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Journal articles on the topic 'Explanations and justifications'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Tucker, Aviezer. "Holistic Explanations of Events." Philosophy 79, no. 4 (2004): 573–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819104000452.

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Explanations of descriptions of events are undivided, holistic, units of analysis for the purpose of justification. Their justifications are based on the transmission of information about the past and its interpretation and analysis. Further analysis of explanations of descriptions of events is redundant. The “holistic” model of explanations fits better the actual practices of scientists, historians and ordinary people who utter explanatory propositions than competing models. I consider the “inference to the best explanation” model and argue that under one interpretation, it cannot account for

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MARYNISSEN, SIMON, BART BOGAERTS, and MARC DENECKER. "Exploiting Game Theory for Analysing Justifications." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 20, no. 6 (2020): 880–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068420000186.

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AbstractJustification theory is a unifying semantic framework. While it has its roots in non-monotonic logics, it can be applied to various areas in computer science, especially in explainable reasoning; its most central concept is a justification: an explanation why a property holds (or does not hold) in a model.In this paper, we continue the study of justification theory by means of three major contributions. The first is studying the relation between justification theory and game theory. We show that justification frameworks can be seen as a special type of games. The established connection

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Arnold, Thomas, Daniel Kasenberg, and Matthias Scheutz. "Explaining in Time." ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction 10, no. 3 (2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3457183.

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Explainability has emerged as a critical AI research objective, but the breadth of proposed methods and application domains suggest that criteria for explanation vary greatly. In particular, what counts as a good explanation, and what kinds of explanation are computationally feasible, has become trickier in light of oqaque “black box” systems such as deep neural networks. Explanation in such cases has drifted from what many philosophers stipulated as having to involve deductive and causal principles to mere “interpretation,” which approximates what happened in the target system to varying degr

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Dolev, Sarit, and Ruhama Even. "JUSTIFICATIONS AND EXPLANATIONS IN ISRAELI 7TH GRADE MATH TEXTBOOKS." International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education 13, S2 (2013): 309–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10763-013-9488-7.

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Wickramanayake, Sandareka, Wynne Hsu, and Mong Li Lee. "FLEX: Faithful Linguistic Explanations for Neural Net Based Model Decisions." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 2539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33012539.

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Explaining the decisions of a Deep Learning Network is imperative to safeguard end-user trust. Such explanations must be intuitive, descriptive, and faithfully explain why a model makes its decisions. In this work, we propose a framework called FLEX (Faithful Linguistic EXplanations) that generates post-hoc linguistic justifications to rationalize the decision of a Convolutional Neural Network. FLEX explains a model’s decision in terms of features that are responsible for the decision. We derive a novel way to associate such features to words, and introduce a new decision-relevance metric that

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Daly, Joseph Patrick, Richard W. Pouder, and Chris R. McNeil. "Effects of explanations communicated in announcements of alleged labor abuses on valuation of a firm’s stock." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 22, no. 1 (2017): 93–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccij-11-2015-0070.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to gauge the impact of the following on the share price of a firm that has allegedly committed labor abuses: the allegation itself, explanations (justifications and excuses) offered by the company spokesperson, and denials of responsibility for the alleged abuse. Design/methodology/approach The study uses archival data and an event study methodology. Findings Labor abuse allegations have a negative impact on the firm’s share price. Allegations that are accompanied by an explanation (a justification or excuse) have a less negative impact than those that are

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Maxey, Sarah. "The Power of Humanitarian Narratives: A Domestic Coalition Theory of Justifications for Military Action." Political Research Quarterly 73, no. 3 (2019): 680–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912919852169.

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Conventional wisdom assumes the best way to mobilize public support for military action is through the lens of national security. Humanitarian justifications provide a helpful substitute when US interests are not at stake, but are less reliable. However, US presidents have provided humanitarian explanations for every military intervention of the post-Cold War period. What, if any, power do humanitarian justifications have in security-driven interventions? The article answers this question by developing a domestic coalition framework that evaluates justifications in terms of whose support matte

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CABALAR, PEDRO, and JORGE FANDINNO. "Enablers and inhibitors in causal justifications of logic programs." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 17, no. 1 (2016): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068416000107.

