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Journal articles on the topic 'Exploitation and Discrimination'
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Devika, O., and A. Chandra Bose. "EXCLUSION AND EXPLOITATION IN SHARANKUMAR LIMBALE’S THE OUTCASTE." ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts 5, no. 6 (2024): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i6.2024.1804.
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Sharankumar Limbale exposes the exclusions and exploitations of Dalits in his personal narrative, The Outcaste. As a Dalit, he witnessed the caste political system, the sufferings, mental agony, social exclusions, sexual exploitation, spiritual atrocities, macro and small level discriminations within the caste based Indian society. He narrates however Mahars are being inhumanly treated by the caste Hindus in his narrative. Dalits are accepting untouchable practices in several places. They are created to easily believe that discrimination is confirmed and conjointly to be obeyed. However, Limbale realizes that education is the drugs for all varieties of social diseases. When obtaining education, he came out of the clutches of that society and vivified the hurdles that he featured in his life as an Outcaste. This paper solely focuses on exclusions and exploitation at each levels of dalits’ life.
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Mulkh, Raj, and Virender Kumar Dubey Dr. "Status of Dalit Women's in India-A Need for Inclusive Efforts." Indian Journal of Modern Research and Reviews 2, no. 7 (2024): 58–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13712795.
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Dalits in India are at the lowest of the caste system. Dalit women are positioned at the bottom of India’s caste, class and gender hierarchies. They experience endemic gender and caste discrimination and violence as an outcome of severely imbalanced social, economic, and political power equations. Dalit women record that they are often subjected to indecent and inhuman treatment by non- Dalits. The Dalit woman is the uppermost victim of discrimination as she is a woman, she is a Dalit and she is poor. A high number of caste-related crimes occur against Dalit women. Dalit women faced a lot of problems in public as well as private sectors. While working as bonded laborers, they face unpleasant, immoral sexual comments, eve-teasing, sexual exploitation, and rape by the high castes. Dalit women are discriminated against not only by people of higher castes but also within their communities. In this paper, there will be a focus on the status of Dalit women in India. This paper is to study the situation of Dalit women - socially, culturally, economically, and politically. This discrimination and oppression have adversely affected the development process. And the worst hits are the Dalit women
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Sapto Budoyo. "THE URGENCY OF LEGAL PROTECTION TO THE WOMAN AND CHILDREN EXPLOITATION IN THE NEW BROADCASTER AND SOCIAL MEDIA." JOURNAL EQUITABLE 7, no. 2 (2022): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.37859/jeq.v7i2.4169.
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The Development of technology and social media have an impact on the women and children matters in a public sphere. Verbal violence against women and children being a crucial matters in a social media and broadcast platform, therefore legal protection is needed for woman and children against those actions. This research consist of two points there are the urgency of legal protection for woman and children in exploitation and discrimination in the broadcast and social media in Indonesia. This research using normative legal methods with analytical descriptive based on library research. The result of this research shows that the urgency of legal protection needed on woman and children’s exploitation and discrimination in broadcast and social media platform due to Indonesia has ratified CEDAW through Law Number7 of 1984 concerning on the ratification of CEDAW. The implementation of legal protection on the woman and children’s exploitation and discrimination in Indonesia’s social media and broadcast platform has not been optimal. This problem due to the gap between enforcement officers, and society’s role with the prevention and handling children and women’s exploitation and discrimination cases in social media and broadcast platform.
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Forbes, Mark R., André Morrill, and Jennifer Schellinck. "Host species exploitation and discrimination by animal parasites." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1719 (2017): 20160090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0090.
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Parasite species often show differential fitness on different host species. We developed an equation-based model to explore conditions favouring host species exploitation and discrimination. In our model, diploid infective stages randomly encountered hosts of two species; the parasite's relative fitness in exploiting each host species, and its ability to discriminate between them, was determined by the parasite's genotype at two independent diallelic loci. Relative host species frequency determined allele frequencies at the exploitation locus, whereas differential fitness and combined host density determined frequency of discrimination alleles. The model predicts instances where populations contain mixes of discriminatory and non-discriminatory infective stages. Also, non-discriminatory parasites should evolve when differential fitness is low to moderate and when combined host densities are low, but not so low as to cause parasite extinction. A corollary is that parasite discrimination (and host-specificity) increases with higher combined host densities. Instances in nature where parasites fail to discriminate when differential fitness is extreme could be explained by one host species evolving resistance, following from earlier selection for parasite non-discrimination. Similar results overall were obtained for haploid extensions of the model. Our model emulates multi-host associations and has implications for understanding broadening of host species ranges by parasites. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Opening the black box: re-examining the ecology and evolution of parasite transmission’.
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Ziersch, Anna, Moira Walsh, Clemence Due, and Alex Reilly. "Temporary Refugee and Migration Visas in Australia: An Occupational Health and Safety Hazard." International Journal of Health Services 51, no. 4 (2021): 531–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020731420980688.
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Employment and work-related exploitation and discrimination are important social determinants of health. However, little is known about the experiences of people on temporary visas in Australia, particularly those on refugee visas. This article reports on a study of people living on temporary visas in South Australia and their experiences of workforce exploitation and discrimination and impacts on health. Interviews were conducted with 30 people: 11 on non-refugee temporary visas and 19 on refugee temporary visas. Data was analyzed thematically. Analysis identified experiences of exploitation and discrimination in the Australian labor market that included difficulties securing work, underpayment, overwork, and hazardous workplaces. These experiences had negative health effects, particularly on mental health. None had made a formal complaint about their treatment, citing the precarity of their visas, difficulties finding an alternative job, and lack of knowledge about what to do. The impacts were especially evident for refugees who were also grappling with pre-settlement trauma and ongoing uncertainties about their future protection. Overall, these findings of discrimination and exploitation in the workplace and subsequent ill health highlight the pervasive impact of neoliberal agendas and stress the need for industrial, immigration, and welfare reform to protect workers on temporary visas.
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M., Anbazhagan. "Exploitation of Manju Kapur's A Married Woman." Shanlax International Journal of English 7, S1 (2019): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3461736.
