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Journal articles on the topic 'Expert comparison'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

McNeill, A., M. Suchomska, and A. Strathie. "Expert facial comparison evidence: Science versus pseudo science." Psychology and Law 5, no. 4 (2015): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2015050411.

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Confirming the identity of the accused is a critical component of many criminal trials. However, recent evidence suggests this process is highly error prone and leads to unacceptably high rates of wrongful conviction (Innocence Project, 2015). When photographic identification evidence is ambiguous, facial mapping practitioners may be called upon to make comparisons between images of the culprit and the accused. This practice assumes that the techniques employed are reliable and can be used to assist the court in making identity confirmation decisions. However, previous experimental work in this area has established that many of these techniques are unreliable (Kleinberg, Vanezis & Burton, 2007; Strathie, McNeill & White, 2012). We extend these findings by examining another facial mapping technique that uses gridlines, drawn between face-pairs, as a potential face matching aid (Oxlee, 2007). Results show that a simple side-by-side presentation of face-pairs without gridlines produces most accurate responding. Moreover, the application of the grideline technique increases the likelihood that two different face pairs will judged to be the same. These findings suggest that continuing to admit facial mapping evidence in court is likely to increase, rather than decrease, the incidence of wrongful conviction.

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Kentala, Erna, Martti Juhola, Yrjö Auramo, and Ilmari Pyykkö. "Comparison between Diagnoses of Human Experts and a Neurotologic Expert System." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 107, no. 2 (February 1998): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949810700209.

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The decision-making ability of a recently developed neurotologic expert system was compared with the diagnoses of six physicians. Five of the physicians were residents and one was a specialist in the field of otolaryngology. The test patients were randomly selected from vertiginous patients referred to an otolaryngology clinic. The expert system and the physicians first had identical information on patient history, symptoms, and tests. During the second phase of the study the physicians were allowed to use the full medical records. The correct diagnoses were certified by an experienced specialist in neurotology. The expert system did better in decision-making when both the expert system and the physicians had identical information on patients. However, when the physicians were allowed to use patient's complete medical records, they surpassed the expert system. The expert system diagnosed 65% of the cases, while the physicians first diagnosed 54% of the cases, and then with complete information, 69% of the cases. From the patients' medical records, the physicians obtained information on the time perspective of the symptoms and the progression of the disease. These aspects will be used to further improve the expert system.

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White, David, P. Jonathon Phillips, Carina A. Hahn, Matthew Hill, and Alice J. O'Toole. "Perceptual expertise in forensic facial image comparison." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1814 (September 7, 2015): 20151292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1292.

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Forensic facial identification examiners are required to match the identity of faces in images that vary substantially, owing to changes in viewing conditions and in a person's appearance. These identifications affect the course and outcome of criminal investigations and convictions. Despite calls for research on sources of human error in forensic examination, existing scientific knowledge of face matching accuracy is based, almost exclusively, on people without formal training. Here, we administered three challenging face matching tests to a group of forensic examiners with many years' experience of comparing face images for law enforcement and government agencies. Examiners outperformed untrained participants and computer algorithms, thereby providing the first evidence that these examiners are experts at this task. Notably, computationally fusing responses of multiple experts produced near-perfect performance. Results also revealed qualitative differences between expert and non-expert performance. First, examiners' superiority was greatest at longer exposure durations, suggestive of more entailed comparison in forensic examiners. Second, experts were less impaired by image inversion than non-expert students, contrasting with face memory studies that show larger face inversion effects in high performers. We conclude that expertise in matching identity across unfamiliar face images is supported by processes that differ qualitatively from those supporting memory for individual faces.

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Tikhomirova, Anna, and Elena Matrosova. "Peculiarities of Expert Estimation Comparison Methods." Procedia Computer Science 88 (2016): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.07.420.

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Rizak, Samantha, and Steve E. Hrudey. "Interdisciplinary comparison of expert risk beliefs." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science 4, no. 3 (May 2005): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/s04-052.

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Savkina, Svetlana V. "Expert System for Quality Assessment of Electronic Book Exhibitions." Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)], no. 5 (November 7, 2013): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2013-0-5-32-39.

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The article presents the results of testing the complex methodology of assessment of quality of electronic books exhibitions (EBE). The author describes the project of the expert system, allowing to implement the EBE assessment without the experts’ participation. There is given the comparison of the results of assessments, carried out by experts and by the expert system.

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Miller, Jane E., Paul D. Windschitl, Teresa A. Treat, and Aaron M. Scherer. "Comparisons as Predictors of People’s Beliefs About the Importance of Changing Their Health Behaviors." European Journal of Health Psychology 27, no. 1 (January 2020): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2512-8442/a000043.

