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Bala, Masud. "Effects of IFRS adoption on the financial statements of Nigerian listed entities : the case of oil and gas companies." Thesis, Abertay University, 2015. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/2a81c014-18a6-4372-90c8-985f6ad8e0d3.
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On 28 July 2010, the Nigerian Federal Executive Council approved January 1, 2012 as the effective date for the convergence of Nigerian Statement of Accounting Standards (SAS) or Nigerian GAAP (NG-GAAP) with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). By this pronouncement, all publicly listed companies and significant public interest entities in Nigeria were statutorily required to issue IFRS based financial statements for the year ended December, 2012. This study investigates the impact of the adoption of IFRS on the financial statements of Nigerian listed Oil and Gas entities using six years of data which covers three years before and three years after IFRS adoption in Nigeria and other African countries. First, the study evaluates the impact of IFRS adoption on the Exploration and Evaluation (E&E) expenditures of listed Oil and Gas companies. Second, it examines the impact of IFRS adoption on the provision for decommissioning of Oil and Gas installations and environmental rehabilitation expenditures. Third, the study analyses the impact of the adoption of IFRS on the average daily Crude Oil production cost per Barrel. Fourth, it examines the extent to which the adoption and implementation of IFRS affects the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of listed Oil and Gas companies. The study further explores the impact of IFRS adoption on the contractual relationships between Nigerian Government and Oil and Gas companies in terms of Joint Ventures (JVs) and Production Sharing Contracts (PSCs) as it relates to taxes, royalties, bonuses and Profit Oil Split. A Paired Samples t-test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and Gray’s (Gray, 1980) Index of Conservatism analyses were conducted simultaneously where the accounting numbers, financial ratios and industry specific performance measures of GAAP and IFRS were computed and analysed and the significance of the differences of the mean, median and Conservatism Index values were compared before and after IFRS adoption. Questionnaires were then administered to the key stakeholders in the adoption and implementation of IFRS and the responses collated and analysed. The results of the analyses reveal that most of the accounting numbers, financial ratios and industry specific performance measures examined changed significantly as a result of the transition from GAAP to IFRS. The E&E expenditures and the mean cost of Crude Oil production per barrel of Oil and Gas companies increased significantly. The GAAP values of inventories, GPM, ROA, Equity and TA were also significantly different from the IFRS values. However, the differences in the provision for decommissioning expenditures were not statistically significant. Gray’s (Gray, 1980) Conservatism Index shows that Oil and Gas companies were more conservative under GAAP when compared to the IFRS regime. The Questionnaire analyses reveal that IFRS based financial statements are of higher quality, easier to prepare and present to management and easier to compare among competitors across the Oil and Gas sector but slightly more difficult to audit compared to GAAP based financial statements. To my knowledge, this is the first empirical research to investigate the impact of IFRS adoption on the financial statements of listed Oil and Gas companies. The study will therefore make an enormous contribution to academic literature and body of knowledge and void the existing knowledge gap regarding the impact and implications of IFRS adoption on the financial statements of Oil and Gas companies.
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Santos, Pedro Miguel Matos dos. "Investment in new HUB for Oil & Gas Engineering Centres by Oil & Gas Services Companies." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7882.
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Mestrado em Finanças<br>O renovado interesse na indústria petrolífera coloca-a no topo da lista de prioridades de investimento estrangeiro para alguns países. A competitividade empresarial é um factor bastante importante numa Sociedade global e, como tal, um factor que não pode ser descurado a este nível.
O objectivo deste trabalho assenta no estudo de uma decisão de investimento referente à possível expansão da actividade de empresas prestadoras de serviços na indústria petrolífera.
Além da definição do enunciado da situação, uma resolução é apresentada. Esta resolução assenta em três metodologias distintas:
- Modelo Free Cash-Flow;
- Análise Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities e Threats (SWOT);
- Modelo Matriz Híbrida.
O modelo de Free Cash-Flow permitiu considerar os custos de capital de cada empresa e chegar a uma conclusão sobre o país/local que apresenta as métricas financeiras mais apelativas.
A análise SWOT oferece-nos uma visão mais generalista acerca dos países considerados sobre a perspectiva de investimento..
Com o intuito de analisar factores estratégicos induzidos por parâmetros externos (de forma a não considerar apenas métricas financeiras), foi criada uma Matriz Híbrida e foi realizada a respectiva análise.
Neste seguimento, os resultados apresentados pelo Modelo de Matriz Híbrida deverão ser considerados aquando da decisão de expansão.
Foi possível concluir que a melhor opção base é a criação de um escritório em Portugal. Apesar desta conclusão, a solução óptima é observada quando contabilizamos os custos de abrir um escritório em Portugal e quando, simultaneamente, consideramos os impostos que são pagos na Holanda (devido à sua política de impostos mais atractiva).<br>The renewed interest in the Oil & Gas sector places this Industry at the top of the list of priorities for some countries in order to attract foreign investment. Corporate competitiveness is, therefore, an extremely important vehicle for a globalized Society.
The aim of the present work was to study the possible investment contemplated by an expansion decision taken by some Oil & Gas Services companies.
Besides the definition of the problem, an adequate resolution is also presented. This resolution is sustained by three distinct methodologies:
- Free Cash-Flow Model;
- Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis;
- Hybrid Matrix Model.
The Free Cash-Flow Model enabled us to consider costs of capital and come to a decision regarding the country that presented the best financial results.
The SWOT analysis provided a more generalist view over the several analysed countries.
With the purpose of analysing strategic factors induced by external parameters (besides the financial field), the Hybrid Matrix Model was created and a study was carried out.
Subsequently, the results presented by the Hybrid Matrix Model shall be taken into account when choosing a location for an international expansion.
It was possible to conclude that the best base scenario is observed when opening an Office in Portugal. However, the optimal solution would be opening an Office in Portugal and account the profits/losses in the Netherlands, mixing the country that presents the lowest costs with the country that has the best taxation policies.
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Calvanese, Giordano. "Volumetric deep learning techniques in oil & gas exploration." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20556/.
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This work consisted in the study and application of volumetric Deep Learning (DL) approach to seismic data provided by Eni S.p.A., with an industrial utility perspective.
After a series of fruitful meetings with the Upstream & Technical Services team, we clearly defined the final objective of this approach: the automatic search for geological structures such as turbidite channel-bases, as potential regions of interest for the Oil & Gas industry. Therefore, we defined a workflow based on the training of volumetric DL models over seismic horizons containing channel bases providing “windrose” input patches, i.e. a planar approximation of a three-dimensional volume.
All components and sources of criticality were systematically analyzed. For this purpose we studied: the effect of preprocessing, the contribution of the dataset augmentation, the sensitivity for the channel-base manual segmentation, the effect of the spatial expansion of the input patches. Evaluating both qualitatively and quantitatively through K-fold cross-validation.
This work showed: how an appropriate preprocessing of the original data substantially helps DL models, how the dataset augmentation is fundamental for good model generalization given the poor representativity of the accessible examples compared to all possible configurations, how this DL approach is susceptible to the channel-base segmentation imposing to invest sufficient effort in the generation of reliable labels, how the size of input patches must be large enough to allow models to perceive around each voxel the structure concavity and the texture of any sediment infill.
We conclude that the volumetric DL approach developed in this work has proved to be very promising.
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Wilson, Timothy George Edmund. "Financial aspects of the oil and gas exploration and production industry." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302980.
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Masoni, Isabella. "Inversion of surface waves in an oil and gas exploration context." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU029/document.
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La caractérisation de la proche surface est un enjeu majeur pour l'industrie pétrolière. Lors des acquisitions terrestres et Ocean Bottom Cable (OBC), les couches superficielles généralement altérées ou peu consolidées, présentent des structures géologiques complexes et ont éventuellement des variations topographiques importantes. Les ondes de surface, énergétiques, se propagent dans ce milieu complexe et dominent les sismogrammes, ce qui masque le signal utile pour le traitement sismique classique et rend difficile l'imagerie à la profondeur du réservoir.Il est donc important de pouvoir atténuer ces ondes, éventuellement d'appliquer des corrections statiques et/ou d'amplitude. Ceci qui nécessite une connaissance précise du modèle de vitesse de la proche surface. L'étude de la dispersion des ondes de surface est couramment utilisée en sismologie globale et à l'échelle géotechnique pour évaluer les propriétés des milieux terrestres. Il existe néanmoins des limitations: la mesure de cette dispersion est souvent difficile et les profils de vitesses obtenus sont 1D. A l'échelle pétrolière, l'hypothèse 1D n'est pas toujours adaptée, ce qui motive l'utilisation d'une méthode alternative d'imagerie plus haute résolution, la méthode d'inversion de la forme d'onde (FWI). Cependant, le modèle de vitesse initial doit être assez précis pour éviter le "cycle-skipping" et permettre la convergence vers la solution optimale.Cette étude explore différentes alternatives de fonctions coûts pour résoudre le "cycle-skipping" et diminuer la dépendance de l'inversion à la qualité du modèle initial. En exprimant les fonctions coûts dans le domaine f-k (fréquence-nombre d'onde) et le domaine f-p (fréquence-lenteur), la FWI est plus robuste. A l'aide d'exemples synthétiques, nous démontrons l'efficacité de ces nouvelles approches qui permettent bien de retrouver les variations latérales de vitesses d'onde S.Dans une seconde partie, nous développons une inversion FWI en "layer stripping", adaptée spécifiquement à la physique des ondes de surface. Comme la profondeur de pénétration de ces ondes dépend de leur longueur d'onde, et donc, de leur contenu fréquentiel, nous proposons d'inverser séquentiellement des plus hautes aux plus basses fréquences de ces ondes pour contraindre successivement les couches superficielles jusqu'aux plus profondes. Un fenêtrage selon la distance source-station est également appliqué. Dans un premier temps seules les courtes distances sont inversées, au fur à mesure les données associées à des plus grandes distances sont rajoutées, plus fortement impactées par le "cycle-skipping". Nous démontrons à l'aide d'exemples synthétiques l'avantage de cette méthode par rapport aux méthodes multi-échelles conventionnelles inversant des basses vers les hautes fréquences.Enfin, l'inversion des ondes de surface pour la caractérisation de la proche surface est confrontée à un cas réel. Nous discutons la construction et la pertinence du modèle initial et les difficultés rencontrées lors de l'inversion<br>The characterization of the near surface is an important topic for the oil and gas industry. For land and Ocean Bottom Cable (OBC) acquisitions, weathered or unconsolidated top layers, prominent topography and complex shallow structures may make imaging at target depth very difficult. Energetic and complex surface waves often dominate such recordings, masking the signal and challenging conventional seismic processing. Static corrections and the painstaking removal of surface waves are required to obtain viable exploration information.Yet surface waves, which sample the near surface region, are considered as signal on both the engineering and geotechnical scale as well as the global seismology scale. Their dispersive property is conventionally used in surface wave analysis techniques to obtain local shear velocity depth profiles. But limitations such as the picking of dispersion curves and poor lateral resolution have lead to the proposal of Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) as an alternative high resolution technique. FWI can theoretically be used to explain the complete waveforms recoded in seismograms, but FWI with surface waves has its own set of challenges. A sufficiently accurate initial velocity model is required or otherwise cycle-skipping problems will prevent the inversion to converge.This study investigates alternative misfit functions that can overcome cycle-skipping and decrease the dependence on the initial model required. Computing the data-fitting in different domains such as the frequency-wavenumber (f-k) and frequency-slowness (f-p) domains is proposed for robust FWI, and successful results are achieved with a synthetic dataset, in retrieving lateral shear velocity variations.In the second part of this study a FWI layer stripping strategy, specifically adapted to the physics of surface waves is proposed. The penetration of surface waves is dependent on their wavelength, and therefore on their frequency. High-to-low frequency data is therefore sequentially inverted to update top-to-bottom layer depths of the shear velocity model. In addition, near-to-far offsets are considered to avoid cycle-skipping issues. Results with a synthetic dataset show that this strategy is more successful than conventional multiscale FWI in using surface waves to update the shear velocity model.Finally inversion of surface waves for near surface characterization is attempted on a real dataset at the oil and gas exploration scale. The construction of initial models and the difficulties encountered during FWI with real data are discussed
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Zafari, Hesameddin. "Marketing Strategies to Enhance Profitability Among International Oil and Gas Service Companies." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4118.
