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Journal articles on the topic 'Explicit citations'
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1
Hardwicke, Tom E., Dénes Szűcs, Robert T. Thibault, Sophia Crüwell, Olmo R. van den Akker, Michèle B. Nuijten, and John P. A. Ioannidis. "Citation Patterns Following a Strongly Contradictory Replication Result: Four Case Studies From Psychology." Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science 4, no. 3 (July 2021): 251524592110408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/25152459211040837.
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Replication studies that contradict prior findings may facilitate scientific self-correction by triggering a reappraisal of the original studies; however, the research community’s response to replication results has not been studied systematically. One approach for gauging responses to replication results is to examine how they affect citations to original studies. In this study, we explored postreplication citation patterns in the context of four prominent multilaboratory replication attempts published in the field of psychology that strongly contradicted and outweighed prior findings. Generally, we observed a small postreplication decline in the number of favorable citations and a small increase in unfavorable citations. This indicates only modest corrective effects and implies considerable perpetuation of belief in the original findings. Replication results that strongly contradict an original finding do not necessarily nullify its credibility; however, one might at least expect the replication results to be acknowledged and explicitly debated in subsequent literature. By contrast, we found substantial citation bias: The majority of articles citing the original studies neglected to cite relevant replication results. Of those articles that did cite the replication but continued to cite the original study favorably, approximately half offered an explicit defense of the original study. Our findings suggest that even replication results that strongly contradict original findings do not necessarily prompt a corrective response from the research community.
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WHITE, SARAH B. "Thomas Wolf c. Richard de Abingdon,1293–1295: A Case Study of Legal Argument." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 71, no. 1 (September 18, 2019): 40–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046919001155.
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This essay examines the legal arguments in Wolf c. Abingdon, a tithes dispute from 1293–5 between the rector and the vicar of Aldington, Kent. The case records contain explicit citations to written law, a surprising find in a seemingly minor case. The presence of explicit citations in particular suggests first that the litigants had access to legal assistance in the provincial court, and second that advocates and possibly judges were turning to written legal sources to resolve disputed points. This essay shows how the litigants' arguments were constructed and determines whether or not these arguments were effective in court.
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Colavizza, Giovanni, and Matteo Romanello. "Citation Mining of Humanities Journals: The Progress to Date and the Challenges Ahead." Journal of European Periodical Studies 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/jeps.v4i1.10120.
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Even large citation indexes such as the Web of Science, Scopus or Google Scholar cover only a small fraction of the literature in the humanities. This coverage sensibly decreases going backwards in time. Citation mining of humanities publications — defined as an instance of bibliometric data mining and as a means to the end of building comprehensive citation indexes — remains an open problem. In this contribution we discuss the results of two recent projects in this area: Cited Loci and Linked Books. The former focused on the domain of classics, using journal articles in JSTOR as a corpus; the latter considered the historiography on Venice and a novel corpus of journals and monographs. Both projects attempted to mine citations of all kinds — abbreviated and not, to all types of sources, including primary sources — and considered a wide time span (19th to 21st century). We first discuss the current state of research in citation mining of humanities publications. We then present the various steps involved into this process, from corpus selection to data publication, discussing the peculiarities of the humanities. The approaches taken by the two projects are compared, allowing us to highlight disciplinary differences and commonalities, as well as shared challenges between historiography and classics on this respect. The resulting picture portrays humanities citation mining as a field with a great, yet mostly untapped potential, and a few still open challenges. The potential lies in using citations as a means to interconnect digitized collections at a large scale, by making explicit the linking function of bibliographic citations. As for the open challenges, a key issue is the existing need for an integrated metadata infrastructure and an appropriate legal framework to facilitate citation mining in the humanities.
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JHA, RAHUL, AMJAD-ABU JBARA, VAHED QAZVINIAN, and DRAGOMIR R. RADEV. "NLP-driven citation analysis for scientometrics." Natural Language Engineering 23, no. 1 (January 25, 2016): 93–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324915000443.
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AbstractThis paper summarizes ongoing research in Natural-Language-Processing-driven citation analysis and describes experiments and motivating examples of how this work can be used to enhance traditional scientometrics analysis that is based on simply treating citations as a ‘vote’ from the citing paper to cited paper. In particular, we describe our dataset for citation polarity and citation purpose, present experimental results on the automatic detection of these indicators, and demonstrate the use of such annotations for studying research dynamics and scientific summarization. We also look at two complementary problems that show up in Natural-Language-Processing-driven citation analysis for a specific target paper. The first problem is extracting citation context, the implicit citation sentences that do not contain explicit anchors to the target paper. The second problem is extracting reference scope, the target relevant segment of a complicated citing sentence that cites multiple papers. We show how these tasks can be helpful in improving sentiment analysis and citation-based summarization.
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Matveev, Yevgeniy M. "On the Problem of Biblical and Liturgical Citation by Mikhail Lomonosov." Slovene 6, no. 1 (2017): 393–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2017.6.1.16.
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The main objective of this paper is to describe the types and functions of biblical and liturgical citation in M. V. Lomonosov’s works. This research into Lomonosov’s text corpus shows that explicit biblical and liturgical citation can be revealed in the texts of different genres—both in his poetry and in his prose works (and not only in “poetic” rhetorical prose). The paper focuses on different forms of biblical and liturgical contexts in Lomonosov’s panegyric odes, natural science texts, working papers, and letters. Three sources of biblical and liturgical parallels were used: the Moscow Bible (1663), the Festal Menaion (1730), and the Octoechos (1715); the latter includes Lomonosov’s notes in the margins. The research shows that Lomonosov proceeds in various ways: he might mention a Bible source without citation; he might use marked citations; and he might include biblical and liturgical citations into his own speech without reinterpretation, sometimes giving them some additional semantics. Biblical and liturgical phraseology can be described as using the following specific forms: a) phrases that actuate biblical and liturgical semantics in Lomonosov’s panegyric odes (an important issue is to reveal which context is relevant—the biblical or the liturgical); b) those that demonstrate logical consistency between science and religion in Lomonosov’s natural science texts; c) those that construct polemic and ironic context in prose works of different genres; and d) those that emphasize some statements in Lomonosov’s letters, creating the effect of “switching the languages.”
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Pendell, Kimberly. "Behind the Wall." Advances in Social Work 18, no. 4 (January 2, 2019): 1041–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/22180.
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Despite implicit and explicit expectations that research inform their practice, social workers are unlikely to have access to published research articles. The traditional publishing model does not support public access (i.e., no publisher paywall barrier) to scholarly journals. Newer models of publishing allow free access to research including open access publishing and deposit of scholarship in institutional or disciplinary repositories. This study examined public access to articles in the top 25 social work journals. A random sample of article citations from a total of 1,587 was assessed, with the result that 52% of citations had no full-text access. Of the remaining 48% of citations with full-text access, it is questionable most will remain available long term due to possible copyright violations. Citations from the random sample show only minimal usage of institutional or disciplinary repositories as a means of sharing research. Establishing this baseline measure of access to research is an important first step in understanding the barriers for social workers in accessing research to inform practice. Recommendations for increasing access to research include publishing in open access journals and utilizing full text repositories.
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Lai, Shih-Kung. "An anatomy of time explicit planning behavior for urban complexity." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 47, no. 5 (November 26, 2018): 912–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808318814000.
