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Dumas, Joseph, James Sorce, and Robert Virzi. "Expert Reviews: How Many Experts is Enough?" Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 4 (October 1995): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503900402.
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We asked five usability specialists to review the user interface to a phone-based, interactive voice response system. The experts were instructed to conduct their review independently in three one-hour sessions and to record each usability problem on a Problem Description Sheet along with the elapsed time from the beginning of the hour. Each expert then spent one hour reviewing their problem sheets and making a summary list of problems. Finally, the experts spent two hours together on a conference call discussing their impressions and coming to consensus on a prioritized list of problems and solutions. The results showed that when allocating expert time, it is more effective to have a greater number of experts spend fewer hours than to use fewer experts for more hours. The individual summaries included the majority of the severe problems, but left out many less severe problems and added new problems. The group report did not surface any new problems, but described the problems as being caused by more basic design flaws and proposed solutions that focused on the conceptual model on which the design was based.
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W, Yunanri, Doddy Teguh Yuwono, and Ika Safitri Windarti. "SYSTEMATIC OF EXPERT SYSTEM BASE ON SOFTWARE AND CALCULATION METHOD." Jurnal Informatika, Teknologi dan Sains 2, no. 1 (February 20, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.51401/jinteks.v2i1.552.
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The expert system is a system that seeks to adopt human knowledge into technology, so that technology can solve problems as is usually done by experts. A good expert system is designed to solve a particular problem by imitating the work of the experts. With expert systems, the layman can solve quite complicated problems, because in fact the problem can only be solved with the help of experts. For experts, the expert system will also assist its activities as a highly experienced assistant. Currently there are many studies that raise cases about expert systems. This study aims to create systematic on expert systems based on a collection of expert system cases and classify them based on the tools used, implementation types and frequently used methods.
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Marfalino, Hari, Mutiana Pratiwi, and Randi. "Children Disease Diagnosis System Using Forward Chaining Method (Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Penyakit Ayam Dengan Menggunakan Metode Forward Chaining)." Jurnal KomtekInfo 6, no. 2 (November 19, 2019): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35134/komtekinfo.v6i2.57.
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Expert systems are widely used in various types of fields, one of which is in the field of animal husbandry. The number of chicken farms that appear is not comparable with information and knowledge about raising chickens, so dependence on experts is the only solution in handling chicken disease problems. Expert systems can be a solution to problems that arise in terms of handling chicken disease. Expert systems that are built using the forward chaining method can work like an expert who can deduce the problem from the symptoms given. With the existence of an expert system, dependence on experts is no longer a solution in dealing with the problem of chicken disease, because ordinary people can also provide action like an expert.
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Arisandi, Diki. "PENGUJIAN RULE PADA SISTEM PAKAR PENANGANAN CEDERA OLAHRAGA BOLA BASKET." Rabit : Jurnal Teknologi dan Sistem Informasi Univrab 1, no. 2 (July 10, 2016): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.36341/rabit.v1i2.27.
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Expert system is a system created using computers that aims to imitate experts in solving problems. This expert system was built to deal with injury problems in basketball, including how to treat them. Before use, expert systems must be tested first so that no errors occur when used. Testing uses the black-box method, which means testing the system output based on input. In addition, the rules and inference in this expert system are also tested so that each stage of consultation produces a solution that is in accordance with the knowledge of the experts. After going through the testing process, it is hoped that this expert system can be used by the experts themselves and other users in overcoming the problem of injury in basketball.
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Syaputra, Asep, and Dedi Setiadi. "SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSA KERUSAKAN SEPEDA MOTOR YAMAHA MATIC MENGGUNAKAN METODE FORWARD CHAINING." Jusikom : Jurnal Sistem Komputer Musirawas 5, no. 2 (November 29, 2020): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32767/jusikom.v5i2.1039.
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The expert system is a computer-based system that uses knowledge, facts, and reasoning techniques to solve problems that usually only experts in their field can solve. The development of an expert system is aimed to help Yamaha motorbike users to solve damage problems to a Yamaha Automatic motorcycle. Damage to a Yamaha Automatic motorcycle is a problem that requires experts (technicians) to rely on their knowledge to solve the problem. This system is built using the forward chaining method which is used to test the factors that have been entered by using the rules stored in the system until a conclusion is obtained. By using the forward chaining method, it is hoped that it can help the system in diagnosing the damage to the Yamaha Automatic motorcycle engine. Therefore, by applying an expert system for motorcycle engine damage, the problem of Yamaha Automatic motorcycle engine damage can be resolved.
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McClure, Janice E. "DEVELOPMENT OF AN EXPERT SYSTEM." HortScience 26, no. 6 (June 1991): 795B—795. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.6.795b.
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The development of expert systems in agriculture consists of many steps such as problem definition, selection of experts, audience considerations, knowledge representation, coding, testing, and feedback. The problem definition and selection of experts for the problem domain are the foundation of a working system. Audience definition, economics and goal setting are areas that must be documented before knowledge engineering. Knowledge representation methods and system conceptual layout are the next level of development. The use of the user feedback and field testing data to improve the system are often overlooked. Benefits of expert systems for on farm decision making include education, efficiency, and adaption to changing regulations. Many aspects of agricultural expert systems are similar to traditional expert systems; yet special problem inherent in agriculture make the development interesting and challenging.
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Hazaymeh, Ayman A., Ismail B. Abdullah, Zaid T. Balkhi, and Rose I. Ibrahim. "Generalized Fuzzy Soft Expert Set." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/328195.
