Dissertations / Theses: 'Exploitation e exploration'

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Atwi, Aliaa. "Exploration vs. exploitation in coupon personalization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115729.

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Thesis: Elec. E. in Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 51-52).
Personalized offers aim to maximize profit by taking into account customer preferences inferred from past purchase behavior. For large retailers with extensive product offerings, learning customer preferences can be challenging due to relatively short purchase histories of most customers. To alleviate the dearth of data, we propose exploiting similarities among products and among customers to reduce problem dimensions. We also propose that retailers use personalized offers not only to maximize expected profit, but to actively learn their customers' preferences. An offer that does not maximize expected profit given current information may still provide valuable insights about customer preferences. This information enables more profitable coupon allocation and higher profits in the long run. In this thesis we 1) derive approximate inference algorithms to learn customer preferences from purchase data in real time, 2) formulate the retailers' offer allocation problem as a multi armed bandit and explore solution strategies.
by Aliaa Atwi.
Elec. E. in Computer Science

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Adelsbo, Felix. "Exploration and Exploitation in Reinforcement Learning." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235841.

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In reinforcement learning there exists a dilemma of exploration versus exploitation. This has led to the development of methods that have di↵er- ent approaches to this. Using di↵erent types of methods, and modifying them in di↵erent ways can lead to di↵erent results. Knowledge of how di↵erent methods work can give knowledge of what should be used in aspecific case. Two ways that methods can be modified are change in adjustable pa- rameters and change in the number of steps of random actions at thebeginning. How much these two modifications e↵ect the results in a spe- cific environment may di↵er a lot, and can be a very critical thing to consider for certain results. The goal of this study is to answer the question of how the performance of the di↵erent methods such as random, greedy, ✏-greedy, ✏-decreasingand Softmax is a↵ected by di↵erent values of their adjustable parameters,and by the number of steps of random actions at the beginning. Thesimulations and a comparative analysis are conducted for the case of an inverted pendulum with a vertical pole placed on a moving cart.
Inom förstärkande inlärning existerar ett dilemma inom utforskningkontra utnyttjande. Detta har lett till utvecklandet av metoder som har olika tillvägagångssätt för detta. Att använda olika typer av metoder, och modifiera dem på olika sätt kan leda till olika resultat. Kunskap om hur olika metoder fungerar kan ge kunskap om vad som ska användas i ett specifikt fall.Två sätt som metoder kan modifieras är ändring i justerbara parametrar och ändring i antalet slumpmässiga steg i början. Hur mycket dessa två modifieringar påverkar resultatet i en specifik miljö kan skilja sig mycketåt, och kan vara en väldigt kritisk sak att betänka för ett visst resultat.Målet med denna studie är att besvara frågan om hur prestandan på de olika metoderna random, greedy, e- greedy e-decreasing och Softmax påverkas av olika värden på deras justerbara parametrar, och av antaletslumpmässiga steg i början. Simuleringarna och en jämförande analys utförs för fallet med en inverterad pendel med en vertikal stolpe placerad på en rörlig vagn.

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Bouhlel, Imen. "Essais sur le dilemme exploration-exploitation." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2019AZUR0037.

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Au cours des deux dernières décennies, de nombreux travaux empiriques ont mis en lumière des divergences dans les choix individuels lorsque ceux-ci sont faits à partir d’une description de l’espace des états du monde et de leurs probabilités sous-jacentes (decision from description), et lorsqu’ils résultent de l’expérimentation de cet espace via l’échantillonnage (decision from experience). En effet, dans le premier cas, l’individu dispose d’une connaissance parfaite de l’espace des états du monde. Par différence, dans le second cas, l’individu ne connaît pas à l’avance toutes les alternatives possibles ou/et leurs probabilités de survenance. Cette divergence entre les choix individuels observés dans ces deux configurations est communément qualifiée de description/experience gap. Le phénomène d’undersearch est l’une des causes avancées dans la littérature pour expliquer cet écart. Etant donnée l’importance de la question du choix en incertitude en économie, le processus de search mérite une attention plus approfondie. Cette thèse a pour but de contribuer à la littérature théorique et expérimentale qui étudie ce processus et le dilemme exploration-exploitation qui lui est inhérent, tant au niveau individuel que collectif. La thèse est composée de 3 essais combinant modélisation théorique, modélisation multi-agents, algorithmes évolutionnistes et expériences en laboratoire. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse examine les déterminants du processus de search dans le contexte d’un problème individuel d’arrêt optimal (optimal stopping problem). Les résultats obtenus montrent que ce processus dépend en grande partie du degré de certitude de l’information et que le regret et l’anticipation y jouent un rôle important. Le deuxième chapitre étudie le comportement de partage d’informations dans le cadre d’une recherche collective concurrentielle à l’aide de simulations multi-agents et d’algorithmes évolutionnistes. Il met en évidence l’existence de bénéfices individuels au partage, même lorsque les autres ne partagent pas en retour, à condition que deux mécanismes soient présents: l’imitation avec un certain niveau d’innovation et la visibilité locale. Le troisième chapitre teste et valide expérimentalement ces résultats et souligne le rôle crucial de l’apprentissage
A growing body of empirical evidence during the two last decades has been showing inconsistencies between individual choices when the individuals make decisions from description (i.e., when they are provided with a perfect knowledge about the states space, including all the possible outcomes, and the underlying probabilities), compared to when they make decisions from experience (i.e., when they do not know all the possible outcomes or/and their occurrence probabilities). These inconsistencies are referred to as the description/experience gap. Undersearch has been pointed out as one of the key determinants of this gap. Hence, even though little studied in economics, search becomes a central question, deserving serious interest. This thesis aims at contributing to the theoretical and experimental literature studying search and the related exploration-exploitation dilemma, both at the individual and at the collective level. The thesis is made of 3 essays, combining theoretical, agent-based modelling, evolutionary simulations and laboratory experiments. The first chapter of this thesis examines the determinants of search behavior in the context of an individual optimal stopping problem and shows that this behavior largely depends on the degree of certainty of the information, and is affected by both regret and anticipation. The second chapter investigates information sharing behavior in competitive collective search using agent-based and evolutionary simulations. It finds robust evidence for the individual benefits of sharing, even when others do not reciprocate, as long as two mechanisms as present: Imitation with a certain level of innovation and local visibility. The third chapter experimentally tests and supports the validity of theses results, and stresses the crucial role of learning

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Ozcan, Ozkan. "Balancing exploration and exploitation in agent learning." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5468.

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Controlling the ratio of exploration and exploitation in agent learning in dynamic environments is a continuing challenge in applying agent-learning techniques. Methods to control this ratio in a manner that mimics human behavior are required for use in the representation of human behavior in simulations, where the goal is to constrain agent-learning mechanisms in a manner similar to that observed in human cognition. The Cultural Geography (CG) model, under development in TRAC Monterey, is an agent-based social simulation. It simulates a wide variety of situations and scenarios so that a dynamic ratio between exploration and exploitation makes the decisions more sensible. As part of an attempt to improve the model, this thesis investigates enhancements to the exploration-exploitation balance by using different techniques. The work includes design of experiments with a range of factors in multiple environments and statistical analysis related to these experiments. As a main finding from this research, for small environments and for short runs techniques based on subjective utility give better results, while for long runs techniques based on time obtain higher utilities than other techniques. In more complex and bigger environments, a combined technique performed better in long runs.

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Lampela, T. (Teemu). "Modelling exploration and exploitation in organizational learning." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2019. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201904271553.

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Abstract. Simulations have been utilized in organizational learning research since the early 1960s. Despite organizational and management sciences being early adopters of the simulation-based research and theory construction and while other disciplines have begun to adopt simulations as part of their research the simulation-based research never reached its expected popularity in organizational- and management sciences despite its promising beginnings. The purpose of this bachelor’s thesis is to create a holistic view of simulation modelling in organizational and management sciences which will function as a basis for one of the most fundamental models in organizational knowledge research. In this work we will explore how the March (1991) simulation model and the article has evolved over the last three decades. By exploring the model this work will also create a comprehensive view about the development of organizational learning and the related concepts in the field as well as showcase the significance of simulation modelling as part of organizational learning development. At the center of this thesis however is the argument represented by the March (1991) simulation model about the fundamental competition for scarce resources between organizational exploration and exploitation and their impact in organization’s knowledge and performance rates. In this thesis we will create a comprehensive view of the supposed dilemma between exploration exploitation in organizational learning and offer suitable solutions for this problem based on simulation modelling and empirical research. As a part of this thesis I will construct a conceptual model that will function as a basis for a future reconstruction of the original March (1991) simulation model. The purpose of the reconstruction is to validate the original model as well as make the model more communicable, visualizable and updateable. The work will serve as an excellent basis for future extensions in to the model and offers a strong basis for future research into modelling in organizational- and management sciences.Tiivistelmä. Simulaatioita on hyödynnetty organisaatio oppimiseen liittyvässä tutkimuksessa 1960-luvulta saakka. Vaikka organisaatio- ja johtamistieteet olivat hyvin aikaisia simulaatiopohjaisen tutkimuksen ja teorian rakentamisen edelläkävijöitä ja samalla kun myös monet muut tieteenalat ovat alkaneet omaksumaan simulaatioiden hyödyntämisen tutkimuksessa eivät simulaatiot koskaan saavuttaneet oletettua suosiota organisaatio- ja johtamistieteissä lupaavasta alusta huolimatta. Tämän kandidaatintyön tarkoituksena on luoda kokonaisvaltainen kuva simulaatio- ja mallintamiskäytännöistä organisaatio- ja johtamistieteissä, joka toimii pohjana työssä tarkasteltavalle organisaatio oppimisen keskeisimmän mallin tarkastelulle ja sen kehitykselle viimeisen kolmen vuosikymmenen aikana. Mallin tarkastelun avulla luodaan myös kattava kuva organisaatioiden oppimiseen liittyvien ajatusten ja käsitteiden kehittymisestä sekä mikä rooli mallinnuksella on ollut osana organisaatio oppimisen kehitystä. Työn keskiössä on March (1991) esille nostama argumentti organisaatioiden resurssien kohdistamisesta olemassa olevan osaamisen ja teknologian hyödyntämisen (exploitation) ja uuteen teknologiaan ja osaamiseen liittyvän tutkimuksen (exploration) välillä. Työssä tarkastellaan organisaatioiden kykyä ja tarvetta tasapainotella edellä mainitun kahden resurssin välillä sekä niiden vaikutusta organisaatioiden osaamistasoon ja suorituskykyyn niin lyhyellä kuin pitkällä aikavälillä. Työssä luodaan laaja kokonaiskuva lyhyen- ja pitkän aikavälin hyödyn tavoittelun välisistä oletetuista ristiriidoista sekä tarjotaan mahdollisia ratkaisuja mallinnuksen ja empiirisen tutkimuksen pohjalta. Osana työtä rakennan konseptuaalisen mallin tarkastellun March (1991) mallin ja työssä tarkasteltujen töiden pohjalta, jonka tarkoituksena on toimia pohjana toteutettavalle mallin rekonstruktiolle. Mallin rekonstruktion tehtävänä on toimia validointina alkuperäiselle mallille sekä tehdä mallista helpommin kommunikoitava, visualisoitava ja uudelleenpäivitettävä. Työ tarjoaa erinomaisen pohjan mallin jatkokehitykselle ja mallinnukseen liittyvälle jatkotutkimukselle organisaatio- ja johtamistieteissä.