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Planning has long been perceived as intervention in a complex spatial system that tends toward equilibrium. In this perspective, time is implicit and dynamic details do not matter. As a result, little has been said in the literature about planning behavior that takes into account time and dynamic details. Exploration into planning behavior is important in the face of complex systems that are path dependent and far from equilibrium. The purpose of the present paper is therefore to model normative planning behavior based on Savage’s ( 1954 ) utility theory, Marschak’s ( 1974 ) theory of teams, and Hopkins’s (1980) definition of plans (i.e. planning is an activity of information gathering and producing to reduce uncertainty), to interpret the planner’s behavior on plan making, implementation, and revision.[Per journal style, abstracts should not have reference citations. Therefore, can you kindly delete these reference citations ( Savage, 1954 ; Marschak, 1974 ; Hopkins, 1980 ) and rephrase the sentences as appropriate?] This model fits well the emerging perspective of the city in that urban development is non-equilibrium. We first define a simplified planning environment in which there are only one planner and one actor with three worlds: the grand world, the planner’s world, and the actor’s world, the latter two being small worlds. The notion of small world was first proposed by Savage ( 1954 ) and provides a useful way of explaining planning behavior. In the small worlds, the planner and the actor simultaneously select optimal actions among a set in order to maximize their expected utilities. Due to the mathematical property of the small world notion, planning behavior thus defined can be formulated analytically so that the planning process can be depicted in a precise, concrete language. The model proposed in the present paper is normative in nature, emphasizing on how planning behavior should take place and providing insights into how that behavior actually does come about in reality. In its current formulation, the model is only a preliminary approximation of normative planning behavior, but prompts some research questions worth pursuing, such as how multiple planners and actors make and use plans in a more complex situation and what planning procedures would be effective through computer simulations in the face of complexity.
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Lookadoo, Jonathon. "Ignatius of Antioch and Scripture." Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum / Journal of Ancient Christianity 23, no. 2 (July 15, 2019): 201–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zac-2019-0012.
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Abstract This article challenges a consensus position in Ignatian studies by arguing that Ignatius’s use of scripture has been underestimated and exploring two proposals for ways in which scripture influenced Ignatius. The essay first addresses the weak foundations of the consensus, namely, Ignatius’s report about his visit to Philadelphia and the small number of direct citations. It then explores two suggestions for how Ignatius displays his indebtedness to an early Jewish thought-world. First, Ignatius employs scriptural imagery in his letters. Second, he alludes to language that is found in several places across the Old Testament. Although the number of explicit citations is small, an expanded understanding of Ignatius’s use of Jewish scripture that takes into account imagery and allusions sheds light on Ignatius’s awareness of scripture and is in keeping with the practices of other early Christian texts.
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Oler, Derek K., Mitchell J. Oler, and Christopher J. Skousen. "Characterizing Accounting Research." Accounting Horizons 24, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 635–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch.2010.24.4.635.
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SYNOPSIS: In response to concerns over the viability of the academic discipline of accounting, we investigate trends in accounting research by examining papers published in six top accounting journals from 1960 to 2007. We use citations made by accounting papers as a proxy for their antecedent ideas and examine trends in citations, topics, and methodologies, in aggregate and by journal. Our results suggest that the growing body of accounting research draws increasingly from both finance and economics. Financial accounting topics and archival methodologies are becoming more dominant over time relative to other topics and methodologies, although these trends vary by journal. Though most concerns we discuss are recent, we find that the situation today is the result of trends set in motion decades ago with an explicit decision by influential researchers to move the discipline from a normative perspective to a positive perspective. Given its current state, accounting research may be broadly characterized as research into the effect of economic events on the process of summarizing, analyzing, verifying, and reporting standardized financial information, and on the effects of reported information on economic events.
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Frese, Amalie, and Henrik Palmer Olsen. "Spelling It Out−Convergence and Divergence in the Judicial Dialogue between cjeu and ECtHR." Nordic Journal of International Law 88, no. 3 (August 29, 2019): 429–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-08803001.
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In this article we investigate the relationship between the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights as it manifests in explicit cross-references between the two Courts’ jurisprudence. The analysis detects cross-references, how they are used and indications of converge or divergence in the jurisprudence through their explicit citations and references. Our dataset consists of the entire corpus of judgments from both Courts from 2009 (when the EU Charter on Fundamental Rights came into force and until the end of 2016. On the basis of a content search for references to the other Court in both corpora we detect all their cross-references. We find that 1) the Courts’ use each other’s case law surprisingly little, but when they do, it is 2) primarily within the legal domains of criminal justice and immigration policies, and 3) displaying convergence towards the jurisprudence of the other Court.
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Catalá-López, Ferrán, Adolfo Alonso-Arroyo, Matthew J. Page, Brian Hutton, Manuel Ridao, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael Aleixandre-Benavent, and David Moher. "Reporting guidelines for health research: protocol for a cross-sectional analysis of the EQUATOR Network Library." BMJ Open 9, no. 3 (March 2019): e022769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022769.
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IntroductionTransparency and completeness of health research is highly variable, with important deficiencies in the reporting of methods and results of studies. Reporting guidelines aim to improve transparency and quality of research reports, and are often developed by consortia of journal editors, peer reviewers, authors, consumers and other key stakeholders. The objective of this study will be to investigate the characteristics of scientific collaboration among developers and the citation metrics of reporting guidelines of health research.Methods and analysisThis is the study protocol for a cross-sectional analysis of completed reporting guidelines indexed in the Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research Network Library. We will search PubMed/MEDLINE and the Web of Science. Screening, selection and data abstraction will be conducted by one researcher and verified by a second researcher. Potential discrepancies will be resolved via discussion. We will include published papers of reporting guidelines written in English. Published papers will have to meet the definition of a reporting guideline related to health research (eg, a checklist, flow diagram or explicit text), with no restrictions by study design, medical specialty, disease or condition. Raw data from each included paper (including title, publication year, journal, subject category, keywords, citations, and the authors’ names, author’s affiliated institution and country) will be exported from the Web of Science. Descriptive analyses will be conducted (including the number of papers, citations, authors, countries, journals, keywords and main collaboration metrics). We will identify the most prolific authors, institutions, countries, journals and the most cited papers. Network analyses will be carried out to study the structure of collaborations.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval will be required. Findings from this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals. All data will be deposited in a cross-disciplinary public repository. It is anticipated the study findings could be relevant to a variety of audiences.
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Séroussi, B., N. Griffon, G. Kerdelhué, M. C. Jaulent, J. Bouaud, and J. B. Lamy. "Toward a Formalization of the Process to Select IMIA Yearbook Best Papers." Methods of Information in Medicine 54, no. 02 (2015): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me14-01-0031.
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SummaryBackground: Each year, the International Medical Informatics Association Yearbook recognizes significant scientific papers, labelled as “best papers”, published the previous year in the subfields of biomedical informatics that correspond to the different section topics of the journal. For each section, about fifteen pre-selected “candidate” best papers are externally peer-reviewed to select the actual best papers. Although based on the available literature, little is known about the pre-selection process.Objective: To move toward an explicit formalization of the candidate best papers selection process to reduce variability in the literature search across sections and over years.Methods: A methodological framework is proposed to build for each section topic specific queries tailored to PubMed and Web of Science citation databases. The two sets of returned papers are merged and reviewed by two independent section editors and citations are tagged as “discarded”, “pending”, and “kept”. A protocolized consolidation step is then jointly conducted to resolve conflicts. A bibliographic software tool, BibReview, was developed to support the whole process.Results: The proposed search strategy was fully applied to the Decision Support section of the 2013 edition of the Yearbook. For this section, 1124 references were returned (689 PubMed-specific, 254 WoS-specific, 181 common to both databases) among which the 15 candidate best papers were selected.Conclusions: The search strategy for determining candidate best papers for an IMIA Yearbook’s section is now explicitly specified and allows for reproducibility. However, some aspects of the whole process remain reviewer-dependent, mostly because there is no characterization of a ”best paper“.
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Wallace, Vesna A. "Thoughts on Originality, Reuse, and Intertextuality in Buddhist Literature Derived from the Contributions to the Volume." Buddhist Studies Review 33, no. 1-2 (January 20, 2017): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/bsrv.31648.
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Studies in originality, authorship, and intertextuality in the contexts of the South Asian and Tibetan Buddhist literature are indispensible for uncovering the direct and indirect referential connections and the diverse modes of their production in an extensive mosaic of Buddhist texts. They also highlight the multifarious functions of textual reuses and re-workings in cultural productions and religious and literary reinvigorations. Moreover, a reintegration of explicit and silent citations and creative paraphrases and a recirculation of narrative adaptations, which have been often sidelined in the study of Buddhist literature, have been shown to be integral to the formation of a textual authority and to the restructuring of cultural and doctrinal meanings.
