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Journal articles on the topic 'Exploitation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Mayer, Robert. "Guestworkers and Exploitation." Review of Politics 67, no. 2 (2005): 311–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500033532.

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Are guestworker programs exploitative? Egalitarian and neoclassical theories of exploitation agree that they always are. But these judgments are too indiscriminate. Privileged guests are the exception, and the exception points toward a more sensitive standard for identifying exploitation. This more sensitive standard, the sufficiency theory of exploitation, is used to analyze several guestworker programs. Even when guestworker programs are exploitative, it is argued that the unfairness should be tolerated if the exploitation is modest, not severe, and if the most likely nonexploitative alterna

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2

Kuyumcuoğlu, Huseyin S. "Reassessing the Exploitation Charge in Sweatshop Labor." Croatian journal of philosophy 23, no. 68 (2023): 221–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52685/cjp.23.68.6.

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One common argument against sweatshops is that they are exploitative. Exploitation is taken as sufficient reason to condemn sweatshops as unjust and to argue that sweatshop owners have a moral duty to offer better working conditions to their employees. In this article, I argue that any exploitation theory falls short of covering all standard cases of sweatshops as exploitative. In going through the most prominent theories of exploitation, I explain why any given sweatshop can either be wrongfully exploitative or not, depending on the exploitation theory being considered and the circumstances o

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3

Wood, Allen W. "Exploitation." Social Philosophy and Policy 12, no. 2 (1995): 136–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500004702.

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It is commonly thought that exploitation is unjust; some think it is part of the very meaning of the word ‘exploitation’ that it is unjust. Those who think this will suppose that the just society has to be one in which people do not exploit one another, at least on a large scale. I will argue that exploitation is not unjust by definition, and that a society (such as our own) might be fundamentally just while nevertheless being pervasively exploitative. I do think that exploitation is nearly always a bad thing, and wul try to identify the moral belief which makes most of us think it is. But I w

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4

Akman, Pinar. "The Role of Exploitation in Abuse under Article 82 EC." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 11 (2009): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888712802730684.

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AbstractThere is a distinction between exclusionary and exploitative abuse. An exploitative abuse directly harms customers whilst an exclusionary abuse may indirectly harm consumers. Whilst the EC Commission expresses the objective of Article 82 EC as enhancing consumer welfare, its review of the application of Article 82 EC and its 2008 Guidance on enforcement priorities is limited to exclusionary abuses and excludes consideration of exploitative abuses. This chapter argues that exploitation—direct harm to the customer—is a necessary element of an Article 82 EC infringement. However, mere exp

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Akman, Pinar. "The Role of Exploitation in Abuse under Article 82 EC." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 11 (2009): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000001579.

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Abstract There is a distinction between exclusionary and exploitative abuse. An exploitative abuse directly harms customers whilst an exclusionary abuse may indirectly harm consumers. Whilst the EC Commission expresses the objective of Article 82 EC as enhancing consumer welfare, its review of the application of Article 82 EC and its 2008 Guidance on enforcement priorities is limited to exclusionary abuses and excludes consideration of exploitative abuses. This chapter argues that exploitation—direct harm to the customer—is a necessary element of an Article 82 EC infringement. However, mere ex

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6

Yoshihara, Naoki, and Roberto Veneziani. "THE THEORY OF EXPLOITATION AS THE UNEQUAL EXCHANGE OF LABOUR." Economics and Philosophy 34, no. 3 (2018): 381–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267118000238.

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Abstract:This paper explores the foundations of the theory of exploitation as the unequal exchange of labour (UEL). The key intuitions behind all of the main approaches to UEL exploitation are explicitly analysed as a series of formal axioms in a general economic environment. Then, a single domain condition calledLabour Exploitationis formulated, which summarizes the foundations of UEL exploitation theory, defines the basic domain of all UEL exploitation forms, and identifies the formal and theoretical framework for the analysis of the appropriate definition of exploitation.

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Li, Wei, Rayford B. Vaughn, and Yoginder S. Dandass. "An Approach to Model Network Exploitations Using Exploitation Graphs." SIMULATION 82, no. 8 (2006): 523–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549706072046.

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8

Hartsock, Michael, and Eric Roark. "Exploitation without Exchange." International Journal of Applied Philosophy 33, no. 2 (2019): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijap202033129.

