section offers activities for supervisors’ use with unique types of groups across varied contexts, and the development skills and coleader relationship activities support both beginning and more advanced group counselors in their work.

L’objet de cette thèse était d’analyser l’influence des modalités d’intervention d’enseignants d’EPS experts sur l’engagement de leurs élèves dans les activités d’apprentissage, dès le début d’une année scolaire. Deux enseignants, Sophie et Pierre, ont participé à cette recherche. Leur activité a été analysée face à une classe de 6ème SEGPA en natation (15 leçons) et de Seconde générale en volley-ball (8 leçons). Les résultats ont révélé des modalités d’intervention récurrentes de la part des enseignants pour favoriser l’engagement de leurs élèves dans les activités d’apprentissage. Sophie rendait structurante l’utilisation de la métaphore d’un « couteau qui glisserait sur la crème fraiche » pour nommer « ce qu’il y a à apprendre » en natation, consistant notamment à les « presser » pour favoriser leur temps d’engagement moteur. Pierre favorisait l’engagement des élèves par différents « usages du temps » Ces modalités d’intervention contrastées sous-tendaient des dispositions à agir comportant des similitudes et des différences entre les enseignants, et ont eu différents effets sur l’engagement des élèves au cours de la séquence d’enseignement. Concernant Sophie, nous avons constaté une appropriation progressive des métaphores par les élèves. Concernant Pierre, malgré une évolution en « dents de scie », l’engagement des élèves dans les activités d’apprentissage a augmenté au fil de la séquence d’enseignement. Des pistes d’intervention sont exposées et des réflexions sont conduites pour alimenter les dispositifs de vidéoformation existants par des ressources basées sur l’expertise enseignante
The purpose of this thesis was to analyze the influence of the expert PE teacher intervention modalities on the student engagement with learning activities, from the beginning of a school year. Two teachers, Sophie and Pierre, participated in this research. Their activity was analyzed respectively with a SEGPA class in swimming (15 lessons) and with a high school class in volleyball (8 lessons). The results revealed recurrent intervention modalities by teachers to promote their student engagement with learning activities. Sophie used the metaphor of a "knife slipping on fresh cream" to explain "what there is to learn" in swimming. Pierre taught by different "uses of time" to promote their motor time engagement. These contrasting modes of intervention were underpinned by similar and different teacher "dispositions to act". They were different effects on student engagement. Regarding Sophie, we noticed a gradual appropriation of metaphors by students. Regarding Pierre, despite a "sawtooth" evolution, student engagement with learning activities has increased. Intervention lines are exposed and reflections are conducted to develop video-training with resources based on teaching expertise

De nombreuses catastrophes de diverses envergures frappent régulièrement des populations partout dans le monde. Parmi les exemples marquant on peut citer l'ouragan Katrina en 2005, le tremblement de terre en Haïti en 2010 ou plus récemment le Tsunami au Japon et la catastrophe de Fukujima qui a suivie. Au cours de ces catastrophes, plusieurs centaines d'organisations, comme la police, les pompiers ou les organisations d'aide humanitaire, interviennent pour sauver les gens et aider à revenir à une vie normale. Ces organisations ont besoin de se coordonner pour faire face à une situation dynamique avec des ressources limitées et une vision partielle de la situation. L'évolution de la situation entraîne souvent des changements d'objectif et de plan. Un des problèmes typique est d'obtenir un aperçu sur les relations entre ce qui a été fait, ce qui se passe actuellement et quelles sont les prochaines étapes. Ce problème est particulièrement difficile sur le plan inter-organisationnel : Chaque organisation coordonne la réponse de sa propre perspective et s'appuie sur les informations fournies par d'autres organisations. Notre objectif dans cette thèse est d'étudier comment supporter la coordination des activités par des personnes de différentes organisations dans une situation dynamique par un système d'information. L'idée de base est de tirer profit d'une approche basée sur les processus, où les activités et leurs relations sont rendues explicites. Nous présentons un cadre pour la coordination des activités dans des situations dynamiques. Il permet la modélisation ad hoc des relations entre ce qui a été fait, ce qui se passe actuellement et quelles sont les prochaines étapes. Les écarts par rapport au modèle et comment les activités ont été réalisées sont affichées à l'utilisateur pour mettre en évidence l'impact de l'évolution des objectifs. Nous étendons ce cadre au niveau inter-organisationnel. Certaines activités peuvent être partagées entre différentes organisations. Tout n'est pas partagé entre tout le monde pour tenir compte du respect de la vie privée, de la réglementation, des raisons stratégiques ou autres. Les activités partagées sont reproduites dans les espaces de travail de ces organisations. Nous décrivons comment des vues divergentes sur les activités et leurs relations peuvent etre détectées et traitées afin de revenir éventuellement à une vue convergente. Les concepts sont mis en œuvre comme une extension d'un service de collaboration distribuée ouvert. Ils ont été évalués par des gestionnaires de catastrophes expérimentés. Par ailleurs, nous avons conçu une expérience visant à évaluer l'utilisation d'outils pour aborder ces question. Nous avons effectué plusieurs expériences pour valider cette expérience. D'autres expériences pourront fournir une validation plus complété du modèle proposé dans cette thèse.