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Werline, Rodney. "The Transformation of Pauline Arguments in Justin Martyr's Dialogue with Trypho." Harvard Theological Review 92, no. 1 (January 1999): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000017867.
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In his Dialogue with Trypho, Justin extensively quotes the Jewish scriptures and includes several citations of logia of Jesus. Furthermore, while explicit citations from Paul are peculiarly absent from the text, Justin, writing from Rome, certainly knows Paul's writings in detail and uses them. Indeed, it seems that the Dialogue provides a perfect occasion for him to employ Paul because in it he addresses the relationship between Judaism and the church, a central topic in both Romans and Galatians. Besides the appearance of Pauline quotations, several of Justin's arguments directly rely on Paul's thinking. For example, Justin probably has Galatians 3 before him as he composes Dialogue 95–96. Oskar Skarsaune's analysis of Justin's writing also indicates that Romans is one of Justin's preferred sources for quotations of the Jewish scriptures; that is, he sometimes quotes the Jewish scriptures as they appear in Paul rather the LXX. He draws especially from the Jewish scriptures quoted in Romans 2–4 and 9–11 because the chapters examine the problem of Torah and the Jews' rejection of the gospel, also two important issues in the Dialogue.
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Hofer, Nathan. "Scriptural Substitutions and Anonymous Citations: Judaization as Rhetorical Strategy in a Jewish Sufi Text1." Numen 61, no. 4 (June 9, 2014): 364–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685276-12341329.
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In this article, I take the theme of other people’s scriptures in a slightly different direction by highlighting a case in which an instance of scriptural engagement is characterized by a notable absence rather than explicit presence. I examine the work of David ben Joshua Maimonides, a medieval Jewish author who engaged with and quoted from Muslim Sufi texts. However, in the process of writing David systematically removed references to the Qurʾān and obscured the identity of his Sufi interlocutors, a process which scholars often describe as “judaization.” However, this descriptive use of judaization often functions to obscure the complicated negotiations between an author and his or her sources. In this case, I pose judaization as an analytical problem. I argue that David left his knowing readers clues in the text that hint at the Sufi provenance of many of his ideas. The removal of qurʾānic material and the obfuscation of his Sufi sources were actually part of a clear and deliberate rhetorical strategy meant both to subvert his Sufi texts and to bolster his claims about the relationship between Sufism, biblical Judaism, and the revivification of prophecy among the Jews.
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Svanlund, Jan. "Metalinguistic comments and signals." Pragmatics and Cognition 25, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 122–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.18005.sva.
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Abstract Many neologies receive a large amount of metalinguistic focus during their conventionalization. This includes explicit metalinguistic comments, as well as several ways of emphasizing a new word qua word in running texts, so-called metasignals (e.g., quotation marks). This article reports from a large quantitative study of 360 Swedish neologies. It investigates the nature and the amount of metafocus during conventionalization. More than 96% of the neologies received metafocus at least once, but the mean proportion of metafocused citations was low, just under 3.5%. Metafocusing is likely to be more intense in early phases and is likely to decline over time. No long-term effects of metafocusing on the conventionalization process itself were found in corpus data.
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Zaheer, Muhammad Usman, Mo D. Salman, Kay K. Steneroden, Sheryl L. Magzamen, Stephen E. Weber, Shaun Case, and Sangeeta Rao. "Challenges to the Application of Spatially Explicit Stochastic Simulation Models for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Control in Endemic Settings: A Systematic Review." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2020 (November 21, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7841941.
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Simulation modeling has become common for estimating the spread of highly contagious animal diseases. Several models have been developed to mimic the spread of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in specific regions or countries, conduct risk assessment, analyze outbreaks using historical data or hypothetical scenarios, assist in policy decisions during epidemics, formulate preparedness plans, and evaluate economic impacts. Majority of the available FMD simulation models were designed for and applied in disease-free countries, while there has been limited use of such models in FMD endemic countries. This paper’s objective was to report the findings from a study conducted to review the existing published original research literature on spatially explicit stochastic simulation (SESS) models of FMD spread, focusing on assessing these models for their potential use in endemic settings. The goal was to identify the specific components of endemic FMD needed to adapt these SESS models for their potential application in FMD endemic settings. This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines, and three databases were searched, which resulted in 1176 citations. Eighty citations finally met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis, identifying nine unique SESS models. These SESS models were assessed for their potential application in endemic settings. The assessed SESS models can be adapted for use in FMD endemic countries by modifying the underlying code to include multiple cocirculating serotypes, routine prophylactic vaccination (RPV), and livestock population dynamics to more realistically mimic the endemic characteristics of FMD. The application of SESS models in endemic settings will help evaluate strategies for FMD control, which will improve livestock health, provide economic gains for producers, help alleviate poverty and hunger, and will complement efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Rensberger, David, and Bruce G. Schuchard. "Scripture within Scripture: The Interrelationship of Form and Function in the Explicit Old Testament Citations in the Gospel of John." Journal of Biblical Literature 113, no. 2 (1994): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3266537.
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Lockett, Andy, and Steve Thompson. "The resource-based view and economics." Journal of Management 27, no. 6 (December 2001): 723–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920630102700608.
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This paper analyzes the link between economics and the resource-based view (RBV) of the firm. Although, historically there has been a strong link between the disciplines of strategy and economics, explicit citations of key RBV works has been disappointingly low in mainstream economics journals. However, there are substantial bodies of works that build implicitly on the ideas of the RBV, in particular the consequences of path dependency on firm behavior, to explain a number of different economic issues. The issues we review in the paper are all influenced by path dependency and include: (1) diversification and market entry, (2) corporate refocusing, and market exit, (3) explaining innovative activity among firms, (4) diversification and performance and (5) industry evolution with rapidly changing products. Furthermore, we identify a number of reasons that may have limited the explicit use of the RBV in economics, which include the problems of causal ambiguity, tautology and firm heterogeneity. Finally, potential areas for future research are identified, which include the interaction of the RBV and Agency Theory, the RBV as a dynamic theory, using the RBV to explain radical change and the application of the RBV to issues of antitrust.
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Park, Hyun-Hee. "Teaching Methods for Strengthening Authorship in College Academic Writing －A Case Study of a Social Science Writing Class." Korean Association of General Education 15, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.46392/kjge.2021.15.4.71.
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College academic writing education must focus on reinforcing authorship. Authorship means that one's identity as an author is reflected throughout the text. Authorship also refers to the identity of a subject who produces knowledge through a dynamic process. However, this process requires the author to actively participate in academic dialogues with other scholars, rather than simply act as a passive recipient of knowledge and discourse in the academic community. This is particularly true when it comes to academic writing. This study presents educational guidelines on how to strengthen authorship based on communication in the academic community. It further explores specific teaching methods by examining several instructive teaching samples. We propose an explicit and specific authorship-enhancing teaching method that could prove particularly useful in process-oriented academic writing. Through theory-based lectures and case studies that critically review previous research as a product of the academic discourse community, we propose explicit and specific educational methods, not only to strengthen authorship among our students, but to also teach them about the certain types and characteristics of academic writing. We also provide education regarding citations and plagiarism by applying explicit theories and using examples from the authorship-enhancement perspective. This study suggests that one-on-one consultations can help students address the difficulties inherent in academic writing. Furthermore, through the process of writing education which aims at strengthening authorship among our students, we can also expect other educational effects to naturally develop as well.
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Piwowar, Heather, Jason Priem, Vincent Larivière, Juan Pablo Alperin, Lisa Matthias, Bree Norlander, Ashley Farley, Jevin West, and Stefanie Haustein. "The state of OA: a large-scale analysis of the prevalence and impact of Open Access articles." PeerJ 6 (February 13, 2018): e4375. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4375.