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In 2011 Alkhazaleh and Salleh defined the concept of soft expert sets where the user can know the opinion of all the experts in one model and give an application of this concept in decision-making problems. Also, they introduced the concept of the fuzzy soft expert set as a combination between the soft expert set and the fuzzy set. In 2010 Majumdar and Samanta presented the concept of a generalized fuzzy soft sets. The purpose of this paper is to combine the work of Alkhazaleh and Salleh (2011) and Majumdar and Samanta (2010), from which we can obtain a new concept: generalized fuzzy soft expert sets (GFSESs). We also introduce its operations, namely, complement, union intersection, “AND” and “OR”, and study their properties. The generalized fuzzy soft expert sets are used to analyze a decision-making problem. Also in our model the user can know the opinion of all experts in one model. In this work we also introduce the concept of a generalized fuzzy soft expert sets with multiopinions (four opinions), which will be more effective and useful. Finally, we give an application of this concept in decision-making problem.
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Alkhazaleh, Shawkat, and Abdul Razak Salleh. "Soft Expert Sets." Advances in Decision Sciences 2011 (January 4, 2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/757868.
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In 1999, Molodtsov introduced the concept of soft set theory as a general mathematical tool for dealing with uncertainty. Many researchers have studied this theory, and they created some models to solve problems in decision making and medical diagnosis, but most of these models deal only with one expert. This causes a problem with the user, especially with those who use questionnaires in their work and studies. In our model, the user can know the opinion of all experts in one model. So, in this paper, we introduce the concept of a soft expert set, which will more effective and useful. We also define its basic operations, namely, complement, union intersection AND, and OR. Finally, we show an application of this concept in decision-making problem.
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Chan, W. T., and Lawrence C. C. Koe. "A Knowledge-Based Framework for the Diagnosis of Sludge Bulking in the Activated Sludge Process." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 4-6 (February 1, 1991): 847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0536.
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Despite advances in the understanding of the activated sludge process for treating wastewater, the operation of an activated sludge process plant - in particular, the detection, diagnosis and remedy of operational problems - still involves a significant amount of qualitative knowledge derived from empirical observations. Expert systems can be of assistance to plant operators in problem diagnosis by automating the problem-solving behavior of human experts and retrieving the appropriate chunks of qualitative knowledge from a large collection of such knowledge as the context of the problem dictates. A new generation of expert systems shell delivers better performance by providing (i) an object-centred framework with interesting computational properties to organize the considerable amounts of information about the physical world, (ii) flexible, context-dependent and programmable inference strategies to better model the problem-solving behavior of human experts, (iii) a reliable means of integrating numeric and symbolic computation, and (iv) a means for the expert system application to couple its inference procedure with its ability to interact with events in the real world through sensors and actuators. A prototype expert system employing a new generation expert system shell has been developed for diagnosing the sludge bulking problem in the activated sludge process. The paper discusses the knowledge representation scheme employed in the prototype, which is general enough to be extended to cover other operational problems occurring in sewage treatment plants. A study was performed to validate the knowledge in the prototype by comparing the conclusions of a panel of human experts reported in the literature with those of the prototype in response to a wide range of operating conditions. The study shows close agreement between the two sets of conclusions.
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Aeni, Khurotul. "Penerapan Metode Forward Chaining Pada Sistem Pakar Untuk Diagnosa Hama Dan Penyakit Padi." INTENSIF 2, no. 1 (February 16, 2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.29407/intensif.v2i1.11841.
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So that the computer can act as and as good as a human being, then the computer should be given the lack of knowledge that has the ability to catch. One of them is an expert system, is a system that attempted to adopt human knowledge to a computer that is designed to model the ability to resolve problems such as befits an expert. With this expert system, people who have yet to figure it out at all to resolve the problem or just simply looking for an actual information can only be obtained with the help of experts in their field. Knowledge society in Indonesia about pests and diseases of rice plant is still low, including handling is known only to the extent of the knowledge of fellow farmers, pest and disease if there is a new kind of farmers are not aware of it, on the other hand there are some the expert or experts who know about the pests and diseases of rice plant, but the number of experts or experts with a large number of farmers are not balanced. Therefore, due to the application of the method of forward chaining inference on expert system to diagnose plant pests and diseases of rice can be the information and knowledge that will help the community or individuals to know the types of pests and what diseases that attack the rice plant, without having to wait and expect a straight answer from the experts
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Valsecchi, Irene. "The expert problem: a survey." Economics of Governance 14, no. 4 (July 10, 2013): 303–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10101-013-0129-y.
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French, S. "Calibration and the Expert Problem." Management Science 32, no. 3 (March 1986): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.32.3.315.
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Epelboim, J., and P. Suppes. "Eye Movements during Geometrical Problem Solving." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (August 1997): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970042.
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Diagrams are used extensively in posing and solving geometry problems. It is likely that strategies that good problem-solvers have developed for looking at diagrams reflect their reasoning about each problem. This suggested that the eye-movement patterns of geometry experts, observed while they solve problems posed with diagrams, are likely to contain new information about their reasoning. Eye-movement data, collected while subjects solved geometry problems posed as diagrams, were examined. Three subjects participated. Two of the subjects (‘experts’) were skilled at solving geometry problems. The third subject (‘non-expert’) had last solved such problems over 50 years prior to the experiment, and did not know how to proceed on most of the problems. The eye-movement pattern reflected cognitive operations used to solve each problem. Fixation durations depended, to some extent, on cognitive or perceptual processing of features at each gaze location. For example, fixations were longer when gaze was on the angle in question, than when gaze was on other angles or line-segments. Likewise, saccades were made to features that were being considered, as indicated by verbal protocols. Expert subjects combined simple features into more complex, imaginary structures, as was required to solve the problem. They scanned the areas of the diagram that fell within the imagined contours of these structures. The non-expert did not construct such structures. He only scanned visible features of the diagram. Variability in durations of fixations and landing positions of saccades was not due solely to the probabilistic nature of the oculomotor processes. Such processes, however, clearly play an important role in determining the eye-movement pattern in this task, as they do in other visually-guided tasks.
