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Journal articles on the topic 'Explosive forming'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Markovic, Milos, Momcilo Milinovic, Olivera Jeremic, and Slobodan Jaramaz. "Simulation of changes in temperature and pressure fields during high speed projectiles forming by explosion." Thermal Science 20, no. 5 (2016): 1741–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci151217073m.

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The Research in this paper considered the temperatures fields as the consequently influenced effects appeared by plastic deformation, in the explosively forming process aimed to design Explosively Formed Projectiles (henceforth EFP). As the special payloads of the missiles, used projectiles are packaged as the metal liners, joined with explosive charges, to design explosive propulsion effect. Their final form and velocity during shaping depend on distributed temperatures in explosively driven plastic deformation process. Developed simulation model consider forming process without metal cover of explosive charge, in aim to discover liner?s dynamical correlations of effective plastic strains and temperatures in the unconstrained detonation environment made by payload construction. The temperature fields of the liner?s copper material are considered in time, as the consequence of strain/stress displacements driven by explosion environmental thermodynamically fields of pressures and temperatures. Achieved final velocities and mass loses as the expected EFP performances are estimated regarding their dynamical shaping and thermal gradients behavior vs. effective plastic strains. Performances and parameters are presented vs. process time, numerically simulated by the Autodyne software package.

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2

Šunjić, Darko, and Stipo Buljan. "Explosive Forming: Analytical Methods for Determining the Mass of Explosives." Advanced Technologies & Materials 48, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/atm-2023-1-002.

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Explosive forming is one of the non-conventional impulse technologies of metal forming technologies and it is a relatively young technology that has not been fully explored. The origin, development and application of explosive forming technology is given in this paper, and the advantages and disadvantages are also described. Given the specificity of this technology, this paper presents the calculation of the mass of the explosive as the most important factor in this process and the calculation of the pressure of the shock wave. In fact, with conventional deep drawing technologies, it is possible to design the technology and follow the same steps to reach products of different dimensions. In explosive forming, this is a problem, and it is not possible to follow these rules. Experiments of explosive forming can only be performed by employees trained to work with explosives, following prescribed procedures.

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3

Hadavi, V., J. Zamani Ashani, and A. Mozaffari. "Theoretical calculation of the maximum radial deformation of a cylindrical shell under explosive forming by a new energy approach." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 226, no. 3 (August 15, 2011): 576–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406211416190.

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Due to different influential parameters that affect an explosive forming process, this classic method of metal forming can potentially be considered as one the most complicated practical approaches to forming metallic shells and plates. Focusing on the importance of the energetic efficiency during an explosive forming procedure, the explosion phenomenon and relating formulation will be reviewed in this article. Furthermore, influential differences between air and water as the media of explosion and their effects on explosive forming process will be discussed. On the other hand, a new theory, called ‘the energy method’ that can be used for calculation of the maximum radial deflection of cylindrical shells under explosive loading will be introduced in this article. Besides, the selected results of hundreds of experiments that have been conducted on different tubular shells by the use of water and air as media of explosive forming process will be presented and the maximum transverse displacements of the shells that have been experimentally tested will then be compared to the results of the proposed energy method. Comparison between the maximum radial deformation of cylindrical specimens that were used in this research and theoretical results shows that the accuracy of the new theory is approximately 84%.

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4

Šunjić, Darko, and Stipo Buljan. "Determination of Velocity of Detonation Using Dautrich Method." Advanced Technologies & Materials 43, no. 2 (December 15, 2018): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/atm-2018-2-006.

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Explosive forming appeared at the end of the 19th century as unconventional technology that provides new methods to get workpieces with bigger dimensions and complex geometries. As a source of energy this technology uses explosives. Explosive, as such, is relatively inexpensive and theoretically with it, it is possible to get any amount of energy that is needed. Explosive forming is used with other technologies such as deep drawing, expansion of pipes, welding etc. One of the main explosive characteristics is the velocity of detonation that can be determined, inter alia, with the Dautrich method. This paper clarifies the method and gives a case study with explosive Vitezit 20.