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AbstractIn this paper, we propose an extension of logic programming where each default literal derived from the well-founded model is associated to a justification represented as an algebraic expression. This expression contains both causal explanations (in the form of proof graphs built with rule labels) and terms under the scope of negation that stand for conditions that enable or disable the application of causal rules. Using some examples, we discuss how these new conditions, we respectively callenablersandinhibitors, are intimately related to default negation and have an essentially diffe

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Brandmayr, Federico. "Explanations and excuses in French sociology." European Journal of Social Theory 24, no. 3 (2021): 374–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368431021989269.

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The terrorist attacks that struck France in 2015 had reverberations throughout the country’s intellectual fields. Among the most significant was a widespread polemic that turned around whether sociological explanations of the attacks amounted to excuses and justifications for terrorists. When prominent politicians and pundits made allegations of this nature, sociologists reacted in three main ways: most denied the allegations, others reappropriated the derogatory label of excuse, while others still accepted criticism and called for a reformation of sociology. These epistemological stances can

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Zdaniuk, Agnes, and Nita Chhinzer. "The effect of explanations and CEO presence on stock market reactions to downsizing." Journal of Organizational Change Management 32, no. 4 (2019): 441–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-06-2018-0161.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the type of explanation (excuses, justifications, apologies and denials) provided for downsizing and the source of the announcement (CEO vs other organizational members) influences shareholders’ market reactions to downsizing announcements. Design/methodology/approach In total, 388 media-based downsizing announcements from 2006–2015 were coded for explanation type and source of message. Cumulative average return was used to assess the impact of downsizing on market reactions the day after the announcement. Findings As predicted, and consi

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Niemi, David. "Assessing Conceptual Understanding in Mathematics: Representations, Problem Solutions, Justifications, and Explanations." Journal of Educational Research 89, no. 6 (1996): 351–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220671.1996.9941339.

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Pleasants, Nigel. "Excuse and justification: What’s explanation and understanding got to do with it?" European Journal of Social Theory 24, no. 3 (2021): 338–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368431020986753.

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A well-worn French proverb pronounces ‘ tout comprendre c’est tout pardonner’ (‘to understand all is to forgive all’). Is forgiveness the inevitable consequence of social scientific understanding of the actions and lives of perpetrators of serious wrongdoing? Do social scientific explanations provide excuses or justifications for the perpetrators of the actions that the explanations purport to explain? In this essay, I seek clarification of these intertwined explanatory and moral questions.

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McGraw, Kathleen M. "Managing Blame: An Experimental Test of the Effects of Political Accounts." American Political Science Review 85, no. 4 (1991): 1133–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1963939.

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Public officials are not passive bystanders in the electoral process. Rather, they actively try to shape or manage citizens' perceptions of events (particularly those involving negative outcomes) through explanations or accounts. I argue that consideration of citizens' understandings of political accountability and how these are shaped by public officials represent critical missing components of models of electoral behavior. The distinction between excuses and justifications provides a valuable conceptual framework for understanding the impact of political accounts on a variety of judgments an

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Lama, Tek, and Warwick Wyndham Anderson. "“If not, why not” form of governance." Accounting Research Journal 32, no. 2 (2019): 236–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-01-2017-0029.

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Purpose Are the explanations that companies provide when deviating from two board structure-related best practices under the Australian Stock Exchange’s “If not, why not” regulatory regime systematically influenced by company characteristics? Design/methodology/approach Multinomial logistic regressions are performed on a sample of 258 ASX-listed firms in the period 2004-2007. The dependent variable is the level of response to the “why not” pillar of the regime which requires companies to provide an explanation where they deviate from the recommended governance practice or practices. The variab

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McGraw, Kathleen M. "Avoiding Blame: An Experimental Investigation of Political Excuses and Justifications." British Journal of Political Science 20, no. 1 (1990): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123400005731.

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Success and even survival in politics frequently depends on the ability of politicians and public officials to extricate themselves from various types of predicaments. Indeed, politicians are particularly adept at extricating themselves, with a wide range of explanations at their disposal to avoid blame for unpopular actions and decisions. However, there has been little systematic research on the effectiveness of various political blame-avoidance strategies. This Note has two purposes. First, a typology of blame-avoidance strategies, or accounts, is developed. Second, the results of an experim

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Hernández, Carla, and Silvia Tecpan. "Correct answers with wrong justifications? Analysis of explanations in classical mechanics with FCI test." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1043 (June 2018): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1043/1/012056.