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Pickering, Andrew Christopher. "An empirical analysis of the exploitation of oil." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248158.

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Faroque, Anisur Rahman. "Network exploration and exploitation in international entrepreneurship: an opportunity-based view." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Management, Marketing & Entrepreneurship, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9639.

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International entrepreneurship (IE) exists at the interface of two distinct research fields - entrepreneurship and international business (IB). However, IE studies typically fail to integrate research from both fields, leaning much more towards IB. This study uses core concepts from entrepreneurship to explain the export performance of early internationalising firms. It contributes to the network and international opportunity-based view in IE by incorporating the twin concepts of exploration and exploitation into a dynamic capability perspective, showing how these affect export performance. While early internationalising firms including born globals constitute an important component in IE, empirical interest in this field focuses on high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries from developed countries. In addition, research in the field is mainly of qualitative nature investigating small numbers of firms. Therefore, much is unknown about how early internationalising firms differ in their dynamic network capabilities and opportunity related capabilities. We investigate these aspects using structural equation modelling based on a sample of 647 SMEs and large, young and mature export start-ups operating in the traditional low-tech apparel industry from a South Asian developing country (Bangladesh). This study shows that both network exploitation and exploration capabilities positively influence international opportunity exploitation and exploration capabilities. In turn, international opportunity exploitation and exploration capabilities influence export performance. This study also demonstrates that the relationship between network capabilities and export performance is both direct and indirect through the mediation of the twin international opportunity capabilities. The moderation analysis of firm age and size sheds additional light on the liabilities of newness and smallness of early internationalising firms. Interestingly, we find that the liabilities of smallness and newness do not have the same influence in different stages of IE. The role of firm size is more pronounced at the earlier stage of IE. In contrast, firm age accentuates in the later stage of the twin opportunity capabilities-export performance relationship. One possible explanation of this may be that developing and managing networks for the purpose of exploiting and exploring international opportunities is the most effortful and resource demanding stage in the entrepreneurial process. During this stage, owner-managers assess their own organisational resources, explore the possibilities of attracting external network resources and match their own resources with those of network partners. This stage reflects what is called "resource orchestration" in the strategic entrepreneurship literature. In the later stage, when opportunities are already developed and exploited, only minimal resources are then needed to achieve performance advantage. Age becomes a dominant factor because older firms derive greater performance advantage than younger firms due to their accumulated experience and learning throughout the years. This study indicates that firms may overcome their liability of smallness by connecting with new foreign partners, especially customers, resulting in more export orders. Policy makers can also help them connect with new partners by organising trade fairs, trade missions and sponsoring other promotion programmes. With respect to the liability of newness prevailing in the later stage, owner-managers should work with prominent business partners to help them get good referrals and overcome the lack of legitimacy in establishing new relations. Finally, the managers of early internationalising firms should be empowered to develop relationships with external partners.

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Liedholm, Johnson Eva. "Mineral Rights : Legal Systems Governing Exploration and Exploitation." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fastighetsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-12044.

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The objective of this thesis is to examine the legal procedures and systems concerning granting or possessing mineral rights, and how such rights may be exercised, particularly given the diametric interests of land use, ownership and land tenure. The study, comparative in its nature, aims at highlighting the similarities and differences between the countries and states of comparison, and thereby identify interesting solutions of issues relating to the granting and exercising of mineral rights. The study examines mineral rights and different legal systems regulating mineral exploration and exploitation. The focus is on mining and mineral legislation and its application, including the exercise of mineral rights. The systems chosen are those of Sweden, Finland and the states of Ontario and Western Australia. The main result is generated by the comparison dealing with the application, granting and possession of mineral rights related to the development of a mine. Several processes are thereby identified. In addition, the content and extent of the different rights and obligations related to exploration and exploitation activities are examined, as well as land areas open or closed for the exercise of these rights. The legal processes concerning granting mineral rights are in fact complex as evidenced by this work, particularly when land-use and environmental legislation is taken into account. The perception of a good balance in legislation between diametric interests of land use, ownership and land tenure is heavily linked to the view of sustainable development. The difficulties of achieving this are confirmed by the countries and states compared. The continuous change of mineral legislation during the course of this study is an indication of the complexity of the topic.
QC20100723

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Abeille, Marc. "Exploration-exploitation with Thompson sampling in linear systems." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10182/document.

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Cette thèse est dédiée à l'étude du Thompson Sampling (TS), une heuristique qui vise à surmonter le dilemme entre exploration et exploitation qui est inhérent à tout processus décisionnel face à l'incertain. Contrairement aux algorithmes issus de l'heuristique optimiste face à l'incertain (OFU), où l'exploration provient du choix du modèle le plus favorable possible au vu de la connaissance accumulée, les algorithmes TS introduisent de l'aléa dans le processus décisionnel en sélectionnant aléatoirement un modèle plausible, ce qui les rend bien moins coûteux numériquement. Cette étude se concentre sur les problèmes paramétriques linéaires, qui autorisent les espaces état-action continus (infinis), en particulier les problèmes de Bandits Linéaires (LB) et les problèmes de contrôle Linéaire et Quadratique (LQ). Nous proposons dans cette thèse de nouvelles analyses du regret des algorithmes TS pour chacun de ces deux problèmes. Bien que notre démonstration pour les LB garantisse une borne supérieure identique aux résultats préexistants, la structure de la preuve offre une nouvelle vision du fonctionnement de l'algorithme TS, et nous permet d'étendre cette analyse aux problèmes LQ. Nous démontrons la première borne supérieure pour le regret de l'algorithme TS dans les problèmes LQ, qui garantie dans le cadre fréquentiste un regret au plus d'ordre O(\sqrt{T}). Enfin, nous proposons une application des méthodes d'exploration-exploitation pour les problèmes d'optimisation de portefeuille, et discutons dans ce cadre le besoin ou non d'explorer activement
This dissertation is dedicated to the study of the Thompson Sampling (TS) algorithms designed to address the exploration-exploitation dilemma that is inherent in sequential decision-making under uncertainty. As opposed to algorithms derived from the optimism-in-the-face-of-uncertainty (OFU) principle, where the exploration is performed by selecting the most favorable model within the set of plausible one, TS algorithms rely on randomization to enhance the exploration, and thus are much more computationally efficient. We focus on linearly parametrized problems that allow for continuous state-action spaces, namely the Linear Bandit (LB) problems and the Linear Quadratic (LQ) control problems. We derive two novel analyses for the regret of TS algorithms in those settings. While the obtained regret bound for LB is similar to previous results, the proof sheds new light on the functioning of TS, and allows us to extend the analysis to LQ problems. As a result, we prove the first regret bound for TS in LQ, and show that the frequentist regret is of order O(sqrt{T}) which matches the existing guarantee for the regret of OFU algorithms in LQ. Finally, we propose an application of exploration-exploitation techniques to the practical problem of portfolio construction, and discuss the need for active exploration in this setting

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Shaposhnik, Yaron. "Exploration vs. exploitation : reducing uncertainty in operational problems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106681.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Operations Research Center, 2016.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 205-207).
Motivated by several core operational applications, we introduce a class of multistage stochastic optimization models that capture a fundamental tradeoff between performing work under uncertainty (exploitation) and investing resources to reduce the uncertainty in the decision making (exploration/testing). Unlike existing models, in which the exploration-exploitation tradeoffs typically relate to learning the underlying distributions, the models we introduce assume a known probabilistic characterization of the uncertainty, and focus on the tradeoff of learning exact realizations. In the first part of the thesis (Chapter 2), we study a class of scheduling problems that capture common settings in service environments in which the service provider must serve a collection of jobs that have a-priori uncertain processing times and priorities (modeled as weights). In addition, the service provider must decide how to dynamically allocate capacity between processing jobs and testing jobs to learn more about their respective processing times and weights. We obtain structural results of optimal policies that provide managerial insights, efficient optimal and near-optimal algorithms, and quantification of the value of testing. In the second part of the thesis (Chapter 3), we generalize the model introduced in the first part by studying how to prioritize testing when jobs have different uncertainties. We model difference in uncertainties using the convex order, a general relation between distributions, which implies that the variance of one distribution is higher than the variance of the other distribution. Using an analysis based on the concept of mean preserving local spread, we show that the structure of the optimal policy generalizes that of the initial model where jobs were homogeneous and had equal weights. Finally, in the third part of the thesis (Chapter 4), we study a broad class of stochastic combinatorial optimization that can be formulated as Linear Programs whose objective coefficients are random variables that can be tested, and whose constraint polyhedron has the structure of a polymatroid. We characterize the optimal policy and show that similar types of policies optimally govern testing decisions in this setting as well.
by Yaron Shaposhnik.
Ph. D.

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Edwards, James. "Exploration and exploitation in Bayes sequential decision problems." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2016. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/84589/.

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Bayes sequential decision problems are an extensive problem class with wide application. They involve taking actions in sequence in a system which has characteristics which are unknown or only partially known. These characteristics can be learnt over time as a result of our actions. Therefore we are faced with a trade-off between choosing actions that give desirable short term outcomes (exploitation) and actions that yield useful information about the system which can be used to improve longer term outcomes (exploration). Gittins indices provide an optimal method for a small but important subclass of these problems. Unfortunately the optimality of index methods does not hold generally and Gittins indices can be impractical to calculate for many problems. This has motivated the search for easy-to-calculate heuristics with general application. One such non-index method is the knowledge gradient heuristic. A thorough investigation of the method is made which identifies crucial weaknesses. Index and non-index variants are developed which avoid these weaknesses. The problem of choosing multiple website elements to present to user is an important problem relevant to many major web-based businesses. A Bayesian multi-armed bandit model is developed which captures the interactions between elements and the dual uncertainties of both user preferences and element quality. The problem has many challenging features but solution methods are proposed that are both easy to implement and which can be adapted to particular applications. Finally, easy-to-use software to calculate Gittins indices for Bernoulli and normal rewards has been developed as part of this thesis and has been made publicly available. The methodology used is presented together with a study of accuracy and speed.

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Bazzazian, Navid. "Essays in Employee Entrepreneurship." Thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHEC0015/document.