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Sihombing, Redo Abeputra. "Sistem Pakar untuk Mendiagnosa Gangguan pada Sistem Hepatobiliaris Berbasis Android Mobile." STRING (Satuan Tulisan Riset dan Inovasi Teknologi) 3, no. 1 (August 6, 2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.30998/string.v3i1.2736.
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Disturbances in the Hepatobiliaris system are health problems that are often encountered, even growing, so to know the diagnosis will be difficult. A better way is to consult an expert or an expert doctor. But there are also weaknesses such as working hours or limited experts. Expert system is one branch of artificial intelligence that learns how to adopt the way an expert thinks in solving a problem and make decisions and conclusions. The problem discussed is how to design a system that can be used to solve the above problems. The purpose and objective of the author in making this expert sisem is to assist the prospective physician in diagnosing disorders of the Hepatobiliaris system like an expert. Expert system using Best First Search method and using Forward Chaining technique. In this system poured knowledge of an expert in the can during research at Permata Ibu Hospital. An expert system developed based on Android on the client side, PHP and MySQL. This expert system displays a selection of symptoms that can be selected by the user, where each choice of symptoms that will lead the user to the next symptom option to get the conclusion.
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Gulacar, Ozcan, Alexandra Tan, Charles T. Cox, Jennifer Bloomquist, Okechukwu Jimmy, and Nguyen Cao. "Analyzing Characteristics of Experts in the Context of Stoichiometric Problem-Solving." Education Sciences 9, no. 3 (August 15, 2019): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci9030219.
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To gauge the variability in expert problem-solving strategies for stoichiometry problems, a set of experts in different career tracks were studied with the cohort including 17 graduate students in chemistry, three college chemistry instructors, and seven college graduates working in the industry. The goal of the study was to determine whether variability would be observed based upon experience and career trajectories. The data were collected using interviews and analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using the COSINE (Coding System for Investigating Sub-problems and Network) method. Although the method was developed for the analysis of undergraduate problem-solving, it appeared to be effective in examining experts’ problem-solving in chemistry as well. The study revealed similar abilities for succeeding at solving a series of problems, but the strategies were variable for the three cohorts of experts. Specifically, the amount of information used to solve the problems differed across the three cohorts with graduate students focusing more upon each of the specific subproblems within each problem compared to industry chemists utilizing the big-picture approach in lieu of breaking down each problem into respective subproblems. Familiarity with the question types and ability to chunk information were common characteristics observed consistently for the expert participants, which is consistent with existing research.
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Álvarez, Vanessa, Tarcilo Torres, Zulma Gangoso, and Vicente Sanjosé. "A COGNITIVE MODEL TO ANALYSE PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS: MENTAL REPRESENTATIONS IMPLIED IN SOLVING ACTIONS." Journal of Baltic Science Education 19, no. 5 (October 15, 2020): 730–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/20.19.730.
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In physics and chemistry, the development of problem-solving skills is necessary to become an expert. A simple cognitive model to analyse such development is proposed and tested. An exploratory research was conducted with expert professors and students in initial and advanced years. A think aloud procedure was used to obtain relevant data while the participants tried to solve undefined, open problems. Solving these problems required a particular skill representative of expertise: modelling reality using science. More than 1350 solving actions were collected and related to the mental representations elaborated, developed and inter-related by solvers. The proposed model was able to account for expert-novice differences in terms of the respective distributions of solving actions among the mental representations. Large differences appeared in the mental representation of Conceptual scientific Model. In addition, advanced and initial students showed similar and significant averages of unproductive actions, while experts took very few. Experts showed high convergence in their distributions of actions among the mental representations. If the outcomes were replicated with higher external validity, the model could help researchers to analyse the cognitive mechanisms in problem-solving, and teachers to better focus their efforts on specific students’ lacks. Keywords: cognitive model, expert-novice differences, mental representations, problem-solving skills, solving actions
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Holst, Cathrine, and Silje H. Tørnblad. "Variables and Challenges in Assessing EU Experts’ Performance." Politics and Governance 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2015): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v3i1.124.
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Expert advice in political processes is supposed to improve decisions. If expertise fails in this function, a legitimacy problem occurs: granting political power to experts may be defensible, but only on the grounds that it contributes to enlightening political processes and facilitate problem-solving. The paper provides a theoretical exploration of four variables that are key when assessing the epistemic quality of expert deliberations: the degree to which these deliberations are 1) informed by technical expertise, 2) regulated by epistemically optimal respect and inclusion norms, 3) focused on politically relevant and applicable knowledge, and 4) approaching questions involving moral judgment and standard setting competently. Previous research on the European Commission’s use of expert advice has more or less overlooked the question of experts’ epistemic performance, and this paper discusses the possible reasons for this in light of well-known methodological challenges in studies of elite behaviour; access and bias problems. A discussion of the merits and limitations of different available data on the Commission experts shows that the biggest obstacle in the study of experts’ epistemic performance is rather the problem of epistemic asymmetry, i.e. of how researchers as non-experts can assess the epistemic quality of experts’ contributions and behaviour. The paper offers, finally, a set of strategies to get research going despite this problem.