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A significant drop in oil price in 2014 resulted in enormous pressure on marketing managers of international oilfield service companies to address new market expectations. In such competitive conditions, some marketing managers lack strategies to leverage profitability during downturns. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that senior marketing managers of international oilfield service companies in the Middle East successfully used to enhance sales performance, revenues, and profits during periods of declining oil prices. Theory of market segmentation, targeting, and positioning formed the conceptual framework for this study. Data were collected through semistructured interviews of 5 senior marketing managers of international oilfield service companies throughout the Middle East. Data analysis was composed of organizing data, becoming familiar with the data, putting data in nodes, giving proper codes, interpreting the data, and presenting the results, which led to 5 primary themes including customers, relationship, differentiation, services, and prices. To increase reliability and reduce bias, triangulation was achieved by combining, comparing, and contrasting companies' annual reports and website contents with participants' information. Identifying the right strategies that lead to higher profitability is crucial for international oilfield companies. Developing dynamic segmentation strategies, targeting new market players, differentiating via innovation, and promoting reliable relationships increase the likelihood of grasping new opportunities. This study's implications for positive social change include having more sustainable and profitable firms contributing to prosperity of local communities, which leads to healthier economies and more stable societies.
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Egbon, Osamuyimen. "An exploration of accountability : evidence from the Nigerian oil and gas industry." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6537.
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The economic activities of multinational corporations (MNCs) in the extractive industries of developing countries produce a myriad of immediate negative social, economic and environmental impacts on communities hosting their operations. Consequently, stakeholders have increasingly called for (greater) accountability of these corporations for the impacts of their operations on stakeholders and the wider society. The extent to which these MNCs are accountable for their operations' negative environmental impacts in the developing countries is underexplored as prior studies have primarily focused on corporate social responsibility rather than accountability of these corporations. However, accountability apparently means different things to different parties, and especially in a non-Western context. This thesis primarily seeks to explore the concept of accountability in a developing country context and how it is understood and practised within the Nigerian oil industry. More specifically, it seeks to understand the extent to which oil MNCs in Nigeria discharge accountability in the context of gas flaring and oil spills environmental pollution emanating from their operations. The study utilises a mixed methods approach to generate data to provide understanding on stakeholders' conceptions of accountability, the nature of accounts constructed by the MNCs on gas flaring and oil spills environmental incidents, and the plausible corporate sense-making embedded within those accounts. The empirical data produce both general and nuanced conceptions of accountability between the MNCs and stakeholders. An account-giving heuristic highlights four broad and further nuanced accounts the corporations provide on these negative environmental incidents which are largely in conflict with stakeholders' narratives. Moreover, the sense-making analysis of the MNCs' accounts suggests that those accounts apparently serve corporate self-interest rather than the discharge of accountability. However, organisational, institutional, relational, and national contextual factors apparently encourage the un-accountability of the MNCs. Accountability in the Nigerian oil industry will remain elusive without critical institutional and regulatory reforms.
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Inomiesa, Oghenemarho. "Sustainable exploration of oil and gas in the United Kingdom and Nigeria." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2016. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4322/.
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research analyses the impact of oil and gas exploration in the UK and Nigeria on the environment and settlements from the sustainability perspective, using a case study of an oil producing community (Uzere) in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. This region is affected by oil and gas exploration activities, in terms of socio-economic, environmental and economic impacts. This state of affairs raises issues of environmental justice among the stakeholders. The research had two case study areas and included a total of 13 focus group, 86 questionnaires and 7 interviews. Analysis of this data showed that the oil and gas exploration activities in Nigeria are different from that in the UK. The empirical evidence equally suggests that the lack of technological advancement, management, legislation and corruption are strongly related to incidence of environmental impact during oil and gas exploration. The research further discusses the need to strive towards a balance between environmental sustainability and economic growth. Highlighting the fact and fiction of sustainable development and sustainability in the Niger delta and Nigerian, how Sustainable environment and growth can only be achieved through the integration of policies that connect the environment, the economy and the society. The novelty or contribution to knowledge of the research, developed a framework based on qualitative and quantitative findings. The resulting framework highlighted or proposed ways the Nigerian government can achieve its sustainable energy obligations based on the findings and the review of relevant literature, as well findings from methodology adopted. The proposed framework can be applied both theoretical and practical, this will not only protect the environment and people from the impacts of oil and gas exploration, but will also protect Nigeria crude oil resource saving lives and livelihoods over the coming years. Furthermore the research analyses a number of strategic initiatives, which can be adopted in Nigeria, taking lesson from the UK to achieve the balance between environmental sustainability and growth through the integration of policies, management, technology that connect the environment, society and economy.
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Liu, Jingzhen. "Essays in empirical energy finance : risk and return of oil and gas companies." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=237857.
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Algeru, Osama Ibrahim Al-Muktoof. "Perceptions and evaluations of internal audit function in Libyan oil and gas companies." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2011. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/1183/.
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Campbell, Alan D. "An Analysis of Smoothing of Proved Oil and Gas Reserve Quantities and an Analysis of Bias and Variability in Revisions of Previous Estimates of Proved Oil and Gas Reserve Quantities." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331283/.
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The purpose of this study is to determine whether oil and gas producing companies smooth their ending reserve quantities. Smoothing is defined as a reduction in variance in the trend of ending reserve quantities over time compared to the trend of ending reserve quantities less the hypothesized smoothing variable over time. This study focuses on two variables that are most susceptible to manipulation—revisions of previous estimates and additions. This study also examines whether revisions are positively or negatively biased and the variability of the revisions. The sample consists of 70 companies chosen from oil & Gas Reserve Disclosures: 1980-1984 Survey of 400 Public Companies by Arthur Andersen and Company. For each company, ending reserve quantities for the years 1978-1984 were regressed over time, and the standard deviation of the estimate (SDE) was calculated. Then the ending reserve quantities less the hypothesized smoothing variable were regressed over time, and the SDE was calculated. A linear model and a semi-logarithmic model were used. A smoothing ratio (SR) was determined by dividing the SDE of reserves less the hypothesized smoothing variable by the SDE of ending reserve quantities. An SR greater than one indicates smoothing, and an SR less than one indicates that smoothing did not occur. The mean percentage revision and a t-test were used to test for positive or negative bias in the revisions. The mean absolute percentage revision was used to assess the relative variability of revisions. The number of companies classified as smoothers of oil reserves was statistically significant for the semi-logarithmic model but not for the linear model. Under both models the number of companies classified as smoothers of gas reserves was statistically significant. Few companies had mean percentage revisions that were significantly different from zero. The majority of companies had mean absolute revisions of under ten percent.
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Struwig, Sybrand Johannes. "A comparative study of income tax legislation for foreign oil and gas companies investing in Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26424.
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The oil and natural gas industry worldwide has become one of the most important commodities due to its value in use and dependency in our modern lifestyle. Countries with rich oil and natural gas reserves has shown to exploit these resources to the country's economic benefit. South Africa has in the past not been part of the big oil and natural gas producing countries of the world. But recent discoveries of possible shale gas reserves in the Karoo Basin attracted interest by foreign oil and gas companies with the potential that South Africa has as an oil and natural gas producing country. The purpose of this study is to compare the South African income tax law and regulations with that of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, which arguable can be seen as one of the world's big oil and natural gas producing countries. The study firstly develops an understanding of each of the two countries' oil and natural gas industries and thereafter compares the two countries income tax laws, the income tax system and collection method of the income tax revenues. The study then concludes on the status of the South African income tax regime in comparison to the Republic of Equatorial Guinea's income tax regime. The introduction of the Tenth Schedule to the South African Income Tax Act (58/1962) has brought the income tax laws in South Africa in line with international practice. Consideration should be given to broadening the income tax revenue collection methods in order to broaden the tax base for South Africa. AFRIKAANS : Die olie en natuurlike gas industrie wêreldwyd het een van die mees belangrike kommoditeite geword as gevolg van die waarde en afhanklikheid wat dit het vir ons moderne leefstyl. Lande met ryk olie en natuurlike gas reserwes het bewys dat die gebruik daarvan tot voordeel van 'n land se ekonomiese groei kan lei. Suid-Afrika het in die verlede nie as een van die wêreld se reuse in olie en natuurlike gas produksie getel nie. Maar met die onlangse ontdekking van moontlike skalie gas reserwes in die Karoo Kom het belangstelling van buitelandse olie en gas maatskappye gelok in die potensiaal wat Suid-Afrika het om 'n olie en natuurlike gas produserende land te wees. Die doel van die studie is om 'n vergelyking te tref tussen Suid-Afrika se inkomste belasting wette en regulasies met die van die Republiek van Equatoriaal Guinea, wat gesien kan word as een van die reuse van die wêreld as dit kom by olie en natuurlike gas produserende lande. Die studie skets eerstens 'n agtergrond van die twee lande se olie en natuurlike gas industrieë en daarna vergelyk die studie die twee lande se inkomste belasting wette, die inkomste belasting stelsels en invorderings metodes van die inkomste belasting. Die studie kom dan tot 'n gevolgtrekking oor die status van die Suid-Afrikaanse inkomste belasting omgewing teenoor die Republiek van Equatoriaal Guinea se inkomste belasting omgewing. Die bekendstelling van die Tiende Skedule tot die Inkomste Belasting Wet (58/1962) het die Suid-Afrikaanse inkomste belasting wet in lyn gebring met internasionale inkomste belasinvorderings metodes van die inkomste belasting te verbreed om sodoende die belastingbasis te vergroot.ting wette. Oorweging moet geskenk word aan die invorderings metodes van die inkomste belasting te verbreed om sodoende die belastingbasis te vergroot.<br>Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012.<br>Taxation<br>unrestricted
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Asare, Emmanuel Tetteh. "An exploration of accountability issues in managing oil and gas revenues in Ghana." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2017. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/6ca461f0-fa08-454c-851f-a426d60b4f88.
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This study investigates accountability and transparency issues in the management of oil and gas (O&G) revenues in Ghana through public discourse. It establishes the factors that influence accountability and investigates how accountability is discharged amongst stakeholders in the O&G industry in Ghana, with respect to contemporary accountability theories. The thesis develops a contextualised analytical framework drawing on Dhanani and Connolly’s (2012), and Gray et al.’s (1996) conceptualisations of accountability, in addition to other contemporary accountability concepts, mirrored through the ethical variant of stakeholder theory to classify, analyse and interpret the issues of transparency and accountability in revenue management in the O&G industry in Ghana. It uses this framework to analyse and interpret questionnaires and interviews of stakeholders in the O&G industry in Ghana; these include the government, civil society groups and upstream oil companies. The thesis establishes that the accountability relationships (strategic, financial, fiduciary and procedural) between accountees and accountors in the O&G industry in Ghana are hierarchical, bureaucratic and fussy, making the discharge of accountability unintelligent, ineffective and vulgate and only routinely given for cosmetic purposes. Consequently, the accountors in the O&G industry in Ghana employ the positive variant of the stakeholder theory, motivated by legitimisation practices to regularise their activities, contrary to the expected ethical variant of the theory. The outcome reflects the practices of for-profit organisations such as upstream O&G companies, but conflicts with the government’s fiduciary responsibilities towards citizens and the espoused communal values of the legal and regulatory framework of the industry. Current perspectives on positive stakeholder and legitimacy theory therefore appear to explain existing stakeholder relationships and how accountability is discharged in the O&G industry in Ghana. The thesis contributes to the public accountability and transparency literature in a number of ways: First, the study presents an empirical basis to advance discourse about accountability and transparency in natural resource management in developing countries, by developing a contextualised theoretical and analytical framework drawing on Dhanani and Connolly’s (2012) and Gray et al’s (1996) accountability concepts, and using the ethical stakeholder theory as a lens for interpretation. Second, it provides an empirical basis for rethinking the hierarchical managerialist approach to accountability suggested by the positive variant of the stakeholder theory and its legitimisation mechanisms between accountees and the accountors in the O&G industry in Ghana, and suggests the adoption of the ethical variant of the stakeholder theory with its moral imperatives. Third, the study provides significant insight into governance issues in Sub-Saharan Africa that could inform policy formulation for the region by international bodies, including the United Nations Development Fund (UNDP), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), by critically reviewing accountability and transparency issues in the oil sectors in Angola, Nigeria and the DRC and juxtaposing this evidence with empirical findings for Ghana. Finally, it advances understanding of the public accountability practices and transparency issues in the O&G industry in Ghana, while pointing out significant governance implications for policy-makers, civil society and advocacy groups, think-tanks, the O&G companies and academics.
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Hatami, Hossein. "Forecasting oil and gas reserves and production in the UK North Sea : a Monte Carlo approach." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU086252.
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This thesis examines the results of the future exploration drilling activities expected to be committed between 1995-2014 in the mature areas of the UK North Sea. The study employs Monte Carlo simulation techniques to quantify the risk of exploration ventures by estimating the expected value of the exploration decisions in a mature hydrocarbon province where both the exploration success and the size of the discovered fields are shown to be diminishing with advancing exploration. The study explicitly takes into account the risks which are associated with both geological and economic uncertainties. The prime objective is to model and forecast the significant quantities of oil, condensate, and gas to be discovered given the specified levels of committed exploratory effort. Due to the presence of different geological and prospectivity characteristics, the whole North Sea province is divided into three basins namely the Southern, Central and Northern basins each of which has been treated and studied separately. The commercial merits of the future discoveries for potential development purposes have been determined through the application of different parameters for future oil and gas prices, various costs of field exploration and development, etc. The impact of the fiscal regime on the commercial viability of the future discoveries has also been explicitly examined. After identifying the future discoveries with commercial significance in the North Sea, their resulting production, costs, revenues, tax bill, and the net present values are presented in detail. To create a wider picture for the new field discoveries and their eventual contribution to the overall production in the North Sea, the future exploration and production activities have been examined under three different scenarios each reflecting varying geological and economic circumstances.
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Ahmad, Sunsi Sa'ad. "Effect of government control on the performance of upstream oil and gas companies in Nigeria." Thesis, Abertay University, 2014. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ab1004d1-640e-4414-9f77-b7285cb43186.
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International Oil Companies (IOCs) and Oil-rich nations (States) pool their resources together in order to explore for and exploit oil in the most effective and efficient manner. The IOCs are entrusted with the exploration and exploitation activities due to their technological expertise and financial capability. However, the uncertainties surrounding the exploration for oil constitute the major sources of risks in upstream operations. Similarly, moral hazard and adverse-selection problems emerge during the exploitation of oil reserves. Hence, States adopt a number of control mechanisms in order to maximise their take from the oil reserves. Thus, establishing Joint Venture Companies (JVCs) is considered to be one of such control mechanisms. The Nigeria Government has ownership (about 57%) in the JVCs operating in the upstream sector. The JVCs operate alongside other upstream oil and gas companies (non-JVCs) that do not have Government ownership. This study adopts an agency theory in order to critically analyse the principal-agent relationship expounded above. Therefore, using a multivariate regression analysis based on a panel dataset of monthly observations (1999 - 2007) this study examine the cost efficiency and gross margin of both the JVCs and non-JVCs with the aim of determining whether or not Government ownership in the JVCs has any significant and systematic effect on their performance. Findings of the study indicate that JVCs are more efficient and more profitable than the non-JVCs, as non-JVCs spend twice as much as the JVCs to produce a barrel of crude oil. Hence, it can be concluded that Government ownership really matters in improving the cost efficiency and gross margin of the upstream oil and gas companies operating in Nigeria. Similarly, due to perennial funding problem bedeviling the operations of JVCs in Nigeria, an alternative funding (AF) arrangement was introduced in 2003; so that the companies will provide funds as loan to cover for the Government share of funding shortfalls. Effect of the AF arrangement on performance of the companies on one hand and the Government Take on the other hand was determined by using Wilcoxon Sign Tests on both the pre-alternative and post-alternative funding performance measures such as capital expenditures, companies’ gross margin, companies’ drilling activities and Government Take. Findings of the study indicate that the alternative funding arrangement improved capital expenditures made by the upstream oil and gas companies as well as their gross margin. However, the findings indicate that such arrangement did not improve drilling activities. Therefore, the implication of these findings is that policy makers need to review such arrangements in such a way that not only the upstream oil and gas companies benefit from such arrangement but also the Government.
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Garcia, Percy L. "Environmental management in multinational oil and gas exploration and production corporations in Latin America." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0007/MQ42317.pdf.
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Mohammed, Sani D. "Social and environmental disclosures : a comparative analysis of listed Nigerian and UK oil and gas companies." Thesis, Abertay University, 2016. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/5e9bd304-82f0-4be7-b151-01fcc20019e2.
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Exploration, production and marketing of oil and gas by listed Nigerian oil and gas companies are fraught with lots of negative social and environmental impacts. Corporate social disclosure is a medium employed by corporations to communicate their impacts and commitments to the society and environment. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to describe and explain social and environmental disclosure practices by listed Nigerian oil and gas companies as gauged with disclosure by listed UK oil and gas companies for the period 2004-2013. The objectives are to determine the nature of disclosures by sampled companies, measure and analyse quantity and quality of the disclosures, analyse trends of the disclosures, find out differences in the disclosures and to explore the effects of corporate characteristics on the disclosures. Content analysis of annual reports and accounts and sustainability reports, scoring quality of disclosures based on Global Reporting Initiative disclosure guidelines, two samples t-tests and Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) regression analysis were employed to achieve the aim and objectives of the study. Legitimacy debate and vulnerability and exploitability analytical framework were espoused to develop a theoretical framework to underpin the study. Results indicate Nigerian companies making disclosure on fewer social and environmental aspects than UK companies. Quantity and quality of disclosure by Nigerian companies are low compared to UK companies. While quantity of disclosure by both showed increasing trends, quality of disclosure depicted decreasing trends. Sampled companies are found complying with mandatory social disclosure. Corporate size, leverage, efficiency and liquidity are found significant in explaining disclosures by sampled companies. Low quantity and quality of disclosure by listed Nigerian oil and gas companies is indicating low social accountability. This result may be useful to policy makers in the industry to dialogue with managers of the companies on the importance of their social accountability to overall national sustainable development efforts. Likewise, policy makers may put in place regulatory and enforcement mechanisms on social disclosures as mandating disclosure is found effective. Disclosure practices by listed Nigerian oil and gas companies portrayed the significance of colonial relationship between Nigeria and the UK. The use of modified words counts content analysis, and the theoretical framework that underpins the study might be of significance in this study in particular and social disclosure studies in general.
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Singh, Aditya M. B. A. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Strategies for oil and gas companies to remain competitive in the coming decades of energy challenges." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59130.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2010.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 66).<br>There are a variety of challenges facing the energy industry, from decreased access to sovereign reserves, to declining fields, innovation challenges, increased regulation and new energy policies. These challenges pose a threat to the basic industry structure. Oil & gas companies espouse four common industry-wide strategies of Portfolio Management, Operational Efficiency, Financial Management and Sustainability-of which the first three are core operating strategies of oil & gas companies. The companies have derived their profitability, growth, and shareholder returns based on the superior execution of these strategies. Though talk about Sustainability is a business imperative, it is no longer a differentiating factor and is not integrated with the core strategies. The current challenges facing the energy industry, however, necessitate that the companies integrate sustainability, innovation and management of technology strategies with their core strategies of portfolio management, operational efficiency and financial management. In this thesis, we propose two distinct strategic options: Total Life Cycle Management and Management of Technology. Environmental management and organizational efficiency are an integral component of both the strategic options. Through Total Life Cycle Management, the companies address challenges of continued access to easier to develop and produce reserves and legacy fields, efficiencies, costs and hosts expectations. The key components of Total Life Cycle Management constitute Portfolio Management with enhanced relational strategies with the hosts, Operational Efficiency with continuous business process innovations, Sustainability with focus on long-term energy needs of the hosts and Financial Management with focused capital allocation to build scale and synergies in a region. Management of Technology strategies address the innovation challenges to tap the next big reserves in ultra deep water, arctic, unconventional hydrocarbons, etc. These strategies will provide differentiation on capabilities to better identify, develop, and deploy technologies. Key components of the Management of Technology strategy include R&D strategy, innovation fronts, organizational efficiency and operational performance. Companies can position themselves either as a cost- and efficiency-driven company, or as a technology-driven company-or both provided they have different organizations managing the two distinct options. The industry needs new performance metrics to reflect company performance vis a vis the variety of energy industry challenges.<br>by Aditya Singh.<br>M.B.A.
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Siddiky, Shakera. "The corporate instigation of community-based organizations : analysis of two oil and gas companies in India." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38866/.
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There is increasing evidence to suggest that Corporate Community Involvement (CCI) has gone beyond philanthropy towards more innovative approaches in addressing complex social problems. One example is particularly evident in developing countries where corporations organize the local community in their operational areas into community-based organizations (CBOs), such as self-help groups, and enable them to tackle social problems by themselves. In this thesis, I explore this emerging CCI mode, termed Corporate Instigation of Community-Based Organizations (CICBO), by focusing on the contexts in which such engagement is conceptualized, the process through which it is put into practice and the outcomes of such engagement. I adopt an institutional perspective, grounded in the umbrella concept of institutional work that highlights the recursive relationship between institutional environment and organizational actions within which a new CCI mode emerges. An analytical framework is built around the constituent components of institutional work (e.g., enabling conditions, agency, actions and consequences) that allows for a process-oriented exploration of the emergence of a CCI mode as an organization-level institution. The framework is employed to examine three key aspects of CICBO: company motives to initiate the mode and the contextual factors that influence those motives, the micro-processes through which the mode emerges, and its outcomes at multiple levels. In doing so, my study presents an alternative theoretical perspective on CCI, one based on institutional work. At the same time, it also contributes to the bottom-up theorization of institutional work. This research is interpretive in nature. A case study method is utilised for in-depth investigation of the CICBO mode of two oil and gas companies in India, the Oil India Limited and the Cairn India Limited, applying multiple qualitative research techniques such as interviews, focus group discussions and document analysis. The empirical findings provide valuable insights on the antecedents, processes and consequences in the emergence of the CICBO mode in particular and broader CCI discourse in general. This situates my research among the few studies that contribute to the processual understanding of CCI. The study identifies a legitimacy crisis at the community level arising from incompatible institutional arrangements, recognition of future business threat or opportunity, and a company’s habitual orientation towards community engagement as the key drivers for CICBO. However, prevalence of such a contingent environment alone is not enough to manifest the CICBO mode. As an intelligent and reflexive actor, the company reflects on its past, assesses the present, projects itself into the future, and assigns different levels of importance to each of these factors. As observed in the study, CICBO emerges when securing future business interest is associated with ensuring long-term social legitimacy through effective solutions to critical social issues. This finding makes explicit the connection between strategic motives and subsequent framing of CICBO as the solution to achieve them. CICBO aims to create a community-level practice of CBO-oriented collective problem solving. It focuses on gradually building important community capital in a way that enables the community to maintain the practice without company support. This signifies a dual institutional creation work where the activities for creating community-level practice in the field occur under the umbrella of a temporary CCI practice that is created in parallel. The company’s intention to continue the support for a limited time only reflects its commitment to community empowerment, rather than inflicting further dependence. CICBO unfolds through iterative phases of conceptual (design) and operational (implementation) activities, where a stable template gradually emerges through repeated incorporation of ongoing learning. As such, the emergence of CICBO depicts high interactions among company, community and other social actors. In particular, the process highlights diverse roles of the local community as the initial adopters of the CBO-oriented practice, supporters in the promotional activities, part of the maintenance mechanisms, and most importantly eventual upholder of the practice. The findings identify the ability of CICBO to create shared values for the CCI actors and potential for community empowerment. More importantly, the success of CICBO is observed to inspire various social actors including other organizations and the wider community to engage in similar and complementary practices, resulting in widespread diffusion of CBO-oriented activities. The findings bring new insights for practitioners, policy makers and communities, particularly in developing countries, who seek to design and implement similar practices as effective and sustainable solutions for complex social issues.
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Chegenizadeh, Negin. "Development of an Integrated HSE Management Plan for Contracting Companies in the Oil and Gas Industry." Thesis, Curtin University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/81851.
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Many major catastrophic incidents such as Deep-water Horizon and Piper Alpha have been linked to a poor relationship between the service provider contracting companies and the main client. Therefore the aim of this study ha been to develop an integrated best practice health and safety management plan model for contracting and subcontracting oil and gas companies aimed at reducing accidents and incidents that may be caused directly or indirectly by contractor or subcontractor companies.
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Edward, Stuart James. "The design of a new pipe measuring system for oil and/or natural gas exploration." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000.
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Abbe, Owen Emmanuel. "Recovery of value from oil drill cuttings- A sustainable waste management solution for the oil and gas exploration and prodution industry." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.510754.
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Adere, Endale. "Accounting for Oil and Gas : The effect of the gap between US GAAP and IFRS on Norwegian companies." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet (USBE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-51283.
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Abstract Background Oil and gas is a main source of revenue for many countries. Norway is one of them. Several companies operate in these countries. The companies demand accounting to communicate to their stakeholders. The two biggest accounting regimes, IASB and USA have their own standards for the upstream activities of those companies. The standard setting bodies mandatorily require companies to comply. Norwegian listed companies, as they are in the IASB regime, must comply with the IASB standard, IFRS 6. Problem The IASB standard has a problem of addressing the entire upstream activities of the companies Moreover, the standard has conceptual flaw. However, these oil and gas firms are required to follow it. As a remedy, the entities fill the gap by using the US GAAP, if they are listed, as the regulation requires them to follow IFRS. Thus, using these two standards coupled with the defect of the IASB standard is affecting them. Purpose The purpose of this thesis is to explain the effects of IFRS 6 on companies by comparing it with the US GAAP standard. In doing so, theories relevant to the issue are described and the technical gaps between the two standards are elaborated. Method This thesis uses mixed method. The research design followed is concurrently mixing quantitative and qualitative methods. However, qualitative method dominates in the mixing. As a data collection mechanism, interview, questionnaire and documentation i.e. the annual reports of the companies are used. In the study both deductive and inductive reasoning are used. Conclusion Subsequent to making the study, the author concludes that the surveyed companies have used the US GAAP to fill the gap that IFRS possess. However, retaining two sets of accounts has economic effect and the companies are paying for that. Moreover, they expend costs for adopting the IFRS when they change their standard from US GAAP to IFRS. Moreover, it is difficult to make conclusion about diffusion of accounting method due to contagion effect. Similarly, although previous studies show that size of a firm is a determinant factor, it is tricky to make conclusion on the studied companies.
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ARAUJO, PATRICIA BURLINI SOARES DE. "THE LIFE CYCLE CONCEPT IN WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE OIL AND GAS OFFSHORE EXPLORATION BRAZILIAN INDUSTRY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2012. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35025@1.
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A indústria do petróleo tem suas atividades interpretadas como incompatíveis com o conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável. No entanto, o desenvolvimento da humanidade tem sido pautado no consumo de energia, grande parte fornecido por esta indústria. Atualmente face as recentes descobertas do pré sal, a nova fronteira exploratória no Brasil, é possível vislumbrar que o segmento de exploração se fará muito presente no país, assim como seus impactos negativos ao meio ambiente e suas toneladas de resíduo. A dissertação busca promover reflexão sobre o tema, tendo em vista análise de casos vivenciados pela indústria brasileira com a aplicação do conceito do ciclo de vida. A dissertação foi estruturada em capítulos que contextualizam tópicos necessários para um gerenciamento de resíduos eficiente tais quais o conceito de sustentabilidade e suas três dimensões, caracterização de resíduos, a precariedade da infraestrutura do país para destinação destes resíduos, assuntos regulatórios e a introdução ao conceito do ciclo de vida. A análise de alguns casos reais, com o base na teoria apresentada, corroborou para a conclusão de que a aplicação do conceito do ciclo de vida (CCV) ao gerenciamento dos resíduos traz o diferencial para redução a longo prazo desta poluição, por facilitar a análise de vários aspectos, desde a
infraestrutura necessária para o gerenciamento como questões legais e de logística, nas fases de geração, armazenagem, transporte, tratamento e disposição final. O CCV ainda promove um melhor entendimento do público em geral, órgão regulamentadores, empresas operadores e prestadoras de serviços e permite que as empresas no Brasil, estejam melhor preparadas para os desafios relacionados à poluição advinda da geração destes resíduos.<br>Oil and gas (OeG) activities continue to grow across the globe. Some people view the OeG industry as focused on profits with little concern for the environment, opposed to the concept of sustainability. However, demand for petroleum products continued to increase, and OeG continue to be the most widely used fuels. As energy demand continues to grow, petroleum companies must find and produce increasing quantities of OeG. But doing so, requires more than merely ramping up production from traditional sources. As nearby, relatively easy-to-produce resources diminish, new sources and locations are being developed in Brazil. The recent discovery in the pre-salt layer demonstrates the significant potential found, representing a new exploratory frontier in the country. OeG exploration today require the simultaneous consideration of a variety of economic, social, political, and environmental concerns. Historically, many foreign-operators started to invest in Brazil after the government opened the sector to competition. Increased drilling activity in Brazil both results in an increased amount of waste generated and sent onshore, air emission and water discharges. Once generated, managing these wastes in a manner that protects health and the environment will be essential for limiting operators legal and financial liabilities, therefore operators will have to manage the waste properly and consistent with all relevant laws and regulations in order to overcome the challenges of the increase of activities in this dynamic industry.
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Munro, Hugh M. "The impact of national oil companies on the energy security of OECD countries." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=186098.
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National oil companies (NOCs) control over 80 percent of world oil reserves and over 50 percent of gas reserves and hold exclusive rights to exploration and development of oil and gas reserves within their home countries. Because of host government involvement and supervision, NOCs may also act as instruments of state, implementing government foreign and domestic policies such as wealth re-distribution through the provision of subsidised oil products, job creation, and economic development. Such activities can lead to restricted availability of funds for finding and developing reserves for future production and to inefficiencies in current production and distribution. This thesis assesses the geopolitical factors that influence the conduct, strategies and priorities of NOCs and how these may impact on the continuing security of energy supplies to countries which are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). It will focus on ten NOCs supplying oil to world markets and two which supply gas to the European market. The study will also review the activities and .scope for influence as state instruments of Sovereign Wealth Funds which have been established by states with NOCs, in particular, those which have earned substantial petro-dollar surpluses, during the period of high oil and gas prices of2006-2008. In an age of global interdependence between nations, specific objectives of this thesis are to consider the implications of anticipated growth in world demand for oil and gas supplies over the next 20 years, whether world production capacity is likely to grow to meet increases in world demand, the potential impact on world oil and gas supplies of the policies and practices of NOCs, in particular, the desire of host governments to require NOCs to follow non- commercial objectives, and the responses from OECD countries to threats to their energy security from potential restrictions on supplies.
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Saleh, Musbah Salem Muftah. "Exploring the application of total quality management in the Libyan oil and gas companies : potential, obstacles and solutions." Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7375/.
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Currently, there is worldwide interest in and focus on the implementation and effectiveness of quality management initiatives in industrial organisations with the objective of enhancing effectiveness and efficiency. Total Quality Management (TQM) is a quality management model, which, as the literature over the years has shown, can have a transforming impact on an industry that is in a state of substantial structural change and facing increased competition by raising performance. Therefore, there is no doubt that TQM has received a great deal of attention from practitioners, academics and researchers over the last two decades across the world especially in developing countries, including Libya. The petro-chemical companies constitute the main industrial structure in Libya as oil and gas is the main source of income in the country. However, they are facing a number of challenges including increasing competition and quality level. In order to remain competitive, Libyan petro-chemical companies need to successfully and effectively employ quality management initiatives such as TQM, which can enable and empower the entire workforce, improve competitive position and raise performance. This study, hence, aims to explore and analyse the implementation level of TQM within Libyan oil and gas organisations by exploring the causes of failure in the effective implementation of TQM in order to identify the barriers that exist and act to hinder the effective adoption and implementation of TQM. In addition, this study aims to highlight factors that will assist the Libyan petro-chemical organisations to continue to effectively implement TQM successfully and to explain the proper method of TQM application. To achieve these aims, quantitative and qualitative methods in triangulation form were adopted: an extensive questionnaire was utilized to elicit the opinions, attitudes and perceptions of 120 participants (managerial categories) from fully-owned Libyan petroleum companies regarding TQM-related issues. In addition, 20 one-to-one semi-structured interviews within the participating Libyan petroleum organisations were used to identify top managers’ opinions and perceptions concerning the issues related to quality initiatives with particular attention being paid to TQM. The findings of this study suggest that the actual implementation levels of TQM practices were found to be in the early stages in the Libyan petro-chemical organisations. In addition, the analysis identified 15 pertinent factors, which act as barriers that are most frequently faced by the surveyed companies including Arabian Gulf Oil Company (AGOCO), Ras Lanuf Oil and Gas Processing Company (RASCO) and Sirte Oil Company (SOC). These identified obstacles through empirical analysis of the primary data are: ‘lack of awareness and understanding of TQM’, ‘lack of information and communication’, ‘the problem of employee resistance to change’, ‘insufficient management style’, ‘the absence of real teamwork’, ‘lack of internal and external customer satisfaction, unsatisfactory measurement and evaluation’, ‘insufficient organisational culture’, ‘the absence of continuous improvement and innovation culture’, ‘lack of resources and requirements of TQM’, ‘inadequacy of top management and leadership commitment’, ‘insufficient employee training, development and education’, ‘the absence of quality strategic planning, lack of employee involvement and empowerment, and lastly lack of government support. As the findings indicate, this study concludes that the implementation of TQM is still an underdeveloped area in Libya
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Amenshiah, Ambrose K. "Capacity building of human resources in the oil and gas sector in Ghana: An exploration into the public-sector capacity building of human resources in the emerging oil and gas in Ghana." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17452.
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This empirical research explored the capacity building of human resources in the emerging oil and gas sector in Ghana. Ghana’s oil and gas were discovered in commercial quantities in 2007 by GNPC and its partners in Jubilee field in the Cape Three Point in the western region, which signified a turning point in the development effort of the state. Local skills shortage perceived as a significant challenge. Thus the government envisaged the need to build local skill capacity which attracted an initial grant of US$38 million from World Bank to facilitate the implementation of oil and gas capacity building project in 2010.
The study adopted a mixed method approach for primary data collection. Matched samples of employees (226) working in four public sector organisations in the oil and gas sector were surveyed using the simple random technique, while human resource/training and development directors (9) were purposively sampled and interviewed on the human resources capacity building to assess and corroborates the survey data.
The study findings confirmed shortcomings in local skills in the public organisations in the petroleum industry. Comparatively, the results suggested that the performance appraisal tools could be further improved. The study also found local skills mismatch. It revealed that inadequate funding and delays in the release of funds affected local skill capacity building in the public-sector organisations in the industry. Originality, this is one of the very few studies to explore the shortcomings of local skill capacity in the selected organisation including the strategies used in addressing the skill gap. Research implications, more matched-sample studies are necessary to understand further how private companies (IOC’s) contributing to local skill capacity building. Practically, the study is of significance to the policymakers to address the skill gap in the energy sector. The main contribution of the research is to conceptualise the concept of HRM in Ghana’s context. The thesis, therefore, is an essential contribution to our understanding of the skill gap in the oil and gas industry in Ghana and the role of HR in this field.
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Saleh-Bala, Maimuna Lami. "Conceptualising sustainable future landscapes : a case study with communities of the oil and gas exploration region Nigeria." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3881.
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The Federal government of Nigeria has undertaken social intervention programmes in the oil and gas exploration Region since 1960 producing an average of one programme each decade to address the underdevelopment of the Region. This underdevelopment appears to be as a result of the devastating effects of the oil spills and gas flaring in the Region. This has affected community wellbeing and connection with the landscape as over 94% are small communities in rural landscapes. The result is loss of livelihood, social disintegration and disruption of economic activities locally and nationally. The most recent government intervention programme is the Niger Delta Regional Development Master Plan (NDRDMP) of 2006 with the goal of sustainable development of the Region. This thesis therefore aligns with the argument that spatial planning is the critical sector to examine, as the problem of the Niger Delta Region is presently predominantly that of landscape degradation. Landscape planning is essential in planning for sustainability; to improve the quality of the environment at the community level it aspires for quality environments. But what vision should guide landscape planning and the future landscape change of the Region? A review of the relevant literature indicates that emerging theories view the landscape as a holistic representation of the interaction between human and natural processes and a need for transdisciplinary planning. The thesis supports this view and argues for creating a future landscape vision with the communities who live and work the landscape of the Region. Hence an empirical study of types of communities that define the Region was conducted. Using an interpretivist theoretical perspective and guided by questions posed by the Carl Steinitz Framework Model of 1990 (revised 1995; 2012) a case study approach and a variety of data collection tools appropriate to demographic groupings were employed. The findings provided insights from an analysis of the narratives of different demographic groups on the community landscape representations. Four landscape types were identified as well as various political and economic impacts on the landscape. Oil and gas exploration activities were seen not always to be the direct driver of the cultural landscape changes. The thesis demonstrated that engaging the community can help to identify the different drivers of landscape change relating to each landscape type examined. It also outlined possible change drivers for future landscapes. An implication for landscape planning is the importance in considering how future landscapes can be effectively conceptualised in a situation where the community landscapes are predominantly small and in rural settings.
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Spear, Nasser A. (Nasser Abdelmonem). "The Information Content of Supplemental Reserve-Based Replacement Measures Relative to that of Historical Cost income and its Cash and Accrual Components of Oil and Gas Producing Companies." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1992. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277915/.
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This study examined whether three reserve-based quantity replacement measures and three reserve-based value replacement measures have incremental information content beyond that of historical earnings and its cash and accrual components. This study also examined whether the cash and accrual
components of earnings have incremental information content beyond that of earnings.
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Manuel, Christopher D. "Techniques for improved 2-D Kirchhoff prestack depth imaging." Thesis, Curtin University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1213.
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The goal of oil and gas exploration using seismic methods is to accurately locate geological structures that could host such reserves. As the search for these resources tends towards more complex regions, it is necessary to develop methods to extract as much information as possible from the seismic data acquired. Prestack depth imaging is a seismic processing technique that has the capability to produce a realistic depth image of geological structures in complex situations. However, improvements to this technique are required to increase the accuracy of the final depth image and ensure that the targets are accurately located. Although prestack depth imaging possesses the ability to produce a depth image of the Earth, it does have its disadvantages. Three problematic areas in depth imaging are: the computer run times (and hence costs) are excessively high; the success of depth migration is highly dependent upon the accuracy of the interval velocity model; and seismic multiples often obscure the primary reflection events representative of the subsurface geology. Velocity model building accounts for most of the effort in prestack depth imaging and is also responsible for the likelihood of success. However, the more effort that is expended on this process, the greater the cost of producing the required depth section. In addition, multiples remain a problem in complex depth imaging since many attenuation techniques are based assumptions that may only be approximately correct and in addition require a priori information. The Kirchhoff method is considered to be the workhorse in industry for prestack depth imaging. It is a simple and flexible technique to implement, and usually produces acceptable images at a small fraction of the cost of the other depth migration methods.However, it is highly dependent on a method for calculating the traveltimes that are required for mapping data from the prestack domain to the output depth section. In addition, it is highly dependent on the accuracy of the interval velocity model. Multiples can also be problematic in complex geological scenarios. To improve the quality of the depth section obtained from Kirchhoff depth imaging, these three issues are considered in this thesis. This thesis took on the challenge of developing new techniques for (a) improving the accuracy and efficiency of traveltimes calculated for use in Kirchhoff prestack depth imaging, (b) building the interval velocity model, and (c) multiple attenuation in complex geological areas. Three new techniques were developed and tested using a variety of numerical models. A new traveltime computation method for simulating seismic multiple reflections was tested and compared with a Promax© finite-difference traveltime solver. The same method was also used to improve the computational efficiency whilst retaining traveltime accuracy. This was demonstrated by application to the well-known Marmousi velocity model and a velocity model obtained from analysis of data from the North West Shelf of Western Australia.A new interval velocity model building technique that utilises the information contained in multiple events was also implemented and tested successfully using a variety of numerical models. Finally, a new processing sequence for multiple attenuation in the prestack depth domain was designed and tested with promising results being observed. Improved accuracy in the depth image can be obtained by combining the three techniques I have developed. These techniques enable this to be achieved by firstly improving traveltime accuracy and computation efficiency. These benefits are then combined with a more accurate interval velocity model and data with a minimal problematic multiple content to produce an accurate depth image. These new techniques for Kirchhoff depth imaging are capable of producing a depth section with improved accuracy, and with increased efficiency, that will aid in the process of seismic interpretation.
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Akobi, Tochukwu C. "Estimating the rate of technical change in the oil and gas industry using data from private and national companies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107588.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2016.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 100-106).<br>Modelling the long term prices for crude oil and natural gas has been a critical undertaking of many governments, companies, and analysts. The most important goal of this exercise is to effectively project the price of crude oil and natural gas to inform and shape today's decisions. Most long-run energy models in use today are unable to quantify properly a factor for supply growth due to technical change - a component that has played a significant role in the provision of access to newer streams of crude oil and natural gas - because the measurement of productivity and technical change at the oil and gas industry aggregate level are limited to a small set of studies for few countries. This thesis attempts to measure the rate of change in technical change for the oil and gas industry using data from private and national major companies. Publicly available financial data are aggregated from eight major producers over a time period of at least fifteen years for the national oil companies and forty five years for the private oil companies. The time period chosen effectively covers three distinct periods of different crude oil price behavior. Three productivity measurement methods are applied - the growth accounting, index number theory, and regression method - to measure for the rate of change in productivity and technical change for the private and national oil companies, and for the aggregate that allows to infer the rates for the entire industry. The thesis concludes that the rate of technical change for the industry can be assessed and it proposes a reasonably estimated range (1.4-1.7 per cent per year) that can be incorporated into long-run energy models. The thesis also presents insights to the drivers that influence the rate of growth. Finally, the thesis provides a dataset containing the information about output and labor and capital inputs for major oil and gas companies that can be used by researchers to enhance studies on the rate of technical change in the oil and gas industry.<br>by Tochukwu C. Akobi.<br>S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Kyepa, Timothy. "Integrating national oil companies in the corporate governance discourse: a comparative analysis of the Norwegian state oil company (statoil) and the proposed national oil company of Uganda." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3592_1363783163.
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Tungaraza, Joseph Mtebe. "Legal reform of oil and gas law in Tanzania in relation to foreign direct investment." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4772.
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Magister Legum - LLM<br>The objective of this study is to analyse the law relating to exploration and
production of oil and gas in Tanzania in relation to the protection of FDI. The
analysis will be based on the international standards for the protection of FDI. Some
of these standards are contained in international instruments and some of them
have attained the status of customary international law. Examples of such standards include: Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET), Full Protection and Security
(FPS), non-arbitrariness and non-discrimination, among others. Some
international instruments to be referred to include the 1992 World Bank Guidelines
on Treatment of FDI and the CERDS.
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Jewczyn, Nicholas Stephen. "Relative Pricing of Publicly Traded U.S. Electric Utility Companies." ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1076.
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In the financial turmoil of 2008, U.S. firms reported debt-ratios that differed from the debt-ratios calculated from balance sheets. The problem is that investors bought common stock expecting initial investment return and lost money when companies delisted. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine sample securities pricing with the application of synthetic assets and debt accrued. Addressed in the research questions was whether those securities were (a) underpriced compared with return-on-assets (ROA), (b) overpriced compared with ROA, (c) a debt-ratio higher than 60% and also overpriced, (d) underpriced with a synthetic asset added, or (e) related by relative pricing to variant pricing and market capitalization. The study's base theory was Pan's efficient market hypothesis (EMH) of security price prediction of market prices versus model prices. The data from the financial statements of 16 publicly traded U.S. electric utility companies were analyzed via correlations and multiple regression analyses to determine securities pricing and suitability. The findings from the analyses of the sample's variables of market price, book value, market-to-book, and study constructed variables from those variable data were statistically significant. The alternate hypotheses were accepted for all 5 research questions since the analytical operationalization of the hypothetical constructs led to significant relationships. Results suggest that the use of more pricing determinants in securities evaluation may lead to investors losing less money and earning the expected returns for a more efficient capital market, leading to a stronger economy and macroeconomic stability.
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Sanusi, Muhammad Surajo. "Market efficiency, volatility behaviour and asset pricing analysis of the oil & gas companies quoted on the London Stock Exchange." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/1243.
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This research assessed market efficiency, volatility behaviour, asset pricing, and oil price risk exposure of the oil and gas companies quoted on the London Stock Exchange with the aim of providing fresh evidence on the pricing dynamics in this sector. In market efficiency analysis, efficient market hypothesis (EMH) and random walk hypothesis were tested using a mix of statistical tools such as Autocorrelation Function, Ljung-Box Q-Statistics, Runs Test, Variance Ratio Test, and BDS test for independence. To confirm the results from these parametric and non-parametric tools, technical trading and filter rules, and moving average based rules were also employed to assess the possibility of making abnormal profit from the stocks under study. In seasonality analysis, stock returns were tested for the day-of-the-week and month-of-the-year effects. Volatility processes, estimation, and forecasting were undertaken using both asymmetric and symmetric volatility models such as GARCH (1,1) and Threshold ARCH or TARCH (1,1,1) to investigate the volatility behaviour of stock returns. To determine the effect of an exogenous variable on volatility, Brent crude oil price was used in the models formulated as a variance regressor for the assessment of its impact on volatility. The models were then used to forecast the price volatility taking note of the forecasting errors for the determination of the most effective forecasting model. International oil price risk exposure of the oil and gas sector was measured using a multi-factor asset pricing model similar to that developed by Fama and French (1993). Factors used in the asset pricing model are assessed for statistical significance and relevance in the pricing of oil and gas stocks. Data used in the study were mainly the adjusted daily closing prices of oil and gas companies quoted on the exchange. Five indices of FTSE All Share, FTSE 100, FTSE UK Oil and Gas, FTSE UK Oil and Gas Producers, and FTSE AIM SS Oil and Gas were also included in the analysis. Our findings suggest that technical trading rules cannot be used to gain abnormal returns, which could be regarded as a sign for weak form market efficiency. The results from seasonality analysis have not shown any day-of-the-week or monthly effect in stock returns. The pattern of stock returns’ volatility can be estimated and forecasted, although the relationship between risk and return cannot be generalised. On a similar note, the relationship between volatility attributes and the efficient market hypothesis cannot be clearly established. However, we have established that volatility modelling can significantly measure the quantum of risk in the oil and gas sector. Market risk, oil price risk, size and book-to-market related factors in asset pricing models were found to be relevant in the determination of asset prices of the oil and gas companies.
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Loadwick, Annisa. "Understanding the use of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to address climate change by oil and gas companies in developing nations." Thesis, Loadwick, Annisa (2016) Understanding the use of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to address climate change by oil and gas companies in developing nations. Masters by Coursework thesis, Murdoch University, 2016. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/35556/.
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a tool which oil and gas (O&G) companies can use to voluntarily go beyond compliance with laws and regulations to address sustainability issues. This research examines the reported use of CSR by O&G companies operating in developing nations to address climate change mitigation and adaptation. Developing nations may lack regulation, capability or willingness to require O&G companies to take steps to mitigate or adapt to climate change due to weak institutional structures, lack of enforcement of regulations, and the competing interests of economic development and tackling climate change. The first aim of the research was to establish whether there is recognition of the issue of climate change in the CSR Reports of O&G companies operating in developing nations. If so, what are the strategic responses by these companies to climate change? The second aim was to explore if O&G companies who operate in developing nations are using CSR programmes to conduct climate change mitigations and adaptation activities. If so, what are these mitigations or adaptations that are being deployed voluntarily as CSR? The method included a literature review and then an analysis of the CSR Reports of 20 O&G companies with operations in developing nations. Questions were established to identify what strategies, if any, companies were deploying to mitigate and adapt to climate change. These questions were used to collect data from the CSR Reports of 20 O&G companies with operations in developing nations. The research found that O&G companies operating in developing nations are deploying strategies to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Most companies recognised climate change as an issue in their CSR Reports and had deployed strategic responses to climate change as CSR. These responses included memberships of voluntary organisations, GHG emissions reporting and reduction, investment in renewable energy and other activities such as tree planting and deployment of carbon capture and storage technology. The O&G industry does recognise climate change as an issue and is using CSR as a tool to respond voluntarily and deploy mitigation and adaptation strategies. However, this research indicates that the CSR programmes of O&G companies are not necessarily addressing climate change ‘on the ground’ in developing nations.
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Sayakhov, Abdesh. "Kazakhstan's energy policy and regional cooperation in oil and gas : what are implications and consequences for Western energy interests and international oil companies' engagement in the country?" Thesis, University of Dundee, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505604.
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McCann, Ryan D. "Strategic Human Resource Management implementation and organizational information processing| A multiple case study of Western Pennsylvanian oil and natural gas companies." Thesis, Robert Morris University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10133964.
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<p> Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) has the potential to strengthen an organization in the long term by effectively leveraging the organization’s human resources to achieve the organization’s strategic goals. The problem this dissertation focuses upon is the extent to which SHRM has been implemented in oil and natural gas companies in Western Pennsylvania and whether the information needed to support SHRM is being communicated into and within these oil and natural gas companies. This included examining how HR leaders and staff are viewed in the company relative to its strategic efforts. Using Jacobson, Sowa, and Lambright’s (2014) models of SHRM implementation, three cases were examined to identify the degree to which SHRM has been implemented in the organizations. In addition, the communication of SHRM information was explored with regards to what information has been communicated, how is this information communicated, and who communicates such information. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 10 participants from three companies, including seven HR managers and employees and three non-HR managers. The interviews led the researcher to conclude that there is further opportunity for the strategic use of the HR departments and HR functions in the sampled companies. Additionally, there was an apparent lack of communication between the HR departments and the rest of the organization regarding strategic HR issues. The organizations with more traditional models of HR, with limited SHRM, demonstrated a weak focus on communicating SHRM information, as well as minimal information processing capabilities to support SHRM implementation.</p>
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Nakanishi, Takeshi. "Practical application of sequence stratigraphy and risk analysis for stratigraphic trap exploration." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn1635.pdf.
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"September 2002" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 200-209) Outlines an evaluation procedure for stratigraphic trap exploration by employing sequence stratigraphy, 3D seismic data visualisation and quantitative risk analysis with case studies in an actual exploration basin.
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Rodríguez, Lozada Verónica Hali. "Why do foreign oil companies continue to operate in exploration and production actitives in Bolivia´s hydrocarbon industry after its 2006 nationalization?" Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/117395.
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Magíster en Estrategia Internacional y Política Comercial<br>This report explores the question: Why do foreign oil companies continue operate in exploration and production activities in Bolivia’s hydrocarbon industry after its 2006 nationalization?
The history of Bolivia’s hydrocarbon industry is filled with cycles of nationalization and privatization. Each cycle has produced dramatic changes in Bolivia’s petroleum fiscal regime. Bolivia’s 2006 nationalization of its hydrocarbon industry has given Bolivia an international reputation as a high risk country to investment in. However, foreign direct investment is still occurring since the 2006 nationalization. The most interesting aspect of this continued foreign direct investment is that, the majority of it is from existing foreign companies that were there before the 2006 nationalization. This report exposes the underlying reasons as to why foreign companies continue to operate in Bolivia’s hydrocarbon sector despite its most recent nationalization in 2006. A historical analysis will be conducted on Bolivia’s hydrocarbon industry; more specifically, the time period between 1990 until 2009 will be the main focus of this report. The legal changes in Bolivia’s hydrocarbon industry since the 1990s will be evaluated in order to understand Bolivia’s strategy of nationalization in 2006.
Throughout the history of Bolivia’s petroleum fiscal regime, there has been a fluctuation of contractual agreements in use with foreign oil companies. After 2006, Bolivia’s contractual agreements finally began to benefit the state by allowing it to receive its fair share of wealth from its hydrocarbon resources. Additionally, Bolivia’s “nationalization” did not involve expropriation; instead it consisted of the enforcement of renegotiations of contractual agreements between the Bolivian State and foreign oil companies. The renegotiations are instrumental in explaining why foreign companies continue to operate in Bolivia’s hydrocarbon industry after its nationalization in 2006. This report will focus on examining Bolivia’s contractual agreements from 1990 until 2009 in order understand why foreign oil companies continue to operate in Bolivia’s hydrocarbon industry in spite of its 2006 nationalization.
Bolivia’s main source of revenue comes from foreign companies’ exploitation and exploration of its hydrocarbon resources, yet Bolivia has always lost its fair share of wealth from its natural resources due to unfavorable contractual agreements with foreign oil companies.
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Universidad de Chile
Before the 2006 Nationalization, Bolivia had continuously given foreign investors the majority of revenue from its hydrocarbon resources in an effort to attract and keep foreign investors in its hydrocarbon industry. In the 1990s, Bolivia wanted to increase its levels of foreign direct investment in order to import new technologies as well as to improve the expertise in exploration, extraction, transport and production activities within its hydrocarbon industry. Bolivia’s main goal behind seeking FDI was to develop its hydrocarbon sector in order to increase its national wealth from its natural resources. In addition, Bolivia’s hydrocarbon sector was extremely undeveloped. The Bolivian State was ill equipped and had inefficient state assets to develop its hydrocarbon industry. Bolivia’s petroleum fiscal regime in the 1990s was designed to favor foreign investors in order to attract and maintain foreign investment within its hydrocarbon industry. However, this caused Bolivia to lose significant control over its hydrocarbon industry as well as the wealth from its hydrocarbon resources.
As a result, it became necessary for Bolivia in 2006 to renegotiate their contracts with foreign energy companies in order for Bolivia to obtain its fair share of revenue from its hydrocarbon resources. Since 2005, the government has sought to increase its share of total hydrocarbon revenues. In May 2005, the former president, Carlos Mesa introduced a new Hydrocarbon Law No. 3058 which created a direct tax, the IDH (Direct Tax on Hydrocarbons), which required companies to pay 32% of production value to the state, in addition to an 18% royalty rate that was already required. However, this law was not yet implemented until Evo Morales became the president of Bolivia in 2006. Shortly after Evo Morales became president of Bolivia, he implemented the 2006 Nationalization Decree which mandated the Hydrocarbon Law No. 3058. This law required renegotiation of contractual agreements with all foreign oil companies operating in Bolivia. The Law No. 3058 made the Bolivian State owner of all hydrocarbon resources and private companies were permitted to only keep 18 percent of production value. This law also nationalized refineries and hydrocarbon distribution companies in order to ensure the presence of Bolivia’s national oil company YPFB (Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales Bolivianos) in every stage of the value chain. These actions, together with the rising international hydrocarbon prices have increased the Bolivian state’s hydrocarbon revenues.
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Universidad de Chile
The information obtained from the research in this report, will explain why foreign companies continue to operate in exploration and production activities in Bolivia’s hydrocarbon industry since its 2006 nationalization. Bolivia’s strategy behind its nationalization and its current use of contractual agreements will provide the main arguments as to why foreign companies continue to operate in Bolivia in spite of its hydrocarbon nationalization in 2006.
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Ibem-Ezera, Victor. "Environmental Control in Oil & Gas Exploration & Production : A Case Study of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria, West Africa." Thesis, Linköping University, Environmental Technique and Management, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57601.
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<p>The goal of this study is to examine the environmental impacts of oil and gas exploration and production (E&P), the roles of legislation, and the environmental management strategies in the petroleum industry with respect to the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The study seeks to suggest sustainable solutions to the endemic economic, social, and environmental problems associated with oil and gas E&P in the region. The focus is on the environmental control in the upstream (E&P) operations of the oil and gas industry as it affects the Niger Delta region of Nigeria with a view to proffering sustainable solutions.</p><p>The heavily polluting activities and environmental impacts of the upstream oil and gas operations in the Niger Delta have over the years taken a routine dimension and are endemic as a result of inadequate environmental legislations and ineffective enforcements. Sequel to these environmental impacts is militancy, adoption of expatriates, communal conflicts, inter-ethnic conflicts, human right abuses, restiveness and other social vices as the study reveals. These social and environmental impacts of oil and gas activities in this region bring impoverishment, abject poverty, hunger, squalor, birth disease, gene mutation, and death while exposing inhabitants of the region to afflictions and diseases as the study explicitly documents.</p><p>The study also reveals that the persistence rate of unrest, restiveness, militancy and other social vices is as a result of non-dialogue status between the different stakeholders, lack of infrastructural development, lack of basic amenities, high rate of unemployment, poor policy construct, federalized mineral right / resource ownership structure, and the monopolistic nature of Nigeria’s foreign exchange earning in petroleum resources.</p><p>In this dissertation, both proactive and corrective measures to curb the menace of the social, economic and environmental impacts of oil and gas exploration & production operations in Nigeria are presented and discussed with suggestions to sustainable solution and development, better environmental legislation, and better resource policy construct while advocating for good industrial practices in the petroleum industry with emphasis on the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.</p>
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Manuel, Christopher D. "Techniques for improved 2-D Kirchhoff prestack depth imaging." Curtin University of Technology, School of Resource Science and Technology, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=13308.
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The goal of oil and gas exploration using seismic methods is to accurately locate geological structures that could host such reserves. As the search for these resources tends towards more complex regions, it is necessary to develop methods to extract as much information as possible from the seismic data acquired. Prestack depth imaging is a seismic processing technique that has the capability to produce a realistic depth image of geological structures in complex situations. However, improvements to this technique are required to increase the accuracy of the final depth image and ensure that the targets are accurately located. Although prestack depth imaging possesses the ability to produce a depth image of the Earth, it does have its disadvantages. Three problematic areas in depth imaging are: the computer run times (and hence costs) are excessively high; the success of depth migration is highly dependent upon the accuracy of the interval velocity model; and seismic multiples often obscure the primary reflection events representative of the subsurface geology. Velocity model building accounts for most of the effort in prestack depth imaging and is also responsible for the likelihood of success. However, the more effort that is expended on this process, the greater the cost of producing the required depth section. In addition, multiples remain a problem in complex depth imaging since many attenuation techniques are based assumptions that may only be approximately correct and in addition require a priori information. The Kirchhoff method is considered to be the workhorse in industry for prestack depth imaging. It is a simple and flexible technique to implement, and usually produces acceptable images at a small fraction of the cost of the other depth migration methods.<br>However, it is highly dependent on a method for calculating the traveltimes that are required for mapping data from the prestack domain to the output depth section. In addition, it is highly dependent on the accuracy of the interval velocity model. Multiples can also be problematic in complex geological scenarios. To improve the quality of the depth section obtained from Kirchhoff depth imaging, these three issues are considered in this thesis. This thesis took on the challenge of developing new techniques for (a) improving the accuracy and efficiency of traveltimes calculated for use in Kirchhoff prestack depth imaging, (b) building the interval velocity model, and (c) multiple attenuation in complex geological areas. Three new techniques were developed and tested using a variety of numerical models. A new traveltime computation method for simulating seismic multiple reflections was tested and compared with a Promax© finite-difference traveltime solver. The same method was also used to improve the computational efficiency whilst retaining traveltime accuracy. This was demonstrated by application to the well-known Marmousi velocity model and a velocity model obtained from analysis of data from the North West Shelf of Western Australia.<br>A new interval velocity model building technique that utilises the information contained in multiple events was also implemented and tested successfully using a variety of numerical models. Finally, a new processing sequence for multiple attenuation in the prestack depth domain was designed and tested with promising results being observed. Improved accuracy in the depth image can be obtained by combining the three techniques I have developed. These techniques enable this to be achieved by firstly improving traveltime accuracy and computation efficiency. These benefits are then combined with a more accurate interval velocity model and data with a minimal problematic multiple content to produce an accurate depth image. These new techniques for Kirchhoff depth imaging are capable of producing a depth section with improved accuracy, and with increased efficiency, that will aid in the process of seismic interpretation.
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Amadu, Abubakari, and Samarai Alexandre Al. "Swedish Sustainability Trend : Empirical analysis on the volatility effect of sustainable news on Swedish oil companies using GARCH 1.1." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-142083.
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Purpose The main purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the investment attractiveness of oil and gas stocks (registered on Nasdaq Stockholm) in face of the increasing campaigns for the adoption of clean energy. The findings can help in the formulation of relevant policy implications on the campaign for a cleaner environment Design/Methodology/Approach The authors assume positivism and objectivity as the philosophical aspects for the purpose of this study. Following these initial considerations, the nature of the study was adopted as quantitative. This follows a longitudinal design and a deductive approach, basing the paper on previous literature in the areas of environmental sustainability, market efficiency, financial news items and their effect on stock volatility in order to test own hypothesis. Theory Following the methodological assumptions and the adoption of a deductive approach, relevant theory was selected to address the focus of previous research on which the research gaps and purpose are based. It also plays a role in introducing the reader to the relevant theories which will aid comprehension of further sections of this paper. Theories surrounding market efficiency, risk and return, the oil and gas industry and sustainability have all been mentioned. Findings In order to fulfil the purpose of the study, the authors studied whether the volatility of oil and gas stocks are affected by clean energy related news. The empirical results suggest that the volatility of oil and gas stocks decline whenever news of clean energy is introduced, implying clean energy news cause lower volatility. To this end, oil and gas stocks are better off whenever clean energy/sustainability news are introduced into the market. Analysis The empirical results seem to point to the fact that oil and gas firms may be benefiting from the investment they have made within the last two decades towards the issue of doing business in a more sustainable and socially responsible manner. It is therefore possible that investors get to reward them whenever news relating to sustainability and clean energy are announced. Conclusions This thesis confirms the attractiveness of oil and gas stocks notwithstanding the increasing campaigns and initiatives aimed at promoting the adoption of clean energy. Research limitations The research was limited in terms of setting since it only covered Sweden and therefore cannot answer questions regarding the overall attractiveness of oil and gas stocks across the globe.
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SANDRINI, VITOR DE UZEDA. "ANALYSIS OF STRATEGIC ALLIANCES, MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS OF COMPANIES THAT COMPETE GLOBALLY IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY OF FMC TECHNOLOGIES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24482@1.
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A indústria brasileira de óleo e gás é, atualmente, uma das mais atrativas do mundo. Investidores, fabricantes de equipamentos e companhias de petróleo procuram a todo momento formas de entrar neste mercado para sustentar sua competitividade. Devido à complexidade e aos elevados investimentos necessáriosà atuação neste setor, as alianças estratégicas, fusões e aquisições tornam-se indispensáveis para o aproveitamento dessas oportunidades. Desta maneira, o objetivo deste trabalho consiste em analisar as alianças estratégicas, fusões e aquisições da empresa FMC Technologies com seus atores-chave no setor de óleo e gás. A investigação foi conduzida mediante o emprego da metodologia de estudo de caso, com triangulação de métodos. Assim, os dados da pesquisa foram coletados por vários meios, a saber: investigação documental/telematizada e levantamentos de percepções, com o auxílio de questionário predominantemente estruturado e de entrevistas respectivamente. Tais elementos foram tratados com base no referencial teórico, fundamentado na revisão da literatura pertinente à área de estudo, com o auxílio da ferramenta analítica Global SNA Framework de Macedo-Soares (2011). Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciaram uma adequação entre os objetivos estratégicos explicitados pela empresa e as alianças e F&A realizadas com parceiros, proporcionando um aumento das oportunidades e uma redução das ameaças no nível da indústria. Como recomendação resultante da pesquisa, sugere-se a realização de novos trabalhos enfocando os principais concorrentes da FMC Technologies os quais também competem globalmente por meio de alianças globais no setor de óleo e gás.<br>The Brazilian oil and gas industry is currently one of the most attractive worldwide. Investors, equipment manufacturers and oil companies continuously seek ways to enter in this market to sustain its competitiveness. Due to the complexity and high investments required to operate in this sector, strategic alliances, mergers and acquisitions become mandatory to benefit from such opportunities. Thus, the aim of this thesisis to analyze strategic alliances, mergers and acquisitions of FMC Technologies with their key players in the oil and gas sector. The investigation was conducted using a case study methodology, with triangulation of methods. The survey data were collected by different ways: analysis of documents, telematic and perception research, using surveys and predominantly structured interviews. The data treatment was based on the theoretical framework, pursuant to a review of the relevant literature, with the support of the analytical tool GlobalSNA Framework Macedo-Soares (2011). The study results showed a match between the strategic objectives for the company and explained the alliances and M&A transactions with partners, providing increased opportunities and reducing threats in the industry level. As a result from the research, it is recommendedto conduct new studies focused on the main competitors of FMC Technologies, whose international operations are also based on global alliances in the oil and gas sector.
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Futter, Alison Jane. "The taxation of oil and gas exploration and production in South Africa : a critical comparison of the OP26 and Tenth Schedule tax regimes." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10488.
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Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-123).<br>This dissertation provides a clear exposition of difficult legal tracts of the Income Tax Act, OP26 prospecting leases, OP26 mining leases and OP26 prospecting sub-lease agreements and the Tenth Schedule of the Income Tax Act.
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Shortland, Susan. "Women's participation in expatriation : the contribution of organisational policy & practice : a case study of the oil & gas exploration & production sector." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2012. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8z4x1/women-s-participation-in-expatriation-the-contribution-of-organisational-policy-practice-a-case-study-of-the-oil-gas-exploration-production-sector.
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This thesis contributes to knowledge by demonstrating how organisational policies and practices can make a difference to increasing women’s expatriate participation in the oil and gas exploration and production sector. Through a census survey of female international assignees and in-depth interviews addressing their concerns in a UK-based case study setting, it explains why women hold such a low volume (approximately one-tenth) of the sector’s expatriate roles. International assignments are a business necessity as expatriates supply specialist skills and strategic vision. Given skills shortages in the sector, the case for increasing expatriate gender diversity is strong. This study is important and timely as, thus far, we know very little about how organisational policy and practice can increase expatriate gender participation. Hence, this thesis addresses deficiencies in the extant literature and contributes new academic knowledge. It also provides practical suggestions to enable organisations to widen expatriate gender diversity. The thesis identifies the effects of horizontal and vertical segregation, assignment type and underpinning organisational policies on women’s expatriate participation. Relatively few women are suitably qualified for the majority of expatriate engineering and exploration posts. Yet, even when they hold appropriate qualifications, women experience intense competition for career-enhancing expatriation and are segregated into noninternationally mobile occupations. As international experience is a prerequisite for career development, women are disadvantaged. Women prefer long-term accompanied assignments as these provide the highest career contribution coupled with home life/ family stability, underpinned by generous remuneration/ benefits packages. Unaccompanied shortterm, rotational and commuter assignments are less attractive. As assignment lengths shorten due to cost and other pressures, career contribution and family life and, consequently, women’s expatriate participation are affected detrimentally. Organisational policy supporting expatriation is implemented formally and informally. Yet, strong reliance on high levels of networking to gain expatriate roles potentially creates and reinforces vertical segregation. While equal opportunity is espoused and diversity policy is in place, strategic and operational action to increase women’s share of expatriation is lacking. A meritocracy prevails and women compete in an expatriate ‘male game’.
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Akade, Solace Aiwanfo. "Understanding the impact of culture on project execution in a developing country : an action research study of six international oil and gas companies in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2017. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3009605/.
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Despite the research on project execution in developing countries and project practitioners executing projects in accordance with project management practices, projects in developing countries still experience a high rate of failure (Gu et al, 2013). Supporting this view, Nzekwe et al (2015) posit that project failure has become rampant in construction projects executed in developing countries. The researcher's organization is not exempted, hence the motivation for this research. This would suggest that project failure issues are not just due to technical factors, but encompass wider behavioural non-technical factors (Skok and Doringer, 2001). The aim of this study therefore was to contribute to project management literature by investigating the impact of culture on project execution in international organizations domiciled in a developing country. The overall goal was to understand and ameliorate the high rate of project failure in a developing country context with the objective to provide strategies for successful project execution. Applying a realist research approach, this research investigates project execution and management of a project team cultural variation from an industrial context. The methodology for the study was both quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative data was collected through survey questionnaire from 103 experienced project practitioners involved in projects execution in the six largest international oil companies (IOCs) in Nigeria. This sample was selected to close a research gap of limited studies in the oil industry of developing countries. The reliability of the data collected was established by the Cronbach coefficient alpha calculations. Qualitative data was collected through interviews with 20 respondents. Secondary data was sourced from review of literature. The results of the Frequency, Pearson Correlation and Coefficient of Determination analysis reveal a correlation between culture and project outcome, and also a correlation between culture and behaviour. The research concludes that culture has an impact on project execution in the IOC's operating in Nigeria, a developing economy. The results will benefit both practice and academics. In practice, this research provides insight regarding the challenges project managers face when leading culturally diverse teams and propose strategies aimed at curbing project failure. The recommendations will be synthesised into actionable items in the researchers practice as a deliverable of this Action Research approach. In academia, this research will serve as a resource base for secondary data for other scholars and researchers interested in carrying out research on the impact of culture on project delivery in a developing economy.
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Afsar, Fatima. "ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF 2D/3D SEISMIC DATA OVER DHURNAL OIL FIELD, NORTHERN PAKISTAN." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Geofysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202565.
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The study area, Dhurnal oil field, is located 74 km southwest of Islamabad in the Potwar basin of Pakistan. Discovered in March 1984, the field was developed with four producing wells and three water injection wells. Three main limestone reservoirs of Eocene and Paleocene ages are present in this field. These limestone reservoirs are tectonically fractured and all the production is derived from these fractures. The overlying claystone formation of Miocene age provides vertical and lateral seal to the Paleocene and Permian carbonates. The field started production in May 1984, reaching a maximum rate of 19370 BOPD in November 1989. Currently Dhurnal‐1 (D-1) and Dhurnal‐6 (D-6) wells are producing 135 BOPD and 0.65 MMCF/D gas. The field has depleted after producing over 50 million Bbls of oil and 130 BCF of gas from naturally fractured low energy shelf carbonates of the Eocene, Paleocene and Permian reservoirs. Preliminary geological and geophysical data evaluation of Dhurnal field revealed the presence of an up-dip anticlinal structure between D-1 and D-6 wells, seen on new 2003 reprocessed data. However, this structural impression is not observed on old 1987 processed data. The aim of this research is to compare and evaluate old and new reprocessed data in order to identify possible factors affecting the structural configuration. For this purpose, a detailed interpretation of old and new reprocessed data is carried out and results clearly demonstrate that structural compartmentalization exists in Dhurnal field (based on 2003 data). Therefore, to further analyse the available data sets, processing sequences pertaining to both vintages have been examined. After great effort and detailed investigation, it is concluded that the major parameter giving rise to this data discrepancy is the velocity analysis done with different gridding intervals. The detailed and dense velocity analysis carried out on the data in 2003 was able to image the subtle anticlinal feature, which was missed on the 1987 processed seismic data due to sparse gridding. In addition to this, about 105 sq.km 3D seismic data recently (2009) acquired by Ocean Pakistan Limited (OPL) is also interpreted in this project to gain greater confidence on the results. The 3D geophysical interpretation confirmed the findings and aided in accurately mapping the remaining hydrocarbon potential of Dhurnal field.
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Howard, Mitchell James. "Development of a machine-tooling-process integrated approach for abrasive flow machining (AFM) of difficult-to-machine materials with application to oil and gas exploration componenets." Thesis, Brunel University, 2014. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/9262.
Full textAbstract:
Abrasive flow machining (AFM) is a non-traditional manufacturing technology used to expose a substrate to pressurised multiphase slurry, comprised of superabrasive grit suspended in a viscous, typically polymeric carrier. Extended exposure to the slurry causes material removal, where the quantity of removal is subject to complex interactions within over 40 variables. Flow is contained within boundary walls, complex in form, causing physical phenomena to alter the behaviour of the media. In setting factors and levels prior to this research, engineers had two options; embark upon a wasteful, inefficient and poor-capability trial and error process or they could attempt to relate the findings they achieve in simple geometry to complex geometry through a series of transformations, providing information that could be applied over and over. By condensing process variables into appropriate study groups, it becomes possible to quantify output while manipulating only a handful of variables. Those that remain un-manipulated are integral to the factors identified. Through factorial and response surface methodology experiment designs, data is obtained and interrogated, before feeding into a simulated replica of a simple system. Correlation with physical phenomena is sought, to identify flow conditions that drive material removal location and magnitude. This correlation is then applied to complex geometry with relative success. It is found that prediction of viscosity through computational fluid dynamics can be used to estimate as much as 94% of the edge-rounding effect on final complex geometry. Surface finish prediction is lower (~75%), but provides significant relationship to warrant further investigation. Original contributions made in this doctoral thesis include; 1) A method of utilising computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to derive a suitable process model for the productive and reproducible control of the AFM process, including identification of core physical phenomena responsible for driving erosion, 2) Comprehensive understanding of effects of B4C-loaded polydimethylsiloxane variants used to process Ti6Al4V in the AFM process, including prediction equations containing numerically-verified second order interactions (factors for grit size, grain fraction and modifier concentration), 3) Equivalent understanding of machine factors providing energy input, studying velocity, temperature and quantity. Verified predictions are made from data collected in Ti6Al4V substrate material using response surface methodology, 4) Holistic method to translating process data in control-geometry to an arbitrary geometry for industrial gain, extending to a framework for collecting new data and integrating into current knowledge, and 5) Application of methodology using research-derived CFD, applied to complex geometry proven by measured process output. As a result of this project, four publications have been made to-date – two peer-reviewed journal papers and two peer-reviewed international conference papers. Further publications will be made from June 2014 onwards.
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Zamith, Maria Regina Macchione de Arruda. ""A nova economia institucional e as atividades de exploração e produção Onshore de petroléo e gás natural em campos maduros no Brasil"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-31072005-002338/.
Full textAbstract:
Adotando os conceitos da Nova Economia Institucional (NEI) e de sua vertente, a teoria da Economia dos Custos de Transação (ECT), apresenta-se, neste trabalho, uma discussão sobre o ambiente institucional brasileiro para o setor de exploração e produção (E&P) de petróleo e gás natural, sua regulação e caracterização. Discute-se as especificidades relativas às condições de desenvolvimento das atividades em campos de petróleo considerados maduros e/ou marginais, que constituem a maior parte das bacias brasileiras conhecidas em terra. O trabalho defende que este segmento de atividades de E&P requer um tratamento diferenciado em termos de regulação e outras políticas públicas, visando privilegiar a entrada de novos agentes e aumentar seu dinamismo no longo prazo. Contrapondo ao ambiente institucional nacional, optou-se por estudar o desenvolvimento das atividades onshore no Texas. Assim, estabelece-se comparações entre as duas realidades com relação à sua regulamentação, programas de incentivos, estrutura industrial, histórico de atividades e, principalmente, em relação à ação dos respectivos órgãos reguladores, a Agência Nacional de Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP), pelo Brasil, e a Texas Railroad Commission (TRC), pelo Texas. A experiência da TRC no setor petroleiro texano, cujas características presentes, por se tratar de campos produtores de petróleo maduros, possuem certa similaridade com os campos em terra no Brasil, revela uma série de direções para o aprimoramento da regulação petroleira brasileira no sentido de promover suas atividades onshore.<br>By Adopting the New Institutional Economics (NIE), and the theory of Transaction Cost Economics (TCE), this work discuss about the Brazilian institutional environment for oil and natural gas exploration and production (E&P), the regulation and main features. This study discusses the specificities related to the development of onshore activities on mature and/or marginal oil and gas fields. These areas are the majority on the Brazilian developed onshore segment. The Thesis sustains that such a segment of E&P activities needs a special treatment in terms of regulation and other public policies, aiming at to improving the entrance of new players in the sector and its long-term growing. For a comparative analysis, the study of the onshore activities development in Texas provides important insights to understand and criticize de Brazilian situation. The Thesis compares both realities in terms of the regulation and incentives programs, industrial structure, history of activities as well as the main role players by the respective Oil and Gas Regulator, the National Petroleum Agency (ANP) in Brazil, and the Texas Railroad Commission (TRC) in Texas. TRCs long experience in regulating Texas onshore oil and gas activities, whose present situation has similarities regarding to the Brazilian onshore areas (by their maturity), reveals a series of paths to improve Brazils oil and gas regulation and boost its onshore activities.