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Despite growing interest in Open Access (OA) to scholarly literature, there is an unmet need for large-scale, up-to-date, and reproducible studies assessing the prevalence and characteristics of OA. We address this need using oaDOI, an open online service that determines OA status for 67 million articles. We use three samples, each of 100,000 articles, to investigate OA in three populations: (1) all journal articles assigned a Crossref DOI, (2) recent journal articles indexed in Web of Science, and (3) articles viewed by users of Unpaywall, an open-source browser extension that lets users find OA articles using oaDOI. We estimate that at least 28% of the scholarly literature is OA (19M in total) and that this proportion is growing, driven particularly by growth in Gold and Hybrid. The most recent year analyzed (2015) also has the highest percentage of OA (45%). Because of this growth, and the fact that readers disproportionately access newer articles, we find that Unpaywall users encounter OA quite frequently: 47% of articles they view are OA. Notably, the most common mechanism for OA is not Gold, Green, or Hybrid OA, but rather an under-discussed category we dub Bronze: articles made free-to-read on the publisher website, without an explicit Open license. We also examine the citation impact of OA articles, corroborating the so-called open-access citation advantage: accounting for age and discipline, OA articles receive 18% more citations than average, an effect driven primarily by Green and Hybrid OA. We encourage further research using the free oaDOI service, as a way to inform OA policy and practice.
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Piwowar, H., J. Priem, V. Larivière, J. P. Alperin, L. Matthias, B. Norlander, A. Farley, J. West, and S. Haustein. "THE STATE OF OA: A LARGE-SCALE ANALYSIS OF THE PREVALENCE AND IMPACT OF OPEN ACCESS ARTICLES." Scholarly Research and Information 2, no. 4 (January 28, 2020): 228–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24108/2658-3143-2019-2-4-228-247.
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Despite growing interest in Open Access (OA) to scholarly literature, there is an unmet need for large-scale, up-to-date, and reproducible studies assessing the prevalence and characteristics of OA. We address this need using oaDOI, an open online service that determines OA status for 67 million articles. We use three samples, each of 100,000 articles, to investigate OA in three populations: (1) all journal articles assigned a Crossref DOI, (2) recent journal articles indexed in Web of Science, and (3) articles viewed by users of Unpaywall, an open-source browser extension that lets users find OA articles using oaDOI. We estimate that at least 28% of the scholarly literature is OA (19M in total) and that this proportion is growing, driven particularly by growth in Gold and Hybrid. The most recent year analyzed (2015) also has the highest percentage of OA (45%). Because of this growth, and the fact that readers disproportionately access newer articles, we find that Unpaywall users encounter OA quite frequently: 47% of articles they view are OA. Notably, the most common mechanism for OA is not Gold, Green, or Hybrid OA, but rather an under-discussed category we dub Bronze: articles made free-to-read on the publisher website, without an explicit Open license. We also examine the citation impact of OA articles, corroborating the so-called open-access citation advantage: accounting for age and discipline, OA articles receive 18% more citations than average, an effect driven primarily by Green and Hybrid OA. We encourage further research using the free oaDOI service, as a way to inform OA policy and practice.
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Rowe, M. W. "Goethe and Wittgenstein." Philosophy 66, no. 257 (July 1991): 283–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819100064901.
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The influence of Goethe on Wittgenstein is just beginning to be appreciated. Hacker and Baker, Westphal, Monk, and Haller have all drawn attention to significant affinities between the two men's work, and the number of explicit citations of Goethe in Wittgenstein's texts supports the idea that we are not dealing simply with a matter of deeplying similarities of aim and method, but of direct and major influence. These scholarly developments are encouraging because they help to place Wittgenstein's work within an important tradition of German letters which goes far beyond his contemporaries and immediate forebears in Vienna; and they show that Wittgenstein's profound interest in literature and music is ceasing to be merely a matter of biographical anecdote, and is being used to illuminate some of the most central areas of his work.
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Stankovic, Miodrag, Grozdanko Grbesa, Jelena Kostic, Sandra Stankovic, and Jelena Stevanovic. "Changes needed in the classification of anxiety disorders in childhood: Options for ICD-11." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 143, no. 5-6 (2015): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh1506369s.
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Considering the intensive preparation of the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), we discussed the justification of the existing classification of emotional disorders with onset specific to childhood. This paper presents the citations from the ICD-10 (F93 block) and the authors? comments as a critical review of the justification of further existence of emotional disorders with onset specific to childhood as a separate block in ICD-11 classification. We concluded that the block F93 is insufficiently defined and should be completely changed or removed from the ICD-11 classification. Additionally, the specificities of the clinical picture of anxiety disorders in children should be adequately described within the future category of anxiety and phobic disorders by giving an explicit set of instructions for identifying clinical manifestations which vary by age.
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Zenk-Möltgen, Wolfgang, and Greta Lepthien. "Data sharing in sociology journals." Online Information Review 38, no. 6 (September 9, 2014): 709–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-05-2014-0119.
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Purpose – Data sharing is key for replication and re-use in empirical research. Scientific journals can play a central role by establishing data policies and providing technologies. The purpose of this paper is to analyses the factors which influence data sharing by investigating journal data policies and the behaviour of authors in sociology. Design/methodology/approach – The web sites of 140 sociology journals were consulted to check their data policy. The results are compared with similar studies from political science and economics. A broad selection of articles published in five selected journals over a period of two years are examined to determine whether authors really cite and share their data and the factors which are related to this. Findings – Although only a few sociology journals have explicit data policies, most journals make reference to a common policy supplied by their association of publishers. Among the journals selected, relatively few articles provide data citations and even fewer make data available – this is true both for journals with and without a data policy. But authors writing for journals with higher impact factors and with data policies are more likely to cite data and to make it really accessible. Originality/value – No study of journal data policies has been undertaken to date for the domain of sociology. A comparison of authors’ behaviours regarding data availability, data citation, and data accessibility for journals with or without a data policy provides useful information about the factors which improve data sharing.
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Meads, Hunt, Martin, and Varney. "A Systematic Review of Sexual Minority Women’s Experiences of Health Care in the UK." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17 (August 21, 2019): 3032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173032.
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Sexual minority women (SMW) experience worse health and disproportionate behavioural risks to health than heterosexual women. This mixed-methods systematic review evaluated recent studies on health experiences of UK SMW, published 2010–2018. Analysis was through narrative thematic description and synthesis. Identified were 23,103 citations, 26 studies included, of which 22 provided qualitative and nine quantitative results. SMW had worse health experiences that might impact negatively on access, service uptake and health outcomes. Findings highlighted significant barriers facing SMW, including heteronormative assumptions, perceptions and experiences of negative responses to coming out, ignorance and prejudice from healthcare professionals, and barriers to raising concerns or complaints. Little information was available about bisexual and trans women’s issues. Findings highlighted the need for explicit and consistent education for healthcare professionals on SMW issues, and stronger application of non-discrimination policies in clinical settings.
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Kysar, Robert. "Book Review: Scripture Within Scripture: The Interrelationship of Form and Function in the Explicit Old Testament Citations in the Gospel of John." Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology 48, no. 2 (April 1994): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002096430004800229.
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Schaberg, David. "Remonstrance in Eastern Zhou Historiography." Early China 22 (1997): 133–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362502800003266.
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Remonstrances (jian 諫) reveal a great deal about the writing of history in China during the Eastern Zhou. As represented in the Zuozhuan and Guoyu, remonstrances, like other speeches, are normally delivered in court and address questions of official policy. They tend to test contemporary phenomena against the lessons of the past, especially as those lessons have been formulated in the Shijing, the Shangshu, aphorisms, and other forms of what I term “inherited speech.” Remonstrances also have the support of the third-person historical narrative which surrounds them; the ruler who ignores a remonstrance always suffers for his obstinacy. After briefly discussing the importance of speeches in the Zuozhuan and Guoyu, I outline the structure of a remonstrance and examine four passages in which critical speech, including remonstrance, is said to have circulated freely in the courts of an idealized early period. Next I show how remonstrances match observed historical particulars with fragments of inherited speech. The famous remonstrance of Gong zhi Qi, an exemplary episode, shows how this application of inherited speech guides rhetorical choices and establishes Traditionalist or Confucian terms as the keys to historical intelligibility. Finally, I examine a set of remonstrances which are exceptional in that they do not include overt citations of inherited speech. Among these, military remonstrances can genuinely eschew explicit citation of lessons of the past, while others borrow the authority of inherited speech without seeming to do so. In one case, a brief remonstrance has apparently acquired the status of an aphorism, so that already when it is first uttered it qualifies as a sort of inherited speech. In another case, a precursor of the indirect remonstrances (fengjian 諷諫) of later periods, remonstrators use a theatrical combination of actions and speech to criticize their superior's departure from correct ways. As texts in which the speakers (and behind them the authors) of the Zuozhuan and Guoyu state explicitly their understanding of historical causation, remonstrances make it possible for us to understand the ideals which operate implicitly throughout the narratives of these works.
