Journal articles: 'Explosion, 1875'

1

Steele, M. William. "Mobility on the Move." Transfers 4, no. 3 (December 1, 2014): 88–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2014.040307.

Full text

Abstract:

The rickshaw initiated an explosion in personal mobility in Asia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Invented in Japan in 1869, by 1872 there were forty thousand and by 1875 over one hundred thousand of the new two-wheel vehicles on the streets of Tokyo. The number reached a peak in 1896 with 210,000 countrywide. The rickshaw (in Japanese, jinrikisha) quickly spread to Asia, to Shanghai and Hong Kong in 1874, to Singapore and Calcutta in 1880. By 1900, the rickshaw had spread throughout the continent, bringing with it new mobility to an emerging urban middle class. Moreover, for many people in Asia, the rickshaw alongside the locomotive, came to symbolize modernity. This article will explore routes of diffusion, focusing on the role played by Akiha Daisuke and his adopted son, Akiha Daisuke II, Japan's largest exporters of rickshaws, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Andrási, Dorottya. "Az 1868-as nemzetiségi törvény és a magyar–horvát kiegyezés." Erdélyi Jogélet 3, no. 2 (October 27, 2020): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47745/erjog.2020.02.07.

Full text

Abstract:

The Act XXX of 1868 regulated the public law situation of Croats and Hungarians in a uniquely subdualist way within the Monarchy, and the status quo provided an appropriate basis and guarantees for further development. Another significant step in the settlement of ethnic relations within the Monarchy was Act XLIV of 1868, a law that had an organic relationship with the Compromise Act. Both the Compromise Act and the Nationality Act were defined by the public law conception represented by Ferenc Deák, the essence of which is to focus on the terminology of the unified “political nation” for the Hungarian side, and the position and rights of other national minorities were regulated in relation to it. In Deák’s understanding, the concept of the political nation was linked to the idea of the nation-state, which, as a result of domestic political changes after 1875, became increasingly nationalist and upset relations with individual nationalities, including Croats. In the long run, this process led to mutual misunderstandings between the peoples within the Habsburg Monarchy and to an explosion of ethnic and political relations as a result of several unfortunate political factors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Beegle-Krause, CJ, and Walton (Tad) Lynch. "COMBINING MODELING WITH RESPONSE IN POTENTIAL DEEP WELL BLOWOUT: LESSONS LEARNED FROM THUNDER HORSE1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2005, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 719–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2005-1-719.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT In May of 2003 a drilling riser break at a BP development well in 6015 feet (1875 m) of water in the Gulf of Mexico initiated a dialog between BP responders and NOAA/HAZMAT modelers about the potential consequences of a deep well blowout. Human health and safety issues were the key concern for BP responders, particularly those planning potential on water operations. Where might the gas surface? Would the natural gas (propane and methane) at the water's surface pose an explosion or asphyxiation hazard? Was there a potential for the gas bubbles to sink any of the response vessels? These discussions did not have as cut-and-dry answers as either BP or NOAA would have preferred. During the planning for BP's attempt to bring the well back into operation, the General NOAA Oil Modeling Environment (GNOME) with the Clarkson Deep Oil and Gas model (CDOG, Zheng et al 2003, Chen and Yapa 2003 and Yapa and Cheng 2004) were run. The data required for modeling a deep spill is more extensive then for a surface oil trajectory and was the subject of much discussion between BP responders and NOAA/HAZMAT. As a result, NOAA/HAZMAT created a data summary request sheet (Appendix 1) to guide the BP responders in what data was needed, and provided a point of discussion for implications of missing data.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Blount, Russell W. "Mobile's Great Magazine Explosion of 1865." Alabama Review 74, no. 3 (2021): 240–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ala.2021.0025.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Flyagin, A. S., V. A. Vorsin, and V. M. Ufimtsev. "Production and application in industrial conditions of non-explosive destructive mixtures." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 80, no. 2 (October 2, 2018): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2018-2-290-296.

Full text

Abstract:

In modern urban conditions of dense construction, as well as in the production of special works in the mining industry, new quality materials for non-explosive destruction of buildings, structures and rocks are required. Such material is non-explosive expanding mixtures (LDCs). LDCs are used in cases when the destruction of rocks by explosion unacceptable due to the dangerous consequences associated with the violation of stability of rock massif and negative seismic manifestations of the explosion. Non-explosive expanding mixtures are widespread in mining and construction works in many countries: the USA, Japan, Canada, the Czech Republic and others. They are used in the extraction of stone blocks, cutting of oversized, destruction of concrete structures, etc. Specialists of the academic University, research Institute and industry representative developed a product that is not inferior, and even superior to domestic and foreign analogues. The maximum developed pressure on the walls of the hole reaches 187.5 MPa. To date, the Russian market is represented by cheap, but lower in quality LDCs produced in China. Domestic development directly meets all the conditions of the Russian government Decree on import substitution. The article describes the main types of LDCs, the fundamental differences from analogues in the mode of production (firing). The mechanism of impact on the mountain range is considered. The main advantages of this material are indicated. The scope of the compositions is very extensive is the construction work in cramped conditions (ie. near buildings and structures, highways, industrial communications, settlements, in existing shops, etc.), mining of piece stone, crushing array (burrs, oversized, etc.), careful extraction of crystalline materials, work on dismantling of building structures, etc. it is Advisable to use these compounds in those places where it is not possible to use explosives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Wisniak, Jaime. "The development of Dynamite. From Braconnot to Nobel." Educación Química 19, no. 1 (June 21, 2011): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fq.18708404e.2008.1.25765.