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In the history of Indian English novel, women have been perceptually attempting to express their ideas, emotions and feelings through their writings. Indian women novelists exhibit their own experience and the multi-faceted experience of Indian women in their short stories and novels. The novelist, in her novels takes into account the complexity of life, different histories, cultures and different structures of values, the woman’s question, despite basic solidarity, needs to be tackled in relation to the socio-cultural situation. Women under the patriarchal pressure and control are subjected to too much more brunts and social ostracism. They are more discriminated and are biased in lieu of their sex. The lives women live and struggle under the oppressive mechanism of a closed society are reflected in the writings of Manju Kapur. One can see the budding of new women in Manju Kapur’s heroines, who do not want to be mere puppets for others to move as they like. Defying patriarchal notions that enforce women towards domesticity, they assert their individuality and aspire self-reliance through education. They nurture the desire of being independent and leading lives of their own. They are not silent rebels but are bold, outspoken, determined and action-oriented.
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Lambert, Jason R., and Ekundayo Akinlade. "Immigrant Stereotypes and Employment Discrimination: Signals of Exploitation Opportunism." Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, no. 1 (2018): 15487. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.15487abstract.
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Bobonazarova, Gozalkhon. "PREVENTION OF VIOLENCE, EXPLOITATION, CRUELTY AND DISCRIMINATION AGAINST CHILDREN." International Journal of Education, Social Science & Humanities. Finland Academic Research Science Publishers 11, no. 10 (2023): 198–200. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8425450.
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<em>Comprehensive measures for the prevention of crimes in our country, in particular, raising the legal consciousness and culture of the population, being kind to children, and improving the cooperation of state organizations and other institutions of civil society in this regard, in order to expand the scope of work in this field in the activities of self-governing organization a number of reforms are being implemented.</em>
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Shimbre, Mr. Pravin Sopan. "Gender Discrimination is the prominent theme of some Indian Women Novelist." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 4, no. 36 (2023): 47–50. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10335090.
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<strong>Abstract: </strong>Women's exploitation, subordination, gender discrimination can be found in Indian Patriarchal society. The present paper find the gender discrimination is a common theme explored by many Indian female novelists in their works. These authors use their writing to shed light on the various forms of discrimination and challenges that women face in Indian society.
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Kafle, Dol Raj, Dhakaram Sapkota, and Tej Bahadur KC. "Social Dynamics of Dalits in Nepal: Historical Development of Untouchability and Exploitation." Social Science and Humanities Journal 9, no. 01 (2025): 6395–403. https://doi.org/10.18535/sshj.v9i01.1587.
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This research examined the historical context, evolution, and current state of untouchability and discrimination in Nepal, with a specific focus on the Dalit community. Data relating to Dalit, untouchability and discrimination were collected from various secondary sources, including academic libraries and reputable websites. Data relating to origin, historical development and socio-legal frameworks were separately studied and analysis was made using qualitative approach. The study identifies Nepalese kings as the originators of untouchability, institutionalizing it based on the four varnas of the Hindu system. Untouchability was minimal in ancient times, became institutionalized and peaked in the medieval period, but has significantly decreased in modern times due to various legal measures. Furthermore, the research underscores the importance of continued efforts towards education, cultural change, and legal enforcement to eliminate untouchability and discrimination, fostering a more equitable and inclusive society in Nepal.
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Outreman, Y., A. Le Ralec, E. Wajnberg, and J. S. Pierre. "Can imperfect host discrimination explain partial patch exploitation in parasitoids?" Ecological Entomology 26, no. 3 (2001): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2311.2001.00318.x.
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Adhikari, Bina. "Discrimination and Exploitation of Labour in Mulk Raj Anand’s Coolie." Cognition 5, no. 1 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/cognition.v5i1.55336.
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This paper discusses about a story of the sufferers in Indian society of Mulk Raj Anand’s novel coolie. It describes the class distinction between the wealthy and the needy person. The upper- class people abused to lower class people humiliated them for minor faults and sometimes without any reason. It also explains the significant condition, bitter and miserable life of Munoo, a young boy of the village Bilaspur. The novel portrays the Indian society where social interactions of accomplishment and scarcity determine the life of Munoo, key person of the story. He is like the hero of John Galsworthy, English novelist and is the universal figure who represents the discomfort and measurable life of the poor and down-trodden. There is a human tragedy in the novel caused by the scarcity, exploitation, hunger, selfishness and torture. His life as a labourer in Bombay at the British-owned White cotton mills are described in fourth chapter. Munoo is exhibited as a servant and rickshaw coolie in the employ to Mrs. Mainwaring house, in Simla. A most vivid panorama of life in India of that period can be felt during the period of job searching from his native hills to the cities. It is not the destiny who is responsible for the disaster of Munoo but it is the society in which he is brought-up. He is a victim of social interactions in his life. Coolie represents very sensitive issue in the society where child work is the worst kind of social abuse. Mulk Raj Anand focuses crisis of these innocents in a very sensitive way critically. This article focuses on discrimination and exploitation faced by labour.
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Wrede, Matthias. "Mobility, Secession and Discrimination." Public Finance and Management 4, no. 4 (2004): 592–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152397210400400409.
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On the one hand, the right of independent secession protects single states from exploitation by the majority of states or by the entire union. on the other hand, it enables majorities in these states to discriminate after secession against ethnic, religious and political minorities which are better protected in the union as a whole. Therefore, the right of secession is a group right which possibly limits individual rights. Even if the individual right of emigration is guaranteed independently of membership, the right to secede from the union may limit the economic success of an economic and political union provided that it frightens minorities and, therefore, reduces mobility, country specific investment and productivity.
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Navarro, Vicente. "What Should Be the Objective of an Emancipatory Project?" International Journal of Health Services 50, no. 3 (2020): 253–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020731420908139.
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This article covers a very central issue in the discussions of the implications of exploitation for the health, quality of life, and well-being of populations. Essentially, the objective of any emancipatory project should be the elimination of any form of exploitation, whether of class, gender, race, nation, or the environment. This article explores the interrelatedness between different types of exploitation and demonstrates how all forms of exploitation are impacted by the political context within which they exist. It compares the levels of class and gender exploitation (as well as environmental exploitation) in countries governed by different political traditions, underlining the enormous importance this political context has in shaping not only each form of exploitation but how they are related. The article concludes that those countries which have an ideological project that connects all these different projects of liberation have less exploitation of each type of discrimination.
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Devapriya, Bhattacharya. "Interpreting Experiences: The Missing Link of Intersectionality in the Lives of Dalit Women." Trivium A multi disciplinary journal of humanities of Chandernagore College 6, no. 10 (2022): 60–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13830209.
