Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'EXPLOITATION FORESTIERE'
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Deconchat, Marc. "Exploitation forestiere et biodiversite. Exemple dans les forets fragmentees des coteaux de gascogne." Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30027.
Full textDURRIEU, DE MADRON LUK. "Mortalite, chablis et role des trouees dans la dynamique forestiere avant et apres exploitation sur le dispositif d'etude sylvicole de paracou - guyane francaise." Paris, ENGREF, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENGR0030.
Full textMouanga, Simplice-Vianney. "Les forestiers au Gabon : socio-histoire d'un espace politique, 1922-1967." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10062.
Full textYalimendet, Pierre. "L'économie forestière dans le sud-ouest de la R. C. A." Bordeaux 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR30049.
Full textThe thick central african forest, situated in the south-west is very rich and has a variety of valuable trees. Its recent exploitation by foreign companies is hampered by transportation problems. Nervertheless it occupies an important place in the national economy
Lalanne, Arnault. "Système sylvicole, exploitation forestière : impacts respectifs sur l'état de conservation d'habitats forestiers planitiaires atlantiques." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MNHN0009.
Full textThe European “Habitats” directive urges EU state members to evaluate the state of conservation of their habitats listed in the Annex I, which form in France the so-called “Natura 2000” network. In France, the “Office National des Forets” is in a leader position, being in charge of 20% of all Natura 2000 sites. However, there is a concern about the compatibility of forest management practices commonly performed by this institution and the protective rules edicted by EU. In particular the maintenance of a good state of conservation of forest habitats can be questioned. The purpose of the present thesis was first to define a good state of conservation for forests of the Paris Basin, then to see, through several examples, whether their state of conservation was impacted by forest management. Herbs and humus/soil dwelling mosses were used as indicators, according to the phytosociological approach, as well as humus forms, using Humus Index and depth of holorganic horizons. Sampling was done in different management units, describing the forest cycle (synchronic approach) in homogeneous site conditions. For the habitat “Acidophilic atlantic beech-oak forest” (DH 9120), we showed an example of conversion of coppices-with-standards to full-grown stands, with sessile oak as a target timber species, and an example of an acidophilic beech forest where sylviculture was made more dynamic. For the habitat “Beech forest of the Asperulo-Fagion type” (DH 9130), our study was performed in three forests belonging to the same phytosociological syntaxon but located in three different climatic regions. In this case, too, we measured the effects of a more dynamic sylviculture. As a general rule, species richness increases under the influence of new sylvicultural practices. However, such an increase was not shown by mosses as well as by higher plants typically living in woodland. One explanation is the surface state of forest soils, which is strongly affected by exploitation traffic, mainly through soil compaction. Soil compaction disfavours geophytes, which are the main component of typical forest vegetation. Another explanation lies in the more dynamic sylviculture. The decreasing standing crop imposes a change in climate conditions, with more light and less humidity. This disfavours typical forest species, which commonly live in a shady and moist environment. Another important result concerns changes in humus forms under the new sylviculture. The Humus Index indicates a more rapid humification and mineralisation of topsoil organic matter. We hypothesize that soil biological processes are activated by more light arriving at the ground surface. At last, we want to highlight the importance of the geograhical range over which our results can be considered valid. The example of neutrocline beech forests shows that the appropriate scale for extrapolating our results is that of the natural (climatic) region
Garcia, Ramond Raymond. "Contribution à l'étude du processus d'appropriation des outils techniques dans une situation de transfert de technologie : analyse de l'utilisation des outils de coupe dans les travaux forestiers par les indiens Tunebos de Colombie." Toulouse 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU20016.
Full textWork psychology considers the learning phenomena experienced by operators confronted with a transfer of technology which may or may not be compatible with their actual working methods. It defines the factors determining the operator's behavioral attitudes to measure the effectiveness of transfers of technology, anticipate problems thus establishing a transition theory-practice. Piaget's and Ochanine's theories of the learning processes and tool usage are employed to understand the initial confusion in using new technology tools the availability of traditional images comparable with the technology tools influences the learning process and several responses develop. From these come the teaching techniques or technology tools modifications
Bourque, Julie. "Coupe progressive et exploitation forestière a l'echelle du paysage, influence relative sur la productivité de deux passereaux forestiers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ47255.pdf.
Full textBillard, Emeric. "Nouveaux acteurs, vieilles habitudes : l'implantation des opérateurs forestiers asiatiques au Gabon à l'heure de la transition vers la gestion durable." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0040.
Full textThe rise of Asian interests has been one of the most significant developments faced by the logging industry in Gabon over the past two decades. Perceived as participating in China's strategy for access to natural resources in Africa, their presence raises concerns that highlight different webs of interests, both complementary and antagonistic, between a so called weak state and supposedly aggressive investments. This thesis aims to better understand these complex dynamics. The approach is interdisciplinary and examines society-environment relations through the lens of logging in Gabon. Based primarily on the socio-political and economic components of this industry, the analysis highlights the opportunistic character of the strategies employed by logging companies, by the State and by state officials. The shift to sustainable management fosters a hybrid form of forest governance, which favors the most adaptable economic strategies – notably those of Asian operators
Doua, Marcel. "La protection juridique intégrée des forêts en Côte d'Ivoire." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20009.
Full textThe Ivorian forest is facing advanced degradation. To preserve it, Côte d’Ivoire has drafted Law No. 65 - 425 dated 20 december 1965 on the Forest Code and its implementing regulations. But first legal instrument of protection was not as effective as expected. Indeed, sectoral scope , forest law can govern the entire forest area. Other sectoral legalization as the 1965 Law on hunting, the Water Code, the 1998 Law on rural land law will step in to fill the legislative gap in the forestry code. The result is a law on the forest and its uncoordinated and non-integrated resources, the consequences are obvious risks of overlapping jurisdiction, sources of conflict and blocking and duplication. To ensure appropriate legal framework for the protection of the Ivorian forest, this legal integration must take into account all socio-political and economic dimensions of forests, ensuring the participation of all stakeholders, allow the integration of text content and require a cooperation of management structures
Schepens, Florent. "Être à sa place : socio-anthropologie de la transmission des savoirs forestiers." Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA1006.
