Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Exploitation à ciel ouvert'
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Ngot, Kongolo Joseph Christian. "Stabilité des gradins des exploitations à ciel ouvert : approche statistique mécanique et probabiliste." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL050N.
Full textGauvry, Yoann. "L' exploitation minérale à la protohistoire ancienne dans la moitié nord de l'Europe : émergence d'un art mineur." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010568.
Full textLa, Croix André. "Exploitations minières à ciel ouvert assistées par ordinateur : aide à la planification et au contrôle d'exploitation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL098N.
Full textChambure, Laurent de. "Apport des techniques d'optimisation et de conception assistée par ordinateur à la planification des exploitations à ciel ouvert." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603768n.
Full textChambure, Laurent de. "Apport des techniques d'optimisation et de conception assistee par ordinateur a la planification des exploitations a ciel ouvert." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0069.
Full textPorokhovoï, Evgueni. "Stabilité à long terme des talus de mines à ciel ouvert dans les massifs de roches basiques et ultrabasiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529344.
Full textAmoushahi, Sina. "Slope stability analysis of the west wall of LAB chrysotile mine in the vicinity of Road 112." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26410.
Full textMining slopes in the vicinity of public roads must be considered during the road design process. Several open-pit mines are currently in development in Quebec and some of them are located close to national highways. This M.Sc. thesis provides a review of the literature on some current practices around the world regarding mining slope design close to public infrastructures. It then investigates the stability of the west wall of the LAB Chrysotile open-pit mine in Thetford Mines (Quebec) in the vicinity of the new Road 112 location. The field work performed at the site is described. Deterministic and probabilistic analyses are conducted using finite element shear strength reduction (FE-SSR) and limit equilibrium (LE) methods. The impact of pit infilling and rapid dewatering, as well as long-term stability of the slope are also investigated. The results of all analyses reveal that the current mining slopes are within acceptable design criteria limits.
Ngoma, Bolusala Christian. "Contribution à l'optimisation géotechnique et économique des fosses minières." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29629/29629.pdf.
Full textLaflamme, Amélie-Julie. "Analyse intégrée de la stabilité des pentes de la fosse portage du projet minier Meadowbank." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27358/27358.pdf.
Full textLorilleux, Guillaume. "Les brèches associées aux gisements d'uranium de type discordance du bassin Athabasca (Saskatchewan, Canada)." Nancy 1, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2001_LORILLEUX_G.pdf.
Full textUnconformity-type uranium deposits in the Athabasca Basin (Canada) are commonly hosted and surrounded by breccia bodies in quartzose sandstones. In order to understand the mechanisms of breccia formation and the ir significance for the genesis of uranium deposits, the breccias associated with U mineralizations of the Shea Creek prospect and Sue C open pit, and with the Y-REEU mineralization of the Maw Zone were studied. Structural mapping and 3D modeling evidence the control of breccia geometries by reverse faults that are graphite-rich in the basement. The study of mineral paragenesis and calculations of U-Pb chemical ages at Shea Creek reveal 3 breccia phases with sudoite-dravite, Fe-chlorite and hematite-siderite cements. These breccias developed over more than 1 Ga respectively during 3 stages of tectonic reactivations and/or basin uplift main! y between 1. 52 and 1. 25 Ga during the main event of primary uranium deposition and at about 900 and 350 Ma during phases of uranium remobilization. The breccias coeval with the genesis of the primary mineralization developed in 3 stages characterized by fractal analysis of fragment shapes expressing their degree ofmaturity. The first stage of breccia formation has been triggered by a reactivation of graphite-rich reverse faults inducing localized tectonic fracturing in the core offaults and widespread hydraulic fracturing in early silicified zones. The second stage corresponds to quartz dissolution due to the vertical circulation of a basement t1uid undersaturated relative to silica in fractured sandstones. Calculated minimum t1uid/rock ratios are very high with values of3,000 at the Maw Zone and 38,000 in the Sue « zones à boules» ret1ecting the decrease of dissolution intensity with the increase of distance to the unconformity. The minimum volume of basement t1uids that have circulated through the breccias is about 1 km3 • Mass balance calculations show an input of U, V, Mg, B, Al, K, Bi, Ni, Co, Mo, As, S, W, Zn, Y and REE, in accordance with the new formation of illite, Mg-rich sudoite and dravite and with the polymetallic sandstone-hosted mineralization. The third stage is expressed by gravity-driven collapse phenomenons resulting from the cavities created by quartz dissolution. In « zones à boules » developed in the core of faults, it is the tectonic contraction that progressively closed the open spaces formed by quartz dissolution. Volume Joss values reach 90 % in zones of intense dissolution close to the unconformity. In steeply dipping fault zones, collapse propagated up to more than 250 rn above the unconformity as observed at the Maw Zone, like in a karst. Uranium deposition induced by mixing of the reducing basement fluid undersaturated relative to quartz (> 250°C) with diagenetic oxidizing basin fluids (< 240°C) occurred during about severa! million years, simultaneously with quartz dissolution providing the space needed to form the massive mineralizations
Caudal, Philippe. "Suivi et analyse d'un glissement actif : mur est de la mine LAB Chrysotile à Thetford Mines." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26369.