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Liu, Jia, Lin Fan, and Hongshan Yin. "A bibliometric analysis on cognitive processing of emotional words." Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 35, no. 2 (April 22, 2019): 353–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqz025.
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Abstract To investigate the growth of studies on emotional word processing, co-citations and co-occurring terms in related research were analyzed by using CiteSpace software. Through visualizing the references obtained from Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection of Thomson Reuters, the main research patterns and the hot research topics were identified. The research patterns include processing levels (implicit and explicit processing), the comparison between emotional and neutral words as well as visual emotional word processing under various tasks such as blink modification and subvocal rehearsal. The hot themes are: (1) the neural correlates of negative, positive and neutral words, (2) individual differences in trait anxiety, gender or eating disorders, and (3) audiovisual processing of emotional stimuli (words, faces, pictures, and sounds). Different from the previous review papers, the present study offers a new approach to visualizing relevant data over the past three decades to synthesize scientific research findings on emotional word processing. In addition, suggestions for future work in this area are provided.
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Law, Tyler, John Lavis, Ali Hamandi, Andrew Cheung, and Fadi El-Jardali. "Climate for Evidence-Informed Health Systems: A Profile of Systematic Review Production in 41 Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 1996-2008." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 17, no. 1 (January 2012): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jhsrp.2011.010109.
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Objective To describe systematic review production in 41 countries in Africa, the Americas, Asia and the eastern Mediterranean to understand one dimension of the climate for evidence-informed health systems and to provide a baseline for an evaluation of knowledge translation initiatives. Methods Our focus was systematic reviews published between 1996 and 2008 that had a corresponding author based in, or that appeared to target, one of the countries in these regions. We searched both Medline and Embase using validated search strategies, identified citations with a country name in the corresponding author's institutional affiliation or as a textword (i.e., an explicit mention in the title or abstract) or keyword, and coded articles describing a systematic review. We followed the same citation identification procedure for Health Systems Evidence, a database containing systematic reviews about health systems. Results Systematic review production increased between three-fold (for Africa in Medline) and 110-fold (for Asia in Embase) between the first period (1996-2002) and second period (2003-2008). In the second period, China was more often the home of corresponding authors and the target of reviews than any other country. No systematic reviews were produced by a corresponding author based in nine countries, or appeared to target five countries. Only 48 reviews identified through Medline and Embase addressed health systems, and 35 health systems reviews identified through Health Systems Evidence addressed these countries. Conclusion In many countries, those seeking to support evidence-informed health systems cannot turn to experienced local systematic reviewers to help them to find and use systematic reviews or to conduct reviews on high priority topics when none exists. These findings suggest the need for local capacity-building initiatives.
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Tilman, Rick. "John Dewey as User and Critic of Thorstein Veblen's Ideas." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 20, no. 2 (June 1998): 145–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837200001826.
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John Dewey (1859-1952) is easily the most influential philosopher America has produced and Thorstein Veblen (1857-1929) is arguably the most influential American heterodox economist. Although scholars have often pondered both their intellectual and personal relationship, until recently no firm conclusions could accurately be drawn. Due to the lack of correspondence between the two men and the brevity of Veblen's comments on and citations of Dewey, it is difficult to know what the former thought of the latter both in terms of personality and economic ideas. But, fortunately, Dewey cited Veblen and commented on his economic thought on many occasions so it is possible to at least partly reconstruct one-half of the relationship. This reconstruction will be the focus of this article, emphasizing: (1) their biographical intersections and convergences; (2) Dewey's ideas about economics and the economy; (3) Dewey's explicit use of Veblen's economic ideas in his own published work; and (4) Dewey's critical comments in his correspondence regarding Veblen's interpretation of pragmatism and his development as a social theorist.
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Lunny, Carole, Cynthia Ramasubbu, Savannah Gerrish, Tracy Liu, Douglas M. Salzwedel, Lorri Puil, Barbara Mintzes, and James (Jim) Wright. "Impact and use of reviews and ‘overviews of reviews’ to inform clinical practice guideline recommendations: protocol for a methods study." BMJ Open 10, no. 1 (January 2020): e031442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031442.
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IntroductionGuidelines are systematically developed recommendations to assist practitioner and patient decisions about treatments for clinical conditions. High quality and comprehensive systematic reviews and ‘overviews of systematic reviews’ (overviews) represent the best available evidence. Many guideline developers, such as the WHO and the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, recommend the use of these research syntheses to underpin guideline recommendations. We aim to evaluate the impact and use of systematic reviews with and without pairwise meta-analysis or network meta-analyses (NMAs) and overviews in clinical practice guideline (CPG) recommendations.Methods and analysisCPGs will be retrieved from Turning Research Into Practice and Epistemonikos (2017–2018). The retrieved citations will be sorted randomly and then screened sequentially by two independent reviewers until 50 CPGs have been identified. We will include CPGs that provide at least two explicit recommendations for the management of any clinical condition. We will assess whether reviews or overviews were cited in a recommendation as part of the development process for guidelines. Data extraction will be done independently by two authors and compared. We will assess the risk of bias by examining how each guideline developed clinical recommendations. We will calculate the number and frequency of citations of reviews with or without pairwise meta-analysis, reviews with NMAs and overviews, and whether they were systematically or non-systematically developed. Results will be described, tabulated and categorised based on review type (reviews or overviews). CPGs reporting the use of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach will be compared with those using a different system, and pharmacological versus non-pharmacological CPGs will be compared.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics approval is required. We will present at the Cochrane Colloquium and the Guidelines International Network conference.
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Papoutsi, Chrysanthi, Karen Mattick, Mark Pearson, Nicola Brennan, Simon Briscoe, and Geoff Wong. "Interventions to improve antimicrobial prescribing of doctors in training (IMPACT): a realist review." Health Services and Delivery Research 6, no. 10 (February 2018): 1–136. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hsdr06100.
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BackgroundInterventions to improve the antimicrobial prescribing practices of doctors have been implemented widely to curtail the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance, but have been met with varying levels of success.ObjectivesThis study aimed to generate an in-depth understanding of how antimicrobial prescribing interventions ‘work’ (or do not work) for doctors in training by taking into account the wider context in which prescribing decisions are enacted.DesignThe review followed a realist approach to evidence synthesis, which uses an interpretive, theory-driven analysis of qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods data from relevant studies.SettingPrimary and secondary care.ParticipantsNot applicable.InterventionsStudies related to antimicrobial prescribing for doctors in training.Main outcome measuresNot applicable.Data sourcesEMBASE (via Ovid), MEDLINE (via Ovid), MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations (via Ovid), PsycINFO (via Ovid), Web of Science core collection limited to Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and Conference Proceedings Citation Index – Science (CPCI-S) (via Thomson Reuters), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) database (all via The Cochrane Library), Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA) (via ProQuest), Google Scholar (Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) and expert recommendations.Review methodsClearly bounded searches of electronic databases were supplemented by citation tracking and grey literature. Following quality standards for realist reviews, the retrieved articles were systematically screened and iteratively analysed to develop theoretically driven explanations. A programme theory was produced with input from a stakeholder group consisting of practitioners and patient representatives.ResultsA total of 131 articles were included. The overarching programme theory developed from the analysis of these articles explains how and why doctors in training decide to passively comply with or actively follow (1) seniors’ prescribing habits, (2) the way seniors take into account prescribing aids and seek the views of other health professionals and (3) the way seniors negotiate patient expectations. The programme theory also explains what drives willingness or reluctance to ask questions about antimicrobial prescribing or to challenge the decisions made by seniors. The review outlines how these outcomes result from complex inter-relationships between the contexts of practice doctors in training are embedded in (hierarchical relationships, powerful prescribing norms, unclear roles and responsibilities, implicit expectations about knowledge levels and application in practice) and the mechanisms triggered in these contexts (fear of criticism and individual responsibility, reputation management, position in the clinical team and appearing competent). Drawing on these findings, we set out explicit recommendations for optimal tailoring, design and implementation of antimicrobial prescribing interventions targeted at doctors in training.LimitationsMost articles included in the review discussed hospital-based, rather than primary, care. In cases when few data were available to fully capture all the nuances between context, mechanisms and outcomes, we have been explicit about the strength of our arguments.ConclusionsThis review contributes to our understanding of how antimicrobial prescribing interventions for doctors in training can be better embedded in the hierarchical and interprofessional dynamics of different health-care settings.Future workMore work is required to understand how interprofessional support for doctors in training can contribute to appropriate prescribing in the context of hierarchical dynamics.Study registrationThis study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42015017802.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
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Evans, Stephen. "Ñ??ananda’s Concept and Reality: An Assessment." Buddhist Studies Review 34, no. 1 (September 11, 2017): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/bsrv.28845.