Diploma thesis is focused on Slovak company Nutribak s.r.o. and its potential business activities on the Czech market, especially with gluten-free goods. The created methodology is based on a critical search of current literature related to the the field of marketing, management and trade. Suggested steps are applied to the company Nutribank s.r.o. according to results of the analysis of the current situation, there were created certain steps, that will provide the company with a plan for evolving their business activities and also supporting their position in the Czech market

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Marchetti Marcondes.pdf: 1161112 bytes, checksum: 4745ef914408134f883713606c3519d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-23
This work aims to examine taxation on compensation received by entertainers and sportspeople for the license granted to third parties to use their image rights. Current legislation approaches the matter in a generic way, either equating the use of an image right to a simple obligation to use or to an obligation to give or even not specifically regulating the subject. Therefore, we will present an investigative method by means of which it is possible to consistently decide whether or not to levy taxes in such operations. The proposal herein is to start examining the transaction concerning the use of an image by identifying the main activity agreed in order to subsequently evaluate if such rendering implies an obligation whose legal nature is either to do or to give. The conclusion for charging or not the various taxes will result from the comparison between each tax s material aspect and the legal nature of the analyzed obligation. Notwithstanding, we aim to previously define the characteristic features of personality rights, especially image rights, in order to be able to indicate the constitutional protection provided to the image in its several aspects: social image, sole external image and group external image, differentiating them from arena rights. The purpose is also to analyze distinctive features of the image, which make it a sole and unique right, as well as its legal nature from the several theories developed by the doctrine so as to define the parameters of the image. It is only after the abovementioned definition that this work will effectively examine the compensation gained by the image rights holder. The identification of the main activities involved and their legal nature will allow one to decide on the subsumption of facts concerning the use of the images of entertainers and sportspeople to the following taxes: Municipal Tax on Services (ISS), State Tax on Distribution of Goods, Transport and Communication Services (ICMS), Income Tax (IR), Social Contribution on Net Profits (CSL), Contribution for the Social Integration Program (PIS) and Contribution for the Financing of Social Security (COFINS), Contribution for Economic Intervention Royalties (CIDE-royalties) and Import and Export Duty. By examining the taxation by Income Tax, we will also analyze the possibility of entertainers and sportspeople to constitute legal entities aiming to exploit personal rights and the situations in which it is accepted to disregard the corporate entity. Finally, the paper will address the taxation regime applicable to international transactions comprising the use of the image of those entertainers and sportspeople, in situations which the purpose is an obligation to do and in those in which the purpose is an obligation to give, in compliance with OECD Model Convention and the treaties signed by Brazil in order to avoid double taxation
O trabalho tem por objetivo examinar a tributação da contraprestação recebida por artistas e esportistas em decorrência da licença concedida a terceiros para o uso do direito sobre a sua imagem. Como a legislação existente trata do assunto de forma genérica, ora equiparando a sua utilização a uma obrigação de fazer, ora a uma obrigação de dar, ou mesmo não regulando especificamente a matéria, apresentamos um método investigativo pelo qual é possível concluir com consistência pela incidência ou pela não incidência dos tributos nessas operações. A proposta aqui trazida é a de se examinarem os negócios que envolvam a utilização da imagem a partir da identificação da atividade-fim contratada, para, posteriormente, avaliar se tal prestação consiste em uma obrigação cuja natureza jurídica é de um fazer ou de um dar. A conclusão pela cobrança ou não das espécies tributárias decorrerá do confronto da materialidade de cada uma delas com a natureza jurídica da obrigação analisada. Antes, porém, vamos fixar os traços característicos dos direitos da personalidade e, em especial, do direito de imagem, passando a apontar a tutela constitucional conferida à imagem nas suas diferentes vertentes: atributo, retrato e retrato em obras coletivas, diferenciando-as do direito de arena. Também serão analisados os traços caracterizadores da imagem, que a tornam um direito único e singular, bem como a sua natureza jurídica a partir das diversas teorias desenvolvidas pela doutrina, a fim de delinear os contornos da imagem. Somente após isso é que o estudo passará efetivamente a examinar a contraprestação auferida pelo detentor da imagem, com base na identificação das atividades-fim envolvidas e sua natureza jurídica para concluir pela sujeição ou não dos fatos envolvendo o uso da imagem de artistas e esportistas ao ISS, ao ICMS, ao IR, à CSL, ao PIS e à COFINS, à CIDEroyalties, ao Imposto de Importação e ao de Exportação. Ao se examinar a tributação pelo IR, também será analisada a possibilidade de artistas e esportistas constituírem pessoas jurídicas com a finalidade de explorar direitos personalíssimos e as situações em que se admite a desconsideração da personalidade jurídica. Por fim, o estudo abordará o regime jurídico tributário aplicável às transações internacionais envolvendo o uso da imagem de artistas e esportistas, nas situações em que o fim pretendido é um fazer e naquelas em que ele consiste em um dar, diante do disposto na Convenção Modelo OCDE e nos tratados firmados pelo Brasil para evitar a dupla tributação da renda