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Refni Wahyuni and Yuda Irawan. "Web-Based Heart Disease Diagnosis System With Forward Chaining Method (Case Study Of Ibnu Sina Islamic Hospital)." Journal of Applied Engineering and Technological Science (JAETS) 1, no. 1 (December 2, 2019): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37385/jaets.v1i1.19.
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Expert systems are computer-based applications that are used to solve problems thought by experts. The benefits of expert systems are to find solutions to problems that occur in various fields including medicine and medical. The problem that often occurs is the problem of public knowledge of the initial problems of heart disease and the lack of public attention to heart health. From this problem, the writer wants to raise the title "Expert System of Web-Based Heart Disease Diagnosis with Forward Chaining Method (Case Study of Ibnu Sina Islamic Hospital)". The purpose of this system is so that people can understand, understand the facts of heart disease. The method used in making this system is forward chaining because this method is a punishment starting from the fact that it contains sentences that are received. The output of this system is a diagnosis of heart disease, as well as providing recommendations for how to treat the disease.
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Fan, Qi, Ying Zhang, Ling Hua Jiang, Yuan Li, and Feng Hou. "The Think Aloud Experiment of the Designing Process of an Expert." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 4081–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.4081.
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Knowledge acquisition is the first step in building an expert system. However, it is very difficult to find out the problem-solving approaches from a human expert completely and correctly. Here we implemented the Think-aloud experiment with an expert in architecture. By coding and analyzing the designing process, other researchers could proceed our research and find out the cognitive models corresponded to the approaches and strategies of how experts solved the problems encountered during the normal designing process.
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Birmingham, William, and Georg Klinker. "Knowledge-acquisition tools with explicit problem-solving models." Knowledge Engineering Review 8, no. 1 (March 1993): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888900000047.
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AbstractIn the past decade, expert systems have been applied to a wide variety of application tasks. A central problem of expert system development and maintenance is the demand placed on knowledge engineers and domain experts. A commonly proposed solution is knowledge-acquisition tools. This paper reviews a class of knowledge-acquisition tools that presuppose the problem-solving method, as well as the structure of the knowledge base. These explicit problem-solving models are exploited by the tools during knowledge-acquisition, knowledge generalization, error checking and code generation.
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S., Yuvashri. "Application of Decision Making Problem in Bipolar Fuzzy Soft Expert Set." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 5 (March 31, 2020): 829–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr201753.
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Husain, Omayma, Naomie Salim, Rose Alinda Alias, Samah Abdelsalam, and Alzubair Hassan. "Expert Finding Systems: A Systematic Review." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 4250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204250.
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The data overload problem and the specific nature of the experts’ knowledge can hinder many users from finding experts with the expertise they required. There are several expert finding systems, which aim to solve the data overload problem and often recommend experts who can fulfil the users’ information needs. This study conducted a Systematic Literature Review on the state-of-the-art expert finding systems and expertise seeking studies published between 2010 and 2019. We used a systematic process to select ninety-six articles, consisting of 57 journals, 34 conference proceedings, three book chapters, and one thesis. This study analyses the domains of expert finding systems, expertise sources, methods, and datasets. It also discusses the differences between expertise retrieval and seeking. Moreover, it identifies the contextual factors that have been combined into expert finding systems. Finally, it identifies five gaps in expert finding systems for future research. This review indicated that ≈65% of expert finding systems are used in the academic domain. This review forms a basis for future expert finding systems research.
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Hutapea, Mei Melan Rut Sartika, and R. Mahdalena Simanjorang. "Expert System to Diagnose Malaria With Bayes Method." Journal Of Computer Networks, Architecture and High Performance Computing 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/cnapc.v2i1.363.
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Malaria is a deadly disease. The disease is caused by a virus that is transmitted through the bite plasmadium Anopheles mosquito tropics. , Indonesia is an area that has a tropical climate so that malaria prevalent in Indonesia. Many public cloud lack of knowledge about the symptoms of malaria because malaria disease symptoms similar to the usual feverish illness. If the disease is not handled seriously can lead to death. From the above explanation makes the excuse needed one expert system that can help people diagnose malaria by looking at symptoms, and later this expert system can explain and diagnose whether a disease malaria or not. In the expert system there are several methods used to menagani a problem. With the solution given institute Bayes Method in helping to diagnose diseases, the expert system that can help people diagnose malaria by looking at symptoms, and later this expert system can explain and diagnose whether a disease malaria or not. Expert System is generally defined as a system that is able to region contribute to solving or handling problems. Expert System is not intended to replace the expert, but to help and support experts. Bayesian methods can diagnose simple encoding and faster calculation. expert system that can help people diagnose malaria by looking at symptoms, and later this expert system can explain and diagnose whether a disease malaria or not. Expert System is generally defined as a system that is able to region contribute to solving or handling problems. Expert System is not intended to replace the expert, but to help and support experts. Bayesian methods can diagnose simple encoding and faster calculation. expert system that can help people diagnose malaria by looking at symptoms, and later this expert system can explain and diagnose whether a disease malaria or not. Expert System is generally defined as a system that is able to region contribute to solving or handling problems. Expert System is not intended to replace the expert, but to help and support experts. Bayesian methods can diagnose simple encoding and faster calculation. Expert System is generally defined as a system that is able to region contribute to solving or handling problems. Expert System is not intended to replace the expert, but to help and support experts. Bayesian methods can diagnose simple encoding and faster calculation. Expert System is generally defined as a system that is able to region contribute to solving or handling problems. Expert System is not intended to replace the expert, but to help and support experts. Bayesian methods can diagnose simple encoding and faster calculation.