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Abstract. The current study tested relative strengths of different comparison beliefs for predicting people’s self-assessments of whether they should increase their health-relevant behaviors (exercise, sleep, and fruit and vegetable consumption). Comparison beliefs relevant to three standards (perceived global, local, expert standards) were evaluated. Data were combined from three similar studies (total N = 744) that had a cross-sectional, within-subject design. Participants completed importance-of-change scales regarding the three health behaviors and reported comparison beliefs and absolute behavior frequencies/amounts. Results were consistent across the three behaviors. Comparison beliefs predicted ratings of importance of changing one’s behavior, even beyond what is predicted by reports of absolute behavior frequency. Expert comparisons were consistently most predictive above and beyond the absolute estimates and the other comparison standards. There was no evidence of a local dominance effect when examining local versus global comparisons. Comparison beliefs have unique utility for predicting people’s perceived importance of changing their heath behavior. The fact that expert comparisons were consistently most predictive (and local comparisons the least) may have implications for interventions designed for encouraging behavior change.

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Guagliano, Rosanna, Donatella Barillà, Chiara Bertone, Anna Maffia, Francesca Periti, Laura Spallone, Giovanni Anselmetti, et al. "Fluorescein Angiography–Based Diagnosis for Retinopathy of Prematurity: Expert-non Expert Comparison." European Journal of Ophthalmology 23, no. 6 (November 2013): 881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5000319.

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Miyamoto, Naokazu, Akemi Hamada, Akiko Odawara, Terumi Aiba, Akira Ii, Yoshifumi Nishimura, Asami Nakai, and Sadayuki Ujihashi. "B1 Comparison between expert and non-expert in sharpening a kitchen knife." Proceedings of Joint Symposium: Symposium on Sports Engineering, Symposium on Human Dynamics 2006 (2006): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmesports.2006.0_187.

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10

Gobet, Fernand. "Expert memory: a comparison of four theories." Cognition 66, no. 2 (May 1998): 115–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-0277(98)00020-1.

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11

Robson, Samuel G., Rachel A. Searston, Gary Edmond, Duncan J. McCarthy, and Jason M. Tangen. "An expert–novice comparison of feature choice." Applied Cognitive Psychology 34, no. 5 (April 24, 2020): 984–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acp.3676.

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Colley, Ann, Louise Banton, Julia Down, and Anthony Pither. "An Expert-Novice Comparison in Musical Composition." Psychology of Music 20, no. 2 (October 1992): 124–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0305735692202003.

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Suls, Jerry, René Martin, and Ladd Wheeler. "Three Kinds of Opinion Comparison: The Triadic Model." Personality and Social Psychology Review 4, no. 3 (August 2000): 219–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0403_2.

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This article introduces the triadic model, which proposes that the social comparison of opinion is best considered in terms of 3 different evaluative questions: preference assessment (i.e., “Do I like X?”), belief assessment (i.e., “Is X correct?”), and preference prediction (i.e., “Will I like X?”). Each evaluative question is associated with a different comparison dynamic. The triadic model proposes that comparisons with persons similar in related attributes have special importance for preference assessment. For belief assessment, comparisons with persons of more advantaged status (or “expert”) are most meaningful, although comparison targets also should hold certain basic values in common (the “similar expert”). Finally, in preference prediction, the most meaningful comparisons are with a person who has already experienced X (a proxy) and who exhibits either consistency (but not necessarily similarity) in related attributes or past preferences. Prior research and 4 new studies are described that support the theory.

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KUME, Masashi, Mamoru KOJIMA, Syun KOJIMA, Mio ARAI, Masaki SAKATA, Natumi SASAOKA, Akihiko GOTO, Tetuya YOSHIDA, and Hiroyuki HAMADA. "405 Comparison of motion concerning making "Kyo-Chochin" in expert and non-expert." Proceedings of the Materials and processing conference 2010.18 (2010): _405–1_—_405–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemp.2010.18._405-1_.

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Velychko, O., and T. Gordienko. "Generalized Comparison of the Results of the Group Expert Assessment for the State of Metrological Assurance of Measurements." Metrology and instruments, no. 5 (October 19, 2018): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(5)2018.3-10.

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The article presents the results of research of existing methods for conducting group expert assessment. The method of group expert assessment taking into account the competence of the experts involved on the basis of previously established criteria was used. A group expert evaluation of the state of metrological assurance for ten types of measurement was carried out. Results are processed used of specialized and universal software. A comparative analysis of the results obtained to assess the suitability of the methods was conducted. The primary issues are metrological assurance for measurements of electrical quantities and the measurement of time and frequency for further in-depth study.