碩士
國立臺南大學
資訊教育研究所教學碩士班
93
The purpose of this research was to acquire related knowledge of intervention strategies adopted by expert tutors in computer supported collaborative learning activities. Six expert tutor candidates participated in this research. These expert tutors first tried out intervention strategies through and then proceeded to an experimental computer supported collaborative learning situation. The data of these tutors and students generated in the experimental activity were collected and analyzed to gather the knowledge relevant to how an effective tutor involved and intervened in group learning. The results of this research not only provide a reference for teachers to guide students in computer supported collaborative learning activities, but also can be used as a basis to design a future intelligent collaborative learning system.

Transfer of information between CAD models and downstream manufacturing process planning software typically involves redundant user interaction. Many existing tools are process-centric and unsuited for selection of a "best process" in the context of existing concurrent engineering design tools. A computer based Feature-Recognition (FR) process is developed to extract critical manufacturing features from engineering product CAD models. FR technology is used for automating the extraction of data from CAD product models and uses wire-frame geometry extracted from an IGES neutral file format. Existing hint-based feature recognition techniques have been extended to encompass a broader range of manufacturing domains than typical in the literature, by utilizing a combination of algorithms, each successful at a limited range of features. Use of wire-frame models simplifies product geometry and has the potential to support rapid manufacturing shape evaluation at the conceptual design stage. Native CAD files are converted to IGES neutral files to provide geometry data marshalling to remove variations in user modelling practice, and to provide a consistent starting point for FR operations. Wire-frame models are investigated to reduce computer resources compared to surface and solid models, and provide a means to recover intellectual property in terms of manufacturing design intent from legacy and contemporary product models. Geometric ambiguity in regard to what is ?solid? and what is not has plagued wire-frame FR development in the past. A new application of crossing number theory (CNT) has been developed to solve the wire-frame ambiguity problem for a range of test parts. The CNT approach works satisfactorily for products where all faces of the product can be recovered and is tested using a variety of mechanical engineering parts. Platform independent tools like Extensible Mark-up Language are used to capture data from the FR application and provide a means to separate FR and decision support applications. Separate applications are composed of reusable software modules that may be combined as required. Combining rule-based and case-based reasoning provides decision support to the manufacturing application as a means of rejecting unsuitable processes on functional and economic grounds while retaining verifiable decision pathways to satisfy industry regulators.

ABSTRACT Sharon Ann Milligan USING THE NURSING INTERVENTIONS CLASSIFICATION (NIC) TO CODIFY THE NURSING ACTIVITIES OF ADVANCED BEGINNER, COMPETENT/PROFICIENT, AND EXPERT NURSES There is an increasing awareness of the need to achieve interoperability, the capability of different clinical documentation systems to communicate with each other. This sharing of data can only be achieved by the implementation of structured terminologies, such as the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC). The classification of nursing data will enable nursing practice to be measured consistently. A nursing research study on the complexity of nursing provided a unique opportunity for the secondary analysis of actual observed nursing activities. An evaluation of these activities was conducted to determine if the NIC could be used to code the data. Observational data from two advanced beginner nurses, two competent/proficient nurses, and two expert nurses were coded with the NIC by two health informatics graduate students. The agreement between coders in the identification of a nursing intervention, unitizing inter-rater reliability, was calculated as 91.55%. The consistency of coding between coders, interpretive inter-rater reliability, was calculated as 75.60%. The results of this study show that the flexibility inherent in the design of the NIC can pose issues in the consistent assignment of interventions to the observed nursing activities. The challenges of implementing the NIC in a complex nursing environment can also be seen.

碩士
國立臺南大學
數位學習科技學系碩士班
99
Teaching styles have been transforming from traditional ways into an era applying information technologies for multidisciplinary education purposes. Within the theme of learning-in-action, educational technology is evolving with new characteristics. Teaching materials can integrate with new teaching models that allow students to study free from the limitations of space and time. Via wireless networks, personalized learning guidance can be provided to individual students while they are exploring in the authentic learning environment. Through the high performance data transmission technology, students can access needed information and interact with the learning system that integrates the contents with practical operations for achieving the teaching objectives determined by the teachers. In this study, an expert system-based approach is proposed for providing learning guidance in mobile learning activities. A mobile learning system has been developed for enabling learners to obtain the needed learning materials at any time. The system is able to compare the students’ observation records with the teachers’ knowledge in the database, and provide them learning guidance accordingly. An experiment has been conducted on tenth graders. The experimental results show that the students in the experimental group have performed significantly better than those in the control group, especially in the improvements of critical thinking and analysis competences. Moreover, their motivations of expecting success and self effectiveness and belief-persistence have been significantly increased and their anxiety to tests has been reduced as well. These results support the effectives of the mobile learning model, which could be a good reference for other educational applications.