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Cette thèse rédigée sous la forme de trois articles explore les antécédents de l’entrepreneuriat, c’est à dire le choix d’individus de quitter leur travail salarié pour créer leur propre entreprise. Le premier chapitre examine les raisons pour lesquelles les entreprises les plus performantes génèrent plus d’entrepreneurs que leurs compétiteurs ne le font. Le deuxième chapitre étudie la relation entre l’appariement salarié-organisation sur le marché du travail et la transition vers l’entrepreneuriat. Au plan empirique, ces deux premiers chapitres exploitent une base de données sur le lien employeurs-employés en Suède (1990-2007) et s’appuient sur une méthodologie originale pour différencier les effets dus à la qualité individuelle du salarié, à la qualité de l’entreprise, et à l’appariement salarié-entreprise. Le troisième chapitre de cette thèse étudie au niveau organisationnel les effets des stratégies d’exploration/d’exploitation dans l’industrie des appareils médicaux. Cette thèse tend à montrer que le contexte ainsi que le processus d’appariement et de sélection jouent un rôle important dans le choix de devenir entrepreneur
This dissertation consists of three essays on employee entrepreneurship where some employees leave paid employment to start their own business. In particular I examine the antecedents of such entrepreneurial transitions from contextual and individual perspectives. In the first essay I examine why historically best performing firms generate more entrepreneurs than other firms. In thesecond essay I investigate the relationship between matching in the labor market and entrepreneurial transition of employees. The empirical setting of the first two essays is the whole population of Swedish workers from 1990 to 2007. In the third essay I investigate the effect of organizational exploration and exploitation on employee entrepreneurship in medical devices industry. The overall conclusion of this dissertation is that context matters for entrepreneurship. In addition, sorting in the labor market and fit between an employer and employee determine who becomes an entrepreneur

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Puhan, Tatjana-Xenia. "Balancing exploration and exploitation by creating organizational think tanks." Wiesbaden Betriebswirtschaftlicher Verl. Gabler, 2007. http://d-nb.info/987457306/04.

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Golder, Peter Thomas. "Exploitation and exploration of advanced technology in financial institutions." Thesis, City University London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389547.

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Hess, Michael. "Network Frontier: Reframing Exploration and Exploitation in Internet Rhetoric." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19198.

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The Internet is a product of the organizational structure of the Office of Science and Research Development, scientific corporate liberalism of Vannevar Bush's post-WWII policies, the process-oriented rhetoric in Science: The Endless Frontier, and Kennedy's commitment to the New Frontier. This thesis first examines the network infrastructure and then the Web in succession, following the common use of the metaphor, which moved from the rhetoric of science in the 1940s to a metaphor that financially and ideologically supported the Pentagon's Advanced Research Project Agency infrastructure in the 1960s and then finally created the value-laden features of the Internet, cyberspace, and its culture in the 1990s. This thesis connects the stages of development of the Internet to uses of the frontier in political rhetoric.

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Bell, Alexander. "Studies on exploration and exploitation : concepts, roles and dynamics." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED077.

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L’intensité concurrentielle et les évolutions technologiques n’ont jamais été aussi intenses. Aussi, les entreprises en quête de pérennité sont-elles de plus en plus confrontées à une nécessité d’exploiter leurs activités actuelles et d’explorer des activités futures. Or la gestion de ce double impératif est loin d’être évidente, générant potentiellement d’importantes tensions au sein des entreprises. Bien que la recherche en management ait permis de mieux appréhender cette tension d’Exploration/Exploitation, il reste des zones de contradiction et des espaces non explorés. En particulier, il n’y a pas de consensus sur les définitions des concepts d’exploration et d’exploitation, ne permettant pas ainsi de garantir une certaine cohérence dans la recherche (Birkinshaw & Gupta, 2013). D’autre part, la tension Exploration/Exploitation n’a que très peu été étudiée dans le contexte des jeunes entreprises de croissance - également appelées « scale-up » - qui ont la particularité d’être exposées à de forts enjeux de survie. Ainsi, afin de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des problématiques que soulève cette tension au sein de celles-ci, un format de thèse sur travaux, comprenant trois études complémentaires, est adopté.Au préalable, afin de cadrer conceptuellement la thèse, je réponds, dans une première étude, à l’appel des chercheurs pour la clarification des concepts d’exploration et d’exploitation en proposant une typologie d’exploration. Puis, par l’intermédiaire d’une approche multi-cas longitudinale menée auprès de huit jeunes entreprises de croissance, j’explore tout d’abord, dans une deuxième étude, les facteurs influençant les orientations stratégiques des entreprises quant à leurs activités d’exploration et d’exploitation. Enfin, dans la troisième étude, je cherche à comprendre comment le fonctionnement des équipes de direction définit les rôles de chacun dans les activités d’exploration et d’exploitation
Competition and technological change have never been as intense as they are today. To survive, companies must increasingly carry out current activities at the same time that they explore future ones. It is no easy task to operate on both of these fronts, and doing so is a potential source of tension and contradiction. Although management research has provided insight into the exploration and exploitation tension, there are still contradictions and unexplored areas. In particular, there is no consensus on the definition of the concepts of exploration and exploitation, which means the research lacks a certain level of consistency. In addition, there has been very little attention paid to the Exploration/Exploitation tension in the context of young, growing “scale-up” companies, which are particularly exposed to threats to their survival. To obtain a better understanding of the situations this tension causes in these companies, we have adopted a multi-paper dissertation consisting of three complementary studies.In the first study, to create a conceptual framework for the thesis, we answer researchers’ call for a clarification of the concepts of exploration and exploitation by proposing a typology of exploration. Then, based on a longitudinal, multi-case approach focused on eight scale-up companies, we first explore, in a second study, the factors influencing firms’ strategic orientations vis-à-vis exploration and exploitation activities. Finally, in the third study, we seek to understand how management teams define their individual roles with respect to exploration and exploitation activities

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Bailey, Jennifer. "Synchronizing exploration and exploitation: knowledge creation challenges in innovation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50378.

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Innovation requires an ambidextrous knowledge creation strategy, which is defined as the simultaneous pursuit of both exploration and exploitation. A temporal ambidexterity strategy is one in which an organizational unit dynamically balances its investments in exploration and exploitation over time. This thesis provides new insights on various factors which should be considered when developing and executing a temporal ambidexterity strategy. In the Essay 1, I empirically examine the impact of exploration, exploitation and learning from cumulative innovation experience on the likelihood of successfully versus unsuccessfully generating a breakthrough innovation. The data sample, based on patents in the biomedical device industry, is drawn from the National Bureau of Economic Research patents database. I demonstrate three important tenets for developing a theory of temporal ambidexterity. First, I confirm, as conceptually expected, that when pursued independently, exploration and exploitation have opposing variance-generating versus variance-reducing impacts on innovation performance, respectively. Second, I find that when pursued jointly exploration and exploitation have a negative interaction effect on innovation performance. Third, I show that the benefits of ambidexterity accrue in the long-term, as a result of learning from prior failure experience. However, I demonstrate that prior failure experience and exploitation are jointly necessary, but not independently sufficient, for learning from failure to occur. In Essay 2, I introduce a dynamic optimization model of temporal ambidexterity. I examine the optimal sequencing of exploration and exploitation knowledge creation activities throughout the innovation process. I consider how an innovation manager’s optimal dynamic investments in exploration and exploitation are driven by the innovation team’s knowledge creation capabilities and prior innovation experience, and by the manager’s short-term and long-term innovation risk objectives. The results demonstrate the conditions under which various temporal ambidexterity strategies endogenously arise. Finally, in Essay 3, I extend the single firm model introduced in Essay 2, to develop a model of temporal ambidexterity for two firms jointly pursuing knowledge creation and knowledge-sharing under co-opetition. Here, I consider how co-opetition, that is, cooperative knowledge-sharing with a competitor, impacts a firm’s optimal ambidextrous knowledge creation strategy. I consider two-way knowledge sharing, and I assume that each firm freely reveals its knowledge to its competitor, without receiving compensation. The dynamic analytical results contribute to the open questions regarding optimal knowledge-sharing strategies under co-opetition, by demonstrating under what conditions knowledge-sharing with a co-opetitive partner is beneficial. Importantly, I also analytically examine the factors which drive empirically observed alliance dysfunctions, wherein organizations delay knowledge-sharing and withhold information from their alliance partners.

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Odder, Sabina Marie Louise, and Paulina Pero. "Vad händer om de ständiga förbättringarna tar slut? : En fallstudie av en utvecklingsorienterad organisation." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-27439.

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Vad händer om de ständiga förbättringarna tar slut? Förmågan att ständigt utvecklas och förändras har i vårt samhälle och inom den svenska industrin blivit en allt viktigare konkurrensfördel för att skapa framgångsrika organisationer. Marknadsförändringar förekommer numera i en alltmer progressiv takt och det framstår att organisationer med ett gott kreativt klimat förmår att skapa goda förutsättningar för att hantera omvärldens föränderlighet. Kärnan för industriella organisationer är ytterst att upprätthålla en accepterad produktionstakt och samtidigt skapa ett kreativt klimat som ger goda förutsättningar för att utveckling kan frodas. Det råder en enighet om att organisationer med ett gott kreativt klimat som ger medarbetare stöd, möjlighet och utrymme att omsätta idéer till verklig nytta, skapar goda förutsättningar för organisationers utvecklingsförmåga. Lösningen blir således organisationers interna kreativa klimat och hur förutsättningar för att förhålla sig utvecklingsorienterad skapas, i en alltmer föränderlig miljö, med en tro på den enskilda medarbetares förmåga att ständigt utvecklas. Organisationer har således mycket att vinna på att förstå och kontinuerligt mäta skillnaden mellan det rådande kreativa klimatet och det eftertraktade klimatet. Syftet med den här fallstudien är att mäta en svensk industris kreativa klimat och undersöka vilka hinder och möjligheter organisationens ledare och medarbetare upplever i utvecklingsarbetet. Ett sekundärt syfte är att bidra till en ökad förståelse av förutsättningarna för en utvecklingsorienterad organisation i en industriell kontext genom att undersöka, utvärdera och analysera komplexiteten av utvecklingsarbetet. Studien visar en diskrepans i det kreativa klimatet mellan organisationens befintliga avdelningar och uppmuntrar till ytterligare forskning för att åskådliggöra de kausala relationerna.

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Asree, Susita. "Challenges in the Global Supply Chain: Exploitation versus Exploration Strategy." Toledo, Ohio : University of Toledo, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1271874448.

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Dissertation (Ph.D.)--University of Toledo, 2010.
Typescript. "Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Doctor of Philosophy in Manufacturing Management and Engineering." "A dissertation entitled"--at head of title. Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: p. 158-180.

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Schläpfer, Jörg. "Exploitation vs. Exploration Organization Development in the European Insurance Industry /." St. Gallen, 2006. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/03601648001/$FILE/03601648001.pdf.

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Warlop, Romain. "Novel learning and exploration-exploitation methods for effective recommender systems." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I056/document.