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Goolsby, Thomas W. "A Comparison of Expert and Novice Music Teachers' Preparing Identical Band Compositions: An Operational Replication." Journal of Research in Music Education 47, no. 2 (July 1999): 174–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3345722.

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This replication is the third causal-comparative study of expert and novice instrumental music teachers seeking to determine characteristics that may define successful, outstanding band directors, using methodology refined in two previous studies (Goolsby, 1996, 1997). Here, 10 expert and 10 novice teachers prepared an identical composition for a rated performance. A total of 216 rehearsals were analyzed to establish frequency distributions for 30 teaching and performance variables and for sequential patterns of instruction. Results showed that novices used more time overall and spent more time in verbal instruction while preparing the composition. The expert teachers spent a greater percentage of the rehearsals performing than novices did. Differences for frequency distributions indicate that novice teachers stopped and restarted more frequently without providing instruction; experts addressed balance, style, tone, and intonation more than did novices.

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Jabbour, Randa, Sarah Zwickle, Eric R. Gallandt, Katherine E. McPhee, Robyn S. Wilson, and Doug Doohan. "Mental models of organic weed management: Comparison of New England US farmer and expert models." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 29, no. 4 (June 27, 2013): 319–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170513000185.

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AbstractWeeds are a major challenge for organic farmers, yet we know little about the factors influencing organic farmers’ weed management decisions. We hypothesized that farmers and scientist ‘experts’ differ in fundamental areas of knowledge and perceptions regarding weeds and weed management. Moreover, these differences prevent effective communication, outreach programming and research prioritization. An expert mental model, constructed primarily from interviews with research scientists and extension professionals, revealed expert emphasis on knowledge of ecological weed management as crucial for successfully implementing such strategies. We interviewed 23 organic farmers in northern New England, yielding an aggregate farmer mental model to compare with the expert model. Farmers demonstrated knowledge of the major concepts discussed by experts, but differed in emphasis. Farmers placed less emphasis on ecological complexity than experts. One-third of farmers interviewed discussed the potential role of weeds as indicators of soil nutrient status, a concept of which experts were skeptical. Farmer beliefs about the weed seedbank highlighted potential misconceptions regarding seed persistence, with one-fourth of farmers focusing on the concept that seeds can live for an exceptionally long time in the soil, while experts focused on the concept of the seed half-life. Farmers emphasized the role of experience, both their own and that of other farmers, rather than knowledge derived from scientific research. Farmers considered yield and the cost of time and labor as equally at risk because of weeds, whereas experts predominantly discussed yield loss. During discussions of management, both farmers and experts most emphasized risks associated with cultivation and benefits associated with cover cropping. These results have prompted us, first, to develop new educational materials focused on weed seed longevity and management of the weed seedbank, and, second, to conduct regional focus groups with farmers who prioritize fertility management in their efforts to control weeds, especially manipulations of soil calcium and magnesium.

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Raith, Corinna Petra, and Stefan Koch. "Perceived Quality of Online Encyclopedias." International Journal of Social Media and Online Communities 11, no. 1 (January 2019): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsmoc.2019010104.

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This study illustrates how different user groups perceive and evaluate the content quality of Wikipedia articles as compared to entries of a traditional encyclopedia. Therefore, an experimental set-up was used with blinded articles of different topic fields from the German Wikipedia and Brockhaus online, evaluated by experts with different backgrounds (university vs. practice) and by students of the field. The findings showed that the quality of both encyclopedias was assessed similarly (intra-group evaluations), although more faults and mistakes were criticized in the Wikipedia sample. However, the inter-group comparison revealed differences in the groups' quality perceptions. This partly applied to the comparison of the expert groups, and especially to the comparison of expert and (non-expert) student evaluations. Students tended to give better ratings, especially within the Wikipedia sample. Most noticeable, they did not detect any content-related faults in both sets, highlighting that further training is needed to improve their information literacy.

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Einstein, Elizabeth E., and Ken W. Edwards. "Comparison of an Expert System to Human Experts in Well-Log Analysis and Interpretation." SPE Formation Evaluation 5, no. 01 (March 1, 1990): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/18129-pa.

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Oleynikov, Denis P., Lyudmila N. Butenko, Helen M. Moshkovich, and Alexander I. Mechitov. "ARACE – A New Method for Verbal Decision Analysis." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 14, no. 01 (January 2015): 115–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622014500801.