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FANDINNO, JORGE, and CLAUDIA SCHULZ. "Answering the “why” in answer set programming – A survey of explanation approaches." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 19, no. 2 (2019): 114–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068418000534.

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AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) approaches to problem-solving and decision-making are becoming more and more complex, leading to a decrease in the understandability of solutions. The European Union’s new General Data Protection Regulation tries to tackle this problem by stipulating a “right to explanation” for decisions made by AI systems. One of the AI paradigms that may be affected by this new regulation is answer set programming (ASP). Thanks to the emergence of efficient solvers, ASP has recently been used for problem-solving in a variety of domains, including medicine, cryptography,

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Steel, S. "THE LOCALITY PRINCIPLE IN PRIVATE NUISANCE." Cambridge Law Journal 76, no. 01 (2017): 145–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197317000058.

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Abstract This article considers the principle in the tort of private nuisance that the level of protection to which one is entitled from certain kinds of interference is sensitive to one's locality. It argues that the principle can be partly justified by the different costs of avoiding an interference which different localities create. However, it shows that, if the principle is to be justified in its entirety, a further justification is necessary. The article considers further justifications based on social rules, autonomy, cost minimisation, the idea of a system of equal right and an analogy

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Halverscheid, Susanne, and Erich H. Witte. "Justification of War and Terrorism." Social Psychology 39, no. 1 (2008): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335.39.1.26.

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Abstract. In this study, examples of war and terrorism from both Western and Arab countries were examined with respect to the underlying ethical positions of justifications that have been publicized. In a rating process, we analyzed speeches and explanations of (1) the American government justifying the military strikes in Afghanistan (2001-) and the war in Iraq (2003-), (2) the Red Army Faction justifying terrorist attacks they perpetrated in Germany (1972-1984), (3) the former President of Iraq justifying the war against Iran (1980-1988), and (4) members of Al Qaeda justifying terrorist acts

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CABALAR, PEDRO, and JORGE FANDINNO. "Justifications for programs with disjunctive and causal-choice rules." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 16, no. 5-6 (2016): 587–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068416000454.

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AbstractIn this paper, we study an extension of the stable model semantics for disjunctive logic programs where each true atom in a model is associated with an algebraic expression (in terms of rule labels) that represents its justifications. As in our previous work for non-disjunctive programs, these justifications are obtained in a purely semantic way, by algebraic operations (product, addition and application) on a lattice of causal values. Our new definition extends the concept ofcausal stable modelto disjunctive logic programs and satisfies that each (standard) stable model corresponds to

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Chiu, Ming Ming, and Allan Jeong. "Gender, social distance, and justifications: statistical discourse analysis of evidence and explanations in online debates." Educational Technology Research and Development 68, no. 3 (2020): 1199–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11423-020-09739-8.

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Kaufman, Sheri Skurow, Patricia A. Prelock, Ernest M. Weiler, Nancy A. Creaghead, and Carole A. Donnelly. "Metapragmatic Awareness of Explanation Adequacy." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 25, no. 3 (1994): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2503.174.

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A third-grade classroom participated in a communication skills unit (CSU) that was designed and implemented collaboratively by a teacher, speech-language pathologist, and student speech-language pathologist. The CSU was developed to increase the students' metapragmatic awareness of explanation adequacy. To assess the efficacy of the CSU, two third-grade classrooms were compared. One participated in the CSU, and the other did not. A pre- and post-test were administered to students in both classrooms, requiring them to view a videotape of two children helping each other with math problems, rate

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MAZZOCCO, MICHÈLE M. M., GWEN F. MYERS, LAURIE A. THOMPSON, and SNEHA S. DESAI. "Possible explanations for children's literal interpretations of homonyms." Journal of Child Language 30, no. 4 (2003): 879–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000903005786.

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This study was designed to examine factors associated with literal interpretations of homonyms. Participants were 212 second graders, ages 7;0–8;11, who listened to a story containing 16 key words. The key words were homonymous words (‘pseudo-homonyms’), nonsense words, or familiar words used accurately. While listening to the story, children selected an illustration of each key word. Later, they were asked to recall the key words and to justify their picture selections. There was no association between interpretation and recall accuracy for nonsense words or familiar words used accurately; ho

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GARCIA, ANA CRISTINA BICHARRA, CARLOS EDUARDO CARRETTI, INHAÜMA NEVES FERRAZ, and CRISTIANA BENTES. "Sharing design perspectives through storytelling." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 16, no. 3 (2002): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060402163086.