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Patáková, Eva. "Expert Recurrence of Linear Problem Posing." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 152 (October 2014): 590–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.248.
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Brownlie, A. R. "Expert evidence as a social problem." Science & Justice 35, no. 2 (April 1995): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1355-0306(95)72652-1.
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Eliot, Lance B. "Analogical Problem-Solving and Expert Systems." IEEE Expert 1, no. 2 (June 1986): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mex.1986.4306951.
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Bayraktar, Erhan, Ibrahim Ekren, and Xin Zhang. "Finite-time 4-expert prediction problem." Communications in Partial Differential Equations 45, no. 7 (January 25, 2020): 714–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03605302.2020.1712418.
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Dianingrum, Melia, Nandang Hermanto, and Mohamad Iqbal Rifa'i. "Expert System for Simulation of Pest and Disease Diagnosis in Onion Plant Using Putty Shafer Method and Rule-Based Approach." IJIIS: International Journal of Informatics and Information Systems 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.47738/ijiis.v2i1.8.
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The expert system is trying to adopt a system of human knowledge into a computer so that the computer can solve problems like the experts. The expert system is well designed in order to solve a particular problem by mimicking the work of the expert. The development of an expert system is expected to be resolved problems with the help of experts. The problems addressed by an expert not only the problems that rely on algorithms but sometimes elusive problems. An expert with knowledge and experience can overcome these problems. The application of an expert system in this study is made to diagnose pests and diseases in onion plants based on the web. The Data Collection method used is literature studies, interviews and observation. The stages of research used are literature review, data processing analyst, and Onion analyzed and photographed which then is uploaded and analyzed, Dempster Shafer method, application development, evaluation. In the last stage is the pilot study conducted using a Blackbox method and testing to the user. The result of the research is in the form of an expert system application that can diagnose pests and diseases of onion as many as 7 types of diseases. The output system is in the form of onion disease searching result obtained based on the symptoms inputted by the user. The result of Blackbox Testing is all functions of the application successfully run well. Testing to the users rated well both appearance and information of the application.
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Hendry, Graham D., Huy Phan, Patricia M. Lyon, and Jill Gordon. "Student evaluation of expert and non-expert problem-based learning tutors." Medical Teacher 24, no. 5 (January 2002): 544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0142159021000012603.
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Aly, S., and I. Vrana. "Integrating multiple fuzzy expert systems under restricting requirements ." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 52, No. 4 (February 17, 2012): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5015-agricecon.
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The multiple, different and specific expertises are often needed in making YES-or-NO (YES/NO) decisions for treating a variety of business, economic, and agricultural decision problems. This is due to the nature of such problems in which decisions are influenced by multiple factors, and accordingly multiple corresponding expertises are required. Fuzzy expert systems (FESs) are widely used to model expertise due to its capability to model real world values which are not always exact, but frequently vague, or uncertain. In addition, they are able to incorporate qualitative factors. The problem of integrating multiple fuzzy expert systems involves several independent and autonomous fuzzy expert systems arranged synergistically to suit a varying problem context. Every expert system participates in judging the problem based on a predefined match between problem context and the required specific expertises. In this research, multiple FESs are integrated through combining their crisp numerical outputs, which reflect the degree of bias to the Yes/No subjective answers. The reasons for independency can be related to maintainability, decision responsibility, analyzability, knowledge cohesion and modularity, context flexibility, sensitivity of aggregate knowledge, decision consistency, etc. This article presents simple algorithms to integrate multiple parallel FES under specific requirements: preserving the extreme crisp output values, providing for null or non-participating expertises, and considering decision-related expert systems, which are true requirements of a currently held project. The presented results provides a theoretical framework, which can bring advantage to decision making is many disciplines, as e.g. new product launching decision, food quality tracking, monitoring of suspicious deviation of the business processes from the standard performance, tax and customs declaration issues, control and logistic of food chains/networks, etc.
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Andrianof, Harkamsyah. "Design Of Expert System To Diagnose Sexually Infected Diseases In Human Using The Backward Chaining Method (Perancangan Sistem Pakar Untuk Mendiagnosa Penyakit Menular Seksual Pada Manusia Dengan Penerapan Metode Backward Chaining)." Jurnal KomtekInfo 6, no. 2 (November 19, 2019): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35134/komtekinfo.v6i2.52.
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Expert systems (expert systems) in general is trying to adopt a system of human knowledge into a computer, so the computer can resolve the problem as was done by the experts. Or in other words, the expert system is a system designed and implemented with the help of a specific programming language to be able to resolve the problem as done by experts. In this case I tried to implement an expert system to diagnose sexually transmitted disease from the symptoms and the causes of Sexually Transmitted Disease. The purpose of this paper is to build a knowledge-based system on Sexually Transmitted Disease using backward chaining method that will be displayed in the form of a website using PHP programming and MySQL database.
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Dudnyk, V. "Problem questions regarding rationale expert results in cases of occurrence deaths from strongulation asphixia." Bukovinian Medical Herald 25, no. 2(98) (August 26, 2021): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2413-0737.xxv.2.98.2021.8.