Full textSchleifer, Jacques. "Traitement de l'information et des connaissances dans la planification des mines à ciel ouvert." Paris, ENMP, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ENMP0139.
Full textDelille, Florent. "Recherche d'une prédiction de fragmentation charge par charge pour les tirs à ciel ouvert." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00798090.
Full textSchleifer, Jacques. "Traitement de l'information et des connaissances dans la planification des mines à ciel ouvert." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601075h.
Full textOuld, Ali Ouiza. "Impact des décharges à ciel ouvert sur la qualité environnementale de l'Oued Cheliff (Algérie)." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0025/document.
Full textIn the region crossed by the largest permanent watercourse of Algeria Oued Cheliff, household waste is frequently put in open dumps, constituting a real environmental threat because of the contamination caused by the leachates. Two landfills were taken for the case study: the first located on Oued Hillil, a secondary tributary of Oued Chéliff and the second located on Oued Cheliff.Seasonal sampling of water and sediment has been conducted in streams. In the landfill, leachates and soils were also collected. The impact of landfills was assessed by analyzing physico-chemical parameters in liquids and metals in all compartments (water, leachate, soils and sediments). The analysis of fluorescent tracers in all compartments is used for monitoring urban pollution.This study has highlighted the important seasonal effect of the impact of landfills on rivers. In the spring, leachates present high levels of fluorescent tracers, Cr, Co, Mn, Ni from large deposits of green waste. In autumn, they reflected rather NO2-, SO42-, PO43-, Fe, Cu, Cr contamination from residues of agricultural products (fertilizer, phytosanitary treatments). The waters of both rivers are heavily loaded with Cl- and Sr in any season due to the saline nature of the soils of the region.The concentrations of metals in landfill soil are much higher than those of river sediments and reveal a high metallic contamination (Cd, As, Zn, Cr, Pb), reflecting the impact of urban waste (batteries, batteries, plastics ...)
Perri, Pascal. "Du monopole pur et dur aux compagnies low cost : quand le ciel s'est ouvert." Perpignan, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PERP0810.
Full textAFTER 80 YEARS OF REGULATION AIR CIVIL TRANSPORTATION HAS COME TO THE AIRLINE DEREGULATION ACT VOTED 1978 BY AMERICAN CONGRES. SINCE 1971 FOR THE UNITED STATES AND 1985 FOR EUROPE A NEW ECONOMLIC MODEL HAS OVERCOME DOMESTIC MARKETS. IN France RYANAIR SUPPORT THE LOCAL DEVELOPPEMENT OF UNDERDEVELOPPED TERRITORIES
Alonso, Garcia Julian. "Modelisation geometrique et geomecanique de mines a ciel ouvert avec pistes. Developpement du logiciel degres." Paris, ENMP, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ENMP0331.
Full textNaceur, Moheddine. "Modélisation informatique de systèmes d'exploitation et de transport en continu dans les mines à ciel ouvert." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL052N.
Full textProcopio, Pietro. "Foreground implications in the scientific exploitation of CMB data." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077252.