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Design consists of analyzing scenarios and proposing artifacts, obeying the initial set of requirements that lead from initial to goal state. Finding or creating alternative solutions, analyzing them, and selecting the best one are expected steps in the designer’s decision making process. Very often, not a sole designer, but a team of them is engaged in the design process, sharing their expertise and responsibility to achieve optimum projects. In a design team, most conflicts occur due to misunderstanding of one’s assessment of specifications and contexts. Decision explanations play a key role

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Tuluk, Güler. "Knowledge of Slope Concept in Mathematics Textbooks in Undergraduate Education." Journal of Curriculum and Teaching 9, no. 3 (2020): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jct.v9n3p161.

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This questions the prevailing approach in the presentation of the concept of slope in teaching undergraduate in Turkey. For this purpose, five mathematics textbooks, were analyzed for problems related to slope, and similarities and differences were revealed. First, the subjects related to the slope in the textbooks were categorized and examined within the context in which they were handled. Therefore, this study is a qualitative study that adopts the interpretive paradigm. These categories are discussed in the form of connectivity, exploration, and purpose using the study for the context (Reza

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Fondacaro, Mark R. "Rethinking the Scientific and Legal Implications of Developmental Differences Research in Juvenile Justice." New Criminal Law Review 17, no. 3 (2014): 407–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2014.17.3.407.

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A recent string of Supreme Court cases now ensures that fewer juveniles will be subjected to our most extreme punitive sanctions, a sign of forward movement toward evolving standards of decency in our culture and jurisprudence. However, this article will argue that there are potential long-term costs associated with the interpretation of developmental differences research relied upon by the Court, not only to juveniles and adults accused and convicted of serious crimes, but to the credibility of science and the legitimacy of the criminal law. The article draws on cutting-edge scientific resear

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Crawford, Jarret T., and John Ruscio. "Asking People to Explain Complex Policies Does Not Increase Political Moderation: Three Preregistered Failures to Closely Replicate Fernbach, Rogers, Fox, and Sloman’s (2013) Findings." Psychological Science 32, no. 4 (2021): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797620972367.

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Fernbach et al. (2013) found that political extremism and partisan in-group favoritism can be reduced by asking people to provide mechanistic explanations for complex policies, thus making their lack of procedural-policy knowledge salient. Given the practical importance of these findings, we conducted two preregistered close replications of Fernbach et al.’s Experiment 2 (Replication 1a: N = 306; Replication 1b: N = 405) and preregistered close and conceptual replications of Fernbach et al.’s Experiment 3 (Replication 2: N = 343). None of the key effects were statistically significant, and onl

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van Hooff, Jenny H. "Rationalising inequality: heterosexual couples' explanations and justifications for the division of housework along traditionally gendered lines." Journal of Gender Studies 20, no. 1 (2011): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2011.542016.

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Mikkelsen, Kim Sass. "Negative Case Selection: Justifications and Consequences for Set-Theoretic MMR." Sociological Methods & Research 46, no. 4 (2015): 739–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049124115591015.

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The combined usage of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and process tracing (PT) in set-theoretic multi-method research (MMR) holds great potential for reaching valid inferences. Established views of case selection after QCA hold that studying negative cases provides lessons about the causes of an outcome in a limited set of circumstances. In particular, recommendations focus on negative cases only if they contradict the analysis or if suitably similar positive match cases exist to leverage comparisons. By contrast, I argue that set-theoretic MMR can gain from studying negative cases even

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ISTRATE, Costel, Ovidiu Constantin BUNGET, and Irimie Emil POPA. "Justifications for the Modified Opinions and for Other Observations in the Audit Reports." Audit Financiar 18, no. 160 (2020): 785–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.20869/auditf/2020/160/026.

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The purpose of this paper is to identify and to comment the main justifications of modified audit opinions and the main observations included in the emphasis of matter paragraphs from the audit reports of Romanian companies listed on the regulated market of Bucharest Stock Exchange (BSE). The authors analyze a sample of more than 1,000 observations-year for the 2007-2019 period. They found that 25% of these reports contain a modified opinion and the main explanations relate to the revaluations of fixed tangible assets, to the provisions, to the impairment of the fixed assets, to some legal iss

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Hansen, Gyde. "Experience and Emotion in Empirical Translation Research with Think-Aloud and Retrospection." Meta 50, no. 2 (2005): 511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/010997ar.