Full text

Abstract:

Henry Braconnot (1780-1855), Théophile-Jules Pelouze (1807-1867) y Ascanio Sobrero (1812-1888) son las figuras centrales en el descubrimiento de la naturaleza explosiva y las propiedades de los productos de la reacción de las mezclas de ácido nítrico y ácido sulfúrico con carbohidratos (azúcares, almidones, celulosa y lignina) y polialcoholes, en el corto periodo de 1833 a 1850. Sus descubrimientos permitieron a Alfred Bernhard Nobel (1833-1896) transformar la información acerca de un producto de manejo peligroso en una realidad industrial e iniciar así la industria moderna de los explosivos. En este artículo se describe el desarrollo histórico del conocimiento científico hasta su cristalización en la dinamita de nuestros días.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Kohno, Mika, and Yoshiyuki Fujii. "Past 220 year bipolar volcanic signals: remarks on common features of their source volcanic eruptions." Annals of Glaciology 35 (2002): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756402781816807.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractDuring the past 220 years, prominent signals of non-sea salt sulfate ion (nssSO42–) concentration exceeding the background level, including both marine biogenic and anthropogenic SO42–, were found in shallow ice cores from site H15 in East Antarctica and Site-J in southern Greenland. They were mostly correlated with past explosive volcanic eruptions. on the basis of this result and published results of shallow ice cores and snow pits at various locations on the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets, eight common signals were found, of which six were assigned to the following explosive eruptions: El Chichόn, Mexico, in 1982; Agung, Indonesia, in 1963; Santa Maria, Guatemala, in 1902; Krakatau, Indonesia, in 1883; Cosiguina, Nicaragua, in 1835; an unknown volcano between 1831 and 1834; Tambora, Indonesia, in 1815; and an unknown volcano in 1809. Volcanic eruptions which have a potential to imprint their signals in both the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets were characterized by (1) location in low latitudes between 20˚N and 10˚ S, and (2) eruption column height ≥25 km, corresponding to a volcanic explosivity index (VEI) ≥5.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Sykes, Ingrid J. "Sonorous Mechanics: The Culture of Sonority in Nineteenth-Century France." Nineteenth-Century Music Review 1, no. 1 (June 2004): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479409800001877.

Full text

Abstract:

On Wednesday 24 May 1871, during the uprising of the Paris Commune, the Sacristine of the convent of the Sœurs Auxiliatrices des Ames du Purgatoire was disturbed by the sound of rapidly approaching gunfire and explosions. From the secluded convent compound in the rue de la Barouillère in Paris, she wrote in the convent diary: ‘Everyone believes that the house is shaking! . . . The Mother Superior makes an act of faithfulness to the Holy Will of God! . . . it is an explosion in the Luxembourg gunpowder magazine and our tiled floor shatters! The Tuileries, the Louvre, the Ministry of War, the Palace of the Legion of honour are in flames.’ However, the Sacristine's attention was soon shifted from the noise of conflict towards the many other types of sounds outside and within the convent. Even the sound of the doorbell began to strike with a seemingly ominous edge. At ‘1 o′clock pm: The bell rings very loudly, the Mother Superior looks out of the window, it is her brother!’ Amidst the noises of war surrounding the compound, the nuns continued their musical routine of song and organ playing: ‘6 pm: Les Mères nevertheless sing pieces to the Holy Sacrament and the Most Holy Virgin.’

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Chumney, James R., and Gene Eric Salecker. "Disaster on the Mississippi: The Sultana Explosion, April 27, 1865." Journal of Southern History 63, no. 4 (November 1997): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2211755.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Mindell, David A., and Gene Eric Salecker. "Disaster on the Mississippi: The Sultana Explosion, April 27, 1865." Journal of American History 84, no. 2 (September 1997): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2952637.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Nascimento, Flávio Conche do. "BOLÍVIA: CAMINHOS QUE LEVARAM AO ESTADO PLURINACIONAL (1825-2009) * BOLIVA: CAMINOS QUE LLEVARAM AL ESTADO PLURINACIONAL (1825-2009)." História e Cultura 4, no. 3 (December 16, 2015): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.18223/hiscult.v4i3.1701.

Full text

Abstract:

<div><strong>Resumo:</strong> Muito se debate hoje acerca do Estado Plurinacional da Bolívia, sobretudo na Ciência Política, Sociologia e Direito. No presente artigo, buscamos em tais campos as contribuições para refletir historicamente sobre as trilhas que levaram à promulgação do Texto Constitucional em 2009. Para tanto, elencamos a dinâmica “mudança-fixação” como mote central, privilegiando alterações de termos cogentes de acordo com suas negociações e contradições subjacentes. Visando facilitar a exposição de diferentes contextos sócio-legislativos, dividimos o texto em alguns “caminhos”, dentre eles: o Estado oligarca que se iniciou com a Independência (1825), a ascensão das correntes de esquerda nacionalistas dos anos 1950 e a explosão dos vetores étnico-originários na passagem do século XX para o XXI.</div><br /><br /><div><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> Estado moderno; nacionalismo de esquerda; Nação e Plurinação; direito de ser diferente.</div><br /><br /><div><strong>Resumen:</strong> Mucho se discute hoy sobre el Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia, principalmente en la Ciencia Política, Sociología y Derecho. En este artículo, hemos buscado en estas asignaturas las contribuciones para reflexionar históricamente sobre las trillas que llevaran a la promulgación del Texto Constitucional en 2009. Para tanto, apuntamos la dinámica “cambio-fijación” como punto central, privilegiando las alteraciones de las normas del Estado juntamente con sus negociaciones e contradicciones más profundas. Visando facilitar a las exposiciones de los hechos, dividimos el texto en algunos “caminos”, entre ellos: el Estado oligarca que se empiezo con la Independencia (1825), el surgimiento de las corrientes de izquierda nacionalistas de los años 1950 y la explosión de los vectores étnico-originarios en la pasaje del ciclo XX para el XXI.<br /> <br /><strong>Palabras clave:</strong> Estado moderno; nacionalismo de izquierda; Nación y Plurinación; derecho de ser distinto.</div>

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Zhang, M. J., Z. Q. Li, C. D. Xiao, D. H. Qin, H. A. Yang, J. C. Kang, and J. Li. "A continuous 250-year record of volcanic activity from Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica." Antarctic Science 14, no. 1 (March 2002): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102002000573.

Full text

Abstract:

A 51.85 m ice core collected from site LGB65 (accumulation rate 127 kg m−2 a−1, mean annual temperature −33.1°C) in Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica, during the 1996–97 Chinese First Antarctic Inland Expedition has been analysed for chemical composition and oxygen isotope ratio. Based on the high definition of seasonal variations of major ions, the ice core was dated with errors within ± 3 years. The continuous sulphate analysis of the ice core provides an annually resolved proxy history of southern hemisphere volcanism in the past 250 years. High nssSO42−, concentrations seem to be well correlated to some explosive volcanic eruptions, such as Tambora (AD 1815), Coseguina (AD 1835), Krakatoa (AD 1883) and Tarawera (AD 1886). In comparison with other volcanic records, it seems that nssSO42− concentration data provide a better proxy for detecting volcanic activity than nssSO42− fluxes in low and intermediate accumulation regions, however, in high accumulation regions, small and moderate events may be more identifiable using of nssSO42− flux data.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Kairgaliev, D. V., and A. Yu Avdalyan. "Explosive Examination in the Investigation of Criminal Cases." Аграрное и земельное право, no. 12 (2020): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47643/1815-1329_2020_12_127.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Gazzola, Ana Lúcia Almeida. "O Brasil de Marianne North: lembranças de uma viajante inglesa." Revista Estudos Feministas 16, no. 3 (December 2008): 1031–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-026x2008000300020.