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Bhikkhu Ñ??ananda’s Concept and Reality has exerted a certain influence on Buddhist Studies, from translations of the P?li Nik?yas to interpretations of doctrine. Far beyond proposing translations for papañca and papañca-saññ?sa?kh?, the book lays out a thesis, supported and illustrated by frequent citations from the Nik?yas, concerning the role of concepts and language itself in perpetuating bondage to sa?s?ra. Concepts and language are said to obscure reality in a self-perpetuating cycle that bars us from liberation. The thesis has intuitive force and profound implications for understanding the P?li sources. However, the presentation is flawed by inconsistencies, lack of clarity, and overly interpretive translations of the P?li — it is not even clear in important details precisely what Ñ??ananda’s intended thesis is. The present offering is an attempt at clarifying this seminal work so as to enable building upon it. The given thesis is elucidated, making its problems explicit, and suggesting resolutions, arriving finally with a proposal of what he may have intended. Along the way, I indicate where given support from the Nik?yas is weak.
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Anderson, Malcolm I., Grahame K. Simpson, Maysaa Daher, and Lucinda Matheson. "The Relationship Between Coping and Psychological Adjustment in Family Caregivers of Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review." Annual Review of Nursing Research 33, no. 1 (May 2015): 219–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.33.219.
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A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the association between coping (as measured by the Ways of Coping Questionnaire [WOCQ]) and psychological adjustment in caregivers of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). A search conducted using the CINAHL, Medline, and PsycINFO databases yielded 201 citations between 1974 and 2014. A total of seven articles met the inclusion criteria; namely, the respondents who completed the WOCQ were family caregivers of individuals with TBI (including 66-item, 42-item, or 21-item versions). Reviews were conducted in accordance with the American Academy of Neurology guidelines (2011) for classifying evidence. The results found no Class 1 or Class II studies but only four Class III and three Class IV studies. The major finding across the better-rated Class III studies was that the use of emotion-focused coping and problem-focused coping was possibly associated with psychological adjustment in caregivers. The Class IV studies were determined to be inadequate or conflicting in determining the association between coping and psychological adjustment. Future studies need to employ carefully crafted designs, adhere to statistical procedure, apply advanced analytic techniques, and employ explicit models of coping, which will increase the accuracy and generalizability of the findings.
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Goroshko, Olena, and Tetiana Poliakova. "Persuasiveness in Political Discourse on Twitter." PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 24, no. 2 (October 3, 2018): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2018-24-2-29-46.
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The article focuses on the question of new communication form appearance – the internet communication, namely political internet communication, that furthermore influenced the appearance of the new genres, among which we can find twitting. The active twitting usage with the communicative aim in political sphere puts the question about language learning namely about the means of expression of the persuasive language influence in the analyzed genre, as the persuasive language influence function is one of the most important functions in political internet-communication from psycholinguistic point of view.
The research process found out the range of verbal expression meanings of explicit and implicit persuasiveness. To the verbal meanings of implicit persuasiveness, we can refer the usage of imperatives and imperative constructions, explicit performatives, constructions with modal verbs, short sentences, and slogans.
The verbal meanings of implicit persuasiveness include rhetorical questions, affirmative sentences, and famous people’s citations. To the special language meanings, which encourage the influence on the addressee we also refer the usage of elliptical sentences, parcelation, repetition. The mostly used lexical and stylistic meanings, that encourage the fulfillment of the main purposes of political discourse is the usage of metaphor, metonymy, irony, personification and oxymoron. The research allowed us to come to conclusion, that the English-speaking political internet-communication is characterized with the usage of the same verbal appellation meanings as traditional communication. But we can also outline the meanings peculiar only to the internet communication and especially the twitting genre. For the research methodology we took out modern scientific conceptions. The research methodology was developed according the framework of genre study, psycholinguistics, 2.0, virtual genre study. According to the aim and tasks, general and linguistic research methods were used.
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Kirby, Joslyn S., Thomas Scharnitz, Elizabeth V. Seiverling, Hadjh Ahrns, and Sara Ferguson. "Actinic Keratosis Clinical Practice Guidelines: An Appraisal of Quality." Dermatology Research and Practice 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/456071.
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Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common precancerous skin lesion and many AK management guidelines exist, but there has been limited investigation into the quality of these documents. The objective of this study was to assess the strengths and weaknesses of guidelines that address AK management. A systematic search for guidelines with recommendations for AK was performed. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) was used to appraise the quality of guidelines. Multiple raters independently reviewed each of the guidelines and applied the AGREE II tool and scores were calculated. Overall, 2,307 citations were identified and 7 fulfilled the study criteria. The Cancer Council of Australia/Australian Cancer Network guideline had the highest mean scores and was the only guideline to include a systematic review, include an evidence rating for recommendations, and report conflicts of interest and funding sources. High-quality, effective guidelines are evidence-based with recommendations that are concise and organized, so practical application is facilitated. Features such as concise tables, pictorial diagrams, and explicit links to evidence are helpful. However, the rigor and validity of some guidelines were weak. So, it is important for providers to be aware of the features that contribute to a high-quality, practical document.
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Badenhorst, Cecile M. "Graduate student writing: Complexity in literature reviews." Studies in Graduate and Postdoctoral Education 9, no. 1 (May 14, 2018): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sgpe-d-17-00031.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore Master’s students’ literature reviews to better understand the literacies required for engaging in complexity in this genre and to inform graduate student pedagogy.Design/methodology/approachIn this qualitative study, data were collected in the form of student literature review papers (23 drafts and 23 final versions) from students attending a research seminar course in an all-course Master’s program. All papers were analyzed for citations patterns, genre awareness and levels of complexity.FindingsResults highlight the nature of complexity in this genre – that this complexity is underpinned by discursive issues such as “truth”, “claims” or “facts” that often mislead novice academic writers, and recognizing that knowledge contested in academic contexts is important to understanding and teaching students about complexity in writing.Originality/valueOne of the most challenging writing tasks graduate students face, is the literature review. Literature reviews require sophisticated conceptual maneuverings. Despite being analytical in nature, many students find it difficult to engage with the layers of complexity required in this genre. How do we make the complexity in literature reviews more visible and accessible? The argument in this paper is that understanding the nature of complexity in literature reviews can enhance writing processes and intentional explicit pedagogy.
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Kocbek, Mateja, Gregor Jost, Marjan Hericko, and Gregor Polancic. "Business process model and notation: The current state of affairs." Computer Science and Information Systems 12, no. 2 (2015): 509–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis140610006k.