Title of the bachelor's work: "Comparison individual game activities with individual game performance of the league players BC Brandýs of category U19 in basketball. Goals: In my thesis I focused on testing the level of individual game activities and afterwards Compare the results with individual game performance of the players Methods: For diagnosis were used the test of basketball skills and expert analysis of coach and assistant coach. This analysis evaluated the level of performance of individual basketball. Elements. The test of basketball skills and the expert analysis were carried out during the basketball season 2011/12. The results of the basketball skills test were evaluated according to the criterions established by tehe club for this age category (see Chapter 7.3.2). There were determined the evaluation criterions, respectively the rating scale in the rande 1 to 5, for evaluation of the level of basketball elements /see Chapter 7.3.1). The palyers were compared within thein team and based on the results of the evaluation there was assembler the rating of the players. This testing og the individual game activities was compared with the statistics of each player, technical reports respectively with the astatistics of the payers during the baskeball season 2011/12 and with thein individual...

This study will identify those concerned characteristics of the electronics firms based on the international context to investigate the export development activities at the general level in order to provide a departure point for determining where the gaps in the Thai electronics industry exporting occur.
Thesis (DoctorateofBusinessAdministration)--University of South Australia, 2008

碩士
國立新竹教育大學
幼兒教育研究所
92
Exploration of Experts’ Opinions on “Integrated English Learning Activities” for Young Children Yu-Feng Liu Abstract Kindergartens, especially the private ones, in Taiwan are placing more and more emphasis on English learning in recent years. This situation has resulted in many problems. For one thing, English learning is taking up most of the kindergarten curriculum at the cost of other areas of learning for young children. For another, non-qualified teachers are causing negative influences on children’s learning. On Feb. 9, 2004, the Ministry of Education issued an official statement on English learning for young children, in which it was stressed that English activities should be integrated into the regular curriculum and not as a discrete subject in kindergarten. But details regarding the implementation of integration were not revealed in the statement. This research aims to explore the opinions of experts of early childhood education and English teaching about “integrated English learning activities,” focusing on learning goals, learning content, appropriate age to learn English, teacher’s capabilities, and percentage of integration. The findings are expected to provide some insights for future early childhood education policy-making and practices. A questionnaire designed by the researcher is used as the major tool for data-collection. Interviews with some of the experts provide supplementary information. The research subjects contain 746 experts from 38 early childhood education departments and 94 English teaching related departments of Taiwan’s universities and colleges. Findings are as follows: 1. The experts commonly agree that the major goal of integrated English learning activities should focus on children’s willingness to participate in activities and their positive attitudes toward the English language. 2. Teacher’s capabilities are regarded as the key factor to bring integrated English activities into practice. Basic English communication and teaching skills are viewed as most necessary for teachers. 3. Early childhood education principles are the guidelines for planning integrated English activities (1) Learning materials relevant to children’s experiences are more appropriate. (2) Activities of interest to children are more suitable. (3) Small group activities are regarded more appropriate. 4. There is a positive correlation between children’s age and the degree of appropriateness of implementing integrated English activities. As children grow older, the integrated English activities are more proper for them. 5. Most experts agree that the percentage for integrated English activities in kindergarten curriculum and the percentage for teachers to use English in class should not exceed 20%. Four major suggestions are proposed based on the findings. 1. Teachers should apply early childhood education principles in their integrated English activities and seek to improve their own English capabilities through pre- and in-service training and education. 2. The government should promote the public’s correct understandings of English learning for young children and make long-term solid and well thought-out plans for the implementation of integrated English activities in kindergartens. 3. The training of basic English communication and teaching capacities should be added to the early childhood teacher education program to better equip pre-service teachers. 4. The appropriate integration of early childhood education and English teaching could be the topic for further research. Some research methods are proposed. Keywords: Integrated English activities, early childhood English learning, early childhood education

碩士
國立屏東科技大學
農企業管理系所
100
As confronting severe competition from the transnational corporations in globalized trading system, Taiwan banana exportation needs to strengthen the value activities to enhance the industry competitiveness. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to find out the key value activities of Taiwan banana export. Based on Porter’s Value Chain theory, the relevant literature and documents, and in-depth interviewed with experts, Porter’s five forces analysis and SWOT analysis were analyzed. Porter’s value chain theory was adopted to develope the framework of hierarchy of “key value activities of Taiwan banana export”. After the in-depth interviewed with experts, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to extract the key value activities. As the results, six key value activities of Taiwan banana export are: “specific zone for banana export production”, “contract production and marketing”, “corporation synergy system”, “human resource with recruit and encouragement”, “quality control before receiving”, “improving culture technology”. Keywords: Value Activities, Banana Export, Analysis Hierarchy Process(AHP).