Full text

Abstract:

A partir de reflexões sobre a mulher e a feminilidade no período vitoriano, a explosão do mercado literário no século XIX e o acesso da mulher à educação, à literatura e ao jornalismo, o texto introduz a obra de Marianne North, pintora inglesa que viajava com o objetivo de pintar a flora de outros países, particularmente a exótica flora tropical. Marianne tornou-se uma das mais famosas viajantes globetrotters de sua época, ao percorrer inúmeros países, como Canadá, Estados Unidos, Jamaica, Brasil, Teneriffe, Japão, Bornéu, Java, Ceilão, Singapura, Índia, Gales, Austrália, Nova Zelândia, Tasmânia, África do Sul, as ilhas Seychelles e Chile. No total, ela deixou registrado aproximadamente 727 gêneros (quase 1.000 espécies) de plantas, algumas bem pouco conhecidas dos estudiosos. O texto trata, pois, da dupla condição de Marianne North como pintora e como autora de relatos dos países visitados. No Brasil, por exemplo, ela viveu entre 1872 e 1873. Seu profissionalismo e objetividade a distinguem das demais viajantes do século XIX.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Edaich, Said. "The “halal” criterion in the reformist conception of conventional finances." Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 17, no. 3 (January 24, 2020): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1865.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper, the author presents “halal finance” as a reform of the conventional financial system. Starting with a presentation of the vision of the meaning of the reform, which differs from that perceived by old civilizations, he tries to cast light on the role of the reform and its impact on the development of society in general. At the second stage, attention is paid to the connotation of the new management of public affairs and financial reforms. In the last part, the author demonstrates how conventional finances integrate halal finance as a reform considering the changes that have marked the financial industry in recent years, especially the explosion of petrodollars, the deregulation and liberalization of financial markets.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Bomba, A. Ya, and K. M. Malash. "Modeling of Explosive Processes in Anisotropic Media where Boundary of the Influence Region is Identified." Mathematical and computer modelling. Series: Technical sciences, no. 18 (December 18, 2018): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2308-5916.2018-18.5-17.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Blume, Kenneth J. "Disaster on the Mississippi: The Sultana Explosion, April 27, 1865 (review)." Civil War History 43, no. 4 (1997): 355–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cwh.1997.0065.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Eltsov, Vladimir N., and Olesya N. Kozodaeva. "Legislative regulation of terrorist crimes in Russia before the October revolution of 1917." Current Issues of the State and Law, no. 17 (2021): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2021-5-17-68-74.

Full text

Abstract:

The history of the development of legislation on criminal liability for crimes of a terrorist nature in Russia has changed. The modern perception of the criminal phenomenon under consideration, as we note, is reduced to the ideology of violence, the motivation and goals of which depend on what is at its core, for example, politics, religion, racism, and so on. The analysis of legislative acts before the October revolution of 1917 allows us to identify the objects of terrorist influence (representatives of the authorities, the gov-ernment, the head of state) and the methods of committing such criminal at-tacks (deliberate arson, explosion), which in practice had a certain criminal legal significance for the qualification and appointment of punishment. The work focuses on the fact that only some provisions of the articles of the Rus-sian Pravda, the Sudebnik of 1497 and 1550, the Pskov and Novgorod Court Documents, the Cathedral Code of 1649, the Military Code of 1715, the Code on Criminal and Correctional Punishments of 1845 contained signs of terrorist actions. In the course of the study, we conclude that no legislative act of the pre-Soviet period contained a terminological base that defines terrorist crimes as such. The wave of terror in the 19th–20th centuries. it resulted in the mass death of people and the commission of a number of other acts. Deliberate arson and explosions cause intimidation and cause significant damage to the interests of the individual, society and the State. The research in the scientific work shows that terrorism as an independent type of crime has been legally regulated since 1992.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Stenni, B., R. Caprioli, L. Cimino, C. Cremisini, O. Flora, R. Gragnani, A. Longinelli, V. Maggi, and S. Torcini. "200 years of isotope and chemical records in a firn core from Hercules Névé, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 29 (1999): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756499781821175.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractA 42.2 m firn core was collected at the Hercules Névé plateau (100 km inland and 2960 m a.s.L), northern Victoria Land, during the 1994-95 Italian Antarctic Expedition. Chemical (Cl–, NO3–, SO42–’; δ18O δ18O δ18O; m-2a-1) and isotope (5180) analyses were performed to evaluate the snow-accumulation rate at this site. Tritium measurements were performed in the upper part of the core to narrow down the dating of the core.High nssSO42- concentrations seem to be related to some explosive volcanic eruptions, such as Tambora (AD 1815) and the preceding event called "Unknown" (AD 1809), Coseguina (AD 1835), Makjan (AD 1861), Krakatoa (AD 1883) and Tarawera (AD 1886).A comparison between the seasonal variations observed in the isotope and chemical profiles was carried out in order to reduce the dating uncertainty, using the tritium and the volcanic markers as time constraints. A deposition period of 222 years was determined.The 3 year smoothed «5180 profile shows more negative values from the bottom of the core (dated AD 1770) throughout the 19th century, suggesting "cooler" conditions, in agreement with other East Antarctic ice-core records! Subsequently, a general increase in δ180-values is observed.The calculated average snow-accumulation rates between the above-mentioned time markers are 111-129 kg m-2a-1.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Meyer, John W., David John Frank, Ann Hironaka, Evan Schofer, and Nancy Brandon Tuma. "The Structuring of a World Environmental Regime, 1870–1990." International Organization 51, no. 4 (1997): 623–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002081897550474.