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Abstract In empirical process-oriented translation research with different kinds of introspection, two important questions are raised repeatedly: 1. Does concurrent verbalization, like Think-aloud, have an influence on the translation process and 2. What do we actually learn from introspective methods like think-aloud and retrospection? Based on ideas from modern psychology and brain research, it is argued that think-aloud must have an impact on the translation process. Furthermore, it is suggested that it is not only spontaneous, unmodified thoughts about the actual task that are verbalized,

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Meranze, Michael. "The Denials of Justice." Law and History Review 16, no. 1 (1998): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/744324.

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The contemporary American will to punish is simultaneously in disarray and experiencing dramatic expansion. Crime, despite the ambiguities of its statistical measurement, remains a central focus of contemporary politics. Notwithstanding a “crisis of penological modernism” that has undercut traditional explanations and justifications for the penal apparatus, prison construction continues at an accelerated pace while proposals for increasing the severity of juvenile punishments seem omnipresent. Criminological discussions continue to stress the technicalities of the problem of punishment while l

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Brito, João, and Hugo Proença. "A Short Survey on Machine Learning Explainability: An Application to Periocular Recognition." Electronics 10, no. 15 (2021): 1861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10151861.

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Interpretability has made significant strides in recent years, enabling the formerly black-box models to reach new levels of transparency. These kinds of models can be particularly useful to broaden the applicability of machine learning-based systems to domains where—apart from the predictions—appropriate justifications are also required (e.g., forensics and medical image analysis). In this context, techniques that focus on visual explanations are of particular interest here, due to their ability to directly portray the reasons that support a given prediction. Therefore, in this document, we f

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Veneziano, Edy, and Hermina Sinclair. "Functional changes in early child language: the appearance of references to the past and of explanations." Journal of Child Language 22, no. 3 (1995): 557–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900009958.

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ABSTRACTSpontaneous speech samples from children during the period of transition from one word to multi-word utterances in interaction with their French-speaking mothers were explored in order to study the appearance and development of functional changes in their use of language. Two types of such change were noted in the longitudinal records of four children when they were still essentially one-word speakers: the beginnings of references to the past, and the appearance of explanations and justifications, especially in communicative situations of request and refusal. The co-appearance of these

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Dunne, Niamh. "DISPENSING WITH INDISPENSABILITY." Journal of Competition Law & Economics 16, no. 1 (2020): 74–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/joclec/nhaa004.

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Abstract ‘Indispensability’ is the central concept underpinning the treatment of refusal to deal claims under Article 102 TFEU. Since its adoption in Magill and Bronner, however, the conventional wisdom that instances of refusal to deal constitute an abuse only in the presence of indispensability has been challenged from multiple directions. This article surveys the departures from the orthodoxy that can be found in the jurisprudence. In doing so, it measures the purported explanations for such derogations against the justifications for restraint encapsulated in the indispensability concept. F

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Johnson, Rebekah J. "The discursive practices of “guilting” in family discourse." Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict 6, no. 2 (2018): 203–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlac.00010.joh.

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Abstract This study looks at the way in which four members of a Midwestern American family co-construct the adult child identity of two graduate school students by using particular discursive practices while discussing topics related to parental expectations and decision-making. More specifically, it focuses on what constitutes “guilting” in the adult child-parent interactions. The data shows that guilting, both direct and indirect, is accomplished through making complaints and assessments. Participants orient to particular utterances as guilting and respond with justifications, explanations,

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Bradshaw, Mark T. "The Use of Target Prices to Justify Sell-Side Analysts' Stock Recommendations." Accounting Horizons 16, no. 1 (2002): 27–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2002.16.1.27.

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This study examines a sample of 103 sell-side analysts' reports to document the frequency with which analysts disclose target prices as justifications for their stock recommendations. In addition, I investigate whether the degree of assessed overpricing or underpricing implied by target prices is related to the favorableness of stock recommendations. I find that analysts use target price justifications in over two-thirds of the sample reports, and higher target prices are associated with more favorable stock recommendations. The most favorable recommendations (and target prices) are more likel

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Bobek, Michal. "A Fourth in the Court: Why Are There Advocates General in the Court of Justice?" Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 14 (2012): 529–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888712805580516.