Firms of European small open peripheral economies face an increasing globalization of markets, a strengthening of global value chains, a well documented knowledge and technological gap and these in conjunction to the current crisis at least in the southern part of Europe. These conditions compose a demanding and complex environment within which firms must cope and survive. In this direction, analyzing first and improving in turn competitiveness and productivity of European firms’ has become a primary policy objective of the EU at the national, regional, sectoral and firm level in an attempt to close the growth gap with the United States (Aghion et al., 2008). In this mission, boosting exporting activities and investments in Innovation, R&D and knowledge intensity is of the outmost importance since they are seen as drivers of productivity, growth and competitiveness (EU, 2012). Especially with respect to Greece’s economic outlook and as it has been documented in several European policy documents and analyses, the country’s innovation performance has been consistently characterized as “moderately following” (IUS, 2013) the EU’s innovation leaders. The same picture is sketched with Greek firms’ export performance as a crucial component of its overall competitiveness (European Competitiveness Report, 2012). Examining more closely the relationship between firms’ exporting activities and innovation dynamism, the theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that firms which are presenting innovation activities are more likely to export, more likely to export successfully, and more likely to generate growth from exporting than non-innovating firms (Golovko and Valentini, 2011; Love and Roper, 2013). In other words, innovation and export performance are directly linked with the creation of a sustainable competitive advantage and are considered as a primary precondition for economic growth (Piercy et al., 1998; EU, 2012). More specifically, exporting activities are considered as the primary internationalization mode (Johanson and Valhne, 1977; 2009) and firms’ knowledge and learning processes are expected to play a pivotal part in the internationalization process; firms need to be in a position to apprehend and assimilate new knowledge in order to compete and grow in markets in which they have little or no previous experience (Autio et al. 2000). In this direction, the relationship between the degree of internationalization and the intensity of the production of technological knowledge remains under examination, since the significant heterogeneity in terms of country, industrial distribution, firm size, and other factors has lead to contradictory results (Harris and Li, 2009). In addition, the differential effects of the firms’ environment which in turn can be further specified in various dimensions –such as business culture, organizational characteristics, strategic orientation, national and regional systems of innovation- introduce a significant amount of unobserved heterogeneity in the employed methodological frameworks. At the same time, the causality direction, too closely related to endogeneity issues, between exporting and R&D activities has not been yet addressed adequately. The relevant literature has documented two theoretical strands, the Product Life Cycle and Endogenous Growth theory, which hypothesize on causality direction between exports and R&D activities. More specifically, the Product life cycle theory argues that innovation eventually leads to exporting (Posner, 1961; Vernon, 1966; Krugman, 1979; Dollar, 1986) and this theoretical strand is strongly interrelated with the Market Selection Hypothesis (MSH; Wagner 2007) which favours the argument that exporters have superior performance characteristics than non-exporters. On the other hand, the Endogenous growth models (Grossman and Helpman, 1989, 1990, 1991a; Segerstrom et al., 1990; Young, 1991; Aghion and Howitt, 1998, ch. 11) argue on the reverse direction of causality. The notion behind this is that exporting firms access to foreign markets provides them with feedback from their suppliers and/or customers, which gives them the opportunity to transform this knowledge into innovation. This theoretical strand has been recorded as opposite to the market selection hypothesis and is named Learning by Exporting Hypothesis (LEH; Clerides et al., 1998; Salomon and Shaver, 2005) Both the above hypotheses seem plausible and have been empirically but the relevant literature has provided contradictory results. However, it would only make sense to assume that this causality direction may be not so straightforward since causality may run in both directions that is a two-way linkage between a firm’s exporting and innovating activities may exist (Filipescu et al. 2013). The starting point of this PhD thesis lies on the idea that both these activities may influence each other and therefore, is focused on the investigation of the endogeneity between established knowledge creation processes (R&D activities) and internationalization activities as they are depicted in exporting activities. It is worth mentioning that towards the direction of seeking proof for the existence of an endogenous relationship between R&D activities and exports different methodological approaches have been employed. All of them however, examine the existence of endogeneity between the two main firm activities as well