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ARACE is a new method developed within the framework of Verbal Decision Analysis (VDA). VDA methods work with verbal form of preference elicitation and evaluation of alternatives without resorting to numbers. ARACE is based on the ideas of the VDA method ZAPROS but uses a more flexible approach to inconsistency of the decision-maker's preferences by introducing a special construct of a "quasi-expert." Mismatched preferences of the decision-maker are viewed as preferences of several quasi-experts. The preference system for each quasi-expert is transitive, leading to consistent decision rules formed for each quasi-expert separately. These rules are used to compare alternatives. Differences in possible comparison of alternatives based on different quasi-experts are resolved through a Clustered Rankings Method for rankings with ties.

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Choi, Kyeong-Hee, Dae-Min Kim, Min-Uk Cho, Chae-Won Park, Seoung-Yeon Kim, Min-Jung Kim, and Yong-Ku Kong. "Application of AULA Risk Assessment Tool by Comparison with Other Ergonomic Risk Assessment Tools." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 5, 2020): 6479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186479.

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Agricultural upper limb assessment (AULA), which was developed for evaluating upper limb body postures, was compared with the existing assessment tools such as rapid upper limb assessment (RULA), rapid entire body assessment (REBA), and ovako working posture analysis system (OWAS) based on the results of experts’ assessments of 196 farm tasks in this study. The expert group consisted of ergonomists, industrial medicine experts, and agricultural experts. As a result of the hit rate analysis, the hit rate (average: 48.6%) of AULA was significantly higher than those of the other assessment tools (RULA: 33.3%, REBA: 30.1%, and OWAS: 34.4%). The quadratic weighted kappa analysis also showed that the kappa value (0.718) of AULA was significantly higher than those of the other assessment tools (0.599, 0.578, and 0.538 for RULA, REBA, and OWAS, respectively). Based on the results, AULA showed a better agreement with expert evaluation results than other evaluation tools. In general, other assessment tools tended to underestimate the risk of upper limb posture in this study. AULA would be an appropriate evaluation tool to assess the risk of various upper limb postures.

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Carmichael, M., and P. Bridge. "Expert patient perspectives on radiotherapy: a phenomenological comparison." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 16, no. 2 (February 20, 2017): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396916000625.

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AbstractBackgroundPatient involvement in health profession student training is becoming more common and includes clinical case studies, informing curriculum development and active teaching in dedicated patient experience sessions. Despite a growing evidence base supporting patient involvement, there is little published data concerning motivation for involvement. A qualitative study was performed to provide narrative relating to patient experiences in expert patient sessions on an undergraduate radiation therapy course.MethodsA phenomenological approach utilised semi-structured interviews with two expert patients from different backgrounds. A common set of questions were used for each participant. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed before thematic coding.ResultsBoth participants identified areas of similarity as well as key difference in their experiences. Both had different levels of public speaking experience as well as different levels of knowledge relating to radiation therapy treatment. Both found the initial session emotional but ultimately enjoyed the process and found it cathartic.ConclusionThe patients enjoyed this experience and identified clear value of the teaching for themselves and the students. Previous public speaking or clinical experience seemed to have limited impact on patient experience and suggested the vulnerability of the situation. Both had different perspectives of their fellow patients and their role in the healthcare partnership. These findings indicate the value of ensuring students have access to a range of perspectives from different patients.

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Dhar, Vasant, and Nicky Ranganathan. "Integer programming vs. expert systems: an experimental comparison." Communications of the ACM 33, no. 3 (March 1990): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/77481.77485.

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Nelson Ford, F. "Decision support systems and expert systems: A comparison." Information & Management 8, no. 1 (January 1985): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7206(85)90066-7.

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Plant, Robert T., and Juan P. Salinas. "Expert systems shell benchmarks: The missing comparison factor." Information & Management 27, no. 2 (August 1994): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7206(94)90009-4.

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Retnawati, Heri. "Proving content validity of self-regulated learning scale (The comparison of Aiken index and expanded Gregory index)." Research and Evaluation in Education 2, no. 2 (December 28, 2016): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/reid.v2i2.11029.

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This study aims to prove the content validity of the self-regulated learning (SRL) scale using Likert model and multiple-choice model with content validity coefficient based on expert assessments with Aiken formula and expanded Gregory formula. In this study, the SRL scale with Likert and multiple-choice model are developed using the same outline/format. There are three experts who assess the items' relevancy using indicators of both scale formats. The results of the expert assessments are then used to calculate the coefficient of the validity with Aiken formula and the expanded Gregory formula. The results showed that the content validity coefficient based on expert assessment on Likert and multiple-choice format with Aiken formula is at 0.9 for each, while using the Aiken formula and expanded Gregory formula, the coefficient is 0.6 for Likert, and 0.8 for multiple-choice.