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AbstractWhy are there Advocates General in the Court of Justice of the European Union? A standard answer to this question is likely to be either a simple textual reference (because the Treaty provides for them); or an appeal to authority (because the original framers of the Treaties put them there, inspired by the French legal system); or a rather pragmatic appeal to their on-going utility (because they assist the Court and they do a great job); or any combination of these three. All of these explanations are valid. This contribution, however, attempts to go a little deeper in discerning what

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Wienberg, Jes. "The Perishable Past - On the Advantage and Disadvantage of Archaeology for Life." Current Swedish Archaeology 7, no. 1 (2021): 183–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.1999.13.

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The aim of the article is to make clear whether and in that case why archaeology is important. Often this is seen as a self-evident fact which needs no motivation. My point of departure is a concrete example, namely, the medieval church of Mårup in Denmark which will soon fall into the sea: Why is it so crucial to save or document this church and many other traces of the past? Isn't the so-called cultural heritage condemned to destruction and oblivion? Rhetorical catchwords, cultural values, justifications and explanations within cultural heritage management, archaeology, history and social an

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THOMAS, MARTIN, and RICHARD TOYE. "ARGUING ABOUT INTERVENTION: A COMPARISON OF BRITISH AND FRENCH RHETORIC SURROUNDING THE 1882 AND 1956 INVASIONS OF EGYPT." Historical Journal 58, no. 4 (2015): 1081–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x14000648.

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AbstractThis article compares the rhetorical justifications surrounding two landmark instances of Western imperialism. In 1882, the British occupied Egypt, ousting indigenous proto-nationalist forces that supposedly threatened British and other foreign interests. The consequences of this intervention were still being worked out in 1956 when, in the wake of the Cairo regime's nationalization of the Suez Canal, the British again invaded. France participated on this occasion, with serious but differing political consequences for both. We suggest that comparing how the British and French argued ab

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Ndaluka, Thomas J., Magolanga Shagembe, Jonas Kinanda, and Vendelin Simon. "Faith in the Times of COVID-19: Integrating Religion in the Fight against COVID-19 in Tanzania." Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 82 (April 2021): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/fejf2021.82.tanzania.

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When and where a crisis such as a pandemic arises, people turn to religion in pursuit/search of comfort, justifications, and explanations. This article describes the role of religion in Tanzania in the times of COVID-19. The data collected through a questionnaire from 258 participants asserts that COVID-19 increased the intensity level of religiosity in Tanzania. This was seen in peoples’ participation in religious activities, i.e., religious gatherings, frequent prayers, and other religious practices. This article has established that the process of de-secularization was strong, and religion

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Hoyos, B. D. "A Forgotten Roman Historian: L. Arruntius and the ‘True’ Causes of the First Punic War." Antichthon 23 (1989): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066477400003683.

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Ancient historians offered various explanations for the war that broke out in 264 B.C. For Polybius a century later it was the Roman’s first step outside Italy in a drive to world hegemony; also a properly defensive counter to a looming Carthaginian threat to Italy. Much of later Roman historical tradition lauded it as due to piousfidestowards a hapless ally, the ex-Italian Mamertines of Messana, under siege by Punic and Syracusan foes. That, it seems, was already the Roman line in 264 itself. At all events we find King Hiero of Syracuse chiding them then for ‘chattering aboutfides’ even as th

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Ewing, Benjamin. "The Structure of Tort Law, Revisited: The Problem of Corporate Responsibility." Journal of Tort Law 8, no. 1-2 (2015): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jtl-2015-0015.

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AbstractThe prevalence of instrumentalist (particularly economic) approaches to tort law owes not only to the success of the law and economics movement but also to lingering questions about how well tort law instantiates such non-economic values as fairness and responsibility. In this article I use recent work in philosophy to help defend the view that tort law embodies distinctive interpersonal norms of responsibility. First, I draw on T. M. Scanlon’s work to help clarify the role that morally significant forms of agential responsibility play in tort law. Second, I connect the resulting analy

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Ustek-Spilda, Funda, Alison Powell, and Selena Nemorin. "Engaging with ethics in Internet of Things: Imaginaries in the social milieu of technology developers." Big Data & Society 6, no. 2 (2019): 205395171987946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053951719879468.