Full textThe first part of my thesis work focus on the CMB photon distribution function. I show the implementations and the updating phases characterizing a numerical integration code (KYPRIX) for the solution of the Kompaneets equation in cosmological context. Physical implementations were also performed: the introduction of the cosmological constant; the choice of the primordial chemical abundances of H and He is now possible; the ionization fractions for the species involved have been introduced; it was created an optional interface that links KYPRIX with codes, like RECFAST, in order to calculate a recombination history of the ionization fraction of H and He. Ail of the physical implementations contributed to perform more realistic simulation of the spectral distortion of the CMB. During my second stage at APC I performed several tests on the Planck Sky Model. The tests involved the latest two release of Galactic emission model, the Galactic foreground template derived by WMAP data and a clean CMB anisotropy map. The last release of the PSM total intensity prediction of the Galactic processes showed results consistent with the previous ones for almost ail the frequencies tested, while it still needs some tuning at 23 GHz, where synchrotron emission and free-free emission are more prominent. I started using SMICA (component separation techniques) during my first stage at APC, in 2007. 1 used SMICA, and another filter (FFT filter) I developed, for a reprocessing of the IRIS mapset. A FFT filter was developed for this purpose and I used the filter only on localized regions, not on the full-sky maps. The dramatic improvements obtained on the IRIS maps are clearly visible just by eye
GOUIA, BECHIR. "Analyse de la stabilite de talus. Application a la mine a ciel ouvert de nefta-tozeur (tunisie)." Paris, ENMP, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ENMP0206.
Full textKarimi, Nasab Saeed. "Stabilité de talus rocheux en zone sismique dans un porphyre cuprifère mine de Sar Cheshmeh (Iran)." Paris, ENMP, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENMP0742.
Full textAfilaka, Johnson O. "Analyse de la stabilité des talus en mines à ciel ouvert approche probabiliste : application à la mine de Carmaux /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611192k.
Full textAfilaka, Johnson O. "Analyse de la stabilite des talus en mines a ciel ouvert : approche probabiliste, application a la mine de carmaux." Paris, ENMP, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ENMP0092.
Full textPorokhovoi, Eugueni. "Stabilité à long terme des talus de mines à ciel ouvert dans les massifs de roches basiques et ultabasiques." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1995. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529344.
Full textAuger, Geneviève. "Étude et programmation de l'algorithme du flot maximum appliqué aux problèmes de contours ultimes dans une mine à ciel ouvert." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ60881.pdf.
Full textBourgine, Bernard. "Modélisation de la politique d'exploitation et dimensionnement des équipements miniers dans le cadre de simulations d'exploitations minières à ciel ouvert." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37596356z.
Full textFleurisson, Jean-Alain. "Interaction massif rocheux-énergie explosive et stabilité de fronts de taille mise à ciel ouvert de Ben Guerir-OCP (Maroc) /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376051016.
Full textBilodeau, Clément. "Hydrogeologie du massif rocheux au Sud de la mine à ciel ouvert no 6, près de Bathurst au Nouveau-Brunswick /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1993. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textFleurisson, Jean-Alain. "Interaction massif rocheux-énergie explosive et stabilité des fronts de taille-mine à ciel ouvert de Ben Guerir-OCP (Maroc)." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0076.
Full textBourgine, Bernard. "Modelisation de la politique d'exploitation et dimensionnement des equipements miniers dans le cadre de simulations d'exploitations minieres a ciel ouvert." Paris, ENMP, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ENMP0013.
Full textLeblanc, Jonathan. "Analyse du potentiel tsunamigénique des glissements de terrain possibles dans une ancienne mine à ciel ouvert à Black Lake, Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34413.
Full textAs part of a research project entrusted by the Quebec Ministry of Transports consisting in a preliminary analysis of landslides induced by the mining operations and their potential consequences on the road and urban infrastructures of Black Lake, this Master’s project analyses the tsunamigenic potential of the east wall landslides of the abandoned mine LAB d’Amiante du Canada following the eventual reflooding of the open pit. In order to achieve this, the GeoClaw software, based on the Barré-de-Saint-Venant shallow water equations, has been used to model the tsunami formation. Given the fact that a landslide-generated tsunami could only happen in several years in Black Lake, the model was first validated by applying it to a recent case that occurred in 2014 at Lac-des-Seize-Îles in Quebec. Tsunami generation is not only a function of the affected water basin, but also of the volume and the displacement velocity of the mobilised mass. These parameters have been pre-determined before proceeding with the tsunamigenic potential analysis of possible landslides along the east wall. Given the inherent uncertainties associated with this kind of prospective analysis, the generation, propagation and flood modeling has been completed with a parametric approach, using scenarios established from a stability and kinetic analysis , and using a digital elevation model built from LiDAR surveys as input parameters. Furthermore, the effect of pit flooding induced by the mine shutdown has also been evaluated for the landslide scenarios. This work allowed identifying the minimal water level required in the open pit at which the road and urban infrastructures would be affected by the inundation and thus allowed estimating the potential consequences if a sudden acceleration of the landslide occurs and if a tsunami is generated. The main results show that if a landslide were to occur, three different landslide scenarios would be potentially more problematic in terms of inundation of the infrastructures. The main road infrastructure (i. e. Highway 112) would be potentially affected, with varying severity depending on the water level of the lake and the mobilization velocities of the landslides, while the urban infrastructure located in the Black Lake area would remain unaffected. Finally, this analysis has demonstrated the interest to extend the application of this method to other recent and historic landslide-induced tsunami cases in Quebec.