Full textThe status of forest work contractor (company director), (Entrepreneur de Travaux Forestiers - ETF) knows only one very weak family transmission, however the professional world is organised around reciprocal knowledge. In that case why to do without a family reproduction ?The explanation comes from the requirements to become ETF which are firstly to be heir to a self-employed status and secondly not to have a structure to carry out this heritage. The company of forest work is presented here in the form of a single means of acquiring professional independence. This status is not only acquired : it is a project of couple aiming at an upward social mobility. We will be interested particularly in ETF's wife with regard to family non-reproduction of the status. In addition the labour market of the ETF is based partly on an economy of the constitutive donation of a minimal confidence between the interactants and allowing their co-operation. How is this confidence constituted ? One is known only as a contractor and one is a known contractor only once. The solution with this visible paradox is in the transmission of an inheritance symbolic system of the Master to the apprentice. The contractor transmits to candidate ETF his name (known name), sesame opening doors of a closed labour market. This name gives a professional place to chosen person, place that he obtains because he was indicated not according to an acquired knowledge regarding a capacity to being located by the ETF. To be in his place is the last stage of a regulation process of flows of the new entering on a professional market
Hébert, Pierre Luc. "Caractérisation du fonctionnement d'une récolteuse de biomasse arbustive et analyse des coûts de récolte." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23898.
Full textBiomass harvesting in plantations can be done in various forms: chips, billets, loose stems or stems rolled up in round bales. The latter method allows easy handling and moving of the biomass in addition to promoting natural drying during storage. A new machine that produces round bales of biomass, the Biobaler ® WB-55, was tested in plantations and on fallow land in 2009 and 2010. This master’s thesis reports mainly the performance of the Biobaler ® during 19 trials in plantations for a total of 546 bales harvested. The average harvested yield was 19.41 t dry matter (DM) / ha and ranged from 9.68 to 31.84 t DM / ha. The average mass of a bale was 427 kg wet matter (WM) (218 kg DM). The average density of bales was 138 kg DM / m³. The moisture content averaged 48.6% and ranged between 40.8% and 56.0% wet basis (w.b.). The average capacity of baling was 35 bales / h (7.69 t DM / h), the maximum capacity was 48 bales / h (10.53 t DM / h) and the minimum capacity was 23 bales / h (4.06 t DM / h). The diesel consumption with a tractor of 138 kW averaged 3.91 l / t DM and ranged from 2.12 to 6.96 l / t DM. The relative loss in the field averaged 11.3% and ranged between 5.7 and 20.1%. The baling cost averaged $ 20.95 / t DM ($ 4.47 / bale) and varied between $ 14.65 and $ 36.54 / t DM. Seven harvest methods that included baling, displacement of bales in the field and grinding were evaluated using the AHP method (Analytic Hierarchy Process). The cost of harvesting ranged between $ 32.72 and 44.07 / t DM ($ 1.83 and 2.46 / GJ) in plantations and between $ 57.84 and 76.74 / t DM ($ 3.23 and 4.29 / GJ) in fallow land. Following the AHP study, it was determined that the best method for harvesting biomass with the Biobaler ® incorporated a self loading bale carrier with a tractor of 86 kW and a forestry grinder with a diesel engine of 242 kW. Finally, the biomass transport cost for an average round-trip distance of 50 km was estimated at $ 10.72 / t DM ($ 0.60 / GJ). The transport cost of unprocessed round bales was estimated at $ 9.16 / t DM ($ 0.51 / GJ).
Gouge, Daniel. "Intégration de la récolte de biomasse forestière comme outil sylvicole dans les opérations forestières en forêt boréale affectée par la tordeuse des bourgeons de l'épinette." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67239.
Full textAngelats, Robin. "L'action de l'administration forestière dans les Pyrénées-Orientales (1827-1914), de la protection des ressources forestières à la protection des richesses naturelles." Perpignan, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PERP0308.
Full textYelkouni, Martin. "Gestion d'une ressource naturelle et action collective : le cas de la forêt de Tiogo au Burkina Faso." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660993.
Full textClément, Isabelle. "Sumatra, l'espace forestier et ses usages : représentation, appropriation et gestion des ressources forestières par une société malayu-jambi en Indonésie." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10094.
Full textDurand, Frédéric. "Les forêts en Asie du Sud-Est : recul et exploitation : le cas de l'Indonésie /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35703811v.
Full textArbonnier, Michel. "Étude d'une savane graminéenne et forestière en vue de son aménagement à partir du cas de Koumpentoum (Sénégal)." Nancy 1, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1990_0508_ARBONNIER.pdf.
Full textOmbigath, Pierre. "L' exploitation forestière au Gabon (1892-1973) : impact économique et social." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070009.
Full textIn the perspective to prepare the era of after petroleum, Gabon implemented since the 2001 a politics of diversification of its economy allowing to stimulate a durable growth. Among the main pillars of the economic reflation considered priority by the government is the forested sector. Taking advantage of good international capacities on this question since the Conference of United Nations on the Environment Development (CUNED) held in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in 1992, Gabon endowed of a new forested code in 2001. This new politics which insists on the durable management of forested ecosystems is sensible to increase the part of the forested incomes in the GDP of the country. However, interest aroused by the exploitation of the Gabonese forest does not date current. It goes bad: up to the period of the First World War during which were taken first measures recommending a rational exploitation of the forest. Well to accentuate the influence which can have this sector on the process of development of the Gabon in the years to come, we chose to interrogate past by insisting on the period 1892-1973 during which the forestry development occupied a dominating place in the economic and social life of this country
Gravel, Christian. "L'élaboration d'un système de gestion participative chez Abitibi-Price, exploitation forestière /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1985. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textDandurand, Philippe, and Philippe Dandurand. "Application et analyse de GNSS dans l'industrie forestière." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37873.