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Feminism propounds equality of men and women; the crux of this theory is engraved in the notion that both men and women are entitled to similar opportunities and rights in every walk of life. Another aspect of feminism deals with the opposition to patriarchy, a social institution which instils dominance of men over women. The social institution of patriarchy had often enabled in many cases the discrimination and exploitation of women. With the unfolding of time, feminism as a theory has evolved and broadened its horizon. Intersectionality is a theoretical framework that had gained popularity within the horizons of feminism in the 1990s. Introduced by Crenshaw, Intersectionality envisions taking into account multiple perspectives along with Gender like Caste, Class, Race or others when dealing with discrimination against women.The lowermost, most discriminated against and oppressed caste of India is the Dalit. In spite of the presence of the legal framework, discrimination and exploitation is the harsh truth of a Dalit’s life. And this truth resonates in the life of Dalit woman. The oppression and discrimination that a Dalit woman has to face in India is very complex in nature and consists of multiple dimensions. This paper tries to apply the lens of intersectionality in order to contextualise and analyse the discrimination faced by a Dalit woman in India. At the same time it tries to get behind the several aspects within the discrimination and oppression of a Dalit woman that makes application of an intersectionality lens necessary. <em>Keywords: Intersectionality, Woman, Dalit Woman, Discrimination, Caste, Gender.</em>
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Dr., Sathe Dhananjay Tukaram. "Racial Discrimination and Quest for Identity in Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research S6, no. 36 (2025): 30–33. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15544063.
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<em>The present research paper aimed to investigate racial discrimination and the quest for identity in Lorraine Hansberry's renowned play A Raisin in the Sun. The present play addresses the segregation and racial problems that exist in American society. This play is written by an African-American playwright Lorraine Hansberry, who uses her personal experiences in American society as the basis for her work. In fact, she has been experiencing hardship due to racial discrimination and segregation in different parts of American society. However, she has powerfully been presented with racial discrimination in her literary works. The play A Raisin in the Sun portrays the unfortunate circumstances of a Younger family. Mamma and Walter Lee Younger are the main characters in the play, who face racial discrimination and economic disparity. The Younger family is the victim of social hierarchy and segregation in America, but the protagonist of the play accepts the reality and prepares to fight against injustice and exploitation. In fact, American society is built upon racial discrimination that centers on race and skin color, particularly targeting black individuals in various aspects of life. Despite enduring racial discrimination, the black community vehemently protested against injustice and all forms of exploitation. Though they are often seen as subordinate and less important, they are deeply aware of their own heritage, customs, roots, past, and personal sense of self. Thus, this research paper focuses on the racial discrimination and quest for identity in Lorraine Hansberry's renowned play A Raisin in the Sun.</em>
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Ningamma. "FEATURES OF EXPLOITATION ON WOMEN." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 6, S2 (2019): 191–95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2652003.
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The culture and tradition of India is considered as old and great all over the world where people used to worship various female goddesses, saints and poets. India is also a powerful nation and famous worldwide for being the largest democracy in the world however, women backwardness is also very clear in the Indian society because of the social issues, problems and lots of restrictions against women. Women belong to the lower and middle class family suffers more than the women of higher class family. Women in the Indian society generally face problems of sex discrimination, high percentage of illiteracy, female infanticide, dowry system, etc. Taking birth as a woman in the Indian society can be said as curse for the women. Women in India face lots of social issues and problems all through the life which are big struggle for them right from their beginning of life. Female infanticide is the most common practice of killing girl child in mother’s womb in the Indian society. Women in India are considered as burden for their parents and husbands as they think that women are here only to consume money whole life without earning a little bit.
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Dr., Indira C. Rathod. "The Evil Practices of Social Discrimination and Humiliation in Mulk Raj Anand's Untouchable." International Journal of Advance and Applied Research 4, no. 29 (2023): 171–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8365457.
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<strong>Abstract</strong> The evils of the caste system have entered deep into the spirits of society in and around the Indian subcontinent since the ancient times and contributes a central role in present times as well. It not only decides India’s social status but also outcomes political and economic spheres and their functioning. There are evil faces this system in India; discrimination, injustice, humiliation, untouchability and degradation are even visible in some parts of modern Indian society. The lower caste human being faces discrimination in different angles. They are considered impure and caste system believed that their touch, food and shadow might pollute a higher caste person’s body, food or image. The lower caste people have faced a lot of exploitation such as harassment, child labour and leftover food of higher caste people’s home. The present study focuses on such a suffering of lower caste people under the upper caste people in social status, religion and caste. The present article takes up the evil practices of social discrimination and humiliation in Mulk Raj Anand’s <em>Untouchable. </em>The study analyses that, Mulk Raj Anand’s one of pioneers of Anglo-Indian fiction, through his novel <em>Untouchable</em> touches on different themes like poverty, exploitation, social discrimination, humiliation and misfortune etc. <em>Untouchable</em> is a social novel, which portrays of Bakha, who is young Indian sweeper. He has dominated under the upper caste’s home for lives survive in the society.
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Heidhues, Paul, and Botond Kőszegi. "Naïveté-Based Discrimination*." Quarterly Journal of Economics 132, no. 2 (2016): 1019–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjw042.
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Abstract We initiate the study of naïveté-based discrimination, the practice of conditioning offers on external information about consumers’ naïveté. Knowing that a consumer is naive increases a monopolistic or competitive firm's willingness to generate inefficiency to exploit the consumer's mistakes, so naïveté-based discrimination is not Pareto-improving, can be Pareto-damaging, and often lowers total welfare when classical preference-based discrimination does not. Moreover, the effect on total welfare depends on a hitherto unemphasized market feature: the extent to which the exploitation of naive consumers distorts trade with different types of consumers. If the distortion is homogeneous across naive and sophisticated consumers, then under an arguably weak and empirically testable condition, naïveté-based discrimination lowers total welfare. In contrast, if the distortion arises only for trades with sophisticated consumers, then perfect naïveté-based discrimination maximizes social welfare, although imperfect discrimination often lowers welfare. If the distortion arises only for trades with naive consumers, then naïveté-based discrimination has no effect on welfare. We identify applications for each of these cases. In our primary example, a credit market with present-biased borrowers, firms lend more than is socially optimal to increase the amount of interest naive borrowers unexpectedly pay, creating a homogeneous distortion. The condition for naïveté-based discrimination to lower welfare is then weaker than prudence.