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Context: With business process modelling, companies and organizations can gain explicit control over their processes. Currently, there are many notations in the area of business process modelling, where Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is denoted as the de facto standard. Aims: The aim of this research is to provide the state-of-the-art results addressing the acceptance of BPMN, while also examining the purposes of its usage. Furthermore, the advantages, disadvantages and other interests related to BPMN were also investigated. Method: To achieve these objectives, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and a semantic examination of articles? citations was conducted. Results: After completing SLR, out of a total of 852 articles, 31 were deemed relevant. The majority of the articles analyzed the notation and compared it with other modelling techniques. The remainder evaluated general aspects of the notation, e.g. history and versions of the standard, usage of the notation or tools. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that there are empirical insights about the level of BPMN acceptance. They suggest that BPMN is still widely perceived as the de facto standard in the process modelling domain and its usage is everincreasing. However, many studies report that only a limited set of elements are commonly used and to this end, several extensions were proposed. The main purpose of BPMN remains the description of business processes.
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Kim, Jooyeon, Dongwoo Kim, and Alice Oh. "Joint Modeling of Topics, Citations, and Topical Authority in Academic Corpora." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 5 (December 2017): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00055.
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Much of scientific progress stems from previously published findings, but searching through the vast sea of scientific publications is difficult. We often rely on metrics of scholarly authority to find the prominent authors but these authority indices do not differentiate authority based on research topics. We present Latent Topical-Authority Indexing (LTAI) for jointly modeling the topics, citations, and topical authority in a corpus of academic papers. Compared to previous models, LTAI differs in two main aspects. First, it explicitly models the generative process of the citations, rather than treating the citations as given. Second, it models each author’s influence on citations of a paper based on the topics of the cited papers, as well as the citing papers. We fit LTAI into four academic corpora: CORA, Arxiv Physics, PNAS, and Citeseer. We compare the performance of LTAI against various baselines, starting with the latent Dirichlet allocation, to the more advanced models including author-link topic model and dynamic author citation topic model. The results show that LTAI achieves improved accuracy over other similar models when predicting words, citations and authors of publications.
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Lane, S. P., D. Steinley, and K. J. Sher. "Meta-analysis of DSM alcohol use disorder criteria severities: structural consistency is only ‘skin deep’." Psychological Medicine 46, no. 8 (March 28, 2016): 1769–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291716000404.
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BackgroundItem response theory (IRT) analyses of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and other psychological disorders are a predominant method for assessing overall and individual criterion severity for psychiatric diagnosis. However, no investigation has established the consistency of the relative criteria severities across different samples.MethodPubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science and ProQuest databases were queried for entries relating to alcohol use and IRT. Study data were extracted using a standardized data entry sheet. Consistency of reported criteria severities across studies was analysed using generalizability theory to estimate generalized intraclass correlations (ICCs).ResultsA total of 451 citations were screened and 34 papers (30 unique samples) included in the research synthesis. The AUD criteria set exhibited low consistency in the ordering of criteria using both traditional [ICC = 0.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06–0.56] and generalized (ICC = 0.18, 95% CI 0.15–0.21) approaches. These results were partially accounted for by previously studied factors such as age and type of sample (e.g. clinical v. community), but the largest source of unreliability was the diagnostic instrument employed.ConclusionsDespite the robust finding of unidimensional structure of AUDs, inconsistency in the relative severities across studies suggests low replicability, challenging the generalizability of findings from any given study. Explicit modeling of well-studied factors like age and sample type is essential and increases the generalizability of findings. Moreover, while the development of structured diagnostic interviews is considered a landmark contribution toward improving psychiatric research, variability across instruments has not been fully appreciated and is substantial.
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Winters, Niall, Laurenz Langer, Promise Nduku, James Robson, James O'Donovan, Pallab Maulik, Chris Paton, Anne Geniets, David Peiris, and Shobhana Nagraj. "Using mobile technologies to support the training of community health workers in low-income and middle-income countries: mapping the evidence." BMJ Global Health 4, no. 4 (July 2019): e001421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001421.
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IntroductionThis paper maps the evidence published between 2000 and 2018 on the use of mobile technologies to train community health workers (CHWs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) across nine areas of global healthcare, including the neglected areas of disability and mental health.MethodsWe used an evidence mapping methodology, based on systematic review guidelines, to systematically and transparently assess the available evidence-base. We searched eight scientific databases and 54 grey literature sources, developed explicit inclusion criteria, and coded all included studies at full text for key variables. The included evidence-base was visualised and made accessible through heat mapping and the development of an online interactive evidence interface.ResultsThe systematic search for evidence identified a total of 2530 citations of which 88 met the full inclusion criteria. Results illustrate overall gaps and clusters of evidence. While the evidence map shows a positive shift away from information dissemination towards approaches that use more interactive learner-centred pedagogies, including supervision and peer learning, this was not seen across all areas of global health. Areas of neglect remain; no studies of trauma, disability, nutrition or mental health that use information dissemination, peer learning or supervision for training CHWs in LMICs were found.ConclusionThe evidence map shows significant gaps in the use of mobile technologies for training, particularly in the currently neglected areas of global health. Significant work will be needed to improve the evidence-base, including assessing the quality of mobile-based training programmes.
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Ndemewah, Sinclear R., Kevin Menges, and Martin R. W. Hiebl. "Management accounting research on farms: what is known and what needs knowing?" Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 15, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 58–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-05-2018-0044.
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PurposeIt is difficult to develop an overall picture of the practice of management accounting (MA) in farms and farm enterprises (FEs) because little research has been published on the topic, and these studies are mostly discrete and unconnected to the others. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the available research, develop an explanatory framework for MA practices in farming entities and identify some major avenues for future research on the topic.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses systematic literature review methods. After an extensive database search and an examination of references/citations, 41 empirical journal articles published between 1964 and 2016 are identified, described and analyzed in this research paper.FindingsThe findings reveal that the practice of MA in farms is subject to information problems and that the empirical research on this topic largely lacks a theoretical explanation. Therefore, the explanatory framework of MA practices in farming entities reveals that these practices are subject to influencing factors such as familism, government farm policies, market competition, technological changes, the seasons and the weather/climate.Research limitations/implicationsThe overall limited findings on the practice of MA in FEs indicate that caution should be taken when generalizing the current knowledge on the use of MA practices in other organizational forms to farming entities. Moreover, future research should draw on explicit theories to explain empirical results.Originality/valueThis paper is the first comprehensive literature review of studies on MA practices in farms and FEs.
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Sperka, Leigh, and Eimear Enright. "The outsourcing of health and physical education." European Physical Education Review 24, no. 3 (April 5, 2017): 349–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x17699430.
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The outsourcing, or external provision, of Health and Physical Education (HPE) has only relatively recently become the focus of research. This critical scoping review of empirical work on outsourcing in HPE seeks to examine the extent, nature, and range of research that has been undertaken and provide a context for future scholarly inquiry. Literature was sourced from two educational databases, a manual search of five HPE journals, and searches of citations and references. A content analysis of the 31 empirical articles retrieved was undertaken to identify country of origin, study focus, participants recruited, subject and school level researched, study length, data sources, nature of analysis, and theoretical framework. This was followed by a critical analysis of the findings of each empirical study to identify knowledge gaps regarding the outsourcing of HPE. This process revealed that outsourcing varied from being an explicit research focus to becoming of interest as a result of the findings of the study. Nonetheless, there was consistency across all publications in the selection of primary schools as data collection contexts and the recruitment of either school staff or external agency employees as research participants. Thematic analysis of the findings of the articles resulted in three dominant themes: ‘curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment’, ‘expertise’, and ‘partnerships’. Overall, this critical scoping review highlighted that it is crucial that outsourcing continues to be a focus of inquiry for the field and that both balance and depth is sought in the research design of studies that are undertaken.
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Grundy, Quinn, Anna Millington, Cliodna Cussen, Fabian Held, and Craig M. Dale. "Promotion or education: a content analysis of industry-authored oral health educational materials targeted at acute care nurses." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (November 2020): e040541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040541.