Full text

Abstract:

In recent decades a great expansion has occurred in world environmental organization, both governmental and nongovernmental, along with an explosion of worldwide discourse and communication about environmental problems. All of this constitutes a world environmental regime. Using the term regime a little more broadly than usual, we define world environmental regime as a partially integrated collection of world-level organizations, understandings, and assumptions that specify the relationship of human society to nature. The rise of an environmental regime has accompanied greatly expanded organization and activity in many sectors of global society. Explaining the growth of the environmental regime, however, poses some problems. The interests and powers of the dominant actors in world society—nation-states and economic interests—came late to the environmental scene. Thus these forces cannot easily be used to explain the rise of world mobilization around the environment, in contrast with other sectors of global society (for example, the international economic and national security regimes).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Morris, Simon Conway. "Nipping the Cambrian “explosion” in the bud?" BioEssays 22, no. 12 (November 10, 2000): 1053–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-1878(200012)22:12<1053::aid-bies2>3.0.co;2-2.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Scott, Robert H., and W. Galloway. "Notes on the connexion between colliery explosions and weather in the year 1871." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 1, no. 8 (September 10, 2007): 246–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.4970010803.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Su, Pei-Chi, and Shang-chia Chiou. "Preliminary Explosion on Ancient Architecture’s Disaster Prevention Design Strategy: Buildings in Lin’s Village in Wufeng." Design Principles and Practices: An International Journal—Annual Review 5, no. 2 (2011): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1833-1874/cgp/v05i02/38044.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Liu, Yalei, and Xiaohui Gu. "Research on the Vibration Response of Cylindrical Vessel under Explosion Shock Wave in Confined Space." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1865, no. 3 (April 1, 2021): 032017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1865/3/032017.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Taddia, F., J. Sollerman, C. Fremling, E. Karamehmetoglu, R. M. Quimby, A. Gal-Yam, O. Yaron, et al. "PTF11mnb: First analog of supernova 2005bf." Astronomy & Astrophysics 609 (January 2018): A106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201629874.

Full text

Abstract:

Aims. We study PTF11mnb, a He-poor supernova (SN) whose light curves resemble those of SN 2005bf, a peculiar double-peaked stripped-envelope (SE) SN, until the declining phase after the main peak. We investigate the mechanism powering its light curve and the nature of its progenitor star. Methods. Optical photometry and spectroscopy of PTF11mnb are presented. We compared light curves, colors and spectral properties to those of SN 2005bf and normal SE SNe. We built a bolometric light curve and modeled this light curve with the SuperNova Explosion Code (SNEC) hydrodynamical code explosion of a MESA progenitor star and semi-analytic models. Results. The light curve of PTF11mnb turns out to be similar to that of SN 2005bf until ~50 d when the main (secondary) peaks occur at −18.5 mag. The early peak occurs at ~20 d and is about 1.0 mag fainter. After the main peak, the decline rate of PTF11mnb is remarkably slower than what was observed in SN 2005bf, and it traces well the 56Co decay rate. The spectra of PTF11mnb reveal a SN Ic and have no traces of He unlike in the case of SN Ib 2005bf, although they have velocities comparable to those of SN 2005bf. The whole evolution of the bolometric light curve is well reproduced by the explosion of a massive (Mej = 7.8 M⊙), He-poor star characterized by a double-peaked 56Ni distribution, a total 56Ni mass of 0.59 M⊙, and an explosion energy of 2.2 × 1051 erg. Alternatively, a normal SN Ib/c explosion (M(56Ni) = 0.11 M⊙, EK = 0.2 × 1051 erg, Mej = 1 M⊙) can power the first peak while a magnetar, with a magnetic field characterized by B = 5.0 × 1014 G, and a rotation period of P = 18.1 ms, provides energy for the main peak. The early g-band light curve can be fit with a shock-breakout cooling tail or an extended envelope model from which a radius of at least 30 R⊙ is obtained. Conclusions. We presented a scenario where PTF11mnb was the explosion of a massive, He-poor star, characterized by a double-peaked 56Ni distribution. In this case, the ejecta mass and the absence of He imply a large ZAMS mass (~85 M⊙) for the progenitor, which most likely was a Wolf-Rayet star, surrounded by an extended envelope formed either by a pre-SN eruption or due to a binary configuration. Alternatively, PTF11mnb could be powered by a SE SN with a less massive progenitor during the first peak and by a magnetar afterward.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Frattini, Jared C., Julie Ann Sosa, Susanne Carmack, and Marie E. Robert. "Sclerosing Epithelioid Fibrosarcoma of the Cecum: A Radiation-Associated Tumor in a Previously Unreported Site." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 131, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 1825–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2007-131-1825-sefotc.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Data from the nuclear reactor explosion in Chernobyl and the atomic bomb detonations in Hiroshima and Nagasaki demonstrated an association between ionizing radiation and tumoriogenesis. There is a significant association between external beam radiation and radiation-induced sarcoma. Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma is a rare form of malignant fibrosarcoma that is low grade and indolent with distinct immunohistopathologic characteristics that usually occurs in the soft tissues of the extremities. A 62-year-old man from Kiev who aided in the cleanup at Chernobyl presented with crampy abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. His workup revealed a cecal mass, and the final pathology from his laparotomy confirmed sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma with metastasis to the liver. In addition to a review of the literature, we report the first case of sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma arising from the large bowel. Exposure to ionizing radiation from Chernobyl could have played a role in the development of his tumor.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Berdún Chéliz, Pilar. "Intervencionismo y gasto público en Europa, 1870-1920." Acciones e Investigaciones Sociales, no. 13 (March 29, 2011): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_ais/ais.200113210.

Full text

Abstract:

Durante el último cuarto del siglo XIX y las primeras décadas del XX se produce en Europa una gradual transformación de la intervención pública, de manera que se va forjando un Estado mucho más volcado hacia la protección y seguridad de los ciudadanos y más involucrado con el desarrollo económico. El creciente protagonismo del Estado se verá reflejado en un incremento del gasto público con relación al producto nacional que, pese a ciertos altibajos, será ininterrumpido hasta su explosión definitiva con el estallido de la Gran Guerra. Este fenómeno es analizado en el presente trabajo, donde veremos cómo la participación del gasto público español en la renta nacional va a ir siempre por detrás de las proporciones alcanzadas por los presupuestos de los países de nuestro entorno, especialmente en Alemania, Gran Bretaña e Italia. Además, se produce en estos años una fundamental transformación en la estructura del gasto público que dará paso a un nuevo concepto de Estado, embrión del actual Estado de bienestar. Y también en este aspecto se pone de manifiesto el atraso relativo que, en general, muestra la estructura del gasto español frente a la preponderancia que en la Europa más desarrollada iban adquiriendo los gastos sociales y económicos.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

BARNES, P., and R. J. FIRMAN. "Difficulties in establishing a limited liability company in Great Britain during the 1860s and the role of financial information: a case history." Financial History Review 8, no. 2 (October 2001): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565001000233.