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Kraigher, Barbara, Monika Butolen, Polonca Stefanic, and Ines Mandic Mulec. "Kin discrimination drives territorial exclusion during Bacillus subtilis swarming and restrains exploitation of surfactin." ISME Journal 16, no. 3 (2021): 833–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01124-4.
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AbstractSwarming is the collective movement of bacteria across a surface. It requires the production of surfactants (public goods) to overcome surface tension and provides an excellent model to investigate bacterial cooperation. Previously, we correlated swarm interaction phenotypes with kin discrimination between B. subtilis soil isolates, by showing that less related strains form boundaries between swarms and highly related strains merge. However, how kin discrimination affects cooperation and territoriality in swarming bacteria remains little explored. Here we show that the pattern of surface colonization by swarming mixtures is influenced by kin types. Closely related strain mixtures colonize the surface in a mixed swarm, while mixtures of less related strains show competitive exclusion as only one strain colonizes the surface. The outcome of nonkin swarm expansion depends on the initial ratio of the competing strains, indicating positive frequency-dependent competition. We find that addition of surfactin (a public good excreted from cells) can complement the swarming defect of nonkin mutants, whereas close encounters in nonkin mixtures lead to territorial exclusion, which limits the exploitation of surfactin by nonkin nonproducers. The work suggests that kin discrimination driven competitive territorial exclusion may be an important determinant for the success of cooperative surface colonization.
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Akinlade, Ekundayo Y., Jason R. Lambert, and Peng Zhang. "Mechanisms for hiring discrimination of immigrant applicants in the United States." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 39, no. 4 (2020): 395–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-08-2019-0218.
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PurposeFew studies examine how hiring discrimination can be an antecedent to the labor exploitation of immigrant workers. The main purpose of this paper is to advance the theoretical understanding of how the intersectionality of race and immigrant status affects differential hiring treatment, and how it affects job offers, job acceptance and hiring decision outcomes for immigrant job seekers.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws from theories on status and intersectionality, and literature on immigration labor and racial hierarchy, addressing the unequal power relations that underlie race and immigration status affecting the hiring process, to advance critical understandings of why immigrant job seekers accept positions where they may be exploited.FindingsThis paper provides a conceptual model to critically synthesize the complexity between race and immigrant status, and their effect on the experience of immigrant job seekers differently. Exploitation opportunism is introduced to better understand the mechanisms of hiring discrimination among immigrant job seekers to include the role of race, immigrant status, economic motivations and unequal power relations on the hiring process.Practical implicationsThe framework for exploitation opportunism will help employers improve the quality and fairness of their hiring methods, and empower immigrant job seekers to not allow themselves to accept subpar job offers which can lead to exploitation.Originality/valueThe paper provides an original analysis of immigrant job seekers' experience of the hiring process that reveals the intragroup differences among immigrants based on race and status, and the decision-making mechanisms that hiring managers and immigrant job seekers use to evaluate job offers and job acceptance.
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Yadav Prasad Sharma. "Class Power Relations in the Story 'Lahuri Bhaisi'." Interdisciplinary Journal of Management and Social Sciences 6, no. 1 (2025): 325–37. https://doi.org/10.3126/ijmss.v6i1.75413.
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The presented research article focuses on the analysis of class power relations expressed in the story titled ‘Lahuri Bhainsi’ written by storyteller Ramesh Bikal. The necessary materials for this article have been collected from library sources and conclusions have been reached through qualitative methods after reading and analyzing the story. The article has made a theoretical analysis of class power relations and analyzed the class status, class consciousness, class interests, and class discrimination and exploitation of the characters used in this story. In the course of the analysis, the characters have been analyzed by linking class with the economic status of the characters and by analyzing the class of the characters, it has been pointed out that the form of class consciousness and class consciousness in this story is clear in the upper class and somewhat vague and mixed in the lower class, and it has been concluded that the consciousness of the lower class is divided due to the dominance of the upper class in the means of production and social justice and knowledge. Thus, due to the inequality of class consciousness, the class power relations are unbalanced, and the life of the lower classes has become problematic, class discrimination, oppression and exploitation have reached their peak in society, and due to the lack of class consciousness among the lower class characters, the consciousness of class interests has become weak and divided, which has contributed to class discrimination, oppression and exploitation, and the class power relations have become unbalanced, and the life of the lower classes has become subordinate.
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Zhu, Guangxing. "Book review: Sexual Exploitation of Teenagers: Adolescent Development, Discrimination, and Consent Law." International Review of Victimology 25, no. 1 (2018): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269758018809756.
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Hawkins, Jacob E. "Jennifer Drobac: Sexual Exploitation of Teenagers: Adolescent Development, Discrimination, and Consent Law." Journal of Youth and Adolescence 45, no. 11 (2016): 2353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0526-y.
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Dethe, Pritisha Vijay, and Dr Sanjay Urade. "Echoes of Oppression: Comparative Insights into Dalit and Afro-American Experiences of Humiliation and Exploitation." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 10, no. 3 (2025): 354–58. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijels.103.53.
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This paper presents a comparative analysis of Dalit literature in India and Afro-American literature in the United States, focusing on autobiographies to explore themes of humiliation and exploitation. By examining works such as Omprakash Valmiki's "Jonathan," Alex Haley's "The Autobiography of Malcolm X," and Richard Wright's "Black Boy," the study analyzes the social, economic, and psychological impacts of systemic oppression. It investigates how autobiographical writing contributes to identity formation and resistance among marginalized communities. Key findings reveal significant similarities in the experiences of humiliation and economic exploitation faced by both Dalits and African Americans, highlighting the universal nature of systemic oppression. However, distinct historical and cultural contexts—caste-based discrimination in India and racial segregation in the US—shape unique manifestations of injustice. The paper underscores the critical role of literature in social activism, illustrating how personal narratives serve as powerful tools for documenting and challenging oppression. This study enhances global understanding of discrimination and promotes cross-cultural solidarity in the fight for social justice.
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Ahmed, Aziza. "“Exploitation Creep” and Development: A Response to Janie Chuang." AJIL Unbound 108 (2014): 268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300009399.