as identifying the appropriate set of determinants for each one of the firms’ activities as the relevant literature dictates. In order to (i) sufficiently address the abovementioned multiple heterogeneity, and (ii) be able to compare them, the present research investigates the interrelationship between R&D and exporting activities on two distinctively different groups of firms. More specifically, two different contextual frameworks are employed, one International and one National. The first group of firms focuses on those firms that are considered to be leaders with respect to R&D investments at a global level. The second group of firms under investigation, concerns the Greek firms which are in turn considered leaders within the national system of innovation they operate but have been consistently characterized as moderately followers within the European context (IUS, 2013). Information for the investigation of the international context was provided by the UK Department of Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS, 2007; 2008). Yet, regarding the national context, a profound lack of information exists both with respect to exporting activities but also with respect to R&D activities at the firm level, which inevitably led to the conducting of a field research at the National Level targeting the Manufacturing Sector. In this line, and in order for the gathered information to be comparable with other European surveys on Innovation and in particular with Community Innovation Survey (CIS), the design of the questionnaire was primarily based on the CIS standards. In addition to the data provided by the National survey, all the financial and other information, including annual expenditures on R&D, for the period 2001-2010 was provided by the electronic database “i-mentor”. Based on this information, a better approximation of R&D performance has become feasible through the construction of Greek R&D active manufacturing firms’ R&D stock (Kumbhakar et al., 2012). The main argument supporting this transformation is that fluctuations in R&D investment flows are more volatile than the knowledge stock acquired from such investments (Dierickx and Cool, 1989). The third chapter of this PhD thesis is devoted in presenting the specificities of the field research, the adopted methodology for the construction of firms’ knowledge stock, along with primary descriptive results sketching the outlook of Greek R&D manufacturing firms. The rest of this PhD thesis involves three essays each one of them examining research questions arising from the endogenous relationship between R&D and export activities.
Η ενίσχυση της δυναμικότητας και του ανταγωνιστικού πλεονεκτήματος των επιχειρήσεων με βάση την καινοτομία και την εξωστρέφεια έχουν απασχολήσει τόσο την ακαδημαϊκή έρευνα όσο και την πολιτική. Ειδικότερα η Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση στήριξε την πολιτική της για την κάλυψη του χάσματος, σε σχέση με τους κύριους ανταγωνιστές της, σε αυτούς τους δυο πυλώνες (Lisbon strategy, ….) τουλάχιστον από τις αρχές του 2000. Αναγνωρίζεται ευρύτατα ότι οι πολιτικές αυτές δεν είχαν τα αναμενόμενα αποτελέσματα όχι γιατί στους δυο παραπάνω πυλώνες αποδόθηκε δυναμική που στην πραγματικότητα δεν είχαν αλλά γιατί οι επιμέρους πολιτικές που σχεδιάσθηκαν και εφαρμόσθηκαν δεν κατάφεραν αφενός να ενισχύσουν κάθε πυλώνα χωριστά και δεν αναγνώρισαν τις μεταξύ τους αλληλεξαρτήσεις. Έτσι, τα ζητήματα τόσο του τεχνολογικού πλεονεκτήματος όπως αυτό αποτυπώνεται στην καινοτομία όσο και της εξωστρέφειας παραμένουν ιδιαίτερα επίκαιρα ειδικά στο πλαίσιο της οικονομικής κρίσης που είναι κυρίαρχη, αν και ασύμμετρα, στο σύνολο της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης. Ειδικά για την Ελλάδα, την περισσότερο πληττόμενη από την κρίση Ευρωπαϊκή οικονομία, αν και έχει αναγνωρισθεί τόσο η υστέρηση των επιχειρήσεων σε όρους καινοτομίας και εξαγωγικού προσανατολισμού και αν και έχουν υλοποιηθεί μια σειρά από παρεμβάσεις σε αυτή την κατεύθυνση, το χάσμα τόσο ως προς το μέσο Ευρωπαϊκό αλλά και ως προς τον μέσο όρο των χωρών του ΟΟΣΑ παραμένει ιδιαίτερα μεγάλο. Η παρούσα Διδακτορική Διατριβή εστιάζει σε ζητήματα που προκύπτουν από την αλληλεπίδραση των δραστηριοτήτων παραγωγής γνώσης και καινοτομίας από την μια και των δραστηριοτήτων διεθνοποίησης των επιχειρήσεων από την άλλη. Πιο συγκεκριμένα διερευνώνται θέματα που προκύπτουν από την ενδογένεια των διαδικασιών παραγωγής γνώσης που αποτυπώνονται σε διαδικασίες Έρευνας και Τεχνολογικής Ανάπτυξης (ΕΤΑ) και δραστηριότητες διεθνοποίησης (internationalization) που με τη σειρά τους αποτυπώνονται σε εξαγωγικές δραστηριότητες. Οι μεθοδολογικές προσεγγίσεις που χρησιμοποιούνται προσαρμόζονται κάθε φορά αφενός στα ιδιαίτερα ερευνητικά ερωτήματα που τίθενται και αφετέρου στην πολλαπλή ετερογένεια που χαρακτηρίζει τις επιχειρήσεις σε μικρή ανοικτή οικονομία, όπως η Ελλάδα, σε σύγκριση με τις ηγέτιδες σε όρους ΕΤΑ επιχειρήσεις διεθνώς. Σε αυτή την κατεύθυνση, διερευνώνται δύο διαφορετικά συστήματα καινοτομίας-διεθνοποίησης, και συγκεκριμένα το Διεθνές και το Εθνικό, που αναφέρονται αντίστοιχα σε δύο διακριτές ομάδες επιχειρήσεων. Η πρώτη ομάδα επιχειρήσεων επικεντρώνεται σε εκείνες που θεωρούνται πρωτοπόροι σε επενδύσεις σε ΕΤΑ σε παγκόσμιο επίπεδο. Η δεύτερη ομάδα επιχειρήσεων που διερευνάται αφορά τις Ελληνικές επιχειρήσεις οι οποίες με τη σειρά τους θεωρούνται πρωτοπόροι εντός του εθνικού συστήματος καινοτομίας στο οποίο δραστηριοποιούνται αλλά ταυτόχρονα έχουν επανειλημμένως χαρακτηριστεί ως «μέτριοι ακόλουθοι» (moderately following) σε όρους καινοτομικής δραστηριότητας εντός της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης (IUS, 2013). Ενώ η διαθεσιμότητα των πληροφοριών για τις επιχειρήσεις που αναγνωρίζονται σε διεθνές επίπεδο ως πρωτοπόρες σε επενδύσεις ΕΤΑ προέκυψε από ανοικτής πρόσβασης βάσεις δεδομένων, για την ελληνική περίπτωση παρατηρήθηκε παντελής έλλειψη σχετικών πληροφοριών τόσο όσον αφορά τις δραστηριότητες ΕΤΑ όσο και τις εξαγωγικές δραστηριότητες των ελληνικών επιχειρήσεων. Η έλλειψη αυτή οδήγησε στην διενέργεια έρευνας πεδίου σε Πανελλαδικό επίπεδο στον τομέα της Μεταποίησης. Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή αποτελείται από έξι κεφάλαια. Στο πρώτο κεφάλαιο πραγματοποιείται επισκόπηση της βιβλιογραφίας πάνω στη σχέση των εξαγωγικών δραστηριοτήτων και των δραστηριοτήτων ΕΤΑ τόσο σε θεωρητικό όσο και σε εμπειρικό επίπεδο και τίθεται το γενικό πλαίσιο της ανάλυσης. Σε αυτή την κατεύθυνση, αναδεικνύεται η συμβολή της παρούσας Διατριβής. Το δεύτερο κεφάλαιο αναφέρεται στο διεθνές σύστημα καινοτομίας όπου οι επιχειρήσεις, ανεξαρτήτως χώρας προέλευσης, ανταγωνίζονται σε όρους παραγωγής γνώσης. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, διερευνάται η ύπαρξη ενδογένειας ανάμεσα στην εξαγωγική ένταση από την μια και την ένταση των δραστηριοτήτων ΕΤΑ από την άλλη στη βάση του επιχειρήματος ότι η γνωσιακή βάση (knowledge base) των ηγέτιδων επιχειρήσεων, σε όρους ΕΤΑ, μεγεθύνεται από ροές γνώσης που προκύπτουν τόσο από τις δραστηριότητες ΕΤΑ όσο και από τις εξαγωγικές δραστηριότητες. Στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο παρουσιάζονται τα βήματα που ακολουθήθηκαν σε σχέση με τον εντοπισμό του πληθυσμού των επιχειρήσεων που καταγράφουν δαπάνες ΕΤΑ στους ετήσιες δημοσιευμένες χρηματοοικονομικές τους καταστάσεις τους, τα κριτήρια που ακολουθήθηκαν για τον «καθαρισμό» των δεδομένων (data cleaning) καθώς και αναλυτική περιγραφή της έρευνας πεδίου. Επιπλέον, παρουσιάζεται η μεθοδολογία που ακολουθήθηκε για την κατασκευή του αποθέματος γνώσης (knowledge stock) των ελληνικών επιχειρήσεων που παρουσιάζουν δραστηριότητες ΕΤΑ καθώς και βασικά περιγραφικά στατιστικά που προέκυψαν από την πληροφορία που συνελέγη από την έρευνα πεδίου. Στη συνέχεια, το τέταρτο κεφάλαιο της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής τοποθετείται εντός του Ελληνικού Συστήματος και αφορά ελληνικές μεταποιητικές επιχειρήσεις που παρουσιάζουν δαπάνες σε ΕΤΑ και ανήκουν σε κλάδους χαμηλής έντασης τεχνολογίας. Συγκεκριμένα, τα ερευνητικά ερωτήματα επικεντρώνονται τόσο στην διερεύνηση ύπαρξης όσο και εκδήλωσης διαφορικών επιδράσεων στο ανταγωνιστικό πλεονέκτημα (competitive advantage) των επιχειρήσεων αυτών που προκύπτει από την απόφαση τους να (μην) εξάγουν. Το ανταγωνιστικό πλεονέκτημα προσεγγίζεται από την εκτίμηση της τεχνικής αποτελεσματικότητας (technical efficiency) όπου το απόθεμα γνώσης αποτελεί την τρίτη εισροή μαζί με τις εισροές του κεφαλαίου και της εργασίας. Έτσι δημιουργείται θεωρητικό υπόδειγμα στο πλαίσιο του οποίου η τεχνική αποτελεσματικότητα, μέσω της διαδικασίας μετατροπής δεξιοτήτων (competences) σε ικανοτήτων (capabilities), αποτυπώνει το ανταγωνιστικό πλεονέκτημα. Σε αυτή την κατεύθυνση υποστηρίζεται ότι το ανταγωνιστικό πλεονέκτημα που βασίζεται στις δραστηριότητες ΕΤΑ των ελληνικών επιχειρήσεων προσδιορίζει ενδογενώς της απόφαση τους να συμμετέχουν στις ξένες αγορές. Το επιχείρημα αυτό στηρίζεται στο ότι οι επιχειρήσεις που καλούνται να αποφασίζουν εάν θα εξάγουν στην πραγματικότητα προεξοφλούν τα αναμενόμενα οφέλη και τα κόστη από τη συγκεκριμένη δραστηριότητα σε σχέση με τη διατήρηση του ανταγωνιστικού πλεονεκτήματος που κατέχουν. Με άλλα λόγια, διερευνάται αν το επιχειρηματικό μοντέλο που έχει υιοθετηθεί από τις εξεταζόμενες επιχειρήσεις, και μετατρέπει τις δεξιότητες σε ικανότητες, στην ουσία προσδιορίζει και την απόφαση για εξαγωγές. Το πέμπτο κεφάλαιο της παρούσας Διδακτορικής Διατριβής διερευνά την ύπαρξη ενδογένειας ανάμεσα στις εξαγωγικές δραστηριότητες και τις διαδικασίες παραγωγής γνώσης των ελληνικών μεταποιητικών επιχειρήσεων που παρουσιάζουν δραστηριότητες ΕΤΑ εντός ενός διευρυμένου θεωρητικού πλαισίου όπου συν-θεωρούνται και άλλες στρατηγικές παράμετροι που είναι πιθανό να επηρεάζουν αυτή τη σχέση. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, οι διαδικασίες παραγωγής γνώσης, όπως έχουν αποτυπωθεί στα επιμέρους συστατικά της γνωσιακής βάσης των επιχειρήσεων αλλά και στην στρατηγική διερεύνησης εξωτερικών συνεργασιών για συνεργασίες στις δραστηριότητες ΕΤΑ, συνδέονται με την εξαγωγική και καινοτομική αποδοτικότητα (export and innovation performance). Ένα επιπλέον επίπεδο πολυπλοκότητας προστίθεται όταν ο διττός χαρακτήρας της έντασης των εξωτερικών συνεργασιών σε ΕΤΑ λαμβάνεται υπόψη. Δηλαδή, διερευνάται σε ποιο βαθμό η ένταση των εξωτερικών συνεργασιών για δραστηριότητες ΕΤΑ συνδέεται με την αποδοτικότητα της διεθνοποίησης των ελληνικών επιχειρήσεων καθώς μπορεί να θεωρηθεί ως εναλλακτικός δρόμος διεθνοποίησης τους. Από την άλλη μεριά η διαδικασίες που συγκροτούν το γνωσιακό απόθεμα των επιχειρήσεων μπορεί να συνδέονται και με την καινοτομική τους απόδοση. Τέλος στο έκτο κεφάλαιο συνθέτονται τα συμπεράσματα από το σύνολο της Διατριβής, διατυπώνονται προτάσεις πολιτικής και καταγράφονται αφενός οι ερευνητικοί περιορισμοί αλλά και αφετέρου τα μελλοντικά ερευνητικά σχέδια.