Full text

Abstract:

As a result of legislation in 1855, 1856 and 1862 that effectively enabled limited liability companies to be formed with minimum difficulty for the first time, there was an explosion of new companies. However, after the collapse of Overend, Gurney Ltd in 1866 they became unpopular. This paper examines the case of a business which failed to raise the necessary funding because of suspicion of exaggerated claims made in public prospectuses and the ways in which it attempted to survive. This gypsum industry case history also illustrates the problems facing the new class of ‘pure’ investors and directors who had little understanding of the industry in which their company was operating and the nature and reliability of the financial information available to them required for their decision-making.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Adams, Mark B. ""Red Star" Another Look at Aleksandr Bogdanov." Slavic Review 48, no. 1 (1989): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2498682.

Full text

Abstract:

In recent years, there has been a minor explosion of interest in Aleksandr Bogdanov and other radical Russian intellectuals of pre-Stalinist days. After being in limbo for half a century, their ideas seem almost fresh and vibrant: Set against subsequent Soviet history, their aborted visions of a socialist future seem to give a sense of what might have been. And who knows—in the Gorbachev period, as the Soviet Union sorts out its problems and policies, some of their ideas might enjoy a new lease on life. For these and other reasons, they have recently attracted special interest.Of course, in Bogdanov's case, there is much to be interested in. Born Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Malinovskii in 1873, Bogdanov trained as a physician in Moscow and Khar'kov, worked briefly as a psychiatrist, and published widely on philosophy, politics, social theory, social psychology, economics, and culture.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Dubovik, A. V. "Accelerated thermolysis of a trinitrotoluene—nitrotriazolone composite explosive with the 1 : 1 weight ratio." Russian Chemical Bulletin 66, no. 5 (May 2017): 833–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11172-017-1815-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Cerro, Ana María, and Osvaldo Meloni. "Making explosive cocktails: Recipes and costs of 20 Argentine crises from 1865 to 2004." Investigaciones de Historia Económica - Economic History Research 10, no. 2 (June 2014): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ihe.2014.03.011.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Pereira, A. J. S. C., S. M. Barbosa, L. J. P. F. Neves, and F. Aumento. "Soil-gas radon monitoring in an active granite quarry from central Portugal." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 7 (July 6, 2011): 1845–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-1845-2011.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract. Seven soil-gas radon monitoring stations were placed along the active front of a granite quarry in Canas de senhorim, Central Portugal, recording continuously for 81 days. Important differences in the radon concentration were found between stations, with average values comprised between 102 and 2982 Bq m−3, which can be explained by the local presence of uranium anomalies in the regional late-orogenic Hercynian granite, usually associated with faults. One of the boreholes exhibits large radon anomalies lasting for several days, and two, contrary to the others, show a clear daily periodic behaviour, with minima around 19:00 LT and maxima around 07:00 LT. The different patterns observed in stations placed at such a short distance (<100 m) has no clear explanation and deserves further investigation. Data analysis shows no evidence of soil-gas radon concentration changes during explosions carried out at the quarry. This is likely to result from the absence of a progressive stress field affecting the rock, as typically occurs before an earthquake.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Weitzel, Simone da Rocha. "Desenvolvimento de coleções: origem dos fundamentos contemporâneos." Transinformação 24, no. 3 (December 2012): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-37862012000300003.

Full text

Abstract:

O artigo apresenta o resultado de uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi identificar as correspondências entre os fundamentos da área hoje denominada de desenvolvimento de coleções e aqueles estabelecidos no século XIX, a fim de reconstruir os principais conceitos, métodos e práticas da área. Propõe um estudo exploratório para viabilizar essa correspondência a partir de oito obras escolhidas de autores europeus do século XIX, a maioria bibliófilos reconhecidos, a saber: Peignot (1823), Namur (1834), Hesse (1841), Rouveyre (1878), Richard (1883), Gräsel (1893), Petzholdt (1894) e Maire (1896). Essas obras serão analisadas a partir de três categorias contemporâneas da área: desenvolvimento de coleções, seleção e aquisição, por meio do método de revisão de literatura. Conclui-se, por fim, que o fenômeno da explosão da informação afeta o processo de desenvolvimento de coleções como um todo desde o século XVIII. Os autores do século XIX selecionados para o estudo apresentaram várias soluções - as quais fortaleceram o que hoje é denominado de abordagem baseada no acesso à informação - para lidar com a complexidade gerada pelo fenômeno da explosão da informação.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Bergdoll, Barry. "Of Crystals, Cells, and Strata: Natural History and Debates on the Form of a New Architecture in the Nineteenth Century." Architectural History 50 (2007): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00002860.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the most peculiar texts of French Romanticism is Jules Michelet’s today little-read tome, L’Insecte (1857), a fascinating forerunner of Franz Kafka’s Metamorphosis. In Book 2, Chapter 8, entitled ‘De la rénovation de nos arts par l’étude de l’Insecte’ [On the renovation of our arts through studying insects]. Michelet writes there already of two themes that are central to the panorama of intersections between natural history thinking and architectural thought and practice outlined in this essay (itself an interim report on a much longer research project). Here I can take up only some key episodes in the veritable explosion of interest throughout the long nineteenth century (1789 to 1914), and after 1850 in particular: in inorganic and organic nature as sources of inspiration, models even, in the quest to confront the challenges not only of modern society and construction but also of the yearning for a modern style in architecture, and the issue of the new ability to see rather than intuit the inner workings of nature. Michelet writes:

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

L’Heureux, Érik, and Bernard Angers. "A discreet invasion: distribution, origins, and expansion of the European slug complex Arion subfuscus s.l. in Quebec." Canadian Journal of Zoology 96, no. 4 (April 2018): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0171.