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Yokota, Hiroki, Munekazu Naito, Naoki Mizuno, and Shigemichi Ohshima. "Framework for visual-feedback training based on a modified self-organizing map to imitate complex motion." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 234, no. 1 (September 6, 2019): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337119872405.

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The goal of this research was to develop a visual-feedback system, based on motion sensing and computational technologies, to help athletes and patients imitate desired motor skills. To accomplish this objective, the authors used a self-organizing map to visualize high-dimensional, time-series motion data. The cyclic motion of one expert and five non-experts was captured as they pedaled a bicycle ergometer. A self-organizing map algorithm was used to display the corresponding circular motion trajectories on a two-dimensional motor skills map. The non-experts modified their motion to make their real-time motion trajectory approach that of the expert, thereby training themselves to imitate the expert motion. The root mean square error, which represents the difference between the non-expert motion and the expert motion, was significantly reduced upon using the proposed visual-feedback system. This indicates that the non-expert subjects successfully approximated the expert motion by repeated comparison of their trajectories on the motor skills map with that of the expert. The results demonstrate that the self-organizing map algorithm provides a unique way to visualize human movement and greatly facilitates the task of imitating a desired motion. By capturing the appropriate movements for display in the visual-feedback system, the proposed framework may be adopted for sports training or clinical practice.

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Bryzgalina, Elena V., and Vladimir N. Kiselev. "Expert and Layman." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 57, no. 2 (2020): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202057218.

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The article substantiates the possibility of interpreting expertise as a research communicative practice, in contrast to the expert “comparison with the sample”. Inside the so-called examinations, a counter-examination is institutionally integrated. The communication of expert and counter-expert position, which is a phenomenological personality choice, can take a form of personal institutionalized communication, and can be mediated by mediators and media texts. The results of examination and counter-interaction are determined by many factors, among which the coincidence (mismatch) of the images of the future. Communication between a layman and an expert about science-dimensional situations can be considered in prism of various optics – linguistic, sociological, socio-political, psychological optics, fixing a number of several paradoxes (equality, limited choice, excess / deficit).

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Auerbach, A. J., M. Higgins, P. Brickman, and T. C. Andrews. "Teacher Knowledge for Active-Learning Instruction: Expert–Novice Comparison Reveals Differences." CBE—Life Sciences Education 17, no. 1 (March 2018): ar12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.17-07-0149.

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Active-learning strategies can improve science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) undergraduates’ abilities to learn fundamental concepts and skills. However, the results instructors achieve vary substantially. One explanation for this is that instructors commonly implement active learning differently than intended. An important factor affecting how instructors implement active learning is knowledge of teaching and learning. We aimed to discover knowledge that is important to effective active learning in large undergraduate courses. We developed a lesson-analysis instrument to elicit teacher knowledge, drawing on the theoretical construct of teacher noticing. We compared the knowledge used by expert (n = 14) and novice (n = 29) active-learning instructors as they analyzed lessons. Experts and novices differed in what they noticed, with experts more commonly considering how instructors hold students accountable, topic-specific student difficulties, whether the instructor elicited and responded to student thinking, and opportunities students had to generate their own ideas and work. Experts were also better able to support their lesson analyses with reasoning. This work provides foundational knowledge for the future design of preparation and support for instructors adopting active learning. Improving teacher knowledge will improve the implementation of active learning, which will be necessary to widely realize the potential benefits of active learning in undergraduate STEM.

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Saastamoinen, Kalle, and Jaakko Ketola. "Fuzzy Logic and Differential Evolution Based Expert System for Defining Top Athlete's Aerobic and Anaerobic Thresholds." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 9, no. 5 (September 20, 2005): 534–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2005.p0534.

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This article describes an expert system for defining an athlete's aerobic and anaerobic thresholds that successfully mimics the decision-making done by sport medicine professionals. The functionality of our system is based on the fuzzy comparison measure, generalized mean, fuzzy membership functions and differential evolution. Differential evolution is used to tune the parameters in our comparison measure. This measure is based on the use of fuzzy equivalences and a modification factor that tunes the shape of the membership function in hand. The measure presented is especially suitable for expert systems. We will test our system in order to show that our result does not show any statistically significant difference from the values estimated by experts.

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Suzuki, Kei, Shinji Kusunoki, Koichi Tanigawa, and Nobuaki Shime. "Comparison of three video laryngoscopes and direct laryngoscopy for emergency endotracheal intubation: a retrospective cohort study." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (March 2019): e024927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024927.