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Purpose – to analyze the state of the level of research and macroscopic diagnosis by forensic experts of corpses in cases of strangulation asphyxia by sectional methods, detection of specific and general asphyxial signs.Material and methods. As objects of research, the maintenance of «Conclusions of the expert» was studied, first of all, for their compliance with the «Rules of carrying out forensic medical examination (research) of corpses in the bureau of forensic medical examination» on the following indicators: 1) quality and completeness of description of external damages, dimensional parameters; 2) completeness of internal research; 3) description and reflection of species and general asphyxiation features; 4) referral to laboratory research methods; 5) use of additional sectional techniques; 6) completeness and correctness of summarizing.Results and conclusions. In accordance with the modern requirements of evidence-based medicine, when conducting forensic expert examinations of corpses with strangulation asphyxia, it is not enough to rely only on macroscopic signs when conducting forensic medical expert examinations of corpses with strangulation asphyxia. Our analysis of archival data from the "Expert Conclusions" suggests that most experts treat their responsibilities irresponsibly, do not attach importance and difference between such concepts as species characteristics of strangulation and general asphyxiation. In compiling the results, experts rely only on the presence of a strangulation furrow and general asphyxiation signs. In the “Conclusions of experts” we analyzed, some species traits were unjustifiably classified as general asphyxiation manifestations, and some were not paid attention to or were not studied at all.
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Nedashkivska, О. "PETITION AS A PROCEDURAL FORM OF REALIZATION BY A FORENSIC EXPERT OF THE RIGHT TO AN EXPERT INITIATIVE." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 66 (2021): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2021.66.18.
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The author raises the issue of the lack of a clear mechanism for the implementation of the right of a forensic expert of an expert initiative using the right of a forensic expert to file a petition as, in fact, the only procedural form for a forensic expert to exercise his right of an expert initiative. The purpose of the study is to analyze the existing legal framework governing the right of expert initiative and various scientific opinions on the right to identify an expert initiative, using the right to petition. The study was conducted by analyzing the current legislation in terms of regulating the right of expert initiative and the views of scholars on the concept of expert initiative, as well as a survey of practicing forensic experts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine to determine the limits of ownership of the conceptual apparatus, its implementation in practice. The level of mastery of the conceptual apparatus by forensic experts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of expert initiative and the possibility of their implementation in practice is established. Various scientific approaches to the problem of using the right of expert initiative in modern conditions are analyzed, the practical significance and importance of legal regulation of the right of a forensic expert to file a petition as a procedural form of ensuring the right of expert initiative by forensic experts in their practical work is demonstrated. A systematic solution to the problem is proposed by the improving the legal framework that would regulate the procedure for using the right of a forensic expert to file a petition as a de facto form of exercising the right to an expert initiative and creating an algorithm to ensure the right of a forensic expert to an expert initiative.
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Widayanto, Aprih, Joko Dwi Mulyanto, and Ade Sulistyono. "Rancang Bangun Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Penyakit Ayam Bangkok." Indonesian Journal on Software Engineering (IJSE) 5, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/ijse.v5i1.5864.
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Abstract: Expert System is a knowledge-based program that offers quality solutions for problems within a certain domain. The implementation of expert systems is widely used for commercial purposes, because expert systems are seen as a way to store expert knowledge in certain areas in computer programs, so that they can make informed decisions and think intelligently. Using Android-based methods, this program is expected to represent experts in diagnosing Kip-Bangkok disease. Expert Systems Applications diagnosis chicken bangkok provide maximum convenience for the owner of the chickens Bangkok, so owners do not have chicken bangkok meet with specialists in person, the owner of the chicken bangkok open the computer and use this expert system application instead of the disease in poultry media consultation of experts in chickens bangkok. The expert system is used as a decision support and is used as a tool for someone who has no information about the types of diseases and symptoms in bangkok chicken, as well as preventative advice. From this problem this disease can be known on the basis of the symptoms found in chicken in Bangkok and to prevent deaths by giving appropriate prevention advice.
Keywords: Expert system, Application, Diagnosis of the Chicken Disease of Bangkok
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Kiray, Djouking, and Fricles Ariwisanto Sianturi. "Diagnose Expert System Computer Malfunction Certainty Factor Method." Journal Of Computer Networks, Architecture and High Performance Computing 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/cnapc.v2i1.358.
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An expert system is a knowledge base system that solves problems using an expert's knowledge that is entered into a computer, thereby increasing productivity, Because an expert can work faster than a human lay works like an expert. Expert systems Also solve problems by imitating the ways in the which an expert expert offer section with problems in his field, one of the which is in the field of computer repair, the problem of computer damage Becomes a fairly complicated problem, this problem is Generally experienced by individuals and institutions. One of them is in school institutions that have computer laboratories. to diagnose computer use can damage the certainty factor method that helps identify damage to the computer and find the cause of damage to the computer based on the symptoms that occur and the solution to repair it. Certainty Factor is one of the techniques used to deal with uncertainty in decision making. In dealing with a problem, answers are Often found that do not have full certainty. This uncertainty is influenced by two factors items, namely the uncertain rules and user uncertain answers. Uncertain rules are rules of symptoms that are determined for a damage.
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Applegate, B., T. Fernandez, and D. Sarker. "Analogical problem solving in an expert system." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 22, no. 5 (1992): 1138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/21.179851.
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Silverman, Barry G. "Expert intuition and ill-structured problem solving." IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management EM-32, no. 1 (1985): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tem.1985.6447634.
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Karpik, Alexander P., and Darya V. Parkhomenko. "LAND EXPERT EVIDENCE PROBLEM REVIEW IN RUSSIA." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 24, no. 1 (2019): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2019-24-1-192-203.
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Mamone, Salvatore. "An expert system for UNIX problem resolution." ACM SIGART Bulletin 1, no. 2 (June 1990): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/84234.84237.