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Cette thèse, réalisée en entreprise en tant que thèse CIFRE dans l'entreprise fifty-five, étudie les algorithmes des systèmes de recommandation. Nous avons proposé trois nouveaux algorithmes améliorant l'état de l'art que ce soit en termes de performance ou de prise en compte des contraintes industrielles. Pour cela nous avons proposé un premier algorithme basé sur la factorisation de tenseur, généralisation de la factorisation de matrice couramment appliquée en filtrage collaboratif.Nous avons ensuite proposé un algorithme permettant d'améliorer l'état de l'art des solutions de complétion de paniers. L'objectif des algorithmes de complétion de paniers est de proposer à l'utilisateur un nouveau produit à ajouter au panier qu'il/elle est en train d'acheter permettant ainsi d'augmenter la valeur d'un utilisateur. Pour cela nous nous sommes appuyés sur les processus ponctuels déterminantal. Nous avons généralisé l'approche de la complétion de paniers par DPP en utilisant une approche tensorielle. Enfin nous avons proposé un algorithme d'apprentissage par renforcement permettant d'alterner entre différents algorithmes de recommandation. En effet, utiliser toujours le même algorithme peut avoir tendance à ennuyer l'utilisateur pendant un certain temps, ou à l'inverse lui donner de plus en plus confiance en l'algorithme. Ainsi la performance d'un algorithme donné n'est pas stationnaire et dépend de quand et à quelle fréquence celui-ci a été utilisé. Notre algorithme d'apprentissage par renforcement apprend en temps réel à alterner entre divers algorithmes de recommandations dans le but de maximiser les performances sur le long terme
This thesis, written in a company as a CIFRE thesis in the company fifty-five, studies recommender systems algorithms. We propose three new algorithms that improved over state-of-the-art solutions in terms of performance or matching industrial constraints. To that end, we proposed a first algorithm based on tensor factorization, a generalization of matrix factorization, commonly used on collaborative filtering. We then proposed a new algorithm that improves basket completion state-of-the-art algorithms. The goal of basket completion algorithms is to recommend a new product to a given user based on the products she is about to purchase in order to increase the user value. To that end we leverage Determinantal Point Processes, i.e., probability measure where the probability to observe a given set is proportional to the determinant of a kernel matrix. We generalized DPP approaches for basket completion using a tensor point of view coupled with a logistic regression. Finally, we proposed a reinforcement learning algorithm that allows to alternate between several recommender systems algorithms. Indeed, using always the same algorithm may either bore the user for a while or reinforce her trust in the system. Thus, the algorithm performance is not stationary and depends on when and how much the algorithm has been used in the past. Our reinforcement learning algorithm learns in real time how to alternate between several recommender system algorithms in order to maximize long term performances, that is in order to keep the user interested in the system as long as possible

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Johnston, Iain G. "Exploration, exploitation & complexity in biological evolution and self-assembly." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9dbf2fdc-219b-48dd-8bb7-2c6031070dc1.

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Self-assembly --- by which ordered structures spontaneously emerge from disordered components --- and biological evolution --- by which Charles Darwin's "endless forms most beautiful" have emerged from the simple chemistry of prehistoric Earth --- may both be pictured as search processes on high-dimensional landscapes, defined respectively by the concepts of energy and fitness. The rich dynamics of these search processes will be studied in order to explain biologically observed features of self-assembly and evolution. This study will introduce and analyse the behaviour of a model for a paradigmatic example of self-assembly, the icosahedral virus capsid, a symmetric structure formed from interacting protein subunits. Results for the thermodynamics and kinetics of model virus assembly will be presented, and the model will be extended to include complicating effects such as different subunit types and cellular crowding. A more general formalism for analysing self-assembling systems will then be introduced and used to suggest a well-defined complexity measure of universal applicability to self-assembled structures. The biological evolution of simple self-assembling structures will be studied using genetic algorithms. The suitability of this modelling approach and its dependence on the many parameters involved will be investigated. Several active areas of enquiry in the field of evolution, including the evolution of complexity, the presence and effect of neutral networks, fluctuations in evolutionary time series and the emergence of symmetry will be investigated within this framework. Throughout this study, we will use the picture of "exploration and exploitation": different approaches to performing optimisation on an unknown landscape, essentially corresponding to a random search and a hill-climbing approach respectively . We will show that, both in self-assembly and evolution, finding an optimal combination of these two approaches gives rise to many of the observed features in this study.

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Leks, Klaudia, and Valquiria Jablinski. "The transition from exploitation to exploration in young entrepreneurial firms." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-354062.

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Xiao, Song. "Balancing exploration and exploitation in robust multiobjective electromagnetic design optimisation." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/370598/.

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Design optimisation of electromagnetic and electromechanical devices is usually aided by numerical simulations, such as the finite element method, which often carry high computational costs, especially if three-dimensional transient modelling is required. Thus in addition to the task of finding the global optimum, while avoiding local minima traps, there is the additional requirement of achieving the final solution efficiently with as few objective function evaluations as possible. With this in mind several surrogate modelling techniques have been developed to replace, under controlled environment, the computationally expensive accurate field modelling by fast approximate substitutes. This thesis looks at a particular technique known as kriging, which in other applications has been demonstrated to provide accurate representations, even of complicated responses, based on a limited set of observations whilst providing an error estimate of the predictions and hence increasing the confidence in the answer. In the iterative optimisation process the critical issue is where to position the next point for evaluation to find a sensible compromise between conflicting goals to explore the search space thoroughly but at the same time exploit information already available. This thesis proposes several novel algorithms based on reinforcement learning theory using the concept of rewards for balancing exploration and exploitation automatically and adaptively. The performance of these algorithms has been assessed comprehensively using carefully selected test functions and real engineering problems (taken from TEAM workshops) and compared with the results published in literature. The kriging approach has generally been found to outperform significantly other available methods. One of the practical limitations, however, was found to be large-scale multi-dimensional or multi-objective tasks because of the need to create special correlation matrices for the kriging predictions to work. Several techniques have been developed and implemented to alleviate such problems and control the memory space occupied by such matrices. Finally, in practical design problems, the issue of robustness of the design has to be considered – related to manufacturing tolerances, material variability, etc – which requires the designer not only to find the theoretical optimum but also assess its quality (sensitivity) within specified uncertainties of variables. Several strategies for evaluation of design robustness assisted by kriging modelling have been developed and implemented in combination with commercial electromagnetic design software.

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Leloup, Benoît. "L'incertitude de deuxième ordre en économie : le compromis "exploration-exploitation"." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DENS0013.

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Hayashi, Shogo. "Information Exploration and Exploitation for Machine Learning with Small Data." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263774.

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Booth, Ramie. "Exploring the paradox of managerial ambidexterity in exploitation versus exploration." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64875.

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To remain competitive organisations, need to exploit their existing capabilities and knowledge bases to ensure efficiency. But, in dynamic and competitive environments the firm must also innovate, exploring new capabilities and knowledge to renew. The survival of the firm, in the long term, depends on its ability to achieve ambidexterity, to successfully achieve both activities; reconciling the dilemma of exploitation (efficiency) and exploration (innovation). Individual organisational actors are increasingly recognised as a significant source of organisational ambidexterity. Despite its importance managerial ambidexterity remains a fragmented and incompletely understood phenomenon in academic literature. This study examined how the individual manager can best resolve the dilemma of exploitation versus exploration; namely, should it be a balance through trade-off or a paradoxical combination. A qualitative, exploratory research study was conducted to examine the lived experience of the individual managersÕ quandary of balancing exploitation and exploration. Eighteen semi-structured, in-depth face to face interviews were conducted with Senior and Middle Managers. Participants were from two Multi-National Enterprises known for excelling in both exploitation and exploration globally and operating in the industrials sector, within the South African context. Each interview was analysed using combined inductive and deductive thematic content and frequency analysis techniques. The research identifies a holistic view of the multi-level factors that enable and inhibit individual managers ability to perform exploitation and exploration separately and as combined activities. A process of dynamic sense making is identified with managers resolving the tension of simultaneous demands for exploitation and exploration through dynamic self-adjustment. Managers use a combination of synthesis, temporal cycling and spatial delegation mechanisms to achieve managerial ambidexterity. The core competencies identified as necessary namely, problem solving leading to change management, team leadership, influence and persuasion and emotional intelligence are key elements in the process model.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
pa2018
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
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Sykulski, Adam M. "The exploration-exploitation trade-off in sequential decision making problems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9073.

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Sequential decision making problems require an agent to repeatedly choose between a series of actions. Common to such problems is the exploration-exploitation trade-off, where an agent must choose between the action expected to yield the best reward (exploitation) or trying an alternative action for potential future benefit (exploration). The main focus of this thesis is to understand in more detail the role this trade-off plays in various important sequential decision making problems, in terms of maximising finite-time reward. The most common and best studied abstraction of the exploration-exploitation trade-off is the classic multi-armed bandit problem. In this thesis we study several important extensions that are more suitable than the classic problem to real-world applications. These extensions include scenarios where the rewards for actions change over time or the presence of other agents must be repeatedly considered. In these contexts, the exploration-exploitation trade-off has a more complicated role in terms of maximising finite-time performance. For example, the amount of exploration required will constantly change in a dynamic decision problem, in multiagent problems agents can explore by communication, and in repeated games, the exploration-exploitation trade-off must be jointly considered with game theoretic reasoning. Existing techniques for balancing exploration-exploitation are focused on achieving desirable asymptotic behaviour and are in general only applicable to basic decision problems. The most flexible state-of-the-art approaches, έ-greedy and έ-first, require exploration parameters to be set a priori, the optimal values of which are highly dependent on the problem faced. To overcome this, we construct a novel algorithm, έ-ADAPT, which has no exploration parameters and can adapt exploration on-line for a wide range of problems. έ-ADAPT is built on newly proven theoretical properties of the έ-first policy and we demonstrate that έ-ADAPT can accurately learn not only how much to explore, but also when and which actions to explore.

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Santos, Fábia Maria Silva Lins dos. "Exploration e exploitation na estratégia de diversificação da indústria sucroalcooleira paulista." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2007. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/676.

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Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
Traditionally, the sugar cane sector is commodities industry and rarely innovate its portfolio, although researches have shown that some firms inside the sector have been using portfolio diversification strategies in the search of growth. Inside these strategies, the firms have made choices to: prospect new knowledge (exploration) or take advantage of not utilized competencies (exploitation). The use of knowledge is part of sectoral systems of innovation due to actors and institutions interaction. Using an exploratory and multicase and multistrategy study, this project wants to verify which processes exploration or exploitation is predominant on diversification strategy of sugar cane firms. The main contribution of this study are related to three main objectives: (1) identify characteristics of diversification in the sugar cane plants; (2) distinguish the processes of exploration and exploitation in these plants; (3) present evidences that support the presupposition of sugar cane sector being a sectoral systems of innovation. The results have shown that, from a total of nine firms, eight of them developed diversification strategies, related to Penrose (1959) classification of diversification. All of them participated in the sectoral systems of innovation, interacting in major or minor degree. All researched firms presented process related to exploitation, but their punctuation in exploration may explain their search for diversification. The high punctuation at exploration of some firms suggests it may be an explanation of their differentiated portfolio. Furthermore they showed intensive interaction with universities and research entities, in the search for new knowledge. These findings where consistent with the main objective defined in this project. It is expected that the present study might support future researches upon knowledge generation in firms oriented to diversification strategies.
Tradicionalmente, o setor sucroalcooleiro é um produtor de commodities e raramente inova sua carteira de produtos, embora algumas pesquisas demonstrem que firmas dentro do setor têm usado estratégia(s) de diversificação destas carteiras para buscar crescimento. Para atingir esta(s) estratégia(s), as firmas fazem escolhas entre: prospectar conhecimento novo (exploration) ou aproveitar competências não utilizadas (exploitation). O uso do conhecimento é característico dos sistemas setoriais de inovação devido à interação entre seus atores e instituições. Através de um estudo exploratório, mediante a aplicação de estudo multicasos e pesquisa de múltipla estratégia (quantitativa e qualitativa), buscou-se verificar qual dos processos exploration ou exploitation predomina na estratégia de diversificação das firmas sucroalcooleiras. As principais contribuições deste estudo relacionaram-se a três objetivos específicos: (1) identificar características de diversificação presentes nas usinas estudadas; (2) caracterizar os processos de exploration e exploitation nessas usinas; (3) apresentar argumentos que suportem o pressuposto de que o setor sucroalcooleiro é um sistema setorial de inovação. Os resultados apontaram que oito entre nove usinas pesquisadas apresentaram algum tipo de diversificação, de acordo com a classificação de Penrose (1959). Todas as usinas apresentaram participação no sistema setorial em menor ou maior grau e processos voltados à exploitation, mas observou-se que a pontuação em exploration pode ser um fator que explica a busca pela diversificação produtiva. As usinas com valores altos em exploration foram aquelas que apresentaram uma carteira de produtos diferenciada e também nas quais observou-se uma interação maior com universidades e entidades de pesquisa, buscando a prospecção do conhecimento. Espera-se que o presente estudo possa apoiar futuras pesquisas sobre geração de conhecimento em firmas voltadas a estratégias de diversificação.