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Extant accounts of exploitation typically focus on either an exchange or interaction between persons, or on exploitative systems (i.e., global capitalism). We propose a new account of exploitation that focuses instead on the benefits an exploiter enjoys which are had at the expense of another, the exploited party. This account is developed by considering the benefits enjoyed by consumers (e.g., inexpensive sweatshop-made goods) and the manner in which those benefits are produced (e.g., the loss of dignity suffered by sweatshop workers). On our account, an exploitative relationship need not inv

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9

Ge, Baoshan, Yaqing Sun, Yong Chen, and Yang Gao. "Opportunity exploitation and resource exploitation." Internet Research 26, no. 2 (2016): 498–528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-04-2015-0123.

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Purpose – Guided by the proposed opportunity and resource integrative entrepreneurial growth model, the purpose of this paper is to explore how different opportunity type firms grow integrally and what the laws for different opportunity integration growth modes are. Design/methodology/approach – A multiple case study on six firms in information and communication technologies industry in China is conducted. Findings – Three types of entrepreneurial opportunities exist. These are identification type opportunity, discovery type opportunity, and creation type opportunity. Entrepreneurship among th

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10

Burnette, Jeni L., Michael E. McCullough, Daryl R. Van Tongeren, and Don E. Davis. "Forgiveness Results From Integrating Information About Relationship Value and Exploitation Risk." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 38, no. 3 (2011): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167211424582.

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Exploitation is a fact of life for social organisms, and natural selection gives rise to revenge mechanisms that are designed to deter such exploitations. However, humans may also possess cognitive forgiveness mechanisms designed to promote the restoration of valuable social relationships following exploitation. In the current article, the authors test the hypothesis that decisions about forgiveness result from a computational system that combines information about relationship value and exploitation risk to produce decisions about whom to forgive following interpersonal offenses. The authors

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11

Steiner, Hillel. "EXPLOITATION, INTENTIONALITY AND INJUSTICE." Economics and Philosophy 34, no. 3 (2017): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267117000220.

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12

Schwartz, Justin. "In Defence of Exploitation." Economics and Philosophy 11, no. 2 (1995): 275–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267100003400.

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Roemer has a striking and novel criticism of Marx's thesis that capitalism is exploitative. Even if so, Roemer claims, that does not establish that it is morally objectionable. He argues from idealized models that involve what he calls ‘Marxian exploitation’, but do not have the consequences which, he says, Marxists think make exploitation bad – domination, alienation, and inequality – or have them only in unobjectionable ways. These models, Roemer thinks, show that the moral problem with capitalism that Marxian exploitation locates only imperfectly is unjust inequality. He develops an alterna

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13

Sample, Ruth. "Sexual Exploitation and the Social Contract." Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 28 (2002): 189–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2002.10717587.

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Nearly everyone agrees that sexual exploitation occurs and that, when it does, it is morally wrong. However, there is substantial disagreement over what constitutes sexual exploitation and why it is wrong. Is sex between freely consenting adults ever exploitative? Is prostitution always exploitative? What features of sexually exploitative interactions lead us to regard them as morally wrong? And if sexual exploitation is morally wrong, what should be done about it?These are not new questions for the social philosopher. However, recent criticisms of social contract theory may lead us to wonder

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14

Lee, Yewon Andrea. "Relocating exploitation." focaal 2023, no. 97 (2023): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2023.970104.

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Abstract In light of recent trends toward “jobless growth” and increased wagelessness, a debate has arisen concerning whether there is an “outside” of capitalism. Surplus populations that are superfluous to the needs of the capitalist class can, it has been argued, constitute this “outside,” with some among them sustaining a living unscathed by capitalist exploitation. However, in my case study of tenant shopkeepers in South Korea, I demonstrate how supposedly superfluous livelihood activities are subsumed in exploitative capitalist relations when the urban commercial properties in which tenan

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15

Chelliah, John. "Labour exploitation." Human Resource Management International Digest 24, no. 3 (2016): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hrmid-12-2015-0180.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the risks faced by employers as a result of subjecting vulnerable employees to exploitative business practices that are akin to slavery. Design/methodology/approach The study considers examples of exploitative approaches that employers have recently adopted. Findings The paper reveals that employers should be aware of the serious legal consequences including imprisonment that could result from slavery like business practices. Research limitations/implications Guides managers in preventing claims of slavery. Practical implications The paper serv

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16

Maffettone, Pietro. "On Trade and Exploitation." Moral Philosophy and Politics 9, no. 1 (2021): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mopp-2021-0013.

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Abstract In this essay I critically engage with Mathias Risse and Gabriel Wollner’s book On Trade Justice: A Philosophical Plea for a New Global Deal. I sketch their general view of the concept of exploitation and of trade exploitation more specifically. I then suggest that, contra Risse and Wollner, exploitation belongs to non-ideal theory. In addition, I argue that Risse and Wollner have not shown that the WTO is exploitative, and argue that their account of fair wages suffers from a number of weaknesses both on the cost and contribution sides.

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17

Gorr, Michael, and Alan Wertheimer. "Exploitation." Philosophical Review 107, no. 2 (1998): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2998489.

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18

Grechko, P. K. "Exploitation." Russian Studies in Philosophy 32, no. 3 (1993): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/rsp1061-1967320358.

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19

Arnold, Denis G. "Exploitation." Business Ethics Quarterly 15, no. 4 (2005): 733. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq200515436.

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20

Rudman, William J., and Patty Verdi. "Exploitation." Women & Health 20, no. 4 (1993): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j013v20n04_01.

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21

Ferguson, Benjamin, and Roberto Veneziani. "EXPLOITATION." Economics and Philosophy 34, no. 3 (2018): 291–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026626711800041x.

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The notion of exploitation is prominent in political discourse and policy debates. It is central in analyses of labour relations, especially focusing on the weakest segments of the labour force including women and children (International Labour Office 2017a, 2017b). It features in controversies on surrogate motherhood (Wood 1995; Wertheimer 1996), and on drug-testing and the price of life-saving drugs, especially in developing countries.

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22

Underwood, A. J. "Exploitation of exploitation of rocky shores?" Trends in Ecology & Evolution 10, no. 2 (1995): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(00)88989-2.

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23

Snyder, Jeremy. "Exploitation and Sweatshop Labor: Perspectives and Issues." Business Ethics Quarterly 20, no. 2 (2010): 187–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/beq201020215.

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ABSTRACT:In this review, I survey theoretical accounts of exploitation in business, chiefly through the example of low wage or sweatshop labor. Labor of this kind is often described as self-evidently exploitative and immoral. But for defenders of sweatshops as the first rung on a ladder toward greater economic development, the charge that sweatshop labor is self-evidently exploitative is unconvincing. I aim to accomplish three tasks. First, I will provide an overview of the many different uses of the charge of exploitation in business practice through an examination of the uses of the term in

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24

P. R. Kousalya, P. R. Kousalya, T. Mohan T. Mohan, and S. Yuvaraj S. Yuvaraj. "Exploitation of Consumers." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 2, no. 2 (2012): 223–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/feb2013/79.

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25

Hamid, Haezreena Begum Abdul. "Enduring Abuse for the Sake of Remittance: The sacrifices of trafficking victims." Anti-Trafficking Review, no. 24 (April 29, 2025): 41–56. https://doi.org/10.14197/atr.201225243.

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This article discusses the interrelationship between exploitative practices and financial empowerment of trafficked women. It provides a nuanced understanding of women’s motivations for migration and considers the impact of migration on victims and their families. Drawing from three months of observations and 18 qualitative interviews with female victims of trafficking in Malaysia, the article discusses women’s perception of financial empowerment and the sacrifice, pain, and suffering they endured in exchange for an exploitative income. The findings revolve around three main themes: (i) the ro

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26

Rodgers, Lamont. "Exploitation as Theft vs. Exploitation as Underpayment." Disputatio 7, no. 40 (2015): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/disp-2015-0003.

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Abstract Marxists claim capitalists unjustly exploit workers, and this exploitation is to show that workers ought to hold more than they do. This paper presents two accounts of exploitation. The Theft Account claims that capitalists steal some of the value to which workers are entitled. The Underpayment Account holds that capitalists are not entitled to pay workers as little as they do, even if the workers are not entitled to the full value they produce. This paper argues that only the Theft Account can explain why workers ought to hold more than they do. The Underpayment Account cannot yield

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27

Yoshihara, Naoki, and Roberto Veneziani. "Exploitation of Labor and Exploitation of Commodities." Review of Radical Political Economics 45, no. 4 (2013): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613412475192.

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28

Buss, David M. "The role of emotions in adaptations for exploitation." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 32, no. 5 (2009): 391–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x09991087.

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AbstractEmotion expression serves functions in exploitative resource-acquisition strategies that may not include relationship reciprocity. These include rendering victims more exploitable and signaling one's status as non-exploitable. A comprehensive theory of emotion expressions must explain their role in adaptations for exploitation, as well as evolved defenses against those pursuing a strategy of exploitation.

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29

AGABRIEL, C., J. B. COULON, and G. MARTY. "Facteurs de variation du rapport des teneurs en matières grasses et protéiques du lait de vache : étude dans les exploitations des Alpes du Nord." INRAE Productions Animales 4, no. 2 (1991): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1991.4.2.4326.

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Soixante deux exploitations laitières des Alpes du Nord ont fait l’objet d’une enquête détaillée concernant à la fois la structure de l’exploitation et du troupeau, la qualité des fourrages et les pratiques alimentaires hivernales et estivales. Ces données ont permis d’analyser les variations de la composition chimique du lait d’une exploitation à l’autre, et en particulier du rapport taux butyreux/taux protéique. Celui-ci a présenté des variations très importantes d’une exploitation à l’autre et d’un mois à l’autre. Selon les exploitations, ces variations sont dues surtout à celles du taux bu

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30

Sroka, Anton, Stanisław Knothe, Krzysztof Tajduś, and Rafał Misa. "Underground exploitations inside safety pillar shafts when considering the effective use of a coal deposit." Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi 31, no. 3 (2015): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gospo-2015-0027.

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Abstract Underground mining exploitation creates damage in surface building structure and in underground constructions as well. For this reason, many mining companies gave up carrying out excavations in safety pillar shafts. Currently, the situation on the market is changing. The continuous increase in excavation depth combined with an increase in exploitation costs resulted in many mining companies trying to find cheaper solutions. One of the methods is to carry out partial exploitations inside safety pillar shafts. Such exploitation is much cheaper than ordinary, because it decreases the exp

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31

Rijken, Conny. "Legal Approaches to Combating the Exploitation of Third-Country National Seasonal Workers." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 31, Issue 4 (2015): 431–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2015024.

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The Directive on Seasonal Workers is aimed at combating exploitative practices vis-à-vis seasonal workers from outside the EU. After a thorough analysis of the conditions under which practices can be qualified as exploitative, this article assesses the extent to which the directive is equipped to combat such practices. It concludes that the directive has made progress by addressing situations that are prone to exploitation, using multiple legal approaches. However, it will largely depend on the willingness of the Member States whether the directive will achieve its aim to combat situations of

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32

Lee, Jongseon, and Nami Kim. "Know yourself and find your partners." Management Research Review 42, no. 12 (2019): 1333–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-06-2018-0244.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine whether balancing exploration and exploitation rather than emphasizing one over the other leads to better performance. This study also examines the effects of different kinds of external collaboration on a firm’s performance in relation to the firm’s current innovative direction that shows firms’ internal weighting of exploration or exploitation. Design/methodology/approach Data on Korean manufacturing firms collected from the Korean Innovation Survey were used to test the hypotheses. This study suggested the concept of innovative direction (θ) to examine cur

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Boufkhed, Sabah, Nicki Thorogood, Cono Ariti, and Mary Alison Durand. "Building a better understanding of labour exploitation's impact on migrant health: An operational framework." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (2022): e0271890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271890.

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Background There is limited evidence on labour exploitation’s impact on migrant health. This population is, however, often employed in manual low-skilled jobs known for poor labour conditions and exploitation risks. The lack of a common conceptualisation of labour exploitation in health research impedes the development of research measuring its effects on migrant health and, ultimately, our understanding of migrants’ health needs. Aim To develop an operational conceptual framework of labour exploitation focusing on migrant workers in manual low-skilled jobs. Methods Non-probabilistic sampling

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34

Chalmers, Beverley, and Dana L. Solomon. "Academic exploitation." Lancet 400, no. 10347 (2022): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00922-9.

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35

Avent-Holt, Dustin. "Reconceptualizing Exploitation." Social Currents 2, no. 3 (2015): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329496515589854.

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36

Wood, Allen. "Unjust Exploitation." Southern Journal of Philosophy 54 (September 2016): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sjp.12187.

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37

Freeman, Guo, Jeffrey Bardzell, Shaowen Bardzell, and Nathan McNeese. "Mitigating Exploitation." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 4, CSCW1 (2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3392864.

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38

Di Cecco, Simone, and Noemi Martorano. "Exploitation humanitaire." Journal des anthropologues 176-177 (2024): 229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/12m8t.

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Magan, Naresh. "Bio-Exploitation." Mycological Research 106, no. 7 (2002): 863–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756202216652.

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40

Chan, Anita, and Kaxton Siu. "ANALYZING EXPLOITATION." Critical Asian Studies 42, no. 2 (2010): 167–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2010.486599.

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41

Zwolinski, Matt. "STRUCTURAL EXPLOITATION." Social Philosophy and Policy 29, no. 1 (2011): 154–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026505251100015x.

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AbstractIt is commonly claimed that workers in sweatshops are wrongfully exploited by their employers. The economist's standard response to this claim is to point out that sweatshops provide their workers with tremendous benefits, more than most workers elsewhere in the economy receive and more than most of those who complain about sweatshop exploitation provide. Perhaps, though, the wrongfulness of sweatshop exploitation is to be found not in the discrete interaction between a sweatshop and its employees, but in the unjust political and economic institutions against which that interaction tak

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42

Snyder, Jeremy C. "Needs Exploitation." Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 11, no. 4 (2008): 389–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10677-008-9115-9.

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Rick, T. C., and J. M. Erlandson. "Coastal Exploitation." Science 325, no. 5943 (2009): 952–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1178539.

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Stone, Louise. "Normalising exploitation." British Journal of General Practice 74, no. 739 (2024): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp24x736305.

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Martorano, Noemi, and Simone Di Cecco. "Exploitation humanitaire." Journal des anthropologues 176-177, no. 1 (2024): 229–33. https://doi.org/10.3917/jda.176.0229.

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Sarthak, Aryan, and Boruah Jayanta. "Indian Democracy In Promoting Freedom From Exploitation Under Article 23 OF The Indian Constitution." Legal Vidya 2, no. 1 (2021): 108–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6966971.

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India is a country with a democratic constitution that speaks for civil liberties for all its citizens. Freedom from exploitation is a basic right for all citizens of a democratic country because, if a citizen is not free from exploitation, then a country cannot be justified as a democratic one. The theoretical parameters of democracy argue for its institutions, via- Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary to adopt a mechanism for excluding all forms of exploitations by ensuring civil liberties to all its citizens. However, India besides being a democratic country has not been fully able to ensu

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Kim, Andrea. "Human resource strategies for organizational ambidexterity." Employee Relations: The International Journal 41, no. 4 (2019): 678–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-09-2017-0228.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a comprehensive framework that delineates how human resource (HR) practices are differentially configured for exploitative and explorative innovation as well as how the sets of HR practices support these two types of innovation. Design/methodology/approach Based on the structural ambidexterity approach and a bottom-up process in the multilevel theories, this research derives the need for the differential managerial structures for exploitation and exploration at the unit level. In addition, the Input–Process–Outcome model of team effectiveness and

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48

Reiman, Jeffrey. "An Alternative to ‘Distributive’ Marxism: Further Thoughts on Roemer, Cohen and Exploitation." Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 15 (1989): 299–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1989.10716802.

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G. A. Cohen and John Roemer, two of the most influential of the ‘Analytic Marxists,’ have argued convincingly that the Marxian concept of exploitation must include injustice as part of its definition. ‘Exploitation’ is more like ‘murder’ which includes injustice in its very meaning, than like ‘killing’ which describes a fact which is often unjust but need not be. ‘Forced extraction of unpaid or surplus labor,’ then, is not sufficient for exploitation. The extraction must be unjust to be exploitative. Otherwise we would have to call it exploitation if people were forced to labor without pay as

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Pramudita, Ridho Sandy, and Osly Usman. "The Effect Of Employee Exploitation On Company Profits And Employee Retention." International Student Conference on Business, Education, Economics, Accounting, and Management (ISC-BEAM) 3, no. 1 (2025): 2623–34. https://doi.org/10.21009/isc-beam.013.189.

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This research aims to analyze the effect of employee exploitation on company profits and employee retention with job satisfaction as a mediating variable. Employee exploitation is an important issue in the modern business world because it can affect the financial aspects and sustainability of an organization. Research data was collected through a questionnaire involving 100 respondents from various industrial sectors. Analysis was carried out using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method. The research results show that employee exploitation has a significant negative influence on job satisfacti

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Renault, Emmanuel. "Enjeux, justifications et portée de la thèse du caractère exploitatif du capitalisme." Rivista Italiana di Filosofia Politica, no. 2 (June 9, 2022): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/rifp-1682.

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This article argues that the thesis of the exploitative character of capitalism still provides one of the main critiques that can be applied to capitalism as a social and economic logic. As a first step, this article analyzes different types of critiques of capitalism in order to measure the stakes of the critique of its exploitative character. As a second step, it discusses the justifications of the thesis of the exploitative character of capitalism, emphasizing that some of these justifications are not dependent on Marx’s theory of value, contrary to what is sometimes claimed. The third step

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