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ObjectivesTo assess the nature, quality and independence of scientific evidence provided in support of claims in industry-authored educational materials in oral health.DesignA content analysis of educational materials authored by the four major multinational oral health product manufacturers.SettingAcute care settings.Participants68 documents focused on oral health or oral care, targeted at acute care clinicians and identified as ‘educational’ on companies’ international websites.Main outcome measuresData were extracted in duplicate for three areas of focus: (a) products referenced in the documents, (b) product-related claims and (c) citations substantiating claims. We assessed claim–citation pairs to determine if information in the citation supported the claim. We analysed the inter-relationships among cited authors and companies using social network analysis.ResultsDocuments ranged from training videos to posters to brochures to continuing education courses. The majority of educational materials explicitly mentioned a product (59/68, 87%), a branded product (35/68, 51%), and made a product-related claim (55/68, 81%). Among claims accompanied by a citation, citations did not support the majority (91/147, 62%) of claims, largely because citations were unrelated. References used to support claims most often represented lower levels of evidence: only 9% were systematic reviews (7/76) and 13% were randomised controlled trials (10/76). We found a network of 20 authors to account for 37% (n=77/206) of all references in claim–citation pairs; 60% (12/20) of the top 20 cited authors received financial support from one of the four sampled manufacturers.ConclusionsResources to support clinicians’ ongoing education are scarce. However, caution should be exercised when relying on industry-authored materials to support continuing education for oral health. Evidence of sponsorship bias and reliance on key opinion leaders suggests that industry-authored educational materials have promotional intent and should be regulated as such.
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Milojević, Staša. "Towards a More Realistic Citation Model: The Key Role of Research Team Sizes." Entropy 22, no. 8 (August 10, 2020): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22080875.
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We propose a new citation model which builds on the existing models that explicitly or implicitly include “direct” and “indirect” (learning about a cited paper’s existence from references in another paper) citation mechanisms. Our model departs from the usual, unrealistic assumption of uniform probability of direct citation, in which initial differences in citation arise purely randomly. Instead, we demonstrate that a two-mechanism model in which the probability of direct citation is proportional to the number of authors on a paper (team size) is able to reproduce the empirical citation distributions of articles published in the field of astronomy remarkably well, and at different points in time. Interpretation of our model is that the intrinsic citation capacity, and hence the initial visibility of a paper, will be enhanced when more people are intimately familiar with some work, favoring papers from larger teams. While the intrinsic citation capacity cannot depend only on the team size, our model demonstrates that it must be to some degree correlated with it, and distributed in a similar way, i.e., having a power-law tail. Consequently, our team-size model qualitatively explains the existence of a correlation between the number of citations and the number of authors on a paper.
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Färber, Michael, and Adam Jatowt. "Citation recommendation: approaches and datasets." International Journal on Digital Libraries 21, no. 4 (August 11, 2020): 375–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00799-020-00288-2.
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Abstract Citation recommendation describes the task of recommending citations for a given text. Due to the overload of published scientific works in recent years on the one hand, and the need to cite the most appropriate publications when writing scientific texts on the other hand, citation recommendation has emerged as an important research topic. In recent years, several approaches and evaluation data sets have been presented. However, to the best of our knowledge, no literature survey has been conducted explicitly on citation recommendation. In this article, we give a thorough introduction to automatic citation recommendation research. We then present an overview of the approaches and data sets for citation recommendation and identify differences and commonalities using various dimensions. Last but not least, we shed light on the evaluation methods and outline general challenges in the evaluation and how to meet them. We restrict ourselves to citation recommendation for scientific publications, as this document type has been studied the most in this area. However, many of the observations and discussions included in this survey are also applicable to other types of text, such as news articles and encyclopedic articles.
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Yadin-Israel, Azzan. "Contact Without Borrowing." Journal of Ancient Judaism 9, no. 2 (May 19, 2018): 230–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/21967954-00902006.
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The field of contact linguistics has produced valuable insights into the ways languages behave in contact environments, and the present essay represents an attempt to adapt a number of these insights to the study of cultural contact more broadly. The historical phenomenon under discussion is a theological strand shared by rabbinic and late antique Platonist sources, namely, the attempt to formulate a theory of sacrifice that does not entail an anthropomorphic conception of (the highest) God. After adducing some of the key sources that represent this attempt in the respective traditions, the essay examines how best to conceptualize such similarity, absent shared terminology, explicit cross-tradition citations or references, or any other traditional markers of “influence.” Here I employ the contact-linguistic category of areal diffusion, that describes the tendency of languages in contact over time to gradually adopt common features, even though it is not possible to determine which language “borrowed” from the other. Taking the theological critique of sacrifice as the cultural analogue to a linguistic feature, it is possible to see how the feature is evident in certain streams within rabbinic Judaism, platonic Paganism, and early Christianity. The essay then turns to examine some of the ramifications of a contact-linguistic approach and, drawing on the work of Salikoko Mufwene, puts forth two arguments: that the distinction between internally- and externally-induced change is both theoretically and analytically inadequate; and the need to examine cultural continuity no less than cultural change as the result of contact dynamics.
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Donato, Claudia, Paolo Lo Giudice, Roberta Marretta, Domenico Ursino, and Luca Virgili. "A well-tailored centrality measure for evaluating patents and their citations." Journal of Documentation 75, no. 4 (July 8, 2019): 750–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-10-2018-0168.
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Purpose The development of innovations in all the research and development (R&D) fields is leading to a huge increase of patent data. Therefore, it is reasonable to foresee that, in the next future, Big Data-centered techniques will be compulsory to fully exploit the potential of this kind of data. In this context, network analysis-based approaches are extremely promising. The purpose of this paper is to provide a contribution to this setting. In fact, the authors propose a well-tailored centrality measure for evaluating patents and their citations. Design/methodology/approach The authors preliminarily introduce a suitable support directed network representing patents and their citations. After this, the authors present the centrality measures, namely, “Naive Patent Degree” and “Refined Patent Degree.’” Then, the authors show why they are well tailored to capture the specificities of the patent scenario and why classical centrality measure fails to fully reach this purpose. Findings The authors present three possible applications of the measures, namely: the computation of a patent “scope” allowing the evaluation of the width and the strength of the influence of a patent on a given R&D field; the computation of a patent lifecycle; and the detection of the so-called “power patents,” i.e., the most relevant patents, and the investigation of the importance, for a patent, to be cited by a power patent. Originality/value None of the approaches proposing the application of centrality measures to patent citation networks consider the main peculiarity of this scenario, i.e., that, if a patent pi cites a patent pj, then the value of pi decreases. So, differently from classical scientific paper citation scenario, in this one performing a citation has a cost for the citing entity. This fact is not considered by all the approaches conceived to investigate paper citations. Nevertheless, this feature represents the core of patent citation scenario. The approach has been explicitly conceived to capture this feature.
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Sari, Inda Puspita, Tiya Handayani, and Rika Berlista. "Perbandingan Nilai Moral Novel Ananta Prahadi dan Ivanna Van Dijk Karya Risa Saraswati." Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra dan Pengajaran (KIBASP) 3, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/kibasp.v3i1.866.
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This study aims to describe the comparison of moral values in the novel Ivanna Van Dijk by RisaSaraswati with the moral values of the novel AnantaPrahadi by RisaSaraswati. The research method uses descriptive qualitative method. The data in this study were obtained by reading, recording and concluding techniques. After the data is collected, data reduction is then performed. The selected data are then classified for further analysis of similarities and differences to be compared until the conclusion of the research results. The results of this study indicate that there are differences and similarities in the moral values of human relations with oneself, human relations with humans, and human relations with God. Comparison of the moral values of the two novels from the aspect of moral values there are differences. In the novel AnantaPrahadi by RisaSaraswati the moral values of human relations with oneself are 19 quotations, human relationships with humans there are 50 quotations, human relationships with God are 8, and the total of these quotations is 149 quotations. Whereas in Ivanna Van Dijk's novel the moral value of human relations with oneself is 26 quotations, human relationships with humans there are 49 quotations, human relationships with God there are 3 quotations, and the total of these quotations is 105 quotations. Conclusion, the comparison of moral values in the two novels is on the number of citations, while the equation lies in the form of quotations of moral values, which dominates the moral values of relationships with others. In addition, the form of expressing the moral values of the two novels is slightly different, namely the implied and explicit meaning.
Keywords: Comparison, Novel, Moral Value