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Tokic, Michel [Verfasser]. "Reinforcement Learning mit adaptiver Steuerung von Exploration und Exploitation / Michel Tokic." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften und Informatik, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1044350180/34.

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Prange, Christiane, and Bodo B. Schlegelmilch. "The Role of Ambidexterity in Marketing Strategy Implementation: Resolving the Exploration-Exploitation Dilemma." SpringerOpen, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03342712.

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Formulating consistent marketing strategies is a difficult task, but successfully implementing them is even more challenging. This is even more pertinent as marketing strategies quite often incorporate inherent conflicts between major breakthroughs and consolidation. Consequently, marketers need to balance exploratory and exploitative strategies. However, the literature lacks concrete insights for marketing managers as to how exploratory and exploitative strategies can be best combined. This paper addresses this issue by introducing a framework of multiple types of ambidexterity. Based on qualitative research, tools and procedures are identified to overcome marketing dilemmas and support strategy implementation by drawing on ambidextrous designs. (authors' abstract)

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Nishimura, Camila dos Santos. "Orientação individual para exploração (exploration) e explotação (exploitation) e prontidão para tecnologia." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2013. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/595.

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This dissertation involved four constructs in organizational strategy area: exploration, exploitation, ambidexterity and technology readiness. The main objective was to evaluate the degree of association between exploration, exploitation, ambidexterity and technology readiness. To achieve this main objective it was developed a quantitative research study with students as unity of analysis. The research was conducted in Business Administration and International Business courses in a private university located in São Paulo city. The questionnaire was developed using two scales. The first one was adapted for the measurement of the guidelines for exploration and exploitation developed by Popadiuk (2012) and the other scale was developed by Parasuraman (2000) to measure technology readiness index. To describe results, it was used descriptive statistics. The research hypothesis was related to the comparison between means of the technology readiness index according to individual orientation to exploration, exploitation or ambidexterity. Structural equation modeling method and ANOVA analysis was used and applied by the PLS PM technique for checking and comparing the relationship between the constructs. The results showed that is possible to develop a scale for measurement exploration, exploitation or ambidexterity individual orientation based on model developed by Popadiuk (2012) and using a competency model proposed by Cheetam e Chivers (2005) as base of desired transposition. The statistical analysis results, based on 392 answered questionnaires, confirmed that some dimensions of technology readiness construct can vary by individual orientation to explorer, exploiter or ambidexterity.
Esta dissertação envolveu quatro construtos da área de estratégia organizacional: exploração , explotação , ambidestria e prontidão para tecnologia . O objetivo principal foi avaliar o grau de associação entre orientação individual para exploração , explotação e ambidestria e a prontidão para tecnologia . Para o atingimento deste objetivo foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa de caráter quantitativo, tendo como nível de análise alunos de graduação dos cursos de administração de empresas e comércio internacional de uma universidade privada localizada na cidade de São Paulo/SP. O questionário utilizado na pesquisa envolveu a utilização de duas escalas. Uma para a mensuração das orientações para exploração e explotação, baseada no modelo desenvolvido por Popadiuk (2012) e a outra referente à mensuração prontidão para tecnologia, desenvolvida por Parasuraman (2000). As análises estatísticas relativas aos objetivos foram de caráter descritivo. A hipótese de pesquisa foi baseada na comparação dos valores médios das avaliações de prontidão para tecnologia , segundo a categoria individual de orientação: exploradora, explotadora ou ambidestra. Para isso, a técnica utilizada envolveu a Modelagem de Equações Estruturais, mediante o software PLS-PM e a análise de variância ANOVA. Os resultados demonstraram que é possível realizar a transposição das dimensões propostas por Popadiuk (2012) do contexto organizacional para o nível individual, utilizando-se como norteador para esta transposição o modelo de competências proposto por Cheetam e Chivers (2005). Adicionalmente, a análise estatística dos dados, obtidos a partir de uma amostra de 392 questionários respondidos, permite identificar que algumas das dimensões da prontidão para tecnologia, conforme proposto por Parasuraman (2000) apresentam médias significantemente diferentes de acordo com o perfil individual para exploração, explotação ou ambidestria.

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Simoncini, David. "Sélection topologique dans les algorithmes évolutionnaires cellulaires : étude du compromis exploration exploitation." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4079.

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Les algorithmes évolutionnaires sont des méthodes d'optimisation approchées manipulant une population de solutions. Leur fonctionnement s'inspire de la théorie de l'évolution de Darwin. L'application combinée d'opérateurs stochastiques et de mécanismes de sélection permet de renouveler la population en explorant l'espace de recherche et en exploitant la qualité des solutions déjà découvertes. La vitesse de convergence d'un algorithme évolutionnaire dépend de sa capacité à générer de nouvelles solutions performantes en se dirigeant vers des régions prometteuses de l'espace de recherche et de celles des solutions à survivre en fonction de leur qualité déterminée par la pression de sélection. Celle-ci permet de contrôler le compromis entre exploration et exploitation et d'éviter une convergence prématurée vers un optimum local. Les algorithmes évolutionnaires cellulaires introduisent une notion de voisinage géographique en structurant spatialement les solutions sur une grille. Cela permet d'ajouter un niveau topologique entre les niveaux phénotypique et génotypique. Dans ce contexte, nous définissons de nouvelles méthodes de sélection permettant à l'aide d'un paramètre continu et borné de contrôler la topologie et ainsi d'obtenir des dynamiques plus complexes. Plutôt que de restreindre les solutions à évoluer sur une grille régulière où chaque cellule est indifférenciée, nous proposons d'enrichir la topologie en introduisant des notions d'anisotropie et de localité. Nous étudions l'influence de la sélection topologique sur la préservation de la diversité génotypique. Les expériences menées sur deux classes de problèmes NP-complets montrent que la prise en compte d'un point de vue topologique permet d'obtenir un bon équilibre entre exploration et exploitation. Dans le but d'étudier la dynamique de recherche et en particulier d'analyser l'efficacité des compromis observés, nous définissons un modèle théorique basé sur la notion d'équilibres ponctués. Enfin, nous proposons des algorithmes de contrôle utilisant la sélection topologique afin de réguler dynamiquement la pression de sélection et ainsi de gérer le rapport entre phases d'exploration et d'exploitation sans connaissance a priori sur les problèmes étudiés
Evolutionary algorithms are stochastic optimization methods manipulating a population of solutions. Their behaviour is inspired by Darwin's theory of evolution. The combined application of stochastic operators and selection mechanisms allow renewing the population by exploring the search space and exploiting the already found solutions. The convergence speed of an evolutionary algorithm relies on its ability to generate efficient solutions by leading the search toward promising regions of the search space, and the ability of solutions to survive according to their fitness defined by the selective pressure. The latter allows dealing with the exploration / exploitation trade-off and prevents the algorithm from converging prematurely toward a local optimum. Evolutionary cellular algorithms introduce a notion of geographical neighborhood by embedding the solution on a grid. This adds a topological level between the phenotypical and genotypical ones. In this context, we define new selection methods that allow controlling the topology and obtain complex dynamics thanks to a single continuous and bounded parameter. Instead of restricting solutions to evolve on a uniform grid, we propose to enhance the topology with notions of anisotropy and locality. We study the influence of the topological selection on the preservation of genotypic diversity. Experiences made on two classes of NP-complete problems show that taking into account the topological level leads to a fine equilibrium between exploration and exploitation. In order to study the search dynamic and especially to analyze the efficiency of the observed trade-offs, we define a model based on the notion of punctuated equilibria. Finally, we propose adaptive algorithms in the intent of dynamically controlling the selective pressure and thus dealing with the relation between exploration and exploitation phases without any knowledge on the studied problems

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Fruit, Ronan. "Exploration-exploitation dilemma in reinforcement learning under various form of prior knowledge." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I086.