Full text

Abstract:

Accurate identification of species and their geographic origins is crucial to assess the impacts of exotic species. This is particularly relevant when multiple introductions are suspected. Species complexes are therefore problematic, as different species can be treated as a single taxon. The highly diversified European complex Arion subfuscus (Draparnaud, 1805) s.l. is abundant throughout northeastern North America. However, surveys performed in the United States have reported a low mitochondrial diversity associated with a single species. To assess whether regions characterized by different human activities harbor different diversities, the taxonomic identities, distributions, and origins of the species of this complex in Quebec (Canada) were determined. The mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene was analyzed in 526 specimens from 69 locations. Both Arion fuscus (O.F. Müller, 1774) and Arion subfuscus (Draparnaud, 1805) s. str. (lineages S1 and S2) were detected. Arion fuscus was the most abundant species, contrasting with previous studies conducted in North America. An explosive range expansion occurred during the last 50 years. Moreover, the presence of different haplotypes confirmed multiple introductions of these species. These results emphasize the importance of not considering an exotic species complex as a single taxon, especially in regions with different human activities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Gorodnova, Elena, Anastasiya Minchenko, and Ekaterina Suvorova. "The study of sandy soils density in the subgrade of road embankment when compacted by explosions of elongated charges." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University, no. 3 (September 20, 2018): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2018-3-371-379.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: To create a solid subgrade for highways and railways fulﬁllment. Methods: Drilling and blasting technology with vertical sand drains formation and explosion energy use was applied. The method in question assumes acceleration of weak organic soils consolidation and loose sands ompaction in the subgrade of the road embankment. Results: Research work was carried out to reduce deformations in the road embankment during the high-speed road construction. Based on the research data, the porosity coefﬁcient and the density index of the sand layer, being the subgrade of the road embankment, were obtained. The article presents a comparison between the results calculated before and after the work. Practical importance: When comparing the results of cone penetration test in soil, obtained at different stages of work, the conclusion was made that the sands in the subgrade of the road embankment were compacted. This fact implies that the application of drilling and blasting technology at sand drains formation results both in weak soils stabilization and also in loose sands compaction. The range of conducted works provides durability and stability in the subgrade of the road embankment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Gómez Serrano, Jesús. ""Remansos de ensueño." Las huertas y la gestión del agua en Aguascalientes, 1855-1914." Historia Mexicana 64, no. 3 (January 1, 2015): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/hm.v64i3.2999.

Full text

Abstract:

Al igual que en otros muchos lugares, las huertas fueron parte esencial del paisaje urbano en Aguascalientes durante toda la época colonial, el siglo XIX y la primera mitad del XX. Este artículo reseña sus orígenes y concentra el análisis en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, su época de mayor esplendor, cuando hicieron de Aguascalientes “la ciudad de las flores, los frutos y las aguas”. A partir del Plano formado por Isidoro Epstein en 1855 y de la recreación propuesta por Eduardo J. Correa en su libro Un viaje a Termápolis, se estudia el peso que tenían las huertas en la ciudad, su distribución por barrios, la gestión del sistema de riego, la medida en que definieron el proceso urbano y ciertos mitos asociados al cultivo de la vid. Hacen falta más estudios de caso para determinarlo con certeza, pero con 459 huertas con derecho a riego en 1883, la ciudad de Aguascalientes parece un caso singular, uno de los mejores ejemplos que hay en México de horticultura urbana. Para terminar, se propone una reflexión sobre la liquidación del sistema de huertas en el contexto de la industrialización de la ciudad, su acelerada expansión, la emergencia de nuevos hábitos de higiene y la explosión demográfica.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Bengtson, Stefan, Birger Rasmussen, and Bryan Krapež. "The Paleoproterozoic megascopic Stirling biota." Paleobiology 33, no. 3 (2007): 351–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300026348.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe 2.0–1.8-billion-year-old Stirling Range Formation in southwestern Australia preserves the deposits of a siliciclastic shoreline formed under the influence of storms, longshore currents, and tidal currents. Sandstones contain a megascopic fossil biota represented by discoidal fossils similar to the Ediacaran Aspidella Billings, 1872, as well as ridge pairs preserved in positive hyporelief on the soles of channel-fill sandstones bounded by mud drapes. The ridges run parallel or nearly parallel for most of their length, meeting in a closed loop at one end and opening with a slight divergence at the opposite end. The ridges are interpreted as casts of sediment-laden mucus strings formed by the movement of multicellular or syncytial organisms along a muddy surface. The taxa Myxomitodes stirlingensis n. igen., n. isp., are introduced for these traces. The Stirling biota was roughly coeval with other presumed multicellular eukaryotes appearing after a long period of profound environmental changes involving a rise in ambient oxygen levels, similar to that which preceded the Cambrian explosion. The failure of multicellular life to diversify during most of the Proterozoic may be due to environmental constraints related to the comparatively low level of oxidation of the world oceans.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Bengtson, Stefan, Birger Rasmussen, and Bryan Krapež. "The Paleoproterozoic megascopic Stirling biota." Paleobiology 33, no. 3 (2007): 351–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/04040.1.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe 2.0–1.8-billion-year-old Stirling Range Formation in southwestern Australia preserves the deposits of a siliciclastic shoreline formed under the influence of storms, longshore currents, and tidal currents. Sandstones contain a megascopic fossil biota represented by discoidal fossils similar to the Ediacaran Aspidella Billings, 1872, as well as ridge pairs preserved in positive hyporelief on the soles of channel-fill sandstones bounded by mud drapes. The ridges run parallel or nearly parallel for most of their length, meeting in a closed loop at one end and opening with a slight divergence at the opposite end. The ridges are interpreted as casts of sediment-laden mucus strings formed by the movement of multicellular or syncytial organisms along a muddy surface. The taxa Myxomitodes stirlingensis n. igen., n. isp., are introduced for these traces. The Stirling biota was roughly coeval with other presumed multicellular eukaryotes appearing after a long period of profound environmental changes involving a rise in ambient oxygen levels, similar to that which preceded the Cambrian explosion. The failure of multicellular life to diversify during most of the Proterozoic may be due to environmental constraints related to the comparatively low level of oxidation of the world oceans.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Mkrtychev, O. V., and A. Y. Savenkov. "Numerical simulation of the front of an air shock wave in a ground and air explosion in the software package LS-DYNA." Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 14, no. 6 (2018): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2018-14-6-467-474.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Bonanati, Christina, Heidi Wehrmann, Maxim Portnyagin, and Kaj Hoernle. "The Eyjafjallajökull AD 2010 eruption and the preservation of medium-sized eruptions in marine surface sediment offshore southern Iceland." Quaternary Research 87, no. 3 (May 2017): 386–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2017.15.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe recent volcanic eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull 2010 and Grímsvötn 2011 demonstrated the risks that mediumsized explosive Icelandic eruptions pose to the North Atlantic region. Using the Eyjafjallajökull 2010 eruption as a case study, we assess how traceable such eruptions are in the marine sedimentary record at medial distances from the source and investigate which factors have affected the particle transport to the marine sedimentary archive. During R/VPoseidoncruise 457, we recovered 13 box cores at 100–1600 m water depths and distances of 18–180 km southwest, south, and east of Iceland. Volcanic glass shards from the uppermost surface sediment were analyzed for their major element composition by electron microprobe and assigned to their eruptive source by geochemical fingerprinting. The predominantly basaltic particles are mostly derived from the Katla, Grímsvötn-Lakagígar, and Bárðarbunga-Veiðivötn volcanic systems. We also identified rhyolitic particles from the Askja 1875 and Öræfajökull 1362 eruptions. Only three out of almost 900 analyzed glass shards are derived from the recent Eyjafjallajökull 2010 eruption, suggesting that medium-sized eruptions are only poorly preserved in marine sediments located at medial distances southwest to east of Iceland. We conclude that the frequency of past medium-sized eruptions is likely higher than detectable in this archive.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Oppenheimer, Clive. "Climatic, environmental and human consequences of the largest known historic eruption: Tambora volcano (Indonesia) 1815." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 27, no. 2 (June 2003): 230–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133303pp379ra.