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Discussions about ethics of Big Data often focus on the ethics of data processing: collecting, storing, handling, analysing and sharing data. Data-based systems, however, do not come from nowhere. They are designed and brought into being within social spaces – or social milieu. This paper connects philosophical considerations of individual and collective capacity to enact practical reason to the influence of social spaces. Building a deeper engagement with the social imaginaries of technology development through analysis of two years of fieldwork with start-ups working on Internet of Things, t

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Gillies, Robyn M. "Dialogic Teaching during Cooperative Inquiry-Based Science: A Case Study of a Year 6 Classroom." Education Sciences 10, no. 11 (2020): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci10110328.

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Teachers play a critical role in promoting dialogic interaction in their students. The purpose of this case study was to investigate how one very effective teacher taught two, cooperative, inquiry-based science units to her Year 6 class. In particular, the case study focused on how she used different discourses to capture students’ curiosity in the inquiry-based tasks, provided hands-on activities to enable them to test out their hypotheses and develop explanations for what they found in order to help them become more scientifically literate and have a broader understanding of the role of scie

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Blauberger, Michael, Anita Heindlmaier, and Carina Kobler. "Free movement of workers under challenge: the indexation of family benefits." Comparative European Politics 18, no. 6 (2020): 925–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41295-020-00216-3.

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AbstractThis paper traces the political debate about the export and the indexation of family benefits in the European Union (EU). We ask why such a technical legal issue has become salient in several EU member states. Explanations building on financial and political justifications prove to be insufficient. Rather, we argue, indexation has to be understood in the broader context of the contestation and constitutionalization of the free movement of workers. Free movement and equal treatment of workers have become contested with Eastern enlargement, but their legal framework is largely removed fr

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Lukong, Emmanuel, and Yaro Loveline. "Curriculum Policy Implementation in Cameroon Education System Insights from Theories of Policy Change." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 7, no. 07 (2020): 6028–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v7i07.04.

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This study takes as its point of departure the assumption that policy implementation is a complex process that cannot be fully understood without analysis of the complexities, tensions, conflicts, perceptions and dilemmas related to those engaged in the implementation. In curriculum, theories are used to provide explanations for practice that help to facilitate the creation and implementation of the curriculum. They also provide justifications that enable school practitioners to articulate the reasons for their actions and therefore help to assist the understanding of what has been created. Th

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Dagirmanjian, Faedra Backus, James R. Mahalik, Justin Boland, et al. "How Do Men Construct and Explain Men’s Violence?" Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, no. 15 (2016): 2275–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515625511.

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In this study, we examine men’s constructions of violence and their explanations of their own violent behavior. Interviews were conducted with 12 adult men, employed in industrial and manual labor, regarding their associations with violence, their reasons for engaging in violent behavior, and their reasons for not engaging in violent behavior. Utilizing consensual qualitative research methodology, our findings indicated that men’s constructions of violence and their justifications for engaging in violence were linked to their constructions of masculinity and what it meant to them to be a man.

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Elisha, Isabelle M., and Martin D. Ruck. "Urban Youth’s Views of Children’s Nurturance and Self-determination Rights: An Exploratory Study." International Journal of Children’s Rights 20, no. 3 (2012): 422–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181812x640781.

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The present qualitative study examined low-income urban adolescents’ understanding of children’s rights. Using a written instrument, sixteen 11–15 year olds responded to hypothetical vignettes in which a child story character expresses the desire to exercise a nurturance or self-determination right. Participants were asked whether they, their parents, and their peers would support the story characters’ rights and to provide justifications for their responses. Results indicated that in general participants were in favour of supporting children’s nurturance and self-determination rights. Howeve

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van Liere, Lucien, and Elizabeth van Dis. "Post-War Reflections on the Ambon War." Exchange 47, no. 4 (2018): 372–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572543x-12341500.

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Abstract Between 1999 and 2004, with reverberations until 2011, several Moluccan islands (Indonesia) faced violent clashes between Christians and Muslims. Based on 79 interviews, this article seeks to understand how people from both religious groups look back at the conflict, 12 years after the Malino II peace treaty was signed in 2002. We identified three major conflict-related themes that continued to come to the fore during the interviews: explanations about causes of the conflict, religion-related justifications of violence and miracle stories. Most interviewees indicated that the causes o

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