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In her article Exploitation Creep and the Unmaking of Human Trafficking Law, Janie Chuang insightfully describes transformations in the discourse on trafficking as it shifted from sex trafficking to human trafficking, and as human trafficking came to be understood as forced labor, and now modern day slavery. With each of these transformations, the United States government, self-anointed “global sheriff” of anti-trafficking efforts, deepened its emphasis on a prosecution-oriented strategy focused on individual perpetrator accountability. As an alternative trajectory, Chuang identifies and convincingly argues for a labor-rights approach that takes into consideration the structural causes of exploitation in the labor market, including poverty, unemployment, discrimination, and conflict.
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Fikzia, Iffah, and Nur Saktiningrum. "EXPOSING MODERN DISCRIMINATION: REFLECTING ON STRUGGLES OF THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN DEPICTED IN JUDAS AND THE BLACK MESSIAH." Rubikon : Journal of Transnational American Studies 11, no. 2 (2024): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/rubikon.v11i2.96291.
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The passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is expected to reduce the injustices faced by African Americans. However, life after the Act proves to be not easy. The issues of oppression experienced by African Americans in the past continue to recur. This is because some discrimination against black people is done in a more latent way, called modern discrimination. Therefore, it is important to discuss modern discrimination against African Americans as depicted in Judas and the Black Messiah movie This article aims to analyze the causes of modern discrimination against African Americans. In this research, the researcher used a qualitative method through library research. The main data was taken from the dialogue of Judas and the Black Messiah movie, while supporting data came from articles, books, and online sources. The researcher applied a post-nationalist perspective, Critical Race Theory, and modern discrimination theory. The research findings identify four key factors explaining modern discrimination against African Americans: normalization of discrimination, exploitation of minority interests to support white dominance, adaptation of African-American stereotypes to fit white demands, and the intersectionality of multiple sources contributing to discrimination.
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Fakhre Alam, Shaikh Zeeshan Ahmed. "Shri Narayan Guru’s Views on Caste Based Discrimination and Social Equality." June-July 2023, no. 34 (June 1, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jmc.34.1.6.
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This research paper presents the Shri Narayan Guru’s views on caste based discrimination and his effort to end this social evil and to establish equality among all human beings. Caste based discrimination is the curse of Indian Society and social reformerslike Shri Narayan Guru proclaimed that India could not become a powerful and strong country without eradicating it. His views on this issue is totally different from his contemporaries. It is need of present time that we should study critically this concept. Caste based discrimination is totally against the sprit of Advait Vedant ( Non-dualism) philosophy. The practice of untouchability based on caste is totally wrong and it's a crime against humanity as well as God because we believe that everything is created by God. Same essence of divinity is present in all humans we should respect this divinity. We are not going to trace the origin of caste based discriminationin any textsand it’s effectson Indian society. It is nearly impossible to cover all the primary texts related with caste and all the teachings of our contemporary social reformers on caste system, caste discrimination and solutions in one research paper.It is not our purpose to go into the roots of caste system. Our concern here is the evil of inequality and exploitation it engenders across the entire spectrum of the Indian society, and the way Narayan Guru dealt with it. Our objective is to highlights Guru’s commonsensical and spiritual methods for solving this problem.
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Ayón, Cecilia, Jill T. Messing, Maria Gurrola, and Dellanira Valencia-Garcia. "The Oppression of Latina Mothers: Experiences of Exploitation, Violence, Marginalization, Cultural Imperialism, and Powerlessness in Their Everyday Lives." Violence Against Women 24, no. 8 (2017): 879–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801217724451.
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Despite Latinos being the largest growing population in the United States, research has not examined the impact of social structures on the well-being of Latina immigrants; negative social discourse and restrictive laws exacerbate inequality and discrimination in this population. Through combined inductive/deductive analysis of in-depth semistructured interviews, we examined immigrant Mexican mothers’ ( N = 32) descriptions of oppression in the United States. All five forms of oppression, described in Young’s oppression framework are evident: exploitation, violence, marginalization, cultural imperialism, and powerlessness. Discrimination places a high burden on Latinas due to the intersection of forms of oppression and nondominant identities.
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Wood, Sarah. "Big Data’s Exploitation of Social Determinants of Health: Human Rights Implications." Science and Technology Law Review 22, no. 1 (2021): 63–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52214/stlr.v22i1.8054.
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This Article acknowledges the necessity of including social determinants of health (SDH) data in healthcare planning and treatment but highlights the lack of regulation around the collection of SDH data and potential for violating consumers’ basic rights to be treated equally, protected from discrimination, and to have their privacy respected. The Article analyzes different approaches from the U.S. and EU and proffers the global application of the GDPR plus data human rights provisions as the most sustainable option in a world where technology is ever-changing.
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Jin, Chenghao, and Shukun Xue. "Gender Discrimination and Differences in the Workplace." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 27 (March 5, 2024): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/bwhb7a34.
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In the real world, gender discrimination as a ubiquitous phenomenon not only has a greater impact on people's daily lives, but also has a decisive influence on social governance, fairness and other macro issues By searching academic websites such as Baidu Academic, we found a lot of useful information about gender discrimination in the workplace. At the same time, we also investigated the related reasons and the positions and groups that are prone to gender discrimination. In the investigation, we found some interesting phenomena. We found that workplace sex discrimination is a bit different from what we know. It is not only exploitation of employees and unfair wages, but also some very excessive behaviors. Some leaders even use job threats to force female employees to do things that do not belong to their jobs, such as picking up the children for the leader or even being molested by the leader.
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Salsabila, Firdha, Esterria Romauli Panjaitan, and Fitra Mandela. "Resistance Toward Subordination of Women in The Breadwinner Novel by Deborah Ellis: A Feminist Study." Culturalistics: Journal of Cultural, Literary, and Linguistic Studies 7, no. 2 (2023): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ca.v7i2.20654.
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This research aimed to discover the resistance and the subordination forms. The method used is descriptive qualitative research method and feminism approach applied specifically Simone de Beauvoir's notions of The Otherness in The Second Sex book. The data gathered through attentive reading and observation of the narration, mono – dialogue, and characters' actions in The Breadwinner novel by Deborah Ellis. Furthermore, the writers determined that women have a difficult access to work as a result of discrimination and exploitation, married women are required to be completely subservient to their husbands, unequal education opportunity, parents expected a son over a daughter, and women unable to participate in social-political activities. Also, on Beauvoir ideas of resist toward The Otherness such as women can work, become intellectuals, contribute to a socialist revolution, and women can transcend their limitations by refusing to internalize their otherness or to identify themselves through the dominant group's eyes. This can be concluded that women still faced severe discrimination, oppression, exploitation, and inequality to gain their freedom, yet women still resist to the oppression in society.