Full text

Abstract:

The 1815 eruption of Tambora volcano (Sumbawa island, Indonesia) expelled around 140 gt of magma (equivalent to ≈50 km3 of dense rock), making it the largest known historic eruption. More than 95% by mass of the ejecta was erupted as pyroclastic flows, but 40% by mass of the material in these flows ended up as ash fallout from the ‘phoenix’ clouds that lofted above the flows during their emplacement. Although they made only a minor contribution to the total magnitude of the eruption, the short-lived plinian explosions that preceded the climactic eruption and caldera collapse were powerful, propelling plumes up to 43 km altitude. Over 71 000 people died during, or in the aftermath of, the eruption, on Sumbawa and the neigh-bouring island of Lombok. The eruption injected ≈60 mt of sulfur into the stratosphere, six times more than was released by the 1991 Pinatubo eruption. This formed a global sulfate aerosol veil in the stratosphere, which resulted in pronounced climate perturbations. Anomalously cold weather hit the northeastern USA, maritime provinces of Canada, and Europe the following year. 1816 came to be known as the ‘Year without a summer’ in these regions. Crop failures were widespread and the eruption has been implicated in accelerated emigration from New England, and widespread outbreaks of epidemic typhus. These events provide important insights into the volcanic forcing of climate, and the global risk of future eruptions on this scale.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Torrealba, Gabriel, and Franz G. Scaramelli. "Las estaciones sarrapieras: los Mapoyo y las economías extractivas del Orinoco Medio, Venezuela." Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 13, no. 2 (August 2018): 293–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981.81222018000200003.

Full text

Abstract:

Resumen Durante el período de afianzamiento de las economías extractivas en la Amazonía (1870-1960), la región del Orinoco Medio en Venezuela experimentó la explosión comercial de la sarrapia (Dipteryx odorata), semilla aromática utilizada en la industria de la perfumería. La mercantilización de este y otros productos forestales en dicha región marcaría la entrada de numerosas comunidades indígenas a un nuevo régimen de contacto con el capitalismo global. No obstante, los detalles acerca de las dinámicas de la explotación sarrapiera y su importancia en la historia de las poblaciones locales permanecen relativamente desconocidos. En este artículo examinamos el papel de las estaciones sarrapieras en la obtención de trabajo y materias primas para la empresa extractivista. A través del uso de evidencia etnográfica e histórica, analizamos el rol de las estaciones sarrapieras en la historia cultural y la economía política del Orinoco Medio. La información derivada de entrevistas y documentos sobre el grupo indígena Mapoyo nos sirve de base para analizar temas como movilización de trabajo, relaciones de intercambio y nuevos hábitos de consumo establecidos en torno a la recolección de sarrapia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Stinson, Philip Matthew, and Steven L. Brewer. "Federal Civil Rights Litigation Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. §1983 as a Correlate of Police Crime." Criminal Justice Policy Review 30, no. 2 (August 16, 2016): 223–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403416664115.

Full text

Abstract:

The Civil Rights Act of 1871 (codified at 42 U.S.C. §1983 and commonly referred to as Section 1983) provides a civil remedy for aggrieved persons to sue state actors who under the color of law violate federally protected rights. Since the 1960s, there has been an explosion of Section 1983 litigation in the federal courts against police officers and their employing municipal and county agencies. Due to a lack of official statistics and poor methodologies, research has yet to determine how common Section 1983 actions are against the police nationwide. This study examines the relationship between police crime and being named as a party defendant in a federal court Section 1983 civil action. Using a list of 5,545 nonfederal sworn law enforcement officers who were arrested for committing one or more crimes during the years 2005 to 2011, searches were conducted in the federal courts’ Public Access to Courts Electronic Records (PACER) system to locate Section 1983 actions against those officers. The authors found that 22% of all arrested officers were named as a party defendant in a Section 1983 federal court civil action at some point during their law enforcement careers. Additional findings address various predictors of a police officer being sued in a Section 1983 action.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Murphy, Patricia. "Reevaluating Female “Inferiority”: Sarah Grand Versus Charles Darwin." Victorian Literature and Culture 26, no. 2 (1998): 221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150300002394.

Full text

Abstract:

The figure of darwin hovered like a specter over the fin de siècle, not only the Darwin of the explosive 1859 On the Origin of Species that redirected evolutionary thinking but also the author of the 1871 Descent of Man — a less heralded work, though generating equally significant repercussions with its pronouncements on the intellectual capacities of the sexes. By linking a perceived mental inferiority of women to the mechanism of evolution, Darwin seemingly brought scientific proof to support a cultural truism. In so doing, he reinforced Victorian strictures that maintained women in a subservient state, which now could be justified on the basis of biological determinism. Yet Sarah Grand's popular 1897 novel, The Beth Book, contests the Darwinian verities, questioning the scientists' specious conclusions about sex-linked traits and identifying culture as an equally significant force determining the mental dispositions of the sexes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Patt-Siebel, Ute, Helmut Thullen, Ulrich Müller, and Kurt Dehnicke. "Dichlorcyclopropenon als stabiler Komplexligand. Die Kristallstruktur von [NbOCl3·OC3Cl2]4 / Dichlorocyclopropenone as Stable Complex Ligand. The Crystal Structure of [NbOCl3·OC3Cl2]4." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 43, no. 7 (July 1, 1988): 795–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1988-0702.