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ObjectiveVideo laryngoscopes are used for managing difficult airways. This study compared three video laryngoscopes’ (Pentax-Airway Scope [Pentax], King Vision[King] and McGrath MAC [McGrath]) performances with the Macintosh direct laryngoscope (Macintosh) as emergency tracheal intubations (TIs) reference.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingThe emergency department (ED) and the intensive care unit (ICU) of two Japanese tertiary-level hospitals.ParticipantsAll consecutive video-recorded emergency TI cases in EDs and ICUs between December 2013 and June 2015.Primary outcome measuresThe primary study endpoint was first-pass intubation success. A subgroup analysis examined the first-pass intubation success of expert versus non-expert operators. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of first-pass intubation success.ResultsA total of 287 emergency TIs were included. The first-pass intubation success rates were 78%, 58%, 78% and 58% for the Pentax, King, McGrath and Macintosh instruments, respectively (p=0.004, Fisher’s exact test). The non-expert operators’ success rates were significantly higher (p=0.00004, Fisher’s exact test) for the Pentax (87%) and McGrath (78%) instruments than that for the King (50%) and Macintosh (46%) instruments, unlike that of the experts (67%, 67%, 78% and 78% for Pentax, McGrath, King and Macintosh, respectively; p=0.556, Fisher’s exact test). After TI indication, difficult airway characteristics, and expert versus non-expert operator parameters adjustments, the Pentax (OR=3.422, 95% CI 1.551 to 7.550; p=0.002) and McGrath (OR= 3.758, CI 1.640 to 8.612; p=0.002) instruments showed significantly higher first-pass intubation success odds when compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope (reference, OR=1). The King instrument, however, (OR=1.056; 95% CI 0.487 to 2.289, p=0.889) failed to show any significant superiority.ConclusionThe Pentax and McGrath laryngoscopes showed significantly higher emergency TI first-pass intubation success rates than the King laryngoscope when compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope, especially for non-expert operators.Trial registration numberUMIN000027925; Results.

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Liu, Wei, Cheng Kun Liu, Da Min Zhuang, Zhong Qi Liu, and Xiu Gan Yuan. "Comparison of Expert and Novice Eye Movement Behaviors during Landing Flight." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 2556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.2556.

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Objective To study expert and novice eye movement pattern during simulated landing flight for providing references to evaluate flight performance and training of pilots. Methods The subjects were divided in to two group s of expert and novice according to their flight simulation experience. Eye movement data were recorded when they were performing landing task. Comparison of expert and novice flight performance data and eye movement data was made. Results It was found that the differences between expert and novice lay not only in flight performance but also in eye movement pattern. Performance of expert was better than novice. Expert had shorter fixation time, more fixation points, faster scan velocity, greater scan frequency and wider scan area than novice. It was also found that eye movement pattern of expert bring lower mental workload than novice. Conclusion Flight performance is related to eye movement pattern. Effective eye movement pattern is related to good flight performance. The analysis of eye movement indices can evaluate pilots’ flight performance and provide reference for flight training.

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Taliancich-Klinger, Casey, and Solaman Cooperson. "Clinical Supervision in a Medical Setting: A Preliminary Study About the Practices and Beliefs of Expert and Novice Clinician Supervisors." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 2, no. 11 (January 2017): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/persp2.sig11.7.

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This project explores perceptions of the clinical supervision practices from the perspective of expert and novice speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in a medical setting. Expert and novices may have different philosophies and beliefs about supervision that could impact a young clinician's learning (Peña & Kiran, 2008). An expert was defined as having more than five years of clinical experience in the medical setting with supervision experience of at least 10 students. Novice clinicians had worked for less than five years and had supervised a minimum of one student. An interview adapted from counseling literature (Okech & Rubel, 2009), was used to collect data on beliefs about supervision practices of two expert and two novice SLPs supervising graduate students at a hospital in Texas. Results indicated that novices were more likely to experience stress related to supervision and did not provide regular feedback to their supervisees in comparison to their expert peers. Experts were more likely to have a positive view of supervision and provide feedback more consistently. These reported differences in perceptions have implications for clinical teaching as novices and experts may have different ways of supervising potentially impacting learning for beginning speech-language pathology clinicians.

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IMAMURA, Masaki, and Yasuyuki HAMADA. "Comparison of Work Process Between Expert and Non-Expert on Edge Preparation of Steel Plate." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2017 (2017): S0450104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2017.s0450104.

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TAKAI, Yuka, Yuki YANETANI, Akihiko GOTO, Akemi HAMADA, and Akira Ii. "513 Comparison between Expert and Non-expert in Compressive Pressure of Sharpening a Kitchen Knife." Proceedings of the Materials and processing conference 2012.20 (2012): _513–1_—_513–3_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemp.2012.20._513-1_.