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Combinés à des réseaux de neurones profonds ("Deep Neural Networks"), certains algorithmes d'apprentissage par renforcement tels que "Q-learning" ou "Policy Gradient" sont désormais capables de battre les meilleurs joueurs humains à la plupart des jeux de console Atari ainsi qu'au jeu de Go. Malgré des résultats spectaculaires et très prometteurs, ces méthodes d'apprentissage par renforcement dit "profond" ("Deep Reinforcement Learning") requièrent un nombre considérable d'observations pour apprendre, limitant ainsi leur déploiement partout où l'obtention de nouveaux échantillons s'avère coûteuse. Le manque d'efficacité de tels algorithmes dans l'exploitation des échantillons peut en partie s'expliquer par l'utilisation de réseaux de neurones profonds, connus pour être très gourmands en données. Mais il s'explique surtout par le recours à des algorithmes de renforcement explorant leur environnement de manière inefficace et non ciblée. Ainsi, des algorithmes tels que Q-learning ou encore Policy-Gradient exécutent des actions partiellement randomisées afin d'assurer une exploration suffisante. Cette stratégie est dans la plupart des cas inappropriée pour atteindre un bon compromis entre l'exploration indispensable à la découverte de nouvelles régions avantageuses (aux récompenses élevées), et l'exploitation de régions déjà identifiées comme telles. D'autres approches d'apprentissage par renforcement ont été développées, pour lesquelles il est possible de garantir un meilleur compromis exploration-exploitation, parfois proche de l'optimum théorique. Cet axe de recherche s'inspire notamment de la littérature sur le cas particulier du problème du bandit manchot, avec des algorithmes s'appuyant souvent sur le principe "d'optimisme dans l'incertain". Malgré les nombreux travaux sur le compromis exploration-exploitation, beaucoup dequestions restent encore ouvertes. Dans cette thèse, nous nous proposons de généraliser les travaux existants sur le compromis exploration-exploitation à des contextes différents, avec plus ou moins de connaissances a priori. Nous proposons plusieurs améliorations des algorithmes de l'état de l'art ainsi qu'une analyse théorique plus fine permettant de répondre à plusieurs questions ouvertes sur le compromis exploration-exploitation. Nous relâchons ensuite l'hypothèse peu réaliste (bien que fréquente) selon laquelle il existe toujours un chemin permettant de relier deux régions distinctes de l'environnement. Le simple fait de relâcher cette hypothèse permet de mettre en lumière l'impact des connaissances a priori sur les limites intrinsèques du compromis exploration-exploitation. Enfin, nous montrons comment certaines connaissances a priori comme l'amplitude de la fonction valeur ou encore des ensembles de macro-actions peuvent être exploitées pour accélérer l'apprentissage. Tout au long de cette thèse, nous nous sommes attachés à toujours tenir compte de la complexité algorithmique des différentes méthodes proposées. Bien que relativement efficaces, tous les algorithmes présentés nécessitent une phase de planification et souffrent donc du problème bien connu du "fléau de la dimension", ce qui limite fortement leur potentiel applicatif (avec les méthodes actuelles). L'objectif phare des présents travaux est d'établir des principes généraux pouvant être combinés avec des approches plus heuristiques pour dépasser les limites des algorithmes actuels
In combination with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), several Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms such as "Q-learning" of "Policy Gradient" are now able to achieve super-human performaces on most Atari Games as well as the game of Go. Despite these outstanding and promising achievements, such Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms require millions of samples to perform well, thus limiting their deployment to all applications where data acquisition is costly. The lack of sample efficiency of DRL can partly be attributed to the use of DNNs, which are known to be data-intensive in the training phase. But more importantly, it can be attributed to the type of Reinforcement Learning algorithm used, which only perform a very inefficient undirected exploration of the environment. For instance, Q-learning and Policy Gradient rely on randomization for exploration. In most cases, this strategy turns out to be very ineffective to properly balance the exploration needed to discover unknown and potentially highly rewarding regions of the environment, with the exploitation of rewarding regions already identified as such. Other RL approaches with theoretical guarantees on the exploration-exploitation trade-off have been investigated. It is sometimes possible to formally prove that the performances almost match the theoretical optimum. This line of research is inspired by the Multi-Armed Bandit literature, with many algorithms relying on the same underlying principle often referred as "optimism in the face of uncertainty". Even if a significant effort has been made towards understanding the exploration-exploitation dilemma generally, many questions still remain open. In this thesis, we generalize existing work on exploration-exploitation to different contexts with different amounts of prior knowledge on the learning problem. We introduce several algorithmic improvements to current state-of-the-art approaches and derive a new theoretical analysis which allows us to answer several open questions of the literature. We then relax the (very common although not very realistic) assumption that a path between any two distinct regions of the environment should always exist. Relaxing this assumption highlights the impact of prior knowledge on the intrinsic limitations of the exploration-exploitation dilemma. Finally, we show how some prior knowledge such as the range of the value function or a set of macro-actions can be efficiently exploited to speed-up learning. In this thesis, we always strive to take the algorithmic complexity of the proposed algorithms into account. Although all these algorithms are somehow computationally "efficient", they all require a planning phase and therefore suffer from the well-known "curse of dimensionality" which limits their applicability to real-world problems. Nevertheless, the main focus of this work is to derive general principles that may be combined with more heuristic approaches to help overcome current DRL flaws

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Gibbings, Alison Lorraine. "Laser ablation for the deflection, exploration and exploitation of near Earth asteroids." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5219/.

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Laser ablation has been investigated as a possible technique for the contactless deflection of Near Earth Asteroids. It is achieved by irradiating the surface of an asteroid with a laser light source. The absorbed heat from the laser beam sublimates the surface, transforming the illuminated material directly from a solid to a gas. The ablated material then forms into a plume of ejecta. This acts against the asteroid, providing a controllable low thrust, which pushes the asteroid away from an Earth-threatening trajectory. The potential of laser ablation is dependent on understanding the physical and chemical properties of the ablation process. The ablation model is based on the energy balance of sublimation and was developed from three fundamental assumptions. Experimental verification was used to assess the viability of the ablation model and its performance in inducing a deflection action. It was achieved by ablating a magnesium-iron silicate rock, under vacuum, with a 90 W continuous wave laser. The laser operated at a wavelength of 808 nm and provided intensities that were below the threshold of plasma formation. The experiment measured the average mass flow rate, divergence geometry and temperature of the ejecta plume and the contaminating effects - absorptivity, height and density - of the deposited ejecta. Results were used to improve the ablation model. A critical discrepancy was in the variation between the previously predicted and experimentally measured mass flow rate of the ablated ejecta. Other improvements have also included the energy absorption within the Knudsen layer, the variation of sublimation temperature with local pressure, the temperature of the target material and the partial re-condensation of the ablated material. These improvements have enabled the performance of the ablation process and the specifications of the laser to be revised. Performance exceeded other forms of electric propulsion that provided an alternative contactless, low thrust deflection method. The experimental results also demonstrated the opportunistic potential of laser ablation. Using existing technologies, with a high technology readiness level, a small and low-cost mission design could demonstrate the technologies, approaches and synergies of a laser ablation mission. The performance of the spacecraft was evaluated by its ability to deflect a small and irregular 4 m diameter asteroid by at least 1 m/s. It was found to be an achievable and measurable objective. The laser ablation system could be successfully sized and integrated into a conventional solar-power spacecraft. Mission mass and complexity is saved by the direct ablation of the asteroid's surface. It also avoids any complex landing and surface operations. Analysis therefore supports the general diversity and durability of using space-based lasers and the applicability of the model's experimental verification.

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Safarova, Gunel. "Innovation management and ambidexterity in the US context : the case of family-owned companies." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV055.

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Notre travail de recherche traite des thématiques de l’innovation et de l’ambidextrie dans le management. Notre but est de procéder à une étude comparative des pratiques managériales au sein d’un panel de PME américaines afin d’identifier les déterminants de l’équilibre entre pratiques nouvelles et pratiques ordinaires ou traditionnelles. Notre recherche présente deux intérêts particuliers. D’une part, elle se centre sur le cas des entreprises américaines compte tenu de leurs spécificités en matière d’innovation et de conduite du changement, ce qui permet d’enrichir les connaissances sur certaines formes de management aux États-Unis. D’autre part, nous mobiliserons et croiserons un certain nombre de travaux traitant à la fois du management de l’innovation de manière générale et des facteurs qualitatifs dans les conceptions et pratiques de l’ambidextrie de manière particulière, notamment en lien avec les styles de « leadership ».En ce qui concerne les choix méthodologiques, nous nous sommes orientées vers une démarche abductive, avec des allers-retours entre littérature et terrain. En effet, notre recherche se base sur une approche qualitative avec des études de cas (Yin, Glaser et Strauss, Eisenhardt…), tandis que nos questionnements et notre problématique ont été amenés à s’affiner en fonction des résultats obtenus.Ce travail de recherche nous permet de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement et le management des entreprises américaines, en particulier lorsqu’elles sont familiales, et de mettre en lumière les spécificités de leurs méthodes en matière de management de l’innovation et l’ambidextrie. Il aide à relativiser le concept d’innovation pour montrer les apports potentiels de certaines approches dosées, visant à la fois l’exploitation de l’existant et l’exploration de voies nouvelles. En outre, nos résultats permettent de dégager des recommandations managériales pour les entreprises américaines, mais également pour d’autres organisations ou managers en relation avec le contexte des États-Unis
Our research work deals with the subjects of innovation and ambidexterity in the management. Our goal is to conduct a comparative study of managerial practices with several U.S. SMEs in order to identify the determinants of the balance between new and common or traditional practices. Throughout the research period we keep following our two main purposes. On the one hand, our research work focuses on the case of U.S. companies specifically proactive with regard to innovation and change management. This allows us to widen our knowledge concerning certain forms of management in the United States. On the other hand, we will draw on large number of studies dealing with both innovation management in general and particularly qualitative factors in the in the conceptions and practices of ambidexterity, especially in relation to “leadership” styles.Concerning the methodological choices, we keep up with abductive approach, because there is back and forth between literature and research field. Indeed, our research is based on a qualitative approach with case studies (Yin, Glaser et Strauss, Eisenhardt...), while our research question and problem have been refined according to the obtained results.This research work helps us to better understand business operation and management of U.S. companies, especially when they are family-owned and to highlight the specificities of their methods in terms of innovation management and ambidexterity. It helps to put the concept of innovation in perspective to show the potential contributions of certain measured approaches, aiming both the exploitation of existing and the exploration of new ways. In addition, our results provide managerial recommendations for U.S. companies, but also for other organizations or managers related to the U.S. context

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Cordeil, Maxime. "Exploration et exploitation de l’espace de conception des transitions animées en visualisation d’information." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0044/document.

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Les visualisations de données permettent de transmettre de l’information aux utilisateurs. Pour explorer et comprendre les données, les utilisateurs sont amenés à interagir avec ces visualisations.Toutefois, l’interaction avec les visualisations modifie le visuel. Pour éviter des changements brusques et garder l’utilisateur focalisé sur les objets graphiques d’intérêt, des transitions visuelles sont nécessaires pour accompagner les modifications de la visualisation. Ces transitions visuelles peuvent être codées sous la forme d’animations, ou de techniques qui permettent de faire des correspondances, ou des liens avec des données représentées sur plusieurs affichages. Le premier objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier les bénéfices et les propriétés des animations pour l’exploration et la compréhension de grandes quantités de données multidimensionnelles. Nous avons établi en conséquence une taxonomie des transitions animées en visualisation d’information basée sur les tâches des utilisateurs. Cette taxonomie a permis de constater qu’il n’existe pas de contrôle utilisateur sur la direction des objets durant l’animation. Nous avons donc proposé des interactions pour le contrôle de la direction des objets graphiques lors d’une transition animée. D’autre part, nous avons étudié une technique de transition animée mettant en jeu une rotation 3D entre visualisations. Nous avons identifié les avantages qu’elle pouvait apporter et en avons proposé une amélioration.Le second objectif était d’étudier les transitions visuelles dans le domaine du Contrôle du Trafic Aérien. En effet, les contrôleurs utilisent de nombreuses visualisations qui comportent des informations étalées et dupliquées sur plusieurs affichages: l’écran Radar, le tableau de strips, des listes spécifiques d’avions (départ, arrivées) etc. Ainsi dans leur activité, les Contrôleurs Aériens réalisent des transitions visuelles en recherchant et en reliant de l’information à travers les différents affichages. Nous avons étudié comment les animations pouvaient être utilisées dans le domaine du contrôle aérien en implémentant un prototype d’image radar regroupant trois visualisations usuelles pour instrumenter l’activité de supervision du trafic aérien
Data visualizations allow information to be transmitted to users. In order to explore and understand the data, it is often necessary for users to manipulate the display of this data. When manipulating the visualization, visual transitions are necessary to avoid abrupt changes in this visualization, and to allow the user to focus on the graphical object of interest. These visual transitions can be coded as an animation, or techniques that link the data across several displays. The first aim of this thesis was to examine the benefits and properties of animated transitions used to explore and understand large quantities of multidimensional data. In order to do so, we created a taxonomy of existing animated transitions. This taxonomy allowed us to identify that no animated transition currently exists that allows the user to control the direction of objects during the transition. We therefore proposed an animated transition that allows the user to have this control during the animation. In addition, we studied an animated transition technique that uses 3D rotation to transition between visualizations. We identified the advantages of this technique and propose an improvement to the current design. The second objective was to study the visual transitions used in the Air Traffic Control domain. Air Traffic Controllers use a number of visualizations to view vast information which is duplicated in several places: the Radar screen, the strip board, airplane lists (departures/arrivals) etc. Air traffic controllers perform visual transitions as they search between these different displays of information. We studied the way animations can be used in the Air Traffic Control domain by implementing a radar image prototype which combines three visualizations typically used by Air Traffic Controllers

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Le, Glatin Mario. "Innover pour décider : Modéliser et expérimenter l'ambidextrie décisionnelle pour gérer les métabolismes de l'organisation innovante." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM039/document.

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Il est devenu courant de développer une organisation ambidextre dans une entreprise pour garantir un avantage compétitif dans son environnement. Cette perspective trouve ses racines dans le modèle de James March (1991) ayant la vocation de soutenir l'apprentissage organisationnel par des mécanismes adaptatifs entre agents. Ce modèle ancré dans la tradition du problem-solving propose une approche comportementaliste palliant les biais et heuristiques de la rationalité limitée. Par opposition avec les modèles de la littérature étudiant l’équilibrage entre les activités d’exploration et d’exploitation (ambidextrie), nous démontrons que l’exploration peut être plus générative si elle utilise les contraintes d’exploitation comme connaissances préalables à la génération de concepts. Ceux-là reposent sur un conditionnement positif par les paramètres des processus décisionnels contribuant à l’exploitation. De nouvelles situations décisionnelles sont ainsi conçues plutôt que de se contenter d’une traditionnelle sélection des explorations. Ce modèle –ambidextrie décisionnelle – permet de réaliser des projets capables d’explorer des conditions dépassant les limites et performances de l’exploitation. Une recherche intervention chez Zodiac Aerospace permet de rendre compte de ce nouveau modèle. Il étend ainsi la notion d’ambidextrie organisationnelle dans l’inconnu, plus adaptée au management et gouvernance de l’innovation, tout en précisant la gestion des métabolismes organisationnels nécessaires aux changements des organisations dans un conglomérat de PMEs
It is now common knowledge to develop an ambidextrous organization in a ﬁrm to guarantee a competitive advantage in its environment. Such perspective is rooted in James March’s model (1991) whose purpose is to sustain organizational learning through adaptive mechanisms between agents. This model anchored in the tradition of problem-solving offers a behavioural approach coping with biases and heuristics of bounded rationality. In contrast, with literature models studying the balance between exploration and exploitation activities (ambidexterity), we demonstrate how exploration can be more generative if it uses exploitation constraints as prior knowledge to generate concepts. These rely on positively conditioning them by decision-making parameters contributing to exploitation. New decision situations are designed instead of traditionally selecting explorations. This model - decisional ambidexterity-allows building up projects capable of exploring conditions overcoming limitations and performances of exploitation. A collaborative research conducted at Zodiac Aerospace allowed revealing such new model. It extends organizational ambidexterity into the unknown, more adapted to innovation management & governance, whilst precising how to drive organization metabolisms inducing change among participating organizations in a conglomerate of SMEs

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Safavi, Seyed Mehdi. "A performative view of knowledge exploitation and exploration : a case study of a higher education merger." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17957.

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Organizational transformations, such as mergers and acquisitions, disrupt the steady state of organizational daily life. Under some conditions, these kinds of disruptions may actually alter the organizational and occupational structure of everyday work. However, current theories of organizational learning and knowledge governance, such as the so-called ‘knowledge- or capability-based view of the firm’, are inadequate when it comes to the potential number of structural variations inherent in an organizational transformation taking place in non-commercial organizational settings such as higher education institutions. In an exploratory case study of a university merger, this dissertation inductively examines how governance structures in universities impact the creation and exploitation of knowledge, both in core academic activities (research and teaching) and in related and supporting administrative tasks. This setting provides an institutional configuration that differs considerably from that which has informed most previous research on the creation, sharing and exploitation of knowledge, but in which there are prominent institutional locales for the governance of knowledge processes. Taking a practice lens, this study proposes a finer-grained picture of those structural variations by depicting the recursive relationship between changes in knowledge content (ostensive aspects) and knowledge-use practices (performative aspects) in the academic merger. Similarities and differences in relation to knowledge governance in firms are also identified. The findings suggest a classification of the micro-processes by which organizational and competence-based capabilities are recreated, improving our understanding of knowledge-based capabilities (re)creation at different levels of organization and through different stages of merger implementation.

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Nohman, Brula, and Sleyman Nohman. "Ambidexterity: A matter of size? : A single case study on ambidexterity in SMEs." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119891.

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Background: An organization cannot only rely on how they have been accustomed to doing things in the past, rather they have to be willing to change and adapt in order to be successful in the present as well as the future by achieving and sustaining a competitive advantage. The ability to have a successful core business, be profitable today and also be able to predict future possibilities is a key for organizations that aim at being successful in the long term. Ambidexterity deals with these issues. An ambidextrous organization aims to balance the capability to exploit the present and exploring the future simultaneously. Therefore, it is an essential factor for the long term survival of firms. Aim: The purpose of this thesis is to study ambidexterity with regard to SMEs in the service sector. Completion: This study is based on a qualitative research which is conducted as a single case study on Mediakonsulterna as a firm. Conclusions: The study shows that ambidexterity can be applied in a SME in the service sector. Furthermore, there are different approaches as to how ambidexterity can be applied as discussed in this study. More specifically, the study concludes that a contextual approach to ambidexterity is viable when firms lack the resources and size for implementing ambidexterity through structural measures. This means that a SME in the service sector can conduct ambidexterity on an individual level throughout the company rather than relying on a structural division of separate units. In order to apply ambidexterity, SMEs rely to a large amount on individuals to balance the different activities such as exploitation and exploration

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Castrén, Emma, and Malin Gylling. "Agile Ambidexterity : Multiple case study of Finnish software development organizations." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129910.

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Background: Exploring the ambidexterity literature in the context of agile software development organizations from the perspective of how the organizational characteristics that result from the application of agile methods affect the achievement of ambidexterity Aim: To gain insight into how agile software development organizations achieve ambidexterity. Methodology: How agile software development organizations achieve ambidexterity was studied through a multiple case study where the total of four case projects in two different organizations were examined. Findings: This study indicated how the characteristics of agile software development organizations have an essential role in how ambidexterity is achieved in these organizations.

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Wall, Nicola. "Further evolution in the pharmaceutical sector : changes in the division of labour and the markets for technology." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/further-evolution-in-the-pharmaceutical-sector-changes-in-the-division-of-labour-and-the-markets-for-technology(b294c155-8bc9-4db1-9d34-b39de22dba1d).html.

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The pharmaceutical sector has undergone many changes, particularly in the past several decades. The purpose of this research was to ascertain the existence of further changes to the division of labour and changes in the markets for technology within the sector. This research was also undertaken to understand the specific issues that may be impacting the division of labour and the changes in the markets for technology including the role of finance and the role of a surplus of unexploited knowledge. The division of labour between large and small new firms was initially more pronounced as the fully integrated firms continued to develop, manufacture and market drugs while 'classical biotechnology' firms pursued an exploratory business model of supplying knowledge and early stage drug candidates to these fully integrated companies (McKelvey, 2008). However, firms are changing in this sector and changes may be evident that have not been discussed in the literature to date. A new type of firm is evident within this sector, the No Research Development Only (NRDO) firm, as well as changes in the existing firms. This has impacted markets for technology as changes are also apparent in the way in which firms exchange products and knowledge. A combined quantitative and qualitative study was used to answer the research questions. A random sample of 100 EU and US companies that own and develop drug products was generated. Descriptive statistics were gathered to form a database of information and case studies were compiled to provide in-depth data related to a sample of eight firms. The newly identified NRDO firms do not possess internal capabilities to discover their own products; surprising given the historically research intensive nature of the types of small firms that operate in this sector. There also appears to be changes in the markets for technology as large firms are selling drug candidates to these hitherto research-intensive discovery and development (DD) firms who are willing to in-license these drug candidates to bolster pipelines and financial valuations. Markets for knowledge in this sector have undoubtedly evolved and a more complex set of arrangements are evident. The roles of finance and a surplus of unexploited knowledge have played an important part in these changes as the sustained level of exploration in the sector has resulted in a greater number of exploitation opportunities. Overall there is evidence to support further evolution in the sector.

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O'Flaherty, Rowland Wilde. "A control theoretic perspective on learning in robotics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54833.

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For robotic systems to continue to move towards ubiquity, robots need to be more autonomous. More autonomy dictates that robots need to be able to make better decisions. Control theory and machine learning are fields of robotics that focus on the decision making process. However, each of these fields implements decision making at different levels of abstraction and at different time scales. Control theory defines low-level decisions at high rates, while machine learning defines high-level decision at low rates. The objective of this research is to integrate tools from both machine leaning and control theory to solve higher dimensional, complex problems, and to optimize the decision making process. Throughout this research, multiple algorithms were created that use concepts from both control theory and machine learning, which provide new tools for robots to make better decisions. One algorithm enables a robot to learn how to optimally explore an unknown space, and autonomously decide when to explore for new information or exploit its current information. Another algorithm enables a robot to learn how to locomote with complex dynamics. These algorithms are evaluated both in simulation and on real robots. The results and analysis of these experiments are presented, which demonstrate the utility of the algorithms introduced in this work. Additionally, a new notion of “learnability” is introduced to define and determine when a given dynamical system has the ability to gain knowledge to optimize a given objective function.

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Narvhus, Martine Jørgensen, and Max Christopher Graff. "Solving the Paradox of Exploitation and Exploration : Leveraging Organizational Levels to Achieve Ambidexterity." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for industriell økonomi og teknologiledelse, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-20909.

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The objective of the current thesis is to contract the gap previous literature has left around the issue of deploying multiple modes of balancing the exploitation/exploration paradox simultaneously, and help mature corporations maximize profit by leveraging organizational levels to achieve ambidexterity. For the theoretical part, snowballing is the primary research method. An article by March (1991) served as the starting point, and further theory was found by identifying articles where that particular work had been cited. For the empirical part, an embedded case study on Finn.no through interviews is the primary research method. A total of three frameworks have been constructed to understand, structure and solve the paradox on multiple levels. The Pathway Framework suggests that exploitation and exploration are two explicit pathways to profit, the Ambidexterity Framework is a way of structuring the internal and external modes for balancing the paradox and the Hierarchical Ambidexterity Framework links these balancing modes directly to the locus of implementation and decomposes the strategies into a structure of four organizational levels. Several balancing modes from the Ambidexterity Framework have been recognized in Finn, including contextual ambidexterity, structural ambidexterity, punctuated equilibrium, and domain separation. The efforts flow according to the Hierarchical Ambidexterity Framework, at the individual, business, corporate and network levels of strategy, respectively. Thus, Finn has solved the paradox of exploitation and exploration operates ambidextrously. Further, and most important for this thesis – Finn have even succeeded in balancing exploitative and exploratory ideas on multiple organizational levels simultaneously.

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Mom, Thomas Johannes Maria. "Managers ́exploration and exploitation activities: the influence of organizational factors and knowledge inflows." Rotterdam : Rotterdam : Erasmus Universiteit ; Erasmus University [Host], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/7981.

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McNamara, Peter. "Managing the tension between knowledge exploration and exploitation : the case of UK biotechnology." Thesis, City University London, 2000. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7870/.

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In prior literature it has been argued that there exists a tension between balancing investments in Exploration for new organisational knowledge against the Exploitation of current stocks. It is argued that over time firms tend towards an ever increasing focus upon Exploitation to the exclusion of investments in Exploration. It is argued that this bias is in part due to the causally complex feedback loops between Exploration activities and financial performance. The tendency for Exploitation to drive out Exploration activities over time is argued to pose a serious threat to firm's long term prosperity and survival. This thesis first reviews and interprets the diverse literature on the tension between Exploration and Exploitation. This interpretation of prior work highlights that Exploitation is not a single process, but rather two: incremental Development of current stocks of knowledge and Appropriation of a return from those stocks through use and sale in the marketplace. It is argued that the classic tension between Exploration and Exploitation is intermediated by the process of Devlopment, which seeks to convert new organisational knowledge into forms amenable to appropriation of a financial return, in addition to making incremental improvements to current stocks of organisational knowledge. It is argued that the tension between these three processes only exists in the short term. In the long term the success of each process is dependent upon the other two. It is argued, however, that in the long term it is difficult sustain individual efforts to extend the firm's knowledge stocks through Exploration, Development, or efforts to Appropriate a return through use, due to the existence of three antagonistic processes that impede each of these three processes individually. These antagonists are Core Rigidities, Slow Rate of Learning and Imitation by competitors. Through the literature review insights are offered into how management can suppress these antagonistic processes. Chapters Three and Four empirically study the phenomena of Exploration and Exploitation of organisational knowledge in the context of the UK therapeutics biotechnology sector. In Chapter Three an in-depth case study of a leading firm, Ceiltech, is undertaken. From this case it is argued that contrary to prior literature it is possible for a firm to maintain a balance between Exploratidn and Exploitation beyond the short term. It is shown that Ceiltech's Exploration activities can be linked directly to the financial renaissance of the firm between 1990 and 1998. Insights are offered into how management sought to maintain this balance and ensure that the long term complementary relationship between the processes of Exploration, Development and Appropriation was not undermined by short-term actions. Based on the experiences of Ceiltech and other biotechnology firms key quantifiable outputs of the processes of Exploration, Development and Appropriation are devised. Using an event study methodology, announcements of these key outputs, by all publicly quoted UK biotechnology firms between December 1995 and January 1999, are analysed. It is found that contrary to prior theoretic suggestions the outputs of both Exploration and Exploitation activities generate observable financial valuations in the stock market. Announcement of positive progress in Exploration and Development activities are found to coincide with increases in share price over and above either the past performance of the firm or the contemporary performance of market indices. This suggests that contrary to theoretical arguments in the literature the causal feedback loop between Exploration and Development activities and financial performance can be quite direct. It is also found that alliance formation plays an important role in value creation. It is argued that the increase in market capitalisation that formation of alliances generate is not fully explained by the sharing of resources and capabilities alone. It is argued that formation of an alliance with a firm that has a high scientific and commercial reputation within the stock market has a knock on reputational effect upon the valuation of its biotechnology partner. The alliance offers uncertainty reduction information to shareholders about the likely success and value of Exploration and Development projects undertaken by the biotechnology firm, resulting in an increase in the value of the firm. The concluding chapter of this thesis highlights major implications that the findings of this study may have for both the pharmaceutical sector and industry in general.

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Binz-Scharf, Maria Christina. "Exploration and exploitation : toward a theory of knowledge sharing in digital government projects /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.unisg.ch/www/edis.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/2828.

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Mokhtari, Noureddine. "Extraction et exploitation d'annotations sémantiques contextuelles à partir de texte." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4045.

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Cette thèse rentre dans le cadre du projet européen SevenPro (Environnement d’ingénierie virtuel sémantique pour la conception des produits) dont le but est d'améliorer le processus d'ingénierie de production dans les entreprises de fabrication, au moyen de l’acquisition, de la formalisation et de l'exploitation des connaissances. Nous proposons une approche méthodologique et logicielle pour générer des annotations sémantiques contextuelles à partir de texte. Notre approche est basée sur des ontologies et sur les technologies du Web sémantique. Dans une première partie, nous proposons une modélisation de la notion de « contexte » pour le texte. Cette modélisation peut être perçue comme une projection des différents aspects du «contexte» abordés par ses définitions dans la littérature. Nous proposons également une modélisation des annotations sémantiques contextuelles, avec la définition des différents types de relations contextuelles pouvant exister dans le texte. Ensuite, nous proposons une méthodologie générique pour la génération d’annotations sémantiques contextuelles basées sur une ontologie du domaine qui exploite au mieux les connaissances contenues dans les textes. L’originalité de la méthodologie est qu’elle utilise des techniques de traitement automatique de la langue ainsi que des grammaires d’extraction (engendrées automatiquement) de relations de domaine, de concepts et de valeurs de propriété afin de produire des annotations sémantiques reliées avec des relations contextuelles. De plus, nous prenons en compte le contexte d’apparition des annotations sémantiques pendant leur génération. Un système supportant cette méthodologie a été implémenté et évalué
This thesis falls within the framework of the European project SevenPro (Semantic Virtual Engineering Environment for Product Design) whose aim is to improve the engineering process of production in manufacturing companies, through acquisition, formalization and exploitation of knowledge. We propose a methodological approach and software for generating contextual semantic annotations from text. Our approach is based on ontologies and Semantic Web technologies. In the first part, we propose a model of the concept of "context" for the text. This modeling can be seen as a projection of various aspects of "context" covered by the definitions in literature. We also propose a model of contextual semantic annotations, with the definition of different types of contextual relationships that may exist in the text. Then, we propose a generic methodology for the generation of contextual semantic annotations based on domain ontology that operates at best with the knowledge contained in texts. The novelty in the methodology is that it uses language automatic processing techniques and grammar extraction (automatically generated) field relations, concepts and values of property in order to produce semantic annotations associated with contextual relations. In addition, we take into account the context of occurrence of semantic annotations for their generation. A system that supports this methodology has been implemented and evaluated

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Atanassova, Iana. "Exploitation informatique des annotations sémantiques automatiques d'Excom pour la recherche d'informations et la navigation." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040252.

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À partir du moteur d’annotation sémantique Excom, nous avons élaboré un systèmede recherche d’informations qui repose sur des catégories sémantiques issues d’analyses linguistiquesautomatiques afin de proposer une approche de fouille textuelle innovante. Les annotationssont obtenues par la méthode d’Exploration Contextuelle faisant appel à une modélisationdes connaissances linguistiques sous forme de marqueurs et de règles. Le traitement des requêtesselon des points de vue de fouille se trouve au coeur de la stratégie de recherche d’informations.Pour cela, notre approche s’appuie sur des catégories d’annotation organisées en ontologies linguistiquessous forme de graphes. Afin d’offrir à l’utilisateur des résultats pertinents, nous avonsmis en place des algorithmes d’ordonnancement des réponses et de gestion de la redondance.Ces algorithmes reposent principalement sur la structure des ontologies linguistiques utiliséespour l’annotation. Nous avons proposé une évaluation de la pertinence des résultats en tenantcompte de la spécificité de l’approche. Les interfaces que nous avons développées permettent laconstruction de nouveaux produits documentaires tels que les fiches de synthèse offrant une extractiond’informations structurées selon des critères sémantiques. Cee approche a égalementpour vocation de proposer des outils dédiés à la veille stratégique et à l’intelligence économique
Using the Excom engine for semantic annotation, we have constructed an InformationRetrieval System based on semantic categories from automatic language analyses in order topropose a new approach to text search. e annotations are obtained by the Contextual Explorationmethod which is a knowledge based linguistic approach using markers and disambiguationrules. e queries are formulated according to search viewpoints which are at the heart of theInformation Retrieval strategy. Our approach uses the annotation categories which are organisedin linguistic ontologies structured as graphs. In order to provide relevant results to the user,we have designed algorithms for ranking and paraphrase identification. ese algorithms exploitprincipally the structure of the linguistic ontologies for the annotation. We have carriedout an evaluation of the relevance of the system results taking into account the specificity ofour approach. We have developed user interfaces allowing the construction of new informationproducts such as structured text syntheses using information extraction according to semanticcriteria. is approach also aims to offer tools in the field of economic intelligence

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El, Khelifi Aymen. "Approche générique d’extraction automatique des événements et leur exploitation." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040189.

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Dans le cadre de notre thèse, nous avons proposé une approche générique d’extraction automatique des événements et de leur exploitation. L’approche est organisée en quatre composantes indépendantes et réutilisables. Une première composante de prétraitement, où les textes sont nettoyés et segmentés. Au cours de la seconde étape, les événements sont extraits en sebasant sur notre algorithme AnnotEC qui dispose d’une complexité polynomiale et qui est associé à des cartes sémantiques et des ressources linguistiques dédiées. Nous avons mis en place deux nouvelles mesures de similarité SimCatégoreille et SimEvent pour regrouper les événementssimilaires dans le cadre de la troisième composante de clustering. Les annotations, ajoutées tout au long des trois premières étapes, sont exploitées au niveau de la dernière composante par le bais des fichiers de synthèse paramétrables par l’utilisateur.L’approche a été évaluée sur un corpus issu du Web 2.0. Nous avons comparé les résultats avec des méthodes d’apprentissage automatique et des méthodes linguistiques par compilation et nous avons obtenu de meilleurs résultats
In the framework of our thesis, we proposed a generic approach for the automatic extraction of events and their exploitation. This approach is divided into four independent and reusable components. The first component of pretreatment, in which texts are cleaned and segmented. During the second stage, events are extracted based on our algorithm AnnotEC which has polynomial complexity. AnnotEC is associated with semantic maps and dedicated linguistic resources. We have proposed two new similarity measures SimCatégoreille and SimEvent to group similar events using clustering algorithms.Annotations, added throughout the first three steps, are used at the last component by summarizing files configurable by users. The approach was evaluated on a corpus of Web 2.0, we compared the obtained results with machine learning methods and linguistic compiling methods and we got good results

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Exploitation e exploration'

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