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Tang, Jin, Chun Dong Guo, and Yan Gao. "Using the Shapley Value to Determine the Expert’s Discourse Right in Group Decision-Making." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 2029–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.2029.
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In terms of different decision-making problem and expert groups, experts’ discourse right is dynamic and relative. Therefore, scientific and rationality of experts empowerment are directly affect final evaluation results. For solving the problem of the objectivity of the evaluation index weight assignment, a method which based on the Shapley value to determine the expert’s weight has been proposed and illustrated in this paper. Firstly, on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of the expert group decision making process, the correlation of experts’ knowledge stock has been defined to represent knowledge spillover among the experts group. Secondly, based on the contribution degree of each expert’s knowledge spillover which has been discussed through correlation analysis, and weight has been allocated to experts. The results show that the method can not only avoid experts empowerment evenly phenomenon, and fully respect the differences of evaluation experts. Finally, the author suggests different types of expert group decisions should be invited to participate in decision-making which helps to give play to brainstorming effect, producing more knowledge spillover and promoting scientific and rationality of decision-making.
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Jain, Rekha. "Expert Systems: A Management Perspective." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 14, no. 4 (October 1989): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090919890404.
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Expert systems are computer programmes that can reproduce the behaviour of human experts in specific problem domains. In many places, development of expert systems is the major focus of fifth generation software projects. Accordingly, enormous amounts of resources are being spent on work in this field. Expert systems have enjoyed considerable success in many scientific and technological applications but their application in the field of management. is relatively recent. In this article, Rekha Jain presents an overview of expert systems and addresses several issues that will be of interest to managers who are likely to consider using expert systems in their organizations.
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Zatonova, Daria. "Property liability of expert witnesses (articulation of the problem)." Право и политика, no. 4 (April 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2020.4.32512.
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This article is dedicated to the search of the answer to the question of whether or not an expert witness carries civil legal (property) liability for providing flawed expert opinion that the court refuses to admit as the valid evidence in a case. An attempt is made to answer the question of whether compensation of the expert can be lowered; should the initial expert’s testimony be paid if the court requires second opinion; can the court refuse payment to the expert witness or a conclusion must be made that expert witnesses have immunity from property liability. Based on the results of analysis of arbitration court case law it is determined that in majority of the cases courts conclude that despite an ill-prepared expert testimony, compensation of the expert witness cannot be decreased or unpaid, while independent claim against the expert will not be satisfied. Such approach of the judicial system testifies that expert witnesses have de-facto immunity from civil liability, despite the fact that such immunity is not covered by the legislation. Moreover, there is a principle of general tort, according to which any damages, including those inflicted by an expert witness, are subject to compensation.
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Halmosné Siket, Zsuzsanna. "Az igazságügyi szakértői tevékenység az állami szerepvállalás tükrében." Debreceni Jogi Műhely 13, no. 1-2 (July 31, 2016): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24169/djm/2016/1-2/3.
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This is an essay about the connection between the judicial experts and the public sector. The expert opinion has a special role in the system of the envindeces in the criminal procedure. The expert opinion as a kind of evidence has a short history in the criminal procedure, because this evidence is the product of the new age. The second difference from the other evidences that the judicial expert needs a special quality, and because of this cause the law rules controls who has premitted to become expert and make expert opinion. The Criminal Procedure Act controls when should and when must delegate a judicial expert the criminal procedure. Consequently the state has a main role in connection with the activity of the experts by the law rules.
In the first part I show the short history of the appearance of the expert opinion in the criminal procedure.
In the second part I show the main law rules in connection with the judicial experts, and I write about the expert chambers, the list of experts, and the professional institutes and corporations.
The third part is about the fees and taxes in connection with the judicial experts. In this part I show the problems about who have to pay the fees in the end of the criminal procedure. The acitvity of the judicial expert is always expensive, so the expeneses can grow quickly. If the accused is acquited the expense will stay in encumbrance of the state, and if the accused is convicted, the accused will have to pay the expenses. So this expenses are enourmous encumbrances for everyone. This problem has waited solution yet. Reduction of costs or hunting out justice ? Sometimes very hard to decide, which one is the better. The judicial experts also work in the private sector. The competition of the judicial experts is big in the private sector, and this phenomenon is influences the private prices.
The end of the essay is a summary which contains my main conclusions.
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Widyaningsih, Maura, and Rio Gunadi. "Dempster Shafer Untuk Sistem Diagnosa Gejala Penyakit Kulit Pada Kucing." Jurnal SAINTEKOM 7, no. 1 (April 13, 2017): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33020/saintekom.v7i1.24.
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Expert System which is a branch of Artifical Intelligence, who learned about the estimation or decision-making ability of an expert. Methods and concepts are still needed in solving the problem of diagnosis, with engineering calculations involve computing systems., given the level of need for information and resolving cases. The application development is aimed at implementing the knowledge of an expert into a program that can help in diagnosing the symptoms of skin health problems in cats. Dempster Shafer (DS) is a method that is non monotonous in solving the problem of uncertainty due to the addition or subtraction of new facts.The system is made to diagnose the type of skin disease in cats after applying the method of DS. The system can also perform data management if there is a data change disease, symptoms, treatment solutions, as well as the rules of the disease. The diagnosis system with DS according to analysis from experts.
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Arpan, Patriksius, Aunurrahman Aunurrahman, and Fadillah Fadillah. "The Development of Science Learning Module with Problem Solving Method." JETL (Journal Of Education, Teaching and Learning) 3, no. 2 (September 23, 2018): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/jetl.v3i2.747.