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Sharma, Bharti, and Sarika Tyagi. "A Study of Women Oppression and Injustice in Indian Theatre." International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Scope 06, no. 01 (2025): 315–23. https://doi.org/10.47857/irjms.2025.v06i01.02501.
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Women in traditional culture and patriarchal society are often perceived as repositories of societal ills. The condition of women in contemporary India has been adversely affected by many forms of injustice and oppression that arise in Indian society. They are outcasts deprived of societal privileges because of them being perceived as the inferior sex. Over the years, many Indian writers have contributed to the field of women's literature. Even though their position has been uplifted, the exploitation of women and gender discrimination has not been eradicated. This paper seeks to explain how patriarchy, inequality, intersectional oppression, and gender discrimination result in women's subjugation and marginalisation through a feminist understanding of the plays Tara (1995) by Mahesh Dattani and Brides are Not for Burning (1993) by Dina Mehta. The selected plays are groundbreaking in the literary canon that condemns gender discrimination, violence, exploitation, and ostracization of women. The study aims to examine and analyse male and female writers’ perspectives in literature that creatively highlight the grief, scorn, degradation, and humiliation of women in male-dominated society. Finally, it explores the core reasons for the necessity for the quest for identity within society and posits how gender issues and patriarchal structures shape women’s identities, eventually leading to the oppression and consequent injustice faced by female characters in the play.
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Charland, Paule M., Indrin J. Chetty, Lori D. Paniak, Bryan P. Bednarz, and Benedick A. Fraass. "Enhanced spectral discrimination through the exploitation of interface effects in photon dose data." Medical Physics 31, no. 2 (2004): 264–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.1637731.
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Haubert Weil, Jeannie. "Finding Housing: Discrimination and Exploitation of Latinos in the Post-Katrina Rental Market." Organization & Environment 22, no. 4 (2009): 491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1086026609347194.
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Apurva, Bongale, and Sabanna Talwar. "Problems Faced by Working Women in India: An Obstacle for Women Work Participation." International Journal of Social Science And Human Research 06, no. 05 (2023): 3074–78. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7976782.
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India is termed as a traditional country with wide diversity in religion, ethnicity, culture and customs. The role of women in India is mostly limited to household and domestic works. women in India’s workplace remain significantly under- represented. India has a female work participation rate of 20 percent which is less then have of global average of 47 percent. The major objective of the study is to identify the factors responsible and creating problems for working women in India and how it has an effect on female work participation rate. The present study is conceptual in nature and is based on secondary data collected from various sources. The data collected is analysed with the aid of simple growth rate to understand the comparison in the female work participation rate over time. As per the study results it was understood that the FWPR has increased at a growth rate of 12.50 percent. Although it has been very much tough for the women in India, to survive after facing many hurdles, exploitation and discrimination still they are being persistent in their efforts and constantly trying to make their existence noticeable in the male dominated Indian society.
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Randolph, Diane Smith. "The meaning of workplace discrimination for women with disabilities." WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation 24, no. 4 (2005): 369–80. https://doi.org/10.3233/wor-2005-00435.
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Studies have found that persons with disabilities who are also members of other minority groups or women encounter dual discrimination [5]. This paper describes how women with disabilities who are in the workplace experience discrimination. In order to determine whether discrimination was a viable issue, theoretical contexts of feminist theory, disability theory, and attribution theory were examined as well as literature examining employment of women with disabilities. For this study, three women with various disabilities were interviewed regarding the effect of their disability on their typical workday, their employment and job seeking history, and employment opportunities. Qualitative data were also provided through mapping by the participants and pictorial data of worksites. Data were grouped into themes of pre-conceived notions of others, attitudes of others, accommodation issues, inclusion issues and exploitation issues. From these themes definitions of discrimination, nondiscrimination in the workplace were developed. Conclusions include the need for more research on workplace experiences of other or more specific populations that experience discrimination as well as the need for ethical reflection on the part of the researcher regarding vulnerable populations.
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Dr. Aarti Vishwakarma. "Depiction of Plight and Subjugation of Dalit Women in Baby Kamble’s Prisons We Broke." Creative Launcher 7, no. 3 (2022): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2022.7.3.13.
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Baby Kamble reflects on the subjugation and plight of Dalit women in her autobiography The Prisons We Broke. Kamble, while depicting her experiences of caste discrimination, also attempts to show how the women of the entire Mahar community face similar discrimination and, therefore, this autobiography is regarded as the testimony of the entire Mahar community. On the one hand, it talks about how Dalit women fall victim to exploitation and discrimination by the upper caste people; on the other hand, it projects how these women tolerate similar discrimination by the patriarchal norms within their own Mahar community. This autobiography is a Dalit narrative that has been written from a feminist perspective. It offers a realistic insight into the oppressive caste and patriarchal norms of our Indian society. Thus, through this paper, an attempt has been made to bring forth the subjugation of Dalit women as reflected in Baby Kamble’s autobiography The Prisons We Broke.
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Sahare, Geeta. "History of the Human Rights: Gender Perspectives." BSSS Journal of Social Work 13, no. 1 (2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51767/jsw1303.
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Every human being has certain rights to live with dignity and peace and should not be discriminated. However, history of human civilization tells us there have been discrimination on many counts. Otherwise, there won’t have been words like slavery, untouchability, exploitation, patriarchy existing. Women are no exception to discrimination and exploitation. Human rights of women have been violated, they have been deprived of their respect, economic, social and political status and the basic principle of equality (equality with her counterpart, i.e., men). The question of human rights becomes very pertinent when it comes to gender and gender justice. This has given birth to feminist movements. The author here wishes to testify the march of the human rights of women, the journey and the progress made after struggle by all the feminist movements and more importantly the economic and social status of women in the present era. The author has tried to show how the matriarchy in early development of civilization was demolished and how there was a downfall of women after advancement of patriarchy through the personification of power by men inside and outside of the family. In fact, the notions of property and inheritance put an end to the foundations of matriarchy and consequently they were converted to objects belonging to the father, the husband and the family. The author could also find several other reasons, old customs in the patriarchal society for their exploitation and violation of their human rights. Further the role of U.N. and its organs was very vital and important as the problems of women were considered in their social aspect from time to time. Today we find women in all fields of national life: engineers, doctors, pilot, professors, diplomats, artists who have won gold medals in sports, etc. But it took a very long time to finally see women acceding to highest posts in the Parliament. March of human rights of women is progressing constantly as efforts have been made but a lot needs to be done as discriminations, inequalities, injustice and harassment of all kinds will not disappear overnight.
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Chand, Ganeshwar. "Capitalism, Democracy and Discrimination—The Rise and Decline of Racism in Cox's Caste, Class and Race1." Review of Black Political Economy 23, no. 2 (1994): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02692736.
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In his book Caste, Class and Race, Oliver Cromwell Cox took positions on the link between capitalism and racism that appear contradictory; on the one hand he argues that racial exploitation emerged with the rise of capitalism, and on the other, that advancement of capitalism would reduce racial exploitation. This article analyzes this seeming contradiction from a Marxian perspective and argues that Cox failed to seriously consider the central organizing mechanism of capitalism—competition—to discuss the relation between capitalism and racism. To analyze race relations under any mode of production, the central organizing mechanism of that mode has to occupy a focal position. A failure to take account of that fact often results in political conclusions that, like Cox's, are divorced from theoretical analysis and thus are weak and impractical.
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Wu, Jingjing, Jianguo Jiang, Meibin Qi, Cuiqun Chen, and Yimin Liu. "Improving Feature Discrimination for Object Tracking by Structural-similarity-based Metric Learning." ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications 18, no. 4 (2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3497746.
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Existing approaches usually form the tracking task as an appearance matching procedure. However, the discrimination ability of appearance features is insufficient in these trackers, which is caused by their weak feature supervision constraints and inadequate exploitation of spatial contexts. To tackle this issue, this article proposes a novel appearance matching tracking (AMT) method to strengthen the feature restraints and capture discriminative spatial representations. Specifically, we first utilize a triplet structural loss function, which improves the learning capability of features by applying a structural similarity constraint with a triplet metric format on the features. It leverages feature statistics to capture the complex interactions of visual parts. Second, we put forward an adaptive matching module that exploits the dual spatial enhancement module to reinforce target feature discrimination. This not only boosts the representation ability of spatial context but also realizes spatially dynamic feature selection by attending to target deformation information. Moreover, this model introduces a simple but effective matching unit to intuitively evaluate the relative appearance differences between the target and the proposals. In addition, with the obtained discriminative features, AMT is capable of providing precise localization for the target. Therefore, the impact of spatial suppression imposed by window functions can be alleviated, allowing for effective tracking of high-speed moving objects. Extensive experiments prove that AMT outperforms state-of-the-art methods on six public datasets and demonstrate the effectiveness of each component in AMT.
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Nasir, Zakia. "Historico – Cultural Analysis of Gendered Power - Play in Society as Portrayed in Nadeem Aslam’s Novels." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. II (2019): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-ii).16.
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This paper discusses an important aspect of human society, the gendered use of power on women and its portrayal through the literary texts of Nadeem Aslam. Literature mirrors human society through fictional characters and imaginary situations. A co-relation between gendered power, in the historical and contemporary social context and resultant discrimination through oppression and patriarchal hegemonic structures on women is therein established. Themes of female oppression and exploitation, othering and gendered discriminative power dynamics are the basis of this study. Gendered power through its trajectories is the basis of problems faced by women in androcentric societies, creating situational conflicts at the macro and micro level. The resultant feminist concerns give significance to this study as they give rise to pertinent issues, which need to be addressed in human society.
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Zakia, Nasir. "Historico - Cultural Analysis of Gendered Power - Play in Society as Portrayed in Nadeem Aslam's Novels." Global Social Sciences Review 4, no. 2 (2019): 118–23. https://doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(IV-II).16.
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This paper discusses an important aspect of human society, the gendered use of power on women and its portrayal through the literary texts of Nadeem Aslam. Literature mirrors human society through fictional characters and imaginary situations. A co-relation between gendered power, in the historical and contemporary social context and resultant discrimination through oppression and patriarchal hegemonic structures on women is therein established. Themes of female oppression and exploitation, othering and gendered discriminative power dynamics are the basis of this study. Gendered power through its trajectories is the basis of problems faced by women in androcentric societies, creating situational conflicts at the macro and micro level. The resultant feminist concerns give significance to this study as they give rise to pertinent issues, which need to be addressed in human society.
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Okoro, Ruth Chikwado, and Ihechukwu Victor Ugwoegbu. "Female Employee Exploitation and Corporate Longevity: A study of Financial Institutions in Imo State, Nigeria." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, IIIS (2024): 3529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.803254s.
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The role of women in the workforce has undergone significant changes in recent decades, with an increasing number of women entering the corporate world and making valuable contributions to economic growth and development. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship that between female employee exploitation and corporate longevity in financial institutions in Imo State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to determine the relationship that between objectification and job satisfaction of financial institutions in Imo State, Nigeria. It also ascertained the correlation between gender-based discrimination and organisational expansion of financial institutions in Imo State, Nigeria. The study was anchored on Resource-Based View (RBV) theory, by Jay Barney (1991). It employed discriptive survey research design. The target population were 253 female staff of financial institutions in Imo State, Nigeria. Taro Yamane’s method was used to get a sample size of 155. Hypotheses were tested with Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient on Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS version 27) at 5% level of significance. Hypothesis one revealed that there was a statistically significant negative relationship between objectification and job satisfaction of financial institutions in Imo State, Nigeria, with r = -0.312, n = 155 and p value of 0.000 (p<0.05). Hypothesis two indicated that there was a statistically significant negative correlation that exists between gender discrimination and organisational expansion of financial institutions in Imo State, Nigeria, with r = -0.249, n = 155 and p value of 0.002 (p<0.05). The study concluded that there was a statistically significant negative relationship between female employee exploitation and corporate longevity of financial institutions in Imo State, Nigeria. The study recommended among others that financial institutions in Imo State need to recognise the imperative of gender equality and take proactive steps to address discrimination, create inclusive environments, and leverage diversity to drive business expansion.
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Petit, Pascale, Matthieu Bunel, and Yannick L’Horty. "Les discriminations à l’embauche dans la sphère publique : effets respectifs de l’adresse et de l’origine." Revue économique Pub. anticipées, no. 7 (2030): 415–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/reco.pr2.0154.
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Cette étude évalue la discrimination dans l’accès à l’emploi privé et public selon deux critères, une origine maghrébine et une adresse en quartier de la politique de la ville, à l’aide d’un testing sur trois professions où les recruteurs publics sont en concurrence avec des recruteurs privés : responsables administratifs, techniciens de maintenance et aides-soignants. Entre octobre 2015 et avril 2016, nous avons envoyé 3 258 candidatures en réponse à 1 086 offres d’emploi. L’étude consiste en une exploitation statistique et économétrique des résultats de ces envois. Nous ne trouvons pas que les discriminations à l’embauche sont plus faibles dans la fonction publique que dans le secteur privé et nous montrons que les fonctions publiques hospitalière et territoriale sont plus exposées au risque discriminatoire que la fonction publique d’État, pour les deux critères. Classification JEL : C81, C93, J15, J45, J71.
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Gyawali, Pradeep Prasad. "Women’s Consciousness in the Story ‘Apurnata’." Academia Research Journal 2, no. 1 (2023): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/academia.v2i1.52359.
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‘Apurnata’ is a story written by Jaleshwari Shrestha. In the presented research article, taking this story as a lesson, the meaning of the story has been analyzed and evaluated based on liberal feminism among the various branches of feminism. The main objective of this study is to find out the various aspects related to women's consciousness in this story. In this, awareness of gender discrimination related to feminism, awareness of exploitation and oppression, awareness of sexual exploitation and violence against women, awareness of women's existence and identity and awareness of class discrimination have been analyzed as a theoretical framework. In this story, due to patriarchy, men are allowed to move freely, eat, drink and have fun, but women have to be aware step by step, they have to stay locked up at home, and under the guise of religious beliefs, patriarchy discriminates against women by inciting men to polygamy, and if they want to have a son, they are threatened. It has been expressed that men who have created a feeling of discrimination towards sons and daughters should not pay attention to domestic work, but women have to do domestic work and bear children and take care of them. This story has awakened awareness that we should fight against oppression based on gender. In this story, the struggle of a man trying to end the existence and identity of a woman and a woman trying to protect it is presented. It also expresses the idea that women should not be kept as a means of enjoyment and a factory for giving birth to children. Here, because the poor women are poor, the reality of double oppression has been presented and the consciousness has been awakened that they should not tolerate such discrimination and humiliation and should be punished through legal remedies.
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Fatkhurridho, Farobi, and Suma Riella Rusdiarti. "Ekofeminsime dalam Film Nona Kedi yang Tak Pernah Melihat Keajaiban (2013)." Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 5, no. 3 (2022): 695–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v5i3.471.
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The exploitation of nature and discrimination against women have similarities in unequal power relations. From an anthropocentric point of view, the exploitation of nature has relevance to the issue of feminism. It refers to the terminology of dualism hierarchy in the realm of ecofeminism. Nature and women occupy the same position, namely as objects of the oppressed. In this case, regime, capitalism, and masculinity become the dominant force that has a position as the oppressor. A Lady Caddy Who Never Saw a Hole in One (2013) is a short film that presents a form of perpetuating the issue of dualism hierarchy. The result from this research shows how a lady caddy figure becomes a symbol of the product and represents the exploitation of nature in the eviction of land for golf and luxury hotels. The patterns and symbols presented through the narrative structure and cinematographic aspects depict the relationship between capitalism, regimes, women, and nature which refer to the perpetuation of dualism hierarchy.
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Gür Geden, Ayşe. "Discrimination and Exploitation: Workplace Conditions and Treatment of African Asylum Seekers Residing in Kumkapı." Middle East Journal of Refugee Studies 1, no. 1 (2015): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12738/mejrs.2016.1.1.0001.
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Lambert, Jason R., and Ekundayo Y. Akinlade. "Immigrant stereotypes and differential screening." Personnel Review 49, no. 4 (2019): 921–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-06-2018-0229.
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Purpose There has been an increasing number of allegations of discrimination toward US employees and anecdotal indications of immigrant employee exploitation in the information technology sector. The purpose of this paper is to investigate if applicants’ work visa status causes native-born applicants to be treated differentially (less favorably) than foreign-born applicants. Design/methodology/approach A correspondence study design is used to observe differential screening processes by measuring the frequency of favorable job application responses received by foreign-born applicants compared to equally skilled native-born applicants. Findings Results from the study suggest that fictitious Asian foreign-born applicants who demonstrate the need for H-1B work visa sponsorship for employment receive significantly more favorable e-mail responses to job ads than US native-born applicants. Moreover, white native-born applicants are approximately 23 percent less likely than Asian foreign-born applicants to receive a request for an interview. Research limitations/implications Because of the chosen method, the research results may lack generalizability. The hypotheses should be tested further by targeting more geographical locations, a variety of industries and using qualitative methods in future research. Practical implications The paper includes implications for hiring managers who wish to reduce their liability for employment discrimination and foreign-born job seekers wishing to manage their expectations of the recruitment process. Originality/value This paper fulfills an identified need to empirically study how the work visa status of job seekers affects early recruitment as increasingly more anecdotal evidence of immigrant exploitation and discrimination in the technology sector is reported.
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Magna, Gabriele, Manuela Stefanelli, Giuseppe Pomarico, et al. "Chiral Recognition with Broad Selective Sensor Arrays." Chemosensors 10, no. 8 (2022): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10080308.
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The detection and discrimination of chiral analytes has always been a topical theme in food and pharmaceutical industries and environmental monitoring, especially when dealing with chiral drugs and pesticides, whose enantiomeric nature assessment is of crucial importance. The typical approach matches novel chiral receptors designed ad hoc for the discrimination of a target enantiomer with emerging nanotechnologies. The massive synthetic efforts requested and the difficulty of analyzing complex matrices warrant the ever-growing exploitation of sensor array as an alternative route, using a limited number of chiral or both chiral and achiral sensors for the stereoselective identification and dosing of chiral compounds. This review aims to illustrate a little-explored winning strategy in chiral sensing based on sensor arrays. This strategy mimics the functioning of natural olfactory systems that perceive some couples of enantiomeric compounds as distinctive odors (i.e., using an array of a considerable number of broad selective receptors). Thus, fundamental concepts related to the working principle of sensor arrays and the role of data analysis techniques and models have been briefly presented. After the discussion of existing examples in the literature using arrays for discriminating enantiomers and, in some cases, determining the enantiomeric excess, the remaining challenges and future directions are outlined for researchers interested in chiral sensing applications.