Toha, Taufik. "Analyse de la stabilité des talus dans les mines à ciel ouvert : application à la mine de charbon de Bukit Asam (Indonésie)." Paris, ENMP, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENMPA001.
Full textTanays, Eric. "Approche algorithmique des conceptions geometriques et geotechniques de mines a ciel ouvert : application a la mine de carmaux (u.e. tarn, h.b.c.m., cdf)." Paris, ENMP, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENMP0142.
Full textBOINIER, FRANCOISE. "Analyse des vibrations liees aux tirs de la mine a ciel ouvert de decazeville (houilleres de bassin du centre et du midi)." Paris, ENMP, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENMP0151.
Full textCaumartin, Richard. "Rétro-analyse de l'instabilité d'une pente dans une mine à ciel ouvert assistée de la modélisation numérique utilisant la méthode des éléments distincts." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24346/24346.pdf.
Full textCaumartin, Richard. "Rétro-analyse de l'instabilité d'une pente dans une mine à ciel ouvert assistée de la modélisation numérique utilisant la méthode des éléments distincts." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19939.
Full textNguyen, Anh Tuan. "Influence des incertitudes géométriques et de la méthode de modélisation dans l'analyse de stabilité des talus rocheux : application aux mines à ciel ouvert." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0296/document.
Full textThe stability of open-cast operations (mines or quarries), excavated in rock mass depends on their geometry, the geometrical characteristics of the rock mass fractures (orientation and spacing) and the mechanical characteristics of the rock mass and the discontinuities. The assessment of the rock instability risk depends on the quantity and quality of the available information on the rock mass and the analysis methods used for the evaluation of the mechanical behavior of the rock block collection. Different sites of natural rock slopes, of road cuts, and of open-cast mines and quarries, described in the present document, show that the known information can vary a lot from one site to the other. The steps of data gathering and analysis, then the modelling step used to analyze the stability of the rock slope, lead to uncertainties. The present work deals in particular with the influence of the geometrical uncertainties, and the different clustering methods, to define families of fractures, are examined. The combination of works suggested by several authors leads to a new method called PSMY. This method, together with the spectral method, was coded in the Mathematica platform, and the obtained results are compared with "hand-made" clusters, done with the DIPS software. The clustering methods are presented according to the ratio of classified orientations. The orientation and spacing of fracture families are fitted by statistical law. The statistical parameters are compared according to the clustering method used. These parameters have an influence on the construction of the rock mass geometrical model, called DFN (Discrete Fracture Network). The influence of the clusters on the stability analysis is studied from the stochastic models based on the limit equilibrium analysis, in the SWEDGE and RESOBLOK software. These programs do not take into account the same uncertainties, and as a result, they give different stability indicators. A sensitivity analysis of these indicators (number of unstable blocks, average volume of unstable blocks, and total volume of unstable blocks) versus the clustering methods used, and the orientation of the slopes, is carried out. A variance analysis allows an evaluation of the influence of these factors. The assessment of the global stability condition of the rock mass, depending on the cohesion and the friction angle, is proposed. The influence of the modeling method is analyzed by comparing 3D calculations using the limit equilibrium calculations, and 2D and 3D models using discrete rigid and deformable blocks. A coupling between RESOBLOK (limit equilibrium) and LMGC90 (discrete elements) allows the comparison of results on the same original geometry. For the case of Ax-les-Thermes road-cut, and for various unstable geometries, the influence of the model parameters is tested. Several cases are compared. The 3D simulation of an excavation, at different steps, is performed, and the mobilization index is studied, in order to compare several types of contacts, within the LMGC model, in relation to the possible sliding of blocks, at those different steps
Curtil, Stéphane. "Stabilité de talus rocheux en structure compressive avec zones de cisaillement : mine de chrysotile de Cana Brava (Brésil)." Paris, ENMP, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENMP0620.