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This study aims to produce science learning modules with Problem Solving methods that will be used in science learning plant breeding materials, can implement the science learning module Problem-Solving methods and describe the learning outcomes of plant breeding materials using method Problem-Solving in State Elementary School 03 of Hulu Sungai in Ketapang Regency. This research is the development of science learning method using Problem-Solving method by using the development phase of R & D Research adopted by Borg and Gall with module design using ADDIE model, with the research subject is class VI involved 16 students Data obtained through expert design validation questionnaire, expert media materials and experts, interviews, student response questionnaires, and documentation. Furthermore, data analysis is conducted qualitatively and quantitatively.
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Maslovskaya, E. V. "Representation of Expert Knowledge in the Legal Field and the Problem of Legitimacy of Legal Decisions." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 5, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18401.
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The article demonstrates the possibilities and limitations of different theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of interaction of forensic experts and jurists. The author substantiates the relevance of combining the concept of «working group» and Bourdieu’s theory of juridical field for problematizing the legitimacy of legal decisions in the context of representation of expert knowledge in legal proceedings. This approach allows us not only to analyze the process of circulation of expert knowledge but also to take into account the structural context of interaction of forensic experts and jurists revealing the interests, strategies and tactics of various actors. The article emphasizes the need for conducting empirical sociological research focused on entanglement of dispositions of actors and their positions in social space. The author’s approach allows to reveal the strategies of using expert knowledge for legitimization of legal decisions. Interviews with participants in legal proceedings confirm that pre- judicial «working groups» are characteristic for the system of criminal justice in Russia. The persistence of relations between participants of a pre-judicial «working group» is defined by institutional interdependence of organizations which they represent and by informal relations. The differences between «working groups» are based on such factors as the scale of urban space and the degree of diversification of the market of expert services.
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Ortega, P. A., and D. A. Braun. "A Minimum Relative Entropy Principle for Learning and Acting." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 38 (August 16, 2010): 475–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.3062.
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This paper proposes a method to construct an adaptive agent that is universal with respect to a given class of experts, where each expert is designed specifically for a particular environment. This adaptive control problem is formalized as the problem of minimizing the relative entropy of the adaptive agent from the expert that is most suitable for the unknown environment. If the agent is a passive observer, then the optimal solution is the well-known Bayesian predictor. However, if the agent is active, then its past actions need to be treated as causal interventions on the I/O stream rather than normal probability conditions. Here it is shown that the solution to this new variational problem is given by a stochastic controller called the Bayesian control rule, which implements adaptive behavior as a mixture of experts. Furthermore, it is shown that under mild assumptions, the Bayesian control rule converges to the control law of the most suitable expert.
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Reni Tania, Reni Tania, Jumadi Jumadi, and Falentinus Tolino. "Android-Based Learning Media Using Problem Based Learning on Physics Learning of Senior High School Students." Jurnal Penelitian & Pengembangan Pendidikan Fisika 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 289–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/1.06215.
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This study aims to determine Android-based physics learning media (ABLM) with developed Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning. This research uses R&D research. The research steps were guided by the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). The research data were obtained through the product feasibility assessment of expert validators (media experts and material experts) and questionnaire responses from class X students of SMA Negeri 1 Tempilang. Collecting research data using validation sheets and questionnaires. Data collected using descriptive analysis. The results of product feasibility by media experts with an average score of 3.72, product feasibility by material experts of 3.76, and student response results of 3.64. The results of expert validation analysis and student responses were in the "Very Good" category. The ABLM media with PBL learning was declared feasible and suitable for learning physics.
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Mills, S., C. Erbas, Y. Hurmuzlu, and M. M. Tanik. "Selection of Expert System Development Tools for Engineering Applications." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 114, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905919.
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The problems associated with engineering tasks are often too large and complex for application of conventional software methods, but are suitable to application of expert system methods. Development of custom expert system applications is expensive and difficult, but expert system development tools provide the basic components needed to construct an expert system. Such tools enable engineers to implement expert system applications by entering knowledge specific to the particular problem they are attempting to solve. Because the choice of a development tool can determine the success of the resulting expert system application, the characteristics of these tools and of the target problem must be clearly understood before a selection is made. An overview of expert systems and development tools is given, characteristics of some common engineering problems are discussed, and selection criteria for tools well suited to these problems are presented. Implementation of a rule-based advisor to assist with tool selection is discussed briefly.
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Dimitrov, Valery, Lyudmila Borisova, and Inna Nurutdinova. "Development and analysis of fuzzy expert data for technological adjustment of a grain harvester header." E3S Web of Conferences 175 (2020): 05027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017505027.
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The paper considers the problems of developing and presenting fuzzy expert data on external factors and adjustable parameters of the harvester header. The object domain “Technological adjustment of the harvester header” was studied. On the basis of the data, obtained from four experts a linguistic description of the problem statements was given, linguistic variables were introduced, membership functions were developed, consistency characteristic properties were calculated. The base of fuzzy expert knowledge intended for the unit of obtaining and updating knowledge of the decision support intelligent system by an operator in the field conditions was created. In order to estimate quality of the fuzzy expert data and define the degree of its suitability for application in intelligent information system we used the algorithm which provides setting the quality criteria, availability of feedback with experts to update the data, makes it possible to choose the optimal number of terms of the membership functions. The possibility of taking into account the expert data hierarchy in the given algorithm made it possible to introduce experts ranging according to their qualification, for this purpose Fishburn numbers were used as weightihg factors.