Full textLa localisation est un problème qui affecte beaucoup d’industries. Comme l’automatisation devient de plus en plus importante, la localisation doit aussi devenir de plus en plus précise pour assurer une bonne efficacité des opérations et pour assurer la sécurité des employés qui vont devoir travailler avec cette automatisation. Notre étude se concentre sur la problématique de la localisation, appliquée à l’industrie forestière. Comme cela demande l’automatisation de machinerie lourde et la manipulation de l’inventaire, il est important d’avoir une localisation précise sur une échelle du décimètre. Une solution possible pour la localisation de précision est via les récepteurs Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Real Time Kinematic (RTK), qui permettent de faire la localisation à une dizaine de centimètres près. Par contre, l’industrie forestière travaille dans des environnements divers qui peuvent causer des difficultés pour ces récepteurs GNSS. Par exemple dans des forêts denses ou près de bâtiments qui peuvent cacher des satellites pour la localisation. Comme l’environnement du récepteur et la qualité de la réception sont mesurables, nous avons aussi développé une méthode permettant de faire une relation entre les deux. Ce mémoire tentera d’expliquer la problématique de l’application et l’analyse de GNSS pour faire la localisation dans des environnements divers. Ensuite, le mémoire va montrer comment les récepteurs GNSS sont affectés par divers environnements en montrant des résultats d’expériences dans ces derniers. Le tout sera démontré dans le chapitre 1 et la section 4.1 Comme l’environnement est important pour estimer son influence sur les receveurs GNSS, la génération de carte 3D est importante. Cette génération est expliquée dans le chapitre 2 et la section 4.2. Une plate-forme de récolte de données que nous avons conçue sera expliquée en grand détail dans le chapitre 3. Ensuite, nous avons fait une estimation de la qualité de la visibilité de satellite avec un article scientifique dans le chapitre 5. Les résultats y montrent que notre méthode obtient une bonne relation entre l’environnement et la performance des récepteurs GNSS. Ces résultats sont tirés d’expériences réalisées dans divers environnements.
Girard, Jeannette. "Mouvement coopératif et exploitation forestière : le cas du Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1985. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textIbanda, Kabaka Paulin. "Réforme forestière de 2002 et droits des populations en RD Congo. Analyse de l'évolution du droit forestier dans ses aspects juridiques, fiscaux, écologiques et socio-économiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU2031.
Full textIn this thesis, it is a question of making an analysis of the consequences of the forest reform which is engaged in the DRC since 2002 at the instigation of the World Bank with the aim to favor the sustainable management of the forests and the development of the forest populations. However, the legal and economic assessment of this new forestry policy, carried out after fifteen years of application to measure the impact on sustainable forest management, forest taxation and local development of forest populations, shows that, if the 2002 forestry reform contributed to a slight improvement in the mobilization of forest tax revenues, but did not favor the sustainability of forests and the protection of the rights of forest peoples. To remedy this situation, we suggest some reforms to improve this forest policy
Ndjimba, Joseph. "Transgabonais : désenclavement et production territoriale en milieu forestier équatorial (Gabon)." Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30075.
Full textInaugurated in December 1986, the railroad Transgabonais connects Libreville to Franceville while passing by Ndjolé, Booue and Lastourville. The realization of this infrastructure will have necessity more thanten years of work and efforts, thus constituting on of the largest bulding site in Africa. It was indeed necessary to face many obstacles. The first of financial nature was surmonted without one making a pact with the devil thanks to the internationnal assistance, the many loans and every active national participation which benefit from theeffects of the oil boom. But most important dificult was still the condition imposed by the natural environment. The abundance of rivers, the importance of precipitations, the broken relief constituted a genuine barrier which on could not easly cross. The realisationof Transgabonais takinginto account its obstacles wilhaverepresenten a considerable fancial sacrifice. The repercussions of this investment cannot be read only in financial terms, it is also necessary to bold account to the psychological effects which accompany the realization by this infracstructure. Transgabonais is also a symbol with translate a will of assertion and territorial integration. The centring of Haut-Ogooue in Gabon is a perfect one illustration. But like many other Africa railway, Transgabonais is Cross-piece one period uncertainly, wich limit its action
Ouabari, Joseph. "Bois et chantiers forestiers du Congo." Bordeaux 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR30041.
Full textOtt, Cécile Chantal. "Exploitation forestière et droits des populations locales et autochtones en Afrique centrale (Cameroun, Congo, Congo RDC et Gabon)." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30047.
Full textThe forests of Cameroon, Congo, CongoRCD and Gabon are full of enormous resources. Several possibilities are available to these countries by the richness and diversity of fauna, flora, exploitation of resources underground resources, wood and non wood forest products. Logging of these resources could be an effective means of improving the living conditions of local and indigenous people who depend on these forests. However, despite the legal, political and economic setup by different governments, people's participation in forest management is very relative. The promotion and protection of their social and economic rights also remain problematic
Ibanda, Kabaka Paulin. "Réforme forestière de 2002 et droits des populations en RD Congo. Analyse de l'évolution du droit forestier dans ses aspects juridiques, fiscaux, écologiques et socio-économiques." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU2031/document.
Full textIn this thesis, it is a question of making an analysis of the consequences of the forest reform which is engaged in the DRC since 2002 at the instigation of the World Bank with the aim to favor the sustainable management of the forests and the development of the forest populations. However, the legal and economic assessment of this new forestry policy, carried out after fifteen years of application to measure the impact on sustainable forest management, forest taxation and local development of forest populations, shows that, if the 2002 forestry reform contributed to a slight improvement in the mobilization of forest tax revenues, but did not favor the sustainability of forests and the protection of the rights of forest peoples. To remedy this situation, we suggest some reforms to improve this forest policy
Stahl, Philippe. "Le Chat forestier d'Europe, Felis silvestris, Schreber 1777 exploitation des ressources et organisation spatiale /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601337s.