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SUGIMOTO, Taku, Hisanori YUMINAGA, and Eriko AIBA. "720 Difference in polishing work between expert and non-expert by comparison of polishing sounds." Proceedings of the Materials and processing conference 2013.21 (2013): _720–1_—_720–3_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemp.2013.21._720-1_.

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Eloy, Jean Anderson, Peter F. Svider, Adam J. Folbe, William T. Couldwell, and James K. Liu. "Comparison of plaintiff and defendant expert witness qualification in malpractice litigation in neurological surgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 120, no. 1 (January 2014): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.8.jns13584.

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Object Expert witnesses provide a valuable societal service, interpreting complex pieces of evidence that may be misunderstood by nonmedical laypersons. The role of medical expert witness testimony and the potential professional repercussions, however, have been controversial in the medical community. The objective of the present analysis was to characterize the expertise of neurological surgeons testifying as expert witnesses in malpractice litigation. Methods Malpractice litigation involving expert testimony from neurological surgeons was obtained using the WestlawNext legal database. Data pertaining to duration of a surgeon's practice, scholarly impact (as measured by the h index), practice setting, and the frequency with which a surgeon testifies were obtained for these expert witnesses from various online resources including the Scopus database, online medical facility and practice sites, and state medical licensing boards. Results Neurological surgeons testifying in 326 cases since 2008 averaged over 30 years of experience per person (34.5 years for plaintiff witnesses vs 33.2 for defense witnesses, p = 0.35). Defense witnesses had statistically higher scholarly impact than plaintiff witnesses (h index = 8.76 vs 5.46, p < 0.001). A greater proportion of defense witnesses were involved in academic practice (46.1% vs 24.4%, p < 0.001). Those testifying on behalf of plaintiffs were more likely to testify multiple times than those testifying on behalf of defendants (20.4% vs 12.6%). Conclusions Practitioners testifying for either side tend to be very experienced, while those testifying on behalf of defendants have significantly higher scholarly impact and are more likely to practice in an academic setting, potentially indicating a greater level of expertise. Experts for plaintiffs were more likely to testify multiple times. Surgical societies may need to clarify the necessary qualifications and ethical responsibilities of those who choose to testify.

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Bochkov, A. V. "Method of using the transitive graph of a Markovian process as part of ranking of heterogeneous items." Dependability 21, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2021-21-1-11-16.

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Hierarchy analysis developed by Thomas Saaty is a closed logical structure that uses simple and well-substantiated rules that allow solving multicriterial problems that include both quantitative, and qualitative factors, whereby the quantitative factors can differ in terms of their dimensionality. The method is based on problem decomposition and its representation as a hierarchical arrangement, which allows including into such hierarchy all the knowledge the decision-maker has regarding the problem at hand and subsequent processing of decision-makers’ judgements. As the result, the relative degree of the interaction between the elements of such hierarchy can be identified and later quantified. Hierarchy analysis includes the procedure of multiple judgement synthesis, criteria priority definition and rating of the compared alternatives. The method’s significant limitation consists in the requirement of coherence of pairwise comparison matrices for correct definition of the weights of compared alternatives. The Aim of the paper is to examine a non-conventional method of solving the problem of alternative ratings estimation based on their pairwise comparisons that arises in the process of expert preference analysis in various fields of research. Approaches are discussed to the generation of pairwise comparison matrices taking into consideration the problem of coherence of such matrices and expert competence estimation. Method. The methods of hierarchy analysis, models and methods of the Markovian process theory were used. Result. The paper suggested a method of using the transitive graph of a Markovian process as part of expert ranking of items of a certain parent entity subject to the competence and qualification of the experts involved in the pairwise comparison. It is proposed to use steady-state probabilities of a Markovian process as the correlation of priorities (weights) of the compared items. The paper sets forth an algorithm for constructing the final scale of comparison taking into consideration the experts’ level of competence. Conclusion. The decision procedures, in which the experts are expected to choose the best alternatives out of the allowable set, are quite frequently used in a variety of fields for the purpose of estimation and objective priority definition, etc. The described method can be applied not only for comparing items, but also for solving more complicated problems of expert group estimation, i.e., planning and management, prediction, etc. The use of the method contributes to the objectivity of analysis, when comparing alternatives, taking into consideration various aspects of their consequences, as well as the decision-maker’s attitude to such consequences. The suggested model-based approach allows the decision-maker identifying and adjusting his/her preferences and, consequently, choosing the decisions according to such preferences, avoiding logical errors in long and complex reasoning chains. This approach can be used in group decision-making, description of the procedures that compensate a specific expert’s insufficient knowledge by using information provided by the other experts.