博士
國立臺中教育大學
教育學系
107
This study aims to examine the relationship among teacher professional development activities, adopting innovations, teacher collaborative, and curriculum design satisfaction between teachers and industry experts. A questionnaire was measured on 52 teachers and 56 industry experts in Department of Applied English of Universities of Science and Technology in central Taiwan. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, two-way analysis of variance, Pearson product-moment correlation, path analysis, and hierarchical linear model. Our findings implied that: 1) there is the interaction effect on teacher professional development activities and teachers adopting innovations; teachers and industry experts are most frequently participated teacher professional development activities with high level of interactive and middle-end of adopting innovations, had highest mean values of curriculum design satisfaction scores, teachers and industry experts are most frequently participated teacher professional development activities with middle-end level of interactive and middle-end of adopting innovations, had lowest mean values of curriculum design satisfaction scores, 2) a significantly positive correlation existed between teachers collaboration and teachers adopting innovations, 3) a significantly effect existed contextual variables of macro level on curriculum design satisfaction, 4) a significantly cross-level interaction effect existed between teachers and industry experts on adopting innovation, 5) teachers are most frequently participated teacher professional development activities with medium level of interactive; industry experts are most frequently participated teacher professional development activities with low level of interactive, 6) teachers' level of adopting innovations is low and industry experts are with high, 7) the kind of teacher collaboration is coordination, and 8) curriculum design satisfaction on teacher and industry experts is upper-intermediate.

碩士
國立東華大學
教育研究所
91
Abstract The purpose of this study is to explore the process of the team of experts to adapt to try and to become mature in the using wireless technology into the outdoor activities of bird watching. The team of experts includes natural scientific teachers, tutors, narrators, and the instructors to aid the mobile learning device offers for bird-watching activities. Researcher made use of qualitative study method to enter experimented activities. In natural outdoor situation, I collected data through the participant observation method, interview, observated records, reflectional notes, and related files. The outcomes of this research are presented following dimensions: 1.There are three experimental schools teamed up with this study. Three experimental schools result the different relationships from adapting to using up-to-date wireless technology. The interactions are also according to the school-administration. Three phases（self-concerns, task-concerns, and impacts-concerns）of collaborated relationship are observed based on the team of experts. 2.The content of courses should attain to knowledge, feeling, and attitude. To take teacher’s life, interest, and specialty to accumulate learner’s knowledge, feeling, and attitude. Therefore, this research made use of the expert to teach the novice.