Full textAkouehou, Sèhounkpindo Gaston. "L'État, les populations rurales, et la gestion de la forêt classée des Monts Kouffe au centre du Benin : un essai d'analyse des itinéraires technico-économiques et des rapports sociaux de production." Toulouse, INPT, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPT009A.
Full textBeaudoin, Jean-Michel. "L'entrepreneuriat forestier autochtone : le cas de la communauté ilnu de Mashteuiatsh." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26570/26570.pdf.
Full textThe participation of the First Nations in forestry is a fundamental issue in the province of Québec. For their part, First Nations are considering forestry as a lever to improve the socioeconomic conditions in their communities. Over the last decades, there has been an increasing participation of First Nations in the forestry sector. Unfortunately, little information is currently available on aboriginal community initiatives in regards to business creation. The main objective of this research is to identify key factors that favor or limit aboriginal business creation in forestry. This study first presents the development of forest entrepreneurship within the Ilnu community of Mashteuiatsh, located in the region of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean. The first chapter situates this project in the broader context of Québec forestry. The second chapter draws a portrait of forestry entrepreneurs within this community. The third chapter compares these aboriginal forestry entrepreneurs to non-aboriginal forestry entrepreneurs from the same area. Ours results demonstrate the importance for the aboriginal forest entrepreneur of the social network of the Mashteuiatsh Ilnu community. This network contributes to the differences observed when comparing the portrait, the perceptions and motivations of forestry entrepreneurs within the Ilnu community of Mashteuiatsh to those of non-aboriginal forestry entrepreneurs. In addition, Aboriginal forest entrepreneurs seem more optimist than non-aboriginal entrepreneurs when evaluating they actual situation and future.
Le, Lan Maryse, and Lan Maryse Le. "Mutualisation des capacités de production entre entreprises forestières : cas d'études des coopératives forestières du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37054.
Full textTableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales
De nouvelles formes de compétition jusqu’ici inconnues des entreprises du secteur forestier ont fait leur apparition dans la dernière décennie. Pour performer, les entreprises forestières doivent désormais opter pour de nouvelles stratégies organisationnelles qui leur permettront d’accroître leur compétitivité et leur agilité. Le défi réside dans l’équilibre de leur capacité de production qui doit être suffisante pour répondre à la variation de la demande sans qu’elle ne devienne excédentaire et ou sous-utilisée. La stratégie étudiée dans le cadre de cette étude est celle de la collaboration interentreprises, plus précisément celle du partage de ressources (expertise, matériel, monétaire) entre des entreprises forestières de tous les secteurs d’activités. L’objectif principal de l’étude est de développer un cadre de référence pour guider les entreprises forestières à saisir davantage les opportunités de collaboration. Dans un premier temps, des entrevues individuelles ont été menées avec huit entreprises forestières afin de connaître leur compréhension et leur volonté de collaborer. Dans un deuxième temps, les dimensions conceptuelles qui forment la structure de la collaboration interentreprises ont fait l’objet d’un groupe focus de discussion entre 14 dirigeants d’entreprises forestières. Finalement, quatre situations réelles de collaboration interentreprises ont été étudiées pour déterminer les conditions requises à l’instauration des ententes de collaboration. Les résultats démontrent que le succès de la collaboration est initialement une question de volonté, mais aussi de contexte favorable. Ce succès peut toutefois être compromis par plusieurs facteurs dont le manque de confiance. Le cadre de référence permet d’outrepasser les différences individuelles des entreprises pour qu’elles puissent saisir les opportunités de collaboration. L’identification des besoins de l’entreprise et de son potentiel de collaboration est une prémisse essentielle à l’instauration des ententes de collaboration. Le cadre de référence des relations de collaboration illustre ainsi la progression entre différents niveaux de collaboration structurés en huit dimensions. Une application du cadre de référence à une situation fictive de collaboration a finalement permis de démontrer son adaptabilité au contexte forestier québécois. La collaboration, principalement la mutualisation des ressources, permet aux entreprises forestières de mieux utiliser les capacités de production existantes.
De nouvelles formes de compétition jusqu’ici inconnues des entreprises du secteur forestier ont fait leur apparition dans la dernière décennie. Pour performer, les entreprises forestières doivent désormais opter pour de nouvelles stratégies organisationnelles qui leur permettront d’accroître leur compétitivité et leur agilité. Le défi réside dans l’équilibre de leur capacité de production qui doit être suffisante pour répondre à la variation de la demande sans qu’elle ne devienne excédentaire et ou sous-utilisée. La stratégie étudiée dans le cadre de cette étude est celle de la collaboration interentreprises, plus précisément celle du partage de ressources (expertise, matériel, monétaire) entre des entreprises forestières de tous les secteurs d’activités. L’objectif principal de l’étude est de développer un cadre de référence pour guider les entreprises forestières à saisir davantage les opportunités de collaboration. Dans un premier temps, des entrevues individuelles ont été menées avec huit entreprises forestières afin de connaître leur compréhension et leur volonté de collaborer. Dans un deuxième temps, les dimensions conceptuelles qui forment la structure de la collaboration interentreprises ont fait l’objet d’un groupe focus de discussion entre 14 dirigeants d’entreprises forestières. Finalement, quatre situations réelles de collaboration interentreprises ont été étudiées pour déterminer les conditions requises à l’instauration des ententes de collaboration. Les résultats démontrent que le succès de la collaboration est initialement une question de volonté, mais aussi de contexte favorable. Ce succès peut toutefois être compromis par plusieurs facteurs dont le manque de confiance. Le cadre de référence permet d’outrepasser les différences individuelles des entreprises pour qu’elles puissent saisir les opportunités de collaboration. L’identification des besoins de l’entreprise et de son potentiel de collaboration est une prémisse essentielle à l’instauration des ententes de collaboration. Le cadre de référence des relations de collaboration illustre ainsi la progression entre différents niveaux de collaboration structurés en huit dimensions. Une application du cadre de référence à une situation fictive de collaboration a finalement permis de démontrer son adaptabilité au contexte forestier québécois. La collaboration, principalement la mutualisation des ressources, permet aux entreprises forestières de mieux utiliser les capacités de production existantes.
New forms of unknown competition between forestry companies have emerged in the last decade. To perform, forest companies need to find new organizational strategies to increase their competitiveness and agility. The challenge is to balance their production capacity so it can be enough to meet variation in the demand without becoming in excess and unutilized. This study focusses on the strategy of inter-firm collaboration, more specifically resource sharing (expertise, equipment, financial) between competing forest companies. The main objective is to develop a framework to help forest companies grasping more collaboration opportunities. As a first step, one-on-one interviews were done with eight forest companies to assess comprehension and willingness about collaboration. In a second step, the conceptual dimensions of business collaboration were discussed in a focus group with 14 forest companies. Finally, four business collaboration cases were explored to determine the required conditions for collaborative agreements. Results show that the success of the collaboration is mostly a matter of willingness but also favorable context. This success, however, can be compromised by several factors including lack of trust. The proposed framework enables to go beyond companies’ individual differences to seize collaboration opportunities. Identifying business needs and its collaboration potential is therefore an essential premise for developing collaboration agreements. The framework for collaborative relationships illustrates the progression between different levels of structured collaboration in eight dimensions. The application of the reference framework to a fictitious situation of collaboration has finally demonstrated its adaptability to the Quebec forestry context. Collaboration, mainly the pooling of resources, allows forest companies to make better use of existing production capacities.
New forms of unknown competition between forestry companies have emerged in the last decade. To perform, forest companies need to find new organizational strategies to increase their competitiveness and agility. The challenge is to balance their production capacity so it can be enough to meet variation in the demand without becoming in excess and unutilized. This study focusses on the strategy of inter-firm collaboration, more specifically resource sharing (expertise, equipment, financial) between competing forest companies. The main objective is to develop a framework to help forest companies grasping more collaboration opportunities. As a first step, one-on-one interviews were done with eight forest companies to assess comprehension and willingness about collaboration. In a second step, the conceptual dimensions of business collaboration were discussed in a focus group with 14 forest companies. Finally, four business collaboration cases were explored to determine the required conditions for collaborative agreements. Results show that the success of the collaboration is mostly a matter of willingness but also favorable context. This success, however, can be compromised by several factors including lack of trust. The proposed framework enables to go beyond companies’ individual differences to seize collaboration opportunities. Identifying business needs and its collaboration potential is therefore an essential premise for developing collaboration agreements. The framework for collaborative relationships illustrates the progression between different levels of structured collaboration in eight dimensions. The application of the reference framework to a fictitious situation of collaboration has finally demonstrated its adaptability to the Quebec forestry context. Collaboration, mainly the pooling of resources, allows forest companies to make better use of existing production capacities.
Bonhôte, Jérôme. "Forges à la catalane et évolution forestière dans les Pyrénées de la Haute-Ariège." Toulouse 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU20075.
Full textMazzei, de Freitas Lucas. "Durabilité écologique et économique de l'exploitation forestière pour la production de bois d'œuvre et pour le stockage du carbone en Amazonie." AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/61/11/75/PDF/Memoire_Lucas_MAZZEI_LAST.pdf.
Full textThe main objective of this study was to assess the ecological and economical sustainability of selective logging in the Amazonian context. Two sites were selected: 1) the site of Paracou in French Guiana where forest dynamics has been monitored since 1984; 2) a forest managed in the state of Pará, offering data on the impact of logging, its costs and revenues. At first, this work consisted of improving the Selva model elaborating 11 specific models to mortality and recruitment. The processes of standing dead trees and falling trees were identified by the models. The former mainly used biological variables characteristic of the tree whereas the latter preferentially included descriptive variables of the surrounding stand. Specific variables of stand structure and stand floristic composition allowed to model the recruitment of 30 species which were mainly pioneer/light demanding species. The inclusion of these models allowed to integrate 92 life strategies in the Selva model. The virtual forest so created shows a stand structure and specific diversity close to a primary forest. In the framework of the Brazilian forest legislation advocating 25-35 year - rotation cycles, logging simulation by Selva showed that it would be possible to harvest 4 trees/ha/cycle while maintaining the basal area 20% lower than the original one before logging. Selective logging generated benefits varying between 147 and 239 US$$/ha/year whereas deforestation ones were slightly higher (295 US$$/ha/year). A framework of financial compensation to change from a production system with a negative carbon balance (deforestation) to a selective logging would represent a Carbon Ton cost higher than US$$ 10
Tchakossa, Benoît. "L'exploitation et la protection des ressources forestières en République centrafricaine de la période précoloniale à nos jours." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT3006.
Full textLe, Guédard Pierre. "Exploitation forestière et colonisation 1890-1950 synthèse historique du développement de la Vallée de la Matapédia /." Thèse, [Rimouski, Québec] : Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2005.
Find full textTitre de lʹécran-titre (visionné le 1er septembre 2006). Mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Rimouski comme exigence partielle du programme de maîtrise en développement régional. Comprend un résumé. CaQRU CaQRU CaQRU Bibliogr.: f. [168]-173. Paraît aussi en éd. imprimée. CaQRU
Hô, Virginie-Mai. "La valeur économique de la biodiversité dans un cadre de zonage fonctionnel en aménagement forestier." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20072.
Full textPoncé, Florence. "La mise en valeur des ressources forestières en Russie (1985-1991) : un exemple de l'expérimentation spatiale soviétique." Paris, INALCO, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INAL0007.
Full textThis thesis begins with the study of the forest resource, the economic results and the exports. Those bad results create a feeling of revolt in the Russian society and a kind of "judgement" against the state agencies. We studied then the evolution of the locations of logging, industries. The regions are very specialized and the exchanges ( import/export ) between regions are very important. We tried to generalize this study to the whole spatial organization. The thesis is that the soviet government experimented new ways to organize the country. We studied the role of geographers in this process. The perestroika can be thought as the end of this soviet experiment, as the study of the reform shows it
Mabika, Jérôme. "Exploitation et gestion durable de la forêt gabonaise : analyse géographique et problèmes de gestion et d'aménagement forestier." Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30037.
Full textGharbi, Chourouk. "Étude du processus de planification des approvisionnements forestiers au Québec et mesure de sa performance." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25525.
Full textTilouche, Shaima. "Utilisation de la gestion des connaissances pour le développement d'un modèle d'optimisation de la planification des approvisionnements forestiers." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25064.
Full textWood procurement planning is a complex activity that requires collaboration between various actors. There have been several mathematical models formulated to help practitioners in the decision making process. But, only a few of these models are actually applied in practice. Planning is still done manually, based on experience and the sum of several individuals’ knowledge within the procurement department. One possible reason is that most models do not account for important factors related to data quality, information availability, and knowledge sharing within forest companies. Knowledge management has been proposed as a way to improve the performance of the planning process. Indeed, it enables companies to understand the information and knowledge required for planning. The objective of this project is to help forestry companies integrate optimization models to improve the planning process and the decisions quality. In fact, we aim to develop a mathematical model that depicts the industrial planning process. Finally, we want to determine the impact of better knowledge on planning decisions quality. First, a comparison between two existing mathematical models and the industrial process of a specific forestry company represented by Knowledge management mapping was done. Then, through this comparison, we developed a new mathematical model for procurement planning. Finally, this model has been used to evaluate the profit of improving the accuracy of the forestry inventory data. In order to do so, we compared the plan developed using accurate inventory data (obtained from the beginning of the planning horizon) with the plan adjusted monthly based on the accurate data. The comparison of the models with the industrials process showed that the gap between them is important. The differences measured were used in the development of the new mathematical model. This model reflects the industrial process. It has been used to determine the profit of a better accuracy inventory data. We found an important profit increase equal to 7% through improving the accuracy inventory data of 30%.
Camblanne, Lionel. "Les comportements de gestion des forestiers : contribution à la connaissance des conséquences de perspectives intergénérationnelles sur les décisions du dirigeant d'entreprise familiale." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40004.
Full textThe forest landowner can be set up as a model of a business manager who leads a wood manufacture, his woodland. He can be considered as a particular business manager whose activity is characterized by an unique decision, to cut or not to cut the trees ; and by a long planning horizon on several generations.Through the observation that the forest landowners' behaviors are not totally rational in comparison with the function of the woodland production, the research explores the origins of biases that affect behaviors, and specifically the family vision on business, due to the impact of each decision on the future of the coming generations. In this objective, based on psychological researches, a theoretical background is implemented, which proposes a model of the various biases that can affect managers.By comparing the different cases of forest landowners, the family vision is found as the origin of a conative bias that triggers a behavioral inertia. This inertia appears to be variable according to the specificities of the managers' families. The various forest landowners' behaviors allow to grasp new elements concerning behavioral governance through the proposition of both a behavior analyzing tool and a mechanism which aims to identify the origins of biases through a differential method , and allow to infer the mean to correct them
Soares, Ana Paulina Aguiar. "Disputas Territoriais na Floresta Amazônica : o caso de Manicoré (Amazonas, Brasil)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030087.
Full textThis thesis is an essay about Regional Geography, aiming at clarifying the modalities of occupation and the conflicts in Western Brazilian Amazonia, especially in the middle Madeira River valley, southern state of Amazonas. Since colonial times, this region is a disputed one: the right bank of the Amazon River became the boundary between the Portuguese and Spanish empires. Besides this passage way allowed to draw a boundary for a Grand Brazil. The thesis is grounded on the methods of geohistory and geopolitics. It opens a debate on how the actors take in account the environmental dimension, and bases its analysis on a conflict between a logging company and extractive communities, that live from collecting forest products. Social struggles hardly incorporate environmental dimension and the companies have difficulties in committing in the principles of social and environmental responsibilities. This work analyzes this time of adaptation to the standards and at various scales: the average course of the Madeira River, territorial vastness of the city of Manicoré and a community with a predestined name of Democracia [Democracy]. Good practices of a true forest management are slowly implemented and hardly handled or accepted in a local level. Nevertheless, all the actors of the environmental scene are challenged with bringing back the different uses of forests and rivers. And in particular those who care with the future of tropical forests and their inhabitants, and take the defense of their conceptions of territorial occupation
Esta tese consiste em um ensaio de Geografia Regional visando explicitar as modalidades de ocupação e os conflitos por elas ocasionadas na Amazônia Ocidental brasileira, especialmente no vale do médio rio Madeira, no sul do Estado do Amazonas. Nessa região disputada desde a época colonial, esse afluente da margem direita do rio Amazonas passou a ser o limite entre os impérios português e espanhol e uma via de passagem que serviu para desenhar um grande Brasil. Fundamentada nos métodos dageo-história e da geopolítica, a tese abre um debate sobre a tomada de consciência ambiental, aqui em particular com a análise do conflito entre uma empresa madeireira e comunidades extrativistas que vivem da coleta dos produtos florestais. As boas práticas de uma verdadeira gestão florestal, lentas quando aplicadas, não foram plenamente incorporadas nem aceitas localmente. Com dificuldades, as lutas sociais incorporaram a dimensão ambiental e, as empresas, os princípios das responsabilidades social e ambiental. É nesse momento de adaptação às normas que procuramos estudar nas diversas escalas: o curso médio do rio Madeira, a imensidade territorial do município de Manicoré e uma comunidade com um nome predestinado de Democracia. Enfim, fica o desafio de conciliar os usos diferenciados da floresta e dos rios que concerne a todos os atores da cena ambientalista que se preocupam com o futuro das florestas tropicais e de seus habitantes, em particular, em defesa das concepções de ocupação dos territórios pelos moradores
Elamin, Abdelrahman. "Liquéfaction du bois en deux étapes : solvolyse et hydrotraitement." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD485.
Full textThe objectives of this work is to define a liquefaction process to produce oil from wood rich in hydrocarbons compounds so as to be usable as an alternative fuel. The investigated process consist of two steps : solvolysis and upgrading. In presence of solvents that derived from lignin or from holocellulose, the experimental results show that it is possible to dissolve completely wood powder under relatively mild reaction conditions. Among the tested solvents, the mixture of phenol/ tetralin gives a complete conversion of wood with abetter regeneration of the initial solvents used and more than 50% of the oxygen content of the wood has been removed during the solvolysis. The yield of the solvolysis oil is 70 % wt. Of the initial dry wood. The upgrading step is mainly to remove the residual oxygen of the solvolysis oil in order to increase its heating value and to lower its viscosity. In presence of tetralin as hydrogen donner solvent, at 350°C and initial hydrogen pressure of 9 MPa. Within the tested catalysts the sulfied nickel molybdeum is the more efficient hence in presence of this catalyst under the above mentioned reaction condition, the refined oil yield is around 55% and its oxygen content is less than 2%. The heating value of the refined oil is 43 MJ/kg which can be classified as that of the petroleum’s product. This study allowed determining the optimal reaction condition of the solvolysis step, as well as that of the upgrading step for producing a refined oil usable as hydrocarbon fuel from wood. The refined oil can be used effectively for dissolving wood in the solvolysis step which justify that a continuous liquefaction process able to generate its own solvent can be realised
Laurens, Lucette. "Utiliser l'Aubrac, comment ?" Montpellier 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON30030.
Full textAubrac, the most meridional volcanic massif of the massif central distinguishes itself within the aveyron, cantal and lozere subdivisions. For thirty years, the local economy has overgone complete changes. However the agricultural prevails, the appearance of agricultural syndicalism promoted alterations and "vertical integration" of local agriculture. The improving of production components is the feature of the last twenty years. Those efforts to increase the productive capacity led to a specialization of local agriculture now concentrated on breeding of bovins for butchery. This evolution also involved important investments and considerable debts. In spite of this economical development, aubrac has been suffering during several decades a demographic falling-off. In 1982, only 14308 inhabitants were recorded for an average density of 10 inhabitants per square kilometre. This rural depopulation unbalances the communal structure. Thereby the valorization of the lands was abandonned in some communes. This is the occasion for the settlement of a diversification of the use of the space. Two possible guidances : forest and tourism. Those two channels have to be considered. They will have economical repercussions as a consequence but they will not affect the whole massif. So one can wonder whether we don't tend towards the emergence of poles while large green spaces would become marginal. This kind of evolution seems to come into operation in aubrac. Notwithstanding the fact that aubrac is economically handicapped, it benefits by the great advantage of the valued potential of people who will precisely decide its future
Kialo, Paulin. "Pové et forestiers face à la forêt gabonaise : esquisse d'une anthropologie comparée de la forêt." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H059.
Full textThe Pové people (a Gabonese ethnic group living in Ogooué-Lolo province) and French forestry workers have a very different conceptualization of what the "forest" is. Working from this difference, this thesis lays out a sketch, and develops some key principles, of a working anthropology of the concept "forest". Each of the two populations studied has a different cognitive model of what the forest is and what it does. In effect a cognitive model is ot the "forest" is a model of how the "forest" is humanized or brought under human control. And there is a long history in each case of how these groups relate to the forest. These models are identified as (i) pro-forest model and (ii) and anti-forest model, but this is just a rough first approximation. The real interest lies not in the extreme formulation of thesis and anti-thesis but in the various subtle ideological postures and practices that occupy the middle ground between the extremes. These are illustrated by drawing on examples from close at hand, namely the Pygmy populations of Gabon, and various ecologically-oriented NGOs that have projects in Gabon. The thesis also considers examples from historically more distant cultures such as the Pharos in Egypt and the Druids in Europe. By considering these various case studies, and using yhe comparative linguistic methodology familiar from Bantu research, the study proposes a model which comprises a comparative anthropology of the forest
Aubert, Sigrid. "Gestion patrimoniale et viabilité des politiques forestières à Madagascar : vers le droit à l'environnement ?" Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010321.
Full textMorin, François. "Planification collaborative dans l'environnement multiacteur public-privé des chaînes d'approvisionnement forestier du Québec : perspectives systémique, sociologique et informationnelle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36621.
Full textCollaborative planning is seen as a fundamental component of supply chain management. However, forest stands heterogeneity and the distributed environment of Québec’s forestry industry make it difficult to implement effective collaborative planning. In this context, forest planners have to face a double challenge. On the one hand, they must implement strategic orientations and respect the financial constraints specific to their organizations. On the other hand, they must work together to coordinate their supplies with the other factories that share the same territory. Reconciling these two elements of forest planning makes this exercise difficult. It is complex to reconcile the desire for autonomy of each organization and the need to co-ordinate factories’ supply. To address this issue, we explored the potential benefits of systems integration for the forest sector. The literature on this concept of organization and management of supply chains shows significant benefits for other manufacturing sectors. However, there is little evidence in the literature of the contributions of systems integration to the particular context of forest supply chains. We also mobilized some concepts from the field of supply chain collaboration. This field of research offers relevant insights to reflect on an appropriate multi-organizational governance model that reconciles the dichotomy between "autonomy" and "interdependence". To achieve our goals, we conducted a multiple case study using a qualitative research method. Five case studies were selected based, among other things, on the level of systems integration employed. As a result, we have been able to better understand how a system-integrator third party interacts with supply chain organizations to facilitate collaborative forest planning. From our results, we first observed that a system-integrator third party helps to make the forest planning process more efficient when there is a good fit between the level of complexity in the coordination context and the observed level of systems integration. We then found that a system-integrator third party helps to ensure and maintain a collaborative culture and build trust in the collaborative planning exercise being studied. Finally, a system-integrator third party allows forest supply chains under study to improve the management of information sharing by enhancing interoperability between ministry and industry organizations. Key words: Collaborative planning, forest planning, systems integration, supply chain collaboration, forest supply chain, case study, qualitative research.
Desrosiers, Mélanie. "Influence des coupes forestières sur la zone littorale des lacs boréaux et évaluation du rôle du biofilm périphytique dans l'accumulation et la production de méthylmercure /." Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal, 2005. http://accesbib.uqam.ca/cgi-bin/bduqam/transit.pl?&noMan=24042901.
Full textBertin, Charles. "Efficacité des marchés de bois bruts : économie expérimentale et industrielle." Grenoble 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE21001.
Full textThis thesis analyses the French timber auction mechanism and explores new market organizations to improve allocation efficiency and sellers' revenue, using experimental and theoretical tools. The first chapter gives a description of the French timber industry and underlines several important features of the sequential auction mechanism currently used by the Office National des Forêt (ONF) to sell public timber lots. In the second chapter we show, through a theoretical model, that switching from the actual sequential mechanism to a simultaneous auction could improve sellers' revenue. This result comes from economies of scale (or geographic complementarities as they are called in the literature) in the harvesting process that, if they are sufficiently large, yield higher bids in simultaneous auctions than in sequential ones. The third chapter extends this analysis by considering allocative externalities that may occur if bidders' preferences include geographic complementarities. In such a case, with a sequential auction, we show that buyers have an incentive to collude. Because there are not such incentives in a simultaneous auction, this mechanism could be a competing alternative to the sequential auction. In the last chapter we investigate the relevance of the first price payment function used by the ONF. Here, we experimentally compare a first price and a second price sealed bid auctions with buyers' preferences including complementarities. Contrary to theoretical predictions, we find that a first price mechanism yields higher revenues than second price auction
Denardou-Tisserand, Anaïs. "Changements du stock de bois sur pied des forêts françaises : description, analyse et simulation sur des horizons temporels pluri-décennal (1975 - 2015) et séculaire à partir des données de l'inventaire forestier national et de statistiques anciennes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0009.
Full textContext. After centuries of decrease, the forest area of most developed countries increase, a phenomenon termed “forest transition”. While current increase in growing stock (GS) is greater than that in area, it remains far less studied. These changes are linked to major current issues. It is essential to assess these changes, to decipher their underlying causes, and to quantify them over the longer term in order to locate current forest resources on a broad trajectory and to anticipate their future dynamics. This thesis is dedicated to French metropolitan forests, which exhibit the most intensive changes in the growing stock in Europe, and relies on data from the French NFI program. Objectives. (1) Analyse forest areal, GS and GS density (GSD) changes and their spatio-temporal variations over 40 years (1975-2015). They were related to factors hypothesized to feature forest changes (geographical contexts, ownership and species composition). We screened for changes in the rate of expansion. The relationships between GS changes and some forest attributes (initial GS and GSD, recent forest area increase) were investigated. (2) Uncover the processes of GS changes and to split the GS expansion magnitude across dynamically-homogeneous forest ensembles. The study was based on GS flux estimation (growth, ingrowth, mortality and harvest). (3) Locate the actual GS expansion in a secular perspective. This analysis consisted in reconstructing the GS chronology since 1850. Levels of GS in 1892, 1908 and 1929 (associated to area of ancient statistics) were estimated using a conditional imputation approach for GSD estimation. Then, a holistic growing stock densification model was implemented to inquire the conditions required on densification patterns and magnitude to simulate the reconstituted GS chronology. Results. (1) Over 40 years, GS increases were three times faster than the areal ones, underlining the intensity of forest densification. No sign of saturation was found. Private forests, and mainly broadleaved ones, presented the greatest GS and GSD increases, suggesting the essential role of natural expansion and agricultural land abandonment. Regression models revealed the positive effect of initial GS and of recent areal increases on GS expansion. (2) The analysis of GS expansion processes evidenced the low level of harvests in comparison to forest growth, and the contribution of recent forests to wood resource development. It led to identify 4 synthetic forest ensembles contributing to the expansion and of distinct dynamics, mainly composed of private forests. (3) GS suggested a very low mean GSD at the beginning of the period (25 m3/ha) and a GS increase by almost +300% between 1892 and 2010, underlying the importance of this expansion. A convex growth model was required to simulate historical forest densification, attesting of a significant inertia in wood resource reconstitution after the forest transition, interpreted based on a gradual decrease in harvest rates for which indices were collected, or to a gradual recovery of site fertility. The analysis also suggested a distinct kinetics for GS densification in plantation forests. Conclusions. These researches reveal the magnitude of GS expansion and the importance of its analysis across forest contexts. This ancient expansion does not present any current sign of saturation and constitute a persistent carbon sink which should not decrease in the next decades assuming similar contextual conditions. According to the process analysis of GS expansion, a significant fraction of the GS increases does not constitute readily available additional wood resources. Thus, future harvest intensification policies must be contextualized and evolving in time
Dura, Helin-Subhi. "Étude des partenariats économiques entre les communautés autochtones et l’industrie forestière au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66576.
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