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Huang, Anqiang, Han Qiao, Shouyang Wang, and John Liu. "Improving Forecasting Performance by Exploiting Expert Knowledge: Evidence from Guangzhou Port." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 15, no. 02 (March 2016): 387–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622016500085.

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Expert knowledge has been proved by substantial studies to be contributory to higher forecasting performance; meanwhile, its application is criticized and opposed by some groups for biases and inconsistency inherent in experts’ subjective judgment. This paper proposes a new approach to improving forecasting performance, which takes advantage of expert knowledge by constructing a constraint equation rather than directly adjusting the predicted values by experts. For the comparison purpose, the proposed approach, together with several widely used models including ARIMA, BP-ANN and the judgment model (JM), is applied to forecasting the container throughput of Guangzhou Port, which is one of the most important ports of China. Forecasting performances of the above models are compared and the results clearly show superiority of the proposed approach over its rivals, which implies that expert knowledge will make positive contribution as long as it is used in a right way.

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Ettenson, Richard, James Shanteau, and Jack Krogstad. "Expert Judgment: Is More Information Better?" Psychological Reports 60, no. 1 (February 1987): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1987.60.1.227.

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Two groups of professional auditors (expert ns = 10 and 11) and one group of 11 accounting students (novices) made judgments for 32 hypothetical auditing cases which were based on 8 dimensions of accounting-related information. Analyses indicated that the experts did not differ significantly from the novices in the number of significant dimensions; both the professionals and the students had roughly three significant factors. When evaluating the information, however, the experts' judgments primarily reflected one source of information, with other cues having secondary impart. In comparison, no single cue was dominant for the students' judgments. These results were interpreted to indicate that the nonuse of information by experts does not necessarily indicate a cognitive limitation. Instead, experts may have better abilities to focus on relevant information. The professional auditors also exhibited greater consistency and consensus than did the students. In contrast to much previous work, the experts here are viewed as being skilled and competent judges.

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Huang, Hai Ping, Xiao Ming Huang, and Pin Wang. "Comparison between the Expert Systems of SAR and BOLL." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 1106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.1106.

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This paper presents tests and comparisons between SAR and BOLL, tow security transaction expert systems, through statistical experiments, with the wining rate, annual rate of return and net profit rate as the management objectives, on basis of the mass data generated by the security market; the results suggest a ratio among the wining rate, annual return rate and net profit rate of the two as 0.876, 0.936 and 0.936 respectively, and the yearly numbers of transactions of SAR is 3.7 times more than that of BOLL. The lower rate of SAR is, as believed, a result of the higher transaction cost of it comparing with BOLL.

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Wang, Zelong, Mengyuan Liao, Riichi Hagihara, and Zenichiro Maekawa. "Comparison between Expert and Beginner on Calligraphy Letter's Characteristic." Procedia Manufacturing 3 (2015): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.213.

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Lee, Kyoung-Min, Choong-Myung Kim, and Sung-Ho Woo. "FMRI comparison between expert and novice perception of dance." NeuroImage 13, no. 6 (June 2001): 907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(01)92249-9.

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Anderson, Kathleen C., and Gaea Leinhardt. "Maps as Representations: Expert Novice Comparison of Projection Understanding." Cognition and Instruction 20, no. 3 (September 2002): 283–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s1532690xci2003_1.

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Shoval, Peretz. "Comparison of decision support strategies in expert consultation systems." International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 24, no. 2 (February 1986): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7373(86)80044-x.

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Kemer, Gulsah. "A Comparison of Beginning and Expert Supervisors’ Supervision Cognitions." Counselor Education and Supervision 59, no. 1 (March 2020): 74–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceas.12167.

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Hansen, Mikkel B., Kartheeban Nagenthiraja, Lars R. Ribe, Kristina H. Dupont, Leif Østergaard, and Kim Mouridsen. "Automated estimation of salvageable tissue: Comparison with expert readers." Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 43, no. 1 (June 2, 2015): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmri.24963.

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Wassinger, Craig A., Joseph B. Myers, Sakiko Oyama, and Scott M. Lephart. "Bilateral Comparison of Scapulohumeral Kinematics in Expert Whitewater Kayakers." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 39, Supplement (May 2007): S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000272910.00898.61.

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Auramo, Yrjö, and Martti Juhola. "Comparison of inference results of two otoneurological expert systems." International Journal of Bio-Medical Computing 39, no. 3 (June 1995): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7101(95)01114-t.

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Swigger, Kathleen M., and Robert P. Brazile. "Experimental comparison of design/documentation formats for expert systems." International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 31, no. 1 (July 1989): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7373(89)90032-1.

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