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5

Alipour, Roozbeh. "Physically-based modelling for sheet metal cone parts forming under blast loading." Mechanics & Industry 22 (2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2021002.

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Forming sheet metals under blast loading or the explosive forming technique has many advantages for productions, but it is restricted due to its accuracy. This paper introduces a novel theoretical-empirical study for explosive sheet metal forming based on the simple plasticity principles. It provides a method of producing the sheet metal cone parts forming under blast loading, including an analytical model and experimental validation. Firstly, a theoretical-empirical model for cone forming based on underwater explosion employing the impulse method is developed. The model on the whole revealed the relationships among the geometrical parameters of forming a process that is very useful to predict the certain explosive mass for complete forming a cone part. Afterward, a series of experiments are conducted to validate the developed model and also for the required modification in the solution. Comparing the theoretical-empirical solution and experimental results, the ability of the presented model for estimation of the explosive mass is demonstrated. Experimental results show that the theoretical model matched the experiments well.

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6

Szalay, Andras, Athanasios G. Mamalis, István Zador, Achilleas K. Vortselas, and Laszlo Lukacs. "Explosive Metalworking: Experimental and Numerical Modeling Aspects." Materials Science Forum 767 (July 2013): 138–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.767.138.

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The application of the High Energy Rate Forming (HERF) represents a new paradigm in the field of production of knowledge-based more components materials: furthermore, joining by plastic deformation of the materials is carried out directly, by high speed, high energy shock waves, without using energy transforming equipment as hydraulic presses etc. The energy sources of the HERF processes are either the electrical energy stored in capacitors or chemical energy stored in the high explosives. High explosives can be utilized for many metalworking techniques; however the three main types of explosive metalworking are: Explosive welding and cladding Explosive tubeforming Explosive compaction of powders and granulates. The present work briefly introduces the principles and practices of the three main types of the explosive metalworking techniques mentioned above and discusses aspects of their numerical simulation.

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7

Alipour, Roozbeh, A. Frokhi Nejad, S. Izman, and M. N. Tamin. "Computer Aided Design and Analysis of Conical Forming Dies Subjected to Blast Load." Applied Mechanics and Materials 735 (February 2015): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.735.50.

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In this paper design and analysis a die meant to cone explosive forming have been investigated. Since the explosive forming dies are subjected to blast loading, failure is too likely to pass. Likewise, the special geometry such as existing the several holes, sealing grooves, vacuum channel and fillets of this type of dies under explosion wave makes their analysis complicated. In the present work, the die was designed according to the final product dimension assisting a design software. In the next step the die under blast loading was analyzed using finite element method utilizing FEM software. The outcomes exhibit that the die is capable to withstand the explosion load. Besides, the trend of this paper is recommended as a routine for the designers who are going to design these types of dies.

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8

Han, Jilong, Zhonghua Du, Chao Zheng, Yongxu Wang, Yuqing Shang, Weiming Huang, Xi Wang, and Jinbei Zhao. "Study on Forming Law and Penetration of a Spherical Cone Composite Structure Liner Based on the Explosion Pressure-Coupling Constraint Principle." Materials 15, no. 14 (July 7, 2022): 4750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15144750.

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The liner is an important part of shaped charge. In this paper, the spherical cone composite structure liner composed of a spherical missing body and truncated cone (hereinafter referred to as the SCS liner) is studied. The SCS liner is made of copper. Based on this, a shaped charge structure based on the explosion pressure-coupling constraint principle is designed, filling an 8701 explosive (RDX-based explosive). Through pulse X-ray tests, numerical simulation, and static explosion tests, the significance of the detonation pressure-coupling constraint principle, as well as the forming law and penetration efficiency of the SCS liner are studied. The results show that in the pulsed X-ray test, a split jet with high velocity is formed in the SCS liner. The explosion pressure-coupling constraint principle delays the attenuation of the internal explosion pressure and improves the shape of jet. After the SCS liner is selected, the penetration depth is increased by 70.38%. The average head velocity of the explosive charge jet is 7594.81 m/s. The diameter of the hole formed by the jet of the explosive charge is 20.33 mm. The hole expands inside, and the perforation depth is 178.87 mm. The numerical simulation is in good agreement with the test.

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9

Ren, Xiao-Ming, Yue-Wei Ding, Zhuo Wang, and Pei-Jia Zhang. "Study on TaN Thin Film Transducer Fabricated on the AlN Surface." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2478, no. 5 (June 1, 2023): 052002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/5/052002.

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Abstract In order to develop a new type of transducer for insensitive explosive devices, the problems in the film forming process of AlN ceramic surface were studied and the solutions were given. By comparison of ignition experiments, the surface roughness and average ignition current of the TaN film energy commutator prepared on the surface of polished AlN ceramics were smaller and higher. It met the technical requirements of insensitive explosive devices, which provided a new way for insensitive explosives.

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10

Kim, Young-Kook, Seong-Seung Kang, and Sang-Ho Cho. "Experimental and Numerical Studies on Application of Industrial Explosives to Explosive Welding, Explosive Forming, Shock Powder Consolidation." Journal of Korean Society For Rock Mechanics 22, no. 1 (February 29, 2012): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7474/tus.2012.22.1.069.

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11

Moravec, Ján. "Tvárnenie v hydraulickom prostredí explóziou." Technológ 15, no. 1 (2023): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/tech.c.2023.1.4.

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The article describes and analyses the issue of explosive sheet metal forming in a hydro environment. In the introductory part, the necessary theoretical and technological knowledge is presented, which is necessary as a theoretical introduction to the issue. The explosion process in a liquid environment is described. The reflection from the surface and bottom of the tank used in the experiment is important. The paper only offers a view of the theoretical side of the process, because the legislative framework does not yet allow direct experimental work to be carried out, which must be done by a certified specialist in the handling of explosives.

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12

Carton, Eric. "Wave Forming Mechanisms in Explosive Welding." Materials Science Forum 465-466 (September 2004): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.465-466.219.

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13

Mynors, D. J., and B. Zhang. "Applications and capabilities of explosive forming." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 125-126 (September 2002): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(02)00413-2.

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14

Bally, J., A. Ginsburg, and M. M. Kasliwal. "Explosive Outflows from Forming Massive Stars." EAS Publications Series 75-76 (2015): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/eas/1575049.

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15

Shao, Peng, Dong Quan Wang, Chun Rong Liu, and Yu Xiao Zhu. "Experimental Study on Forming Underground Space in Soil Using Explosive Lining Method." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 1121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.1121.

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Explosive lining is a new method to construct underground space in soil. By making the most of compressibility of soil and thixotropy of concrete under explosive loading, this method offers an efficient path to form a cavity and its concrete support layer synchronously. In order to investigate the forming effect, a series of contrastive laboratory tests, including explosive lining method and conventional explosive compaction method, were performed under same soil and explosive conditions. Results show that measured dynamic stress and displacement by explosive lining method are higher than that of by conventional explosive compaction method under same equivalent radius, and the range of compact region in soil is larger too. Similarly, the physical and mechanical performance indexes of soil, such as water content and cohesion are superior to that of by conventional explosive compaction. It is approved that an even thickness concrete support layer can be formed in one-shot forming process by explosive lining, and there is no evident cranny region in the soil around the cavity.

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16

Chornyi, H. "MICROTRACES IN THE SYSTEM OF CRIMINAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TERRORIST NATURE CRIMES." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 22, no. 2 (October 26, 2020): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2020.05.

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The article is devoted to study of problems of microtraces classification at the general theoretical and scientific forensic level with subsequent extrapolation to microtraces which form a typical trace evidence picture of forensic characteristics in terrorist nature crimes. The analysis of scientific approaches to the definition of microtrace allows us to identify and outline main features typical for this definition, namely: small size; small amount of substances and materials: invisible or faintly visible under normal conditions of observation; peculiarities of their detection, record, seizure and research. The classification of microtraces based on various grounds is provided. Thus, according to organization of matter (form of physical embodiment), microtraces (microparticles) are divided into: single physical formations (individual physical bodies with a stable form); substances (materials) that do not take the from of an individual body (liquids, powdered substances). In accordance with immediate source of origin, micro-objects are classified into two large groups: parts of natural origin (from natural objects); parts separated from objects that are largely processed or man-made. In the first group, four subgroups must be distinguished: microtraces that have separated from the human body; micro-objects from animal; microparticles from plants; micro-objects of mineral nature. When considering micro-objects in conjunction with carrier objects, they are differentiated by a trace-forming object and the type of contact with the carrier: overlay; inclusion; layering. It is noted that the most typical ways of committing terrorist nature crimes are the use of firearms, cold weapons and the use of explosive weapons and / or explosives. Taking into account the fact that manufacture, possession and use of explosive weapons or explosives for the investigation of crimes of this category affects the criminal law qualification, tactics of individual investigative actions (eg site inspection, search, etc.). Microtraces can be classified according to conditions and time of their formation into the following groups: formation of microtraces that are associated with illegal manufacture, acquisition, storage, sale of explosive weapons or explosives; microtraces of preparation of explosive weapons directly before the explosion; microtraces of explosive weapons. The analysis of the essence of these situations allowed the author to establish and provide an appropriate list of typical microtraces in investigation of terrorist nature crime.

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17

Zapata, Luis A., Manuel Fernández-López, Silvia Leurini, Estrella Guzmán Ccolque, Skretas, I. M., Luis F. Rodríguez, Aina, Palau, Karl M. Menten, and Friedrich, Wyrowski. "One, Two, Three ... An Explosive Outflow in IRAS 12326-6245 Revealed by ALMA." Astrophysical Journal Letters 956, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): L35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acfe71.

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Abstract In the last years there has been a substantial increase in the number of the reported massive and luminous star-forming regions with related explosive outflows thanks to the superb sensitivity and angular resolution provided by the new radio, infrared, and optical facilities. Here, we report one more explosive outflow related with the massive and bright star-forming region IRAS 12326−6245 using Band 6 sensitive and high-angular-resolution (∼0.″2) Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array observations. We find over 10 molecular and collimated well-defined streamers, with Hubble–Lemaitre–like expansion motions, and pointing right to the center of a dusty and molecular shell (reported for the first time here) localized in the northern part of the UC H ii region known as G301.1A. The estimated kinematic age and energy for the explosion are ∼700 yr and 1048 erg, respectively. Taking into account the recently reported explosive outflows together with IRAS 12326−6245, we estimate an event rate of once every 90 yr in our Galaxy, similar to the formation rate of massive stars.

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18

Iyama, Hirofumi, and Shigeru Itoh. "Eccentric Spherical Forming of Metal Plate by Underwater Shock Loading." Materials Science Forum 673 (January 2011): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.673.291.

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Explosive forming is one of the effective metal forming methods using underwater shock wave generated by the detonation of an explosive. We have done the experiment of eccentric spherical free metal forming by this method. This free metal forming process does not use require expensive metal die. We used simple metal die with only circular edges and considered the metal plate formed to required shape using this method. It was possible to change the pressure distribution applied on the metal plate by changing the set-up position of explosive and the shape of the device. We have considered this method to cause lessen cost in the small production by various types of metal forming process. In this paper, we introduce the method of eccentric spherical free metal forming using underwater shock wave and present the experimental results.

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19

Sabelkin, V. P., and Marco A. Hernandez Rojo. "Industrial Applications of the Superplastic Explosive Forming." Materials Science Forum 357-359 (January 2001): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.357-359.65.

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20

Iyama, Hirofumi, and Shigeru Itoh. "Study on Explosive Forming of Aluminum Alloy." International Journal of Multiphysics 4, no. 4 (December 2010): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1750-9548.4.4.341.

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21

IYAMA, Hirofumi, Takeshi HINATA, Masashi FUJITA, Tadashi OHYA, and Shigeru ITOH. "Effect of Pressure Vessel on Explosive Forming." Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2003 (2003): 267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2003.267.

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22

Victor, GHIZDAVU, and MARIN Niculae. "EXPLOSIVE FORMING – ECONOMICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR AEROSPACE STRUCT." INCAS BULLETIN 2, no. 4 (December 24, 2010): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2010.2.4.15.

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23

Justham, S. "Forming the Progenitors of Explosive Stellar Transients." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, S339 (November 2017): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921318002168.

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AbstractExplosive stellar transients arise from diverse situations, including deaths of massive stars, a variety of thermonuclear outbursts, and compact-object mergers. Stellar interactions are heavily implicated in explaining the observed populations of events, and not only those where binarity is obviously involved. Relationships between these classes probably help to elucidate our understanding; for example; the production of double neutron-star mergers from field binaries is thought to be heavily biased towards routes involving stripped core-collapse supernovæ. As we gain an ever more synoptic view of the changing sky, theorists should be mindful of developing an ability to take robust quantitative advantage of the available population information to help constrain the physics. This is complementary to aiming for deep understanding of individual events.

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24

Martí, J. "Pressure evolution during explosive caldera-forming eruptions." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 175, no. 3-4 (February 15, 2000): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(99)00296-4.

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25

HINATA, Takeshi, Hirofumi IYAMA, and Shigeru ITOH. "Research on explosive forming of lightweight material." Proceedings of the Materials and processing conference 2004.12 (2004): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemp.2004.12.169.

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26

Zheng, Jian Li, Ren Hua Bai, and Yuan Lou Gao. "Velocity in High Viscosity Fluid Forming Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 281 (January 2013): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.281.347.

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In the process of extrusion of explosive whose melt is high viscosity fluid, the quality of explosive is decided by temperature field and flow velocity, because temperature field is depend on the flow velocity and temperature of Jacket water, velocity in forming process has more impact on quality of product. The paper studies on the relationship between flow velocity and molding quality by simulate the progress that relevant a plant. The result shows that quality and velocity of flow are positively related to the square.

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27

Shaptala, Vadim. "IMPROVING THE EXPLOSION AND FIRE SAFETY OF INDUSTRIAL PREMISES WITH THE RELEASE OF ORGANIC DUST." Problems of risk management in the technosphere 2023, no. 4 (February 14, 2024): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.61260/1998-8990-2024-2023-4-92-99.

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The stability of the work of enterprises of dust-forming areas of industry critically depends on the ability of enterprises to ensure the required level of explosion and fire safety of production, which increases the relevance of improving the traditional methods used, as well as the introduction of new and additional explosion prevention measures. In the article, using mathematical and computer modeling methods, the main factors and patterns of the formation of an explosive dust situation in ventilated industrial premises with the release of combustible dust are investigated. On this basis, the possibility of using permanent general exchange ventilation to reduce the likelihood of the formation of explosive situations and prevent the occurrence of explosions and fires in dusty industrial premises is shown.

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28

Miao, Qin Shu, Xiao Ming Wang, Wen Bin Li, Wei Bing Li, and Yu Zheng. "The Effect of Explosive Material on the Formation of Explosively Formed Penetrator." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 4065–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.4065.

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In order to research the effect of explosive material on the formation of EFP, this paper studies the effect of five different explosive materials, PETN, SEP, TNT, PE4BOOSTER and 8701, on forming EFP, using ANSYS/LS-DYNA simulation software. It obtained the influence of the material character of the explosive on the formation parameters of EFP, such as velocity and length-diameter ratio. It can be found that, when the density of explosive increases from 1.26g/cm3 to 1.7g/cm3, the velocity of EFP increases by 50.8%, and the length-diameter ratio improves by 2.16 times. It is good to choose the explosive with high energy and speed in design charge warhead at the same condition. The simulation results were validated through X-ray imaging experimentation. Both results are in agreement well.

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29

Shao, Peng, Yong Zhang, Wen Ming Gao, and Yong Qiang Liu. "Investigation on Zonal Characteristics in Soil of Synchronous Explosion Forming." Key Engineering Materials 306-308 (March 2006): 1421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.306-308.1421.

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Synchronous explosion forming, which takes advantage of the thixotropy of concrete or cement mortar and the condensability of soil under blasting concussion, is a newly developed method to construct underground cavities. In this paper, the mechanism of the new method is elucidated first, and then the zonal characteristics in soil are investigated emphatically. In order to accomplish comparative analysis, both synchronous explosