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Journal articles on the topic 'Explosion, 1986'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Xun-Ren, Yang, and Xie Jin-Lai. "Detection and Analysis of the Infrasonic Waves Attached to the Tragic Explosion of U.S. Space Shuttle “Challenger”." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 5, no. 3 (1986): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026309238600500302.

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Thirteen hours after the tragic explosion of the U.S. space shuttle “Challenger” at an altitude of 15km on 29th January 1986, a sequence of strong infrasonic waves was received by a set of sensitive microbarographs on the ground level about 14300km distant. These waves, with periods 400–700 seconds, amplitude about 30Pa and propagation velocity about 300m/s are very similar in character to those from nuclear explosions. Based on the analysis of the power spectrum, the main period of the signal can be determined as 537 sec and over 90 per cent of the energy concentrates within the range of 300–

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2

Noreau, Louis, and Philipp P. Kronberg. "A Multi-Frequency Study of the Peculiar Interacting System ARP 206." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 124 (1990): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100004917.

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Arp 206 is a nearby (7.8 Mpc), relatively large (7′.5 x 2′.0), and bright ( = 11.07) interacting system comprising unequal members: NGC 3432 and UGC 5983. A third anonymous galaxy, “Arp 206c”, is visible in the field, (see Figure la) Vorontsov-Velyaminov (1959) included the NGC 3432-UGC 5983 pair in his Atlas and Catalogue of Interacting Galaxies (VV-11). On the other hand Arp (1966) interpreted the system as a galaxy with material ejected from the nucleus (Arp 206).Bertola (1966, 1968, and priv. comm.) obtained long-slit spectra of the largest galaxy of the pair, NGC 3432. This showed strong

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3

Wilson, James R. "SN 1987a: Calculations Versus Observations." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 108 (1988): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100094094.

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In this report the result of old calculations (Mayle 1985; Woosley, Wilson, Mayle 1986; Mayle, Wilson, Schramm 1987) of collapse driven explosions and new calculations of the kelvin-Helmholtz proto-neutron star cooling will be compared with the neutrino observations of supernova 1987a. The calculations are performed by a modern version of the computer model of Bowers and Wilson 1982. (See Mayle 1985 for more recent improvements).First we give the results of the old calculations. In the collapse, bounce and cooling of the central iron core of a massive star, about 0.1% of the binding energy of

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4

Hénaff, Didier Le, and Michel Crête. "Introduction of muskoxen in northern Quebec: the demographic explosion of a colonizing herbivore." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 5 (1989): 1102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-156.

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Between 1973 and 1978, 42 muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus), mostly immature, were released northwest of Kuujjuaq, along the south shore of Ungava Bay. Helicopter censuses, complemented by ground observations, were conducted over 725 km2 in 1983 and 1986: 148 and 290 animals were counted during the first and second surveys, respectively. The finite rate of increase of the population averaged 1.25 during the 3-year interval; that rate indicates high fecundity and low mortality, because the maximum finite rate of increase is 1.30 if all animals survive and if females first calve at 3 years of age and

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5

Ibodov, F. S., S. S. Grigorian, and S. Ibadov. "Cometary nature of the 1908 Tunguska cosmic body." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S263 (2009): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310001900.

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AbstractThe cometary nature of the 1908 Tunguska cosmic body is compatible with the predictions of an analytical theory of the 1908 Tunguska explosion developed in 1976–1979. The theory takes into account the three simultaneously occurring processes, namely aerodynamic destruction of the cosmic body in the Earth's atmosphere, transversal expansion of the crushed mass under the action of pressure gradient on the frontal surface of the body, and an aerodynamic deceleration of crushed expanding mass. The use, for the mechanical parameters of the Tunguska cosmic body, of the characteristics of a c

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6

Lozinskaya, Tatiana A. "Interstellar gas around WO stars in the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 148 (1991): 438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900201113.

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The four oxygen-sequence WR stars, Sand 1 in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), Sand 2 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), and WR 102 and WR 142 in the Galaxy represent the latest stage of the evolution of massive stars (Sanduleak 1971, Barlow and Hummer 1982, Moffatet al.1985). We have shown WR 102 to be a stripped CO core of a supermassive star (Dopitaet al.1990), probably seen only several thousand years before a SN explosion. The four stars are characterized by extremely energetic stellar winds –Vw from 4500 to 7400 km/s (Barlow and Hummer 1982, Dopitaet al.1990, Torreset al.1986). Examina

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7

McClung, Grant. "Explosion, Motivation, and Consolidation: The Historical Anatomy of the Pentecostal Missionary Movement." Missiology: An International Review 14, no. 2 (1986): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182968601400203.

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In 1986 America's oldest Pentecostal denomination will celebrate its centennial, and the events at Azusa Street in 1906 will be recalled in an eighty-year celebration. It is significant, then, that this article recalls some of the early dynamics of the beginnings of the modern Pentecostal movement. The article demonstrates how the Pentecostal movement was decidedly missionary from its birth and asserts that the history of Pentecostalism cannot be rightly appreciated and understood apart from its missionary vision. Some of the theological motivations which produced the missionary fervor of earl

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8

Knorre, Helene. "`The star called Wormwood': the cause and effect of the Chernobyl catastrophe." Public Understanding of Science 1, no. 3 (1992): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/1/3/001.

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The explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power station in 1986 astounded the world. It was shocking not just because of the technical failure—unfortunately such things happen from time to time—but as a social and political failure. The Chernobyl catastrophe undermined and exposed the false, vicious and inhumane Soviet totalitarian system. The Chernobyl explosion initiated the disintegration of the corrupt Communist regime—a regime which had been deemed unshakeable in the USSR.

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9

Ichihara, Kanji. "Explosion problems for symmetric diffusion processes." Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 298, no. 2 (1986): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9947-1986-0860378-9.

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10

Roubaud, Luísa. "After Looking North and West: Portuguese Contemporary Dance and the European Crises." Congress on Research in Dance Conference Proceedings 2016 (2016): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cor.2016.43.

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In the four decades that followed the April 1974 revolution, which ended the Estado Novo's dictatorship (1926–1974) and the Portuguese colonial empire, contemporary theater dance has witnessed an explosion in Portugal. After 1974, the African decolonization, the subsequent flow of immigrants, European Union accession (1986), and the opening to the contemporary Western world have substantially altered Portugal's political and demographic landscapes, social practices, and expressive cultures. Considering the current European crises, this article discusses how Portuguese contemporary dance is rec

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11

Shafer, Byron. "Dealignment affirmed or explosion deferred? The american mid-term elections of 1986." Electoral Studies 6, no. 1 (1987): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-3794(87)90051-5.

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12

Carniel, Roberto, Ramon Ortiz, and Mauro Di Cecca. "Spectral and dynamical hints on the time scale of preparation of the 5 April 2003 explosion at Stromboli volcano." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 43, no. 1 (2006): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e05-093.

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Stromboli volcano is well known for its continuous strombolian activity. Moreover, the volcano occasionally shows effusive phases, the latest in 19851986. On 28 December 2002 Stromboli entered a new effusive phase, accompanied by different paroxysmal events that led to considerable hazards for inhabitants and tourists on the island of Stromboli. On 30 December 2002 a major sector collapse affected the Sciara del Fuoco slope and initiated a tsunami. On 5 April 2003 a powerful explosion, which can be compared in size with the most recent explosion in 1930, covered a large part of the normally t

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13

Ermilov, A. P. "Fuel particles in consequences of the accident at the ChNPP." Nuclear Power and the Environment 20 (2021): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31717/2311-8253.21.1.1.

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As a result of the nuclear explosion at the fourth block of the Chornobyl NPP (ChNPP), the radioactive cloud containing an aerodispersed system with aerosols formed at the explosion appeared in air above the ChNPP territory. The accident occurred at the end of the reactor company before the assumed reloading of the active zone. Thus, the cloud composition included the products of fission and activation of uranium that were accumulated in the reactor fuel during the company. On that night, the east wind carried the radioactive cloud to the west, by leaving the aerosol fallouts on Earth’s surfac

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14

Fuyuan, Li, Ren Jie, Zhong Jianlin, and Liu Xinxin. "Numerical Simulation Optimization of Mach Reflection of Near Ground Air Explosion." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1986, no. 1 (2021): 012123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1986/1/012123.

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15

Stefani, Robert, and Abbott Gorin. "More on the Financial Explosion; Joan Peters and the U.S. Jewish Community." Monthly Review 38, no. 2 (1986): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-038-02-1986-06_5.

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16

Bolle, Willi. "Etnopoesia. Observações sobre a obra de Hubert Fichte." Pandaemonium Germanicum, no. 3 (November 5, 1999): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1982-8837.pg.1999.63834.

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Der Begriff der "Ethnopoesie" wird hier nicht ausschließlich als Merkmal des Werkes von Hubert Fichte (1935-1986) verstanden, sondern als eine unter verschiedenen Ausdrucksformen der "neuen Ethnologie", die im Zusammenhang mit der Krise der Ethnologie im 20. Jahrhundert entstand. Im ersten Teil dieses Beitrags geht es darum, von Fichte aufgeworfene Fragen wie die "Verwörterung der Welt", das Verhältnis von Feldforschung und Interpretation, die "teilnehmende Beobachtung" und die Begegnung von hegemonialen und peripheren Kulturen im Vergleich mit den ethnographischen Arbeiten von Lévi-Strauss, M

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17

Pizam, Abraham, and Ginger Smith. "Tourism and Terrorism: A Quantitative Analysis of Major Terrorist Acts and Their Impact on Tourism Destinations." Tourism Economics 6, no. 2 (2000): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000000101297523.

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Since before the end of the Cold War, terrorism acts have had major effects on tourism destinations. As a result, the ‘shadowy, mobile, and unpredictable’ forces of terrorism are becoming an unfortunate part of the travel and tourism landscape. Few can forget the explosion that killed three in Paris in 1986, the home-made pipe bomb in Tel Aviv in 1990, the November 1997 massacre of 58 tourists at Luxor's Temple of Hatshepsut in Egypt, and the Kenyan and Tanzanian US Embassy truck bombings killing 263 in August 1998. This paper provides a quantitative analysis of major terrorism events around t

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18

Bartel, N., and M. F. Bietenholz. "VLBI Observations of SN 1979C and SN 1986J." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 192 (2005): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100009052.

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SummaryWe summarize our results on multi-epoch VLBI observations of SN 1979C in the galaxy M100 in Virgo, and of SN 1986 in the galaxy NGC 891. From t = 3.7 to 22 yr after the explosion, SN 1979C expands ∝ tm, almost freely, with m = 0.95 ± 0.03. For a total kinetic energy of 3 × 1051 erg, the expansion result requires a mass-loss to wind-velocity ratio for the progenitor of only 1 × 10−5 M⊙ yr−1per 10 km s−1, an order of magnitude smaller than estimated from radio light-curve fitting. We show a first image with slightly discernible structure of the supernova. For SN 1986J we present five imag

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19

Matsuki, Yoshio, and Petro I. Bidyuk. "Curvature coordinates to describe the explosion of Chernobyl’s reactor core in April 1986, using the tensor equations." System research and information technologies, no. 2 (June 26, 2017): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/srit.2308-8893.2017.2.06.

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20

Kollen, Christine. "Online Guide to U.S. Map Resources: Take the Survey—Get on the Map!" DttP: Documents to the People 45, no. 2 (2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/dttp.v45i2.6385.

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The Guide to U.S. Map Resources, produced by the American Library Association’s Map and Geography Round Table (MAGERT) in 1986, 1990, and 2006, provides detailed directory information for map collections and cartographic resources in libraries and similar institutions throughout the United States. A decade has passed since the third edition was published, and there have been many changes in how libraries collect, preserve, provide access to, and administer maps and other cartographic resources. There is also yet another, newer, type of cartographic information to consider: geospatial data. In

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21

Kodaira, K., D. F. Gray, J. P. Cassinelli, et al. "36. Theory of Stellar Atmospheres (Theorie Des Atmospheres Stellaires)." Transactions of the International Astronomical Union 20, no. 01 (1988): 493–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0251107x00007343.

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Commission 36 acted or acts as a sponsor or a cosponsor of the following Symposia and Colloquia.(l)Symposium No. 122: “Circumstellar Matter”, Heidelberg, FRG (June 1986), (2)Symposium No. 132: “The Impact of Very High S/N Spectroscopy on Stellar Physics”, Paris, France (June 1987), (3)Colloquium No. 95: “Second Conference on Faint Blue Stars”, Tucson, AZ, USA (May 1987), (4)Colloquium No. 102: “UV and X-ray Spectroscopy of Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas”, Beaulieu-sur-Mer, France (September 1987), (5) Colloquium No. 106: “Evolution of Peculiar Red Giant Stars”, Bloomington, IN, USA (July

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22

Havenaar, J. M., N. W. Poelijoe, A. P. Kasyanenko, J. Van Den Bout, M. W. J. Koeter, and V. V. Filipenko. "Screening for psychiatric disorders in an area affected by the Chernobyl disaster: the reliability and validity of three psychiatric screening questionnaires in Belarus." Psychological Medicine 26, no. 4 (1996): 837–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700037867.

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SynopsisThe reliability and criterion validity of Russian versions of three psychiatric screening questionnaires (the General Health Questionnaire, 12-item version; the Goldberg scales for anxiety and depression; and, the Bradford Somatic Inventory) were assessed in the Gomel region (Belarus), one of the most severely contaminated areas that resulted from the nuclear power plant explosion at Chernobyl in 1986. All instruments were found to have good internal reliability indices. Retest reliability of the GHQ, not tested for in the other instruments, was modest. Criterion validity, using a semi

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23

Sergeev, Vladimir N. "Paleobiology of the Neoproterozoic (Upper Riphean) Shorikha and Burovaya silicified microbiotas, Turukhansk Uplift, Siberia." Journal of Paleontology 75, no. 2 (2001): 427–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000018229.

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Diverse assemblages of silicified microfossils have been detected in lenses of black chert within peritidal carbonates of the Neoproterozoic (Upper Riphean) Shorikha and Burovaya formations, Turukhansk Uplift, northeastern Siberia. These microbiotas are represented by 19 species of simple filamentous and coccoidal microfossils, multicellular trichomes, and thick-enveloped sphaeromorphic and acanthomorphic acritarchs. Microfossils include both prokaryotic (possibly cyanobacterial) and eukaryotic (mainly phytoplanktonic) microorganisms. The eukaryotes in these formations are relatively diverse—t

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24

Zhang, En-ming, Yi-ming Zhao, Zhong-mou Wang, and Wen-ya Li. "Effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of structural steel-mild steel composite plates fabricated by explosion welding." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials 27, no. 8 (2020): 1115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-020-1986-3.

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25

Chuchvaha, Hanna. "Memory, Trauma, and the Maternal: Post-Apocalyptic View of the Chernobyl/Chornobyl/Charnobyl Nuclear Disaster." East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 7, no. 2 (2020): 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21226/ewjus608.

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Chornobyl/Chernobyl/Charnobyl has a symbolic meaning for several generations of east Europeans. It is a city that experienced a disastrous nuclear explosion in 1986 that bequeathed a post-apocalyptic landscape and an eloquent demonstration of the Anthropocene. The epistemological crisis for humanity provoked by the Chornobyl nuclear disaster led to the emergence of post-Chornobyl art, an art of acceptance and denial, an art of physical and emotional trauma, an art that symbolized humanity’s responsibility for the future. This paper focuses on art works produced in the first two decades a

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26

Noguchi, Masafumi, and Shiro Ishibashi. "Numerical Simulations of Star Formation Bursts Induced by the Galaxy-Galaxy Interaction." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 115 (1987): 650–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900096741.

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The galaxy-galaxy interaction has been proposed as a possible triggering mechanism of the star formation bursts in some galaxies (e.g. Larson and Tinsley 1978). To investigate the nature of star formation bursts triggered by interaction we have numerically simulated close encounters between disk galaxies, taking the star formation process into account (see Noguchi and Ishibashi 1986 for details). We used the cloud-particle model, in which gas clouds move as test particles in the gravitational field of the galaxies. When two clouds collide with each other, an OB-star is formed. The cloud system

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27

Blamart, D., W. Ru¨hm, W. Spiegel, et al. "Oxygen stable isotope measurements on a gravestone exposed to the Hiroshima A-bomb explosion and the “Dosimetry System 1986”." Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience section 101, no. 1-2 (1992): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(92)90206-k.

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28

Beard, William. "Cronenberg, Flyness, and the Other-self." Article divers 4, no. 2 (2011): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1001028ar.

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David Cronenberg's recent work has shown a continuation of the same themes and motifs found in his exploratory and formative works of the 70s and early 80s. The relationship of mind and body, of rationality and flesh, of control and loss of identity, continues to be the dominating dichotomy of his cinematic world. But the relatively simple thematic oppositions of repression and explosion, and their relatively unexamined emotional underpinnings of ironic detachment and regurgitative disgust, of an early film like Shivers (1975) have given way in the 1980s to a much more complex and sensitive ex

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29

Adams, Richard E., Lin T. Guey, Semyon F. Gluzman, and Evelyn J. Bromet. "Psychological well-being and risk perceptions of mothers in Kyiv, Ukraine, 19 years after the Chornobyl disaster." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 57, no. 6 (2011): 637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764011415204.

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Background: The Chornobyl nuclear power plant explosion in April 1986 was one of the worst ecological disasters of the 20th century. As with most disasters, its long-term mental health consequences have not been examined. Aims: This study describes the psychological well-being and risk perceptions of exposed women 19–20 years later and the risk factors associated with mental health. Methods: We assessed Chornobyl-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive episode (MDE) and overall distress among three groups of women in Kyiv, Ukraine ( N = 797): mothers of small children e

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30

Nomoto, Ken’ichi, and Sachiko Tsuruta. "Thermal Radiation from a Neutron Star in SN 1987A." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 108 (1988): 448–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100094367.

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The supernova 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud has provided a new opportunity to study the evolution of a young neutron star right after its birth. A proto-neutron star first cools down by emitting neutrinos that diffuse out of the interior within a minutes. After the neutron star becomes transparent to neutrinos, the neutron star core with > 1014 g cm−3 cools predominantly by Urca neutrino emission. However, the surface layers remain hot because it takes at least 100 years before the cooling waves from the central core reach the surface layers (Nomoto and Tsuruta 1981, 1986, 1987).From

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31

Ringdal, Frode. "Study of low-magnitude seismic events near the Novaya Zemlya nuclear test site." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 87, no. 6 (1997): 1563–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0870061563.

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Abstract A study of available seismic data shows that all but one of the 42 known underground nuclear explosions at Novaya Zemlya have been detected and located by stations in the global seismic network. During the past 30 years, only one seismic event in this area has been unambiguously classified as an earthquake (1 August 1986, mb = 4.3). Several other small events, most of which are thought to be either chemical explosions or aftereffects of nuclear explosions, have also been detected. Since 1990, a network of sensitive regional arrays has been installed in northern Europe in preparation f

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32

de la Cruz-Reyna, S., M. A. Armienta, V. Zamora, and F. Juárez. "Chemical changes in spring waters at Tacaná volcano, Chiapas, Mexico: A possible precursor of the May 1986 seismic crisis and phreatic explosion." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 38, no. 3-4 (1989): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(89)90047-4.

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Uccellini, Louis W., Ralph A. Petersen, Daniel Keyser, et al. "A Report on the Upper-Level Wind Conditions Preceding and During the Shuttle Challenger (STS 51L) Explosion." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 67, no. 10 (1986): 1248–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1986)067<1248:arotul>2.0.co;2.

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34

Briechle, S., A. Sizov, O. Tretyak, V. Antropov, N. Molitor, and P. Krzystek. "UAV-BASED DETECTION OF UNKNOWN RADIOACTIVE BIOMASS DEPOSITS IN CHERNOBYL’S EXCLUSION ZONE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2 (May 30, 2018): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-163-2018.

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Shortly after the explosion of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (ChNPP) in 1986, radioactive fall-out and contaminated trees (socalled Red Forest) were buried in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (ChEZ). These days, exact locations of the buried contaminated material are needed. Moreover, 3D vegetation maps are necessary to simulate the impact of tornados and forest fire. After 30 years, some of the so-called trenches and clamps are visible. However, some of them are overgrown and have slightly settled in the centimeter and decimeter range. This paper presents a pipeline that comprises 3D vegetati

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35

Varian, Hal R. "Symposium on Takeovers." Journal of Economic Perspectives 2, no. 1 (1988): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.2.1.3.

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Of the hundred largest mergers and acquisitions on record up to 1984, 65 occurred between 1981 and 1983, and only 11 occurred prior to 1979. During the 1981-84 period, there were at least 45 transactions of over a billion dollars apiece; prior to this period there were only a dozen or so transactions of such magnitude. What is the meaning of this “merger mania?” Why did it occur so suddenly? Is the wave of takeovers merely a speculative bubble, or is it motivated by fundamental economic conditions? What can we expect in the future? What policy responses, if any, are appropriate in light of thi

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36

Tamburelli, Gianfranco, and Tetiana Olexandrivna Kovalenko. "Chernobyl − Experience and Perspectives of International Cooperation and Environmental Protection." Hungarian Journal of Legal Studies 60, no. 2 (2019): 185–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2052.2019.00012.

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AbstractThe article analyses various stages of the subsequent development of the international cooperation and of Ukrainian legislation aimed at facing the consequences of the explosion at Chernobyl nuclear power plant, on April 26, 1986. It is aimed to assess the impact of Chernobyl accident on law and policies in the field of environmental protection. The reaction to the Chernobyl accident gave in fact a boost to the evolution of international treaty law in various sectors (nuclear safety, emergency preparedness and response, environmental law) and, according to the Authors, contributed to t

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37

Nuttli, Otto W. "Lg magnitudes and yield estimates for underground Novaya Zemlya nuclear explosions." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 78, no. 2 (1988): 873–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0780020873.

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Abstract Lg-wave amplitudes of 30 Novaya Zemlya underground nuclear explosions, as recorded by short-period seismographs in Denmark, Finland, Germany, Norway, Spitsbergen, and Sweden, are used to determine mb(Lg) values. Assuming that the mb(Lg) versus explosion yield relation derived from Nevada Test Site data applies to all continental areas, the yields of the explosions are estimated. They cover a large range of values, from 2.5 to 4900 kt. The largest explosion since April 1976 had an estimated yield of 145 kt. The mb(Lg) values, when subtracted from the mb(P) values, can be used to estima

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38

Li, Y. C., X. J. Kong, C. W. Wei, and Y. Z. Ge. "Neutron Stars Formed from Supernova Explosion and Quark Matter." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 125 (1987): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900161091.

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We study the possibility of the existence of quark matter during the early stage of hot neutron stars. According to Walecka (1978) and Shuryak (1980), we calculate the EOS of neutron matter and quark matter at different temperatures, T, in which we take the coupling constant αs to be 0.5 (Rafelski, 1982) and the bag constant B 1/4 to be 145, 170 and 190 Mev (Chin, 1978) due to a slight influence of αs and a great influence of B on our results. Supposing that neutron matter-quark matter phase transition is the first order phase transition (Baym and Chin, 1976), we obtain the phase transition pr

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39

Tchindjang, Mesmin. "Lake Nyos, a Multirisk and Vulnerability Appraisal." Geosciences 8, no. 9 (2018): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8090312.

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Situated at the northern flank of the Oku Massif, Lake Nyos crater epitomizes landscape features originating from volcanic explosions during the Quaternary. The Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL), to which it belongs, constitutes the most active volcanic region in Cameroon. In 1986, an outgas explosion occurred from beneath the lake and killed 1746 people in several neighbouring villages. The event influenced a radial area of 25 to 40 km wide, particularly in eastern and western direction. This was mainly due to: (1) the rugged nature of the landscape (fault fields), which enabled the heavier gas to

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McCormack, Grace P., Judith R. Glynn, Amelia C. Crampin, et al. "Early Evolution of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C Epidemic in Rural Malawi." Journal of Virology 76, no. 24 (2002): 12890–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.24.12890-12899.2002.

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ABSTRACT We have tracked the early years of the evolution of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic in a rural district of central east Africa from the first documented introductions of subtypes A, D, and C to the present predominance of subtype C. The earliest subtype C sequences ever reported are described. Blood samples were collected on filter papers from 1981 to 1984 and from 1987 to 1989 from more than 44,000 individuals living in two areas of Karonga District, Malawi. These samples included HIV-1-positive samples from 200 people. In 1982 to 1984, HIV-1 subtypes A, C, a

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Orio, Marina, and Giora Shaviv. "Novae as Local Thermonuclear Runaways." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 122 (1990): 400–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100068937.

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Accretion occurs from a disc or possibly from polar caps in the case of magnetic novae: it is doubtful whether a spherically symmetric and homogeneous envelope configuration is eventually reached. A number of works (see in particular Kippenhahn & Thomas, 1978, King & Shaviv, 1978, Livio & Truran, 1988) adressed to this problem. Even if the matter can be almost homogeneously distributed - at least for high accretion rates - it is very likely that the chemical composition would not be uniform because of the shear mixing in the equatorial belt. Moreover, there can be temperature gradi

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Pylyser, E. H. P. "Constraints to Possible Progenitor Systems of PSR 1831-00." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 125 (1987): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900161042.

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Numerical computations were carried out to simulate the evolution of the recently discovered radio pulsar binary PSR 1831-00 with a very low mass function (Porb = 1.81 days, Dewey et al. 1986). These show that the minimum value of the initial mass of the progenitor of the mass-losing secondary is about 1 M⊙. All computed systems with a final period equal to the observed one, and an initial progenitor mass of 1 M⊙ have an age of the order of the Hubble time (∼ 1.3 × 1010years). For a 1.5 M⊙ progenitor of the mass-losing secondary we find that the final (= presently observed) orbital period sets

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Benz, W., A. G. W. Cameron, and R. L. Bowers. "Dynamic Mass Exchange in Doubly Degenerate Binaries. II. The Importance of Nuclear Energy Release." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 114 (1989): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100100168.

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The hypothesis that Type I supernova explosions originate in binary stars, in which the secondary overflows its Roche lobe and causes a white dwarf primary to pass a critical threshold for dynamical collapse, has gained in popularity over the last decade and a half (Truran and Cameron 1971; Whelan and Iben 1973; Wheeler 1982). During this period attention has also focussed on double-degenerate binary precursors of such systems, in which gravitational radiation of orbital angular momentum causes two white dwarf stars to spiral slowly together until the less massive of the stars begins to overfl

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Nuttli, Otto W. "Lg magnitudes of selected East Kazakhstan underground explosions." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 76, no. 5 (1986): 1241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0760051241.

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Abstract The amplitude of 1-sec period Lg waves, as recorded on seismograms of WWSSN stations in southern Asia and Scandinavia, are used to determine mb(Lg) values for 62 underground nuclear explosions in the eastern portion of the East Kazakhstan Test Site. The explosions were selected to be of mb(P) = 5.5 or greater in the period 1965 to 1985. The yields of the explosions are estimated, assuming that a Nevada Test Site-derived relation between mb(Lg) and yield for water-saturated rock is also applicable to the East Kazakhstan Test Site. Assuming that lateral variations in crustal structure a

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Stump, Brian W. "Constraints on explosive sources with spall from near-source waveforms." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 75, no. 2 (1985): 361–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0750020361.

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Abstract Spall, the tensile failure of a material due to high stress loading, has been observed in a number of contained and surface explosions. The phenomenon results in a repartition of the initial spherical explosion energy source, yielding a second energy source which is cylindrical and delayed in time. Recent spall models by Day et al. (1983) demanding conservation of momentum have shown the phenomenon to have little contribution to 20-sec surface waves. These models are extended to include the effect of the process on near-source seismograms. The spall model is constrained by observation

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Anderson, Dale N., Steven R. Taylor, and Kevin K. Anderson. "Discrimination information in phase amplitude thresholds with application to western China regional data." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 89, no. 3 (1999): 648–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0890030648.

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Abstract This article develops a regional seismic discrimination method using information inherent in phase amplitudes that are unmeasurable due to small signal amplitudes and high noise levels. The method, quadratic negative evidence discrimination (QNED), is an enhancement to the teleseismic techniques proposed by Elvers (1974) and is extended to regional discrimination. The method presented in this article is developed for a single seismic station and makes use of the empirical evidence in the regional Pg versus Lg discriminant (see Pomeroy et al., 1983). We develop the equations necessary

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Velusamy, T. "Guest Stars: Historical Supernovae and Remnants." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 91 (1987): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100106153.

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Supernova explosions occur in massive stars in their final stages of stellar evolution. The explosion leaves behind a collapsed object, usually a neutron star observable as a pulsar, and an expanding outer envelope of the star observable as a supernova remnant (SNR). Because of the large amount of energy in the range of 1050 −1052 ergs released in the explosion, the energy radiated by the exploded star is equivalent to that of millions of normal stars. Thus a "new star" seems to appear and is easily visible to the naked eye for several months. Astronomers have estimated that in our galaxy such

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Stoloff, N. S., and D. E. Alman. "Innovative Processing Techniques for Intermetallic Matrix Composites." MRS Bulletin 15, no. 12 (1990): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400058176.

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Although intermetallics based on aluminum or silicon tend to have a very attractive combination of low density and excellent oxidation resistance, they suffer from lack of adequate creep strength and, in most cases, from inadequate ductility and toughness. It has been recognized for several years that an approach which could simultaneously solve both problems, without degrading other properties, is to utilize the intermetallics as matrices for composite materials. The consequence has been an explosion of interest in two-phase intermetallic-based alloys.With the exception of some early work by

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Baccarin, José Giacomo. "RETOMANDO O DEBATE SOBRE O TRABALHO VOLANTE NA AGRICULTURA PAULISTA DOS ANOS 1980." Cadernos CERU 26, no. 2 (2016): 56–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2595-2536.v26i2p56-73.

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No início dos anos 1980 a sociedade se deu conta da existência de milhares de trabalhadores rurais volantes ou boias-frias, empregados em condições precárias nos canaviais do Estado de São Paulo, o mais rico do Brasil. Chamaram a atenção as amplas greves e revoltas ocorridas em 1984, aparentemente sem organização prévia e lideranças definidas, assumindo caráter de explosão social. Estudos e atividades acadêmicas vinham tratando do tema trabalho temporário na agricultura brasileira desde os anos 1960, mais fortemente entre 1973 e 1983. Atualmente, esse tema recebe pouco destaque entre pesquisad

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Ford, Sean R., and Oleg Y. Vorobiev. "Characterization of Spall in Hard Rock from Observations and Simulations of the Source Physics Experiment Phase I." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 110, no. 2 (2020): 596–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120190214.

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ABSTRACT Spall signals from the Source Physics Experiments are presented, analyzed, and modeled for insight to the explosion source. The observed signal is similar in nature to nearby historical nuclear explosions, and the surface force-time history or velocity can be interpreted with the same model. We use the models for peak spall velocity, spalled mass, and spall depth and radius derived from historical nuclear explosions to parameterize the physical force-time history model from Stump (1985) and show that this parameterized model can be used for spall prediction. The spall signal is also i

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