Full text

Abstract:

The reaction of tetrachlorocyclopropene with NbOCl3 yields NbCl5·OC3Cl2 (1); 1 is also formed by partial hydrolysis of C3Cl3+NbCl6- (2), which is prepared from C3Cl4 and NbCl5. [NbOCl3·OC3Cl2]4 (3) was obtained by hydrolysis of 1 in form of pale-yellow, moisture sensitive, non-explosive crystals, and characterized by its IR spectrum and an X-ray crystal structure determination (1871 independent observed reflexions, R = 0.048). Crystal data: space group P1̄. Z = 2. a = 993.7(4), b = 1090.5(5). c = 1097.4(3) pm, α = 69.51(3), β = 70.47(3), γ = 66.51(4)° (at -17 °C). 3 consists of centrosymmetrical tetramers; the four Nb atoms form a square and are linked via almost linear oxo groups with alternating short and long NbO bonds with mean bond lengths of 175 and 208 pm. In trans position of each of the short NbO bonds a dichlorocyclopropenone molecule is attached via its oxygen atom with an NbO distance of 223 pm.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

TINDLEY, ANNIE, and ANDREW WODEHOUSE. "The Role of Social Networks in Agricultural Innovation: The Sutherland Reclamations and the Fowler Steam Plough, c.1855-c.1885." Rural History 25, no. 2 (September 4, 2014): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793314000065.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract:The nineteenth century saw an explosion in creativity and innovation, often applied to and motivated by an urge to improve, refine and make more efficient industrial and agricultural processes. There were many innovations in the field of agriculture, supported by the sponsorship of societies and associations and, in the 1850s and 1860s, by strong investment under High Farming. This article examines one of these innovations, the steam plough, with reference to its application in the Scottish Highlands in the 1870s and 1880s. In particular, it illuminates the social networks which lay behind the development and utilisation of the steam plough in the rural Highland context, delineating how aristocratic, religious and local networks combined to have a major impact on rural society in Scotland and beyond. It will examine how these networks interacted to promote the contemporary culture for agricultural and rural innovation through the development of the Fowler's steam plough. What makes this example of particular interest is the fact that agriculturally and financially, the Sutherland land reclamations were an unconditional failure. The environment was too challenging for the technology and despite vast financial resources, the landowner, the third Duke of Sutherland, was, after fifteen years, finally convinced by his advisors that further efforts were futile and irresponsible. This article will interrogate why, despite its essential unfeasibility, the project was pursued, and will argue that the momentum created by the dynamic between the three networks involved propelled it forward despite growing evidence of failure. This article therefore uses an inductive approach by examining a particular example of agricultural design innovation and analysing the pertinent social issues in what would have been termed by contemporaries ‘entrepreneurial spirit’.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

MUSAYEV, V. K. "Numerical simulation of transient stress waves in elastic half plane with a rectangular cavity while centering the vertical explosive impact." Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings, no. 6 (2017): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2017-6-49-54.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Golikov, Alexander V., and Dmitry I. Subbotin. "Damage analysis and assessment of the impact of damage on the operation of supporting structures of oil refining tube furnaces." Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 16, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2020-16-3-193-202.

Full text

Abstract:

Relevance. Due to the widespread use in practice, tubular furnaces were chosen as the object of study of this work. The article provides an analysis of damage to the supporting structures of oil refining tubular furnaces. The causes of damage and the physical nature of the development of damage are established. According to the results of field surveys, it was found that about 10% of the furnaces are operated with damage in the form of significant curvature of the supporting structures that developed as a result of the explosion of the gas-air mixture and the technological product inside the furnace space. The aim of the work is to analyze the damage and assess the impact of damage on the operation of the supporting structures of furnaces. Methods. The main research results were obtained by static numerical analysis of spatial models of furnace frameworks in the LIRA-SAPR software package. This complex belongs to the class of software products that implement the finite element method. Results. According to the results of calculating a series of models of structures, the effect of damage on the operation of the supporting structures of the furnace is determined. Based on the analysis of calculation data for models of tube furnaces with damage and comparison of calculation results for furnace models with structural damage identified during the survey, ways to optimize the design decisions of an industrial furnace are determined. Studies have shown the need to improve the design of tube furnaces in the direction of improving technology and improving the structural form of the supporting frame of the furnace.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Smith, Nathan, Jennifer E. Andrews, Armin Rest, Federica B. Bianco, Jose L. Prieto, Tom Matheson, David J. James, R. Chris Smith, Giovanni Maria Strampelli, and A. Zenteno. "Light echoes from the plateau in Eta Carinae’s Great Eruption reveal a two-stage shock-powered event." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 480, no. 2 (August 3, 2018): 1466–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty1500.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT We present multi-epoch photometry and spectroscopy of a light echo from η Carinae’s 19th century Great Eruption. This echo's light curve shows a steady decline over a decade, sampling the 1850s plateau of the eruption. Spectra show the bulk outflow speed increasing from ∼150 km s−1 at early times, up to ∼600 km s−1 in the plateau. Later phases also develop remarkably broad emission wings indicating mass accelerated to more than 10 000 km s−1. Together with other clues, this provides direct evidence for an explosive ejection. This is accompanied by a transition from a narrow absorption line spectrum to emission lines, often with broad or asymmetric P Cygni profiles. These changes imply that the pre-1845 luminosity spikes are distinct from the 1850s plateau. The key reason for this change may be that shock interaction with circumstellar material (CSM) dominates the plateau. The spectral evolution of η Car closely resembles that of the decade-long eruption of UGC 2773-OT, which had clear signatures of shock interaction. We propose a two-stage scenario for η Car’s eruption: (1) a slow outflow in the decades before the eruption, probably driven by binary interaction that produced a dense equatorial outflow, followed by (2) explosive energy injection that drove CSM interaction, powering the plateau and sweeping slower CSM into a fast shell that became the Homunculus. We discuss how this sequence could arise from a stellar merger in a triple system, leaving behind the eccentric binary seen today. This gives a self-consistent scenario that may explain interacting transients across a wide range of initial mass.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Explosion, 1875'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles