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Journal articles on the topic 'Exploding Foil Initiator (EFI)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Borman, A. J., C. F. Dowding, and D. Seddon. "Modeling of the exploding foil initiator and related circuitry for the variable mode of operation." Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology 17, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1548512919844332.

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Analytical and numerical models, validated against published data, were developed to calculate the velocity and time of arrival duration (ToAD) of the flyer-plasma material at the top of the barrel of an exploding foil initiator (EFI), as commonly used in explosive devices. Such tools will aid system designers in the optimization of capacitor discharge circuit (CDC) or EFI bridge material properties. The analytical elements of the approach developed support the requirement for the consideration of mass ejection variation with respect to initial capacitor voltage. The numerical elements of the approach developed demonstrate that EFI design alteration to increase flyer mass is less effective in reducing ToAD than supply voltage modulation via the CDC. This finding is of particular relevance for in situ control of functional performance characteristics. This work goes on to demonstrate that such control is impracticable when using hexanitrostilbene, since the initial capacitor voltages necessary to yield appropriate ToAD for deflagration deliver insufficient energy to instigate a response from the EFI.

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2

Yu, Hyeonju, Seung-gyo Jang, Kyu-Hyoung Kim, and Jai-ick Yoh. "An Experimental Study on Performance of a Miniaturized Exploding Foil Initiator using VISAR." Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 21, no. 5 (October 1, 2017): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2017.21.5.080.

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3

Borman, Alexander J., Colin F. Dowding, Jonathan D. Griffiths, and Dick Seddon. "Exploding Foil Initiator (EFI) Modes of Operation Determined Using Down-Barrel Flyer Layer Velocity Measurement." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 42, no. 3 (October 24, 2016): 318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.201600195.

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4

Baginski, Thomas A., Robert N. Dean, and Ed J. Wild. "A Micromachined Robust Planar Triggered Sparkgap Switch for High Power Pulse Applications." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2010, DPC (January 1, 2010): 001869–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2010dpc-wp24.

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High voltage (HV) switches capable of operating at high speeds with high current levels are used in a variety of applications in commercial and government systems. Examples of HV switches include triggered sparkgap, dielectric breakdown, and mercury vapor switches. The triggered sparkgap switch is a three-element, gas-filled, ceramic-to-metal, hermetically sealed, pressurized switch that operates in an arc discharge mode. Triggered sparkgaps have been in use for many years, providing precision timing and activation of in-flight functions such as missile stage separation. These applications involve the activation of electro-explosive devices such as an exploding bridge-wire [EBW] or an exploding foil initiator [EFI]. This paper discusses the fabrication and characterization of a novel high voltage planar discharge switch using micromachining techniques. The switch provides a low cost alternative to conventional triggered sparkgaps. The switch is designed for direct integration into the strip-line geometries used in a conventional capacitive discharge unit (CDU). The geometry of the device was selected to minimize parasitic impedances associated with conventional firing circuits. The switch design is microfabricated on an alumina substrate utilizing a patterned electron-beam deposited metallic stack. A polyimide layer selectively deposited over the metal stack provides dielectric isolation and passivation for the switch electrodes. A similar methodology was utilized to fabricate sample EFIs for switch validation tests with insensitive secondary high explosive (HE) pellets. The discharging of the HV capacitor through the patterened bridgefoil of an EFI results in rapid vaporization of the metal stack. The high pressure gas formed by the vaporized metal accelerates the adjacent polyimide layer to high velocity. The polyimde layer then impacts the HE pellet, inducing a shock wave, which results in prompt detonation of the material. Thus, this device is a type of MEMS actuator with a very specialized use. Design, fabrication and test data are presented and discussed.

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5

Chen, Qingchou, Tao Ma, and Yong Li. "Sensitivity Prediction of Exploding Foil Initiator." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 44, no. 4 (January 23, 2019): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.201800210.

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6

Lv, Jun Jun, Qing Xuan Zeng, Ming Yu Li, and Qing Xia Yu. "Key Fabrication Technology Research of Exploding Foil Initiator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 1207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.1207.

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In order to realize consistency and low cost in the production process of the exploding foil initiator, the manufacturing method of exploding foil initiator was studied using micro processing technology. Microcrystalline glass was used as substrate, and magnetron sputtering,photolithography and wet etching technology were utilized to product the metal bridge foil on the surface of the substrate. SU-8 photoresist was used as the barrel material and scanning electron microscope was exploited to characterize structure of the initiator. Through the electrical tests, the flyer was successfully generated and after the barrel had a good integrity.

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7

Wang, Ke, Peng Zhu, Cong Xu, Qiu Zhang, Zhi Yang, and Ruiqi Shen. "Firing Performance of Microchip Exploding Foil Initiator Triggered by Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Controlled Thyristor." Micromachines 11, no. 6 (May 29, 2020): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11060550.

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In this paper, microchip exploding foil initiators were fabricated by micro-electro-mechanical system scale fabrication methods, such as magnetron sputtering, photolithography, and chemical vapor deposition. A small-scale capacitor discharge unit based on the metal-oxide-semiconductor controlled thyristor was designed and produced to study the performance of the microchip exploding foil initiator. The discharge performance of the capacitor discharge unit without load and the effect of protection devices on the metal-oxide-semiconductor controlled thyristor were studied by the short-circuit discharge test. Then, the electric explosion characteristic of the microchip exploding foil initiator was also conducted to study the circuit current, peak power, deposited energy, and other parameters. Hexanitrostilbene refined by ball-milling and microfluidic technology was adopted to verify the initiation capability of the microchip exploding foil initiator triggered by the metal-oxide-semiconductor controlled thyristor. The results showed that the average inductance and resistance of the capacitor discharge circuit were 22.07 nH and 72.55 mΩ, respectively. The circuit peak current reached 1.96 kA with a rise time of 143.96 ns at 1200 V/0.22 μF. Hexanitrostilbene fabricated by ball-milling and microfluidic technology was successfully initiated at 1200 V/0.22 μF and 1100 V/0.22 μF, respectively.

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8

Kim, Dong-seong, and Seung-gyo Jang. "Study on Aging Characteristics of Exploding Foil Initiator." Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 48, no. 8 (August 31, 2020): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2020.48.8.581.

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9

Lee, Minwoo, Seungjun Back, Youngkap Son, and Seung-gyo Jang. "Design Reliability Estimation of Low Energy Exploding Foil Initiator." Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 22, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2018.22.5.040.

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10

Zhou, Xiang, Ruiqi Shen, Yinghua Ye, Peng Zhu, Yan Hu, and Lizhi Wu. "Influence of Al/CuO reactive multilayer films additives on exploding foil initiator." Journal of Applied Physics 110, no. 9 (November 2011): 094505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3658617.

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11

Chen, Qingchou, Yong Li, and Tao Ma. "Characterization of the super-short shock pulse generated by an exploding foil initiator." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 286 (February 2019): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2018.12.018.

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12

Willey, T. M., K. Champley, R. Hodgin, L. Lauderbach, M. Bagge-Hansen, C. May, N. Sanchez, B. J. Jensen, A. Iverson, and T. van Buuren. "X-ray imaging and 3D reconstruction of in-flight exploding foil initiator flyers." Journal of Applied Physics 119, no. 23 (June 21, 2016): 235901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4953681.

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13

Xu, Cong, Peng Zhu, Wei Zhang, Ruiqi Shen, and Yinghua Ye. "A Plasma Switch Induced by Electroexplosion of p-n Junction for Mini Exploding Foil Initiator." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 47, no. 5 (May 2019): 2710–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2019.2907055.

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14

Zhu, Peng, Kai Chen, Cong Xu, Shuangfei Zhao, Ruiqi Shen, and Yinghua Ye. "Development of a monolithic micro chip exploding foil initiator based on low temperature co-fired ceramic." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 276 (June 2018): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2018.04.032.

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15

Yu, Hyeonju, Bohoon Kim, Seung-gyo Jang, Kyu-Hyoung Kim, and Jack J. Yoh. "Performance characterization of a miniaturized exploding foil initiator via modified VISAR interferometer and shock wave analysis." Journal of Applied Physics 121, no. 21 (June 7, 2017): 215901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4984753.

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16

Xu, Cong, Peng Zhu, Kai Chen, Wei Zhang, Ruiqi Shen, and Yinghua Ye. "A Highly Integrated Conjoined Single Shot Switch and Exploding Foil Initiator Chip Based on MEMS Technology." IEEE Electron Device Letters 38, no. 11 (November 2017): 1610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/led.2017.2752749.

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17

Zhang, Qiu, Cong Xu, Peng Zhu, Guili Yang, Zhi Yang, and Ruiqi Shen. "Planar Trigger Switch and Its Integrated Chip With Exploding Foil Initiator Based on Low-Temperature Cofired Ceramic." IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 35, no. 3 (March 2020): 2908–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpel.2019.2924801.

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18

Li, Jiao, Qingjie Jiao, Enyi Chu, Jianhua Chen, Wei Ren, Kewei Li, Honghai Tong, Guofu Yin, Yin Wang, and Mi zhou. "Design, fabrication, and characterization of the modular integrated exploding foil initiator system based on low temperature co-fired ceramic technology." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 315 (November 2020): 112365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2020.112365.

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19

Yang, Zhi, Peng Zhu, Qing-yun Chu, Qiu Zhang, Ke Wang, Hao-tian Jian, and Rui-qi Shen. "A micro-chip exploding foil initiator based on printed circuit board technology." Defence Technology, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2021.06.008.

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