Full textVentura, Diaz Pablo. "Modélisation du talus nord est de la Fosse Sainte Marie : (H.B.C.M. Unité d'Exploitation Tarn, Mine de Carmaux." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL114N.
Full textThe slope stability is the critical problem in open cast mine design. At Carmaux open pit coal mine, situated in south-western France, exploted by HBCM, sorne pit zones present local sliding risks which have been increased by pit deepening. One of these risky zones is the slope situated on the northeastern side of Sainte-Marie open pit. Description of slope monitoring and control methods were done before modelling by the limit equilibrium method. Further modelling by the distincts elements method with UDEC twodimensional program was performed. Later, modelling results were compared to the instrumental mesuring values. Finally, additional excavation of the pit was simulated ta asses and determine slope stability behaviour in the case it is eventually done. Analysis results indicate global slope stability
Peloton, Julien. "Data analysis and scientific exploitation of the CMB B-modes experiment, POLARBEAR." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC154.
Full textOver the last two decades cosmology has been transformed from a data-starved to a data-driven, high precision science. N This transformation happened thanks to improved observational techniques, allowing to collect progressively bigger and more powerful data sets. Studies of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies have played, and continue on doing so, a particularly important and impactful role in this process. The huge data sets produced by recent CMB experiments pose new challenges for the field due to their volumes and complexity. Its successful resolution requires combining mathematical, statistical and computational methods aIl of which form a keystone of the modern CMB data analysis. In this thesis, I describe data analysis of the first data set produced by one of the most advanced, current CMB experiments, POLARBEAR and the major results it produced. The POLARBEAR experiment is a leading CMB B-mode polarization experiment aiming at detection and characterization of the so-called B-mode signature of the CMB polarization. This is one of the most exciting topics in the current CMB research, which only just has started yielding new insights onto cosmology in part thanks to the results discussed hereafter. In this thesis I describe first the modern cosmological model, focusing on the physics of the CMB, and in particular its polarization properties, and providing an overview of the past experiments and results. Subsequently, I present the POLARBEAR instrument, data analysis of its first year data set and the scientific results drawn from it, emphasizing my major contributions to the overall effort. In the last chapter, and in the context of the next generation CMB B-mode experiments, I present a more systematic study of the impact of the presence of the so-called E-to-B leakage on the performance forecasts of CMB B-modes experiments, by comparing several methods including the pure pseudospectrum method and the minimum variance quadratic estimator. In particular, I detail how the minimum variance quadratic estimator in the case of azimuthally symmetric patches can be used to estimate efficiently parameters, and I present an efficient implementation based on existing parallel algorithms for computing Spherical Harmonic Transforms
Puerta, Silva Claudia Patricia. "Les indiens wayúu et le projet minier du Cerrejón en Colombie : stratégies et politiques de reconnaissance et d'identité." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0391.
Full textThe Cerrejón mine is the world's biggest open-pit coal exploitation that came into being in the late 1970s due to an association between the Colombian State and an American multinational in the late 70s. The mine transformed the living conditions of a large number of communities. The Cerrejón is a geo-politico-e'conomic project of the multinationals and the State, and ont of Indians. Nevertheless, it has produced a relational space in which the Wayuu built discursive and paractical strategies towards an articulation with the project based on the construction of an identity politics in negotiation with politics of recognition, defined by the Multinational and the State. The politics of recognition and of identity are based essentially on arguments concerning territorial rights; recognition of ethnicity; the legitimation of leaders, and, finally, the autonomous definition of local aspirations within the framework of developmental politics
Malka, Pascale. "Etude en chambres à ciel ouvert des effets de doses sunécrotiques d'ozone et de dioxyde de soufre sur la croissance et le fonctionnement stomatique de Picea abies." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37615594b.
Full textHadadou, Rafik. "Contribution à la mise au point d'une méthodologie de contrôle de stabilité des talus d'une grande mine à ciel ouvert : application à la mine de Carmaux (Tarn)." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1993_HADADOU_R.pdf.
Full textMalka, Pascale. "Étude en chambres à ciel ouvert, des effets de doses subnécrotiques d'ozone et de dyoxide de soufre sur la croissance et le fonctionnement stomatique de Picea abies." Paris 12, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA120053.
Full textBenito, Llauradó Eulàlia. "Exploitation de la mesure de l’angle d’élévation à l’aide d’un radar HF 2D à ondes de ciel pour l’inversion de l’ionogramme de rétrodiffusion." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S090.
Full textAccuracy in target location by over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) can be improved when the propagation channel, the ionosphere, is known. Two inversion methods able to provide an electron density profile of the ionosphere from backscatter ionograms are presented in this document. These methods use the measurements realized by the radar during elevation scans. One difficulty when using measured data is the presence of outliers and, moreover, the lack of data for low elevation and for high elevation angle. The methods presented here tries to overcome these difficulties. At the end, the inversion provides parameters of an equivalent ionosphere that can be used to characterize the propagation and to convert group path into ground range
Galaup, Serge. "Étude des effets combinés de l'ozone et de la contrainte hydrique sur la productivité et le fonctionnement stomatique du haricot (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivé en chambres à ciel ouvert." Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120040.
Full textPoletti, Davide. "High fidelity maps of the CMB polarization from the first two campaigns of the POLARBEAR experiment and their statistical exploitation." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC274/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns the cosmic microwave background (CMB) map-making problem in the presence of filtering. The observations of the CMB kept refining our understanding of the universe over the past decades. The characterisation of its curl-like polarisation pattern - the so-called B-modes - is expected to convey invaluable information on both the primordial and the late universe as well as on fundamental physics.In order to extract these unique constraints from the faint B-mode signal, the quality and the size of CMB datasets have been constantly increasing, posing serious challenges for data analysis. The reconstruction of the map of the observed sky compresses by many orders of magnitude the data volume, white striving for preserving ail the cosmological information. In this process, the raw data are typically filtered in order to remove unwanted signais of instrumental or astrophysical origins. This thesis illustrates the formalism for performing general filtering operations and for incorporating them in the map-making procedure. The realistic circumstances under which this unbiased estimation of the sky signal can succeed are also investigated, both in general and in the specific context of ground-based experiments. This new formalism has been innplemented in a massively parallel map-making code, capable of producing high fidelity renditions of the sky as well as their detailed statistical characterisation. The methodology and the tool are then applied to the analysis of the first and second season data POLARBEAR, one of the leading experiments in the B-modes quest
Delgado, Vega José Manuel. "Apport des modèles géo-métallurgiques et de la catégorisation des ressources à la définition de la fosse ultime d'une mine à ciel ouvert : Application à la mine de cuivre de Mantos de la Luna au Chili." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00858806.
Full textGüneysu, Betil. "Les problèmes juridiques internationaux posés par l'exploitation des ressources naturelles : l'exemple de la bauxite." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR30006.
Full textBauxite and alumina are vital resources for underdeveloped economies. Bauxite is exploited by multinational entreprises. The position of the aluminium industry in the military complex, its contrat of the processus of exploitation of the mineral permitted multinational entreprises to dominate their relations with the governments. Inalienability of the souvereignty on natural resources confers to state contracts a public character. In no system of law are private interests permitted to prevail over duly established public interest making impossible actions required for public good
Rostan, Xavier. "La libéralisation de l'espace aérien." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010314.
Full textFollowing to the Chicago Meeting and to the adoption of the Convention on International Civil Aviation in 1944, States relations within air space evolved in a bilateral framework, which allowed States to exchange rights and freedoms of the air. Negotiations had to be balanced between protectionist and liberal vision. With this framework, States wove a real network of agreements which encouraged the increase of the traffic. In the term of 70's, United States of America chose to deregulate their sky, before trying to export this concept to the rest of the world, in particular by the renegotiation of existing agreements. Thus was born the movement of liberalization of airspace, which led to a real modification of the exchanges and of their basis, while allowing their evolution towards regionalism. If the European Union is a pioneer in this field, it has been imitated in different regions in which the States are trying to integrate their air policy or unify the exchange, through the conclusion of multilateral agreements. If relations between regions could be brought to develop, multilateralism is also for the study, and the issue of a comprehensive agreement which would lead States to share the same rights and freedoms currently arises. Moreover, multilateralism already allows States to agree on action to be led in certain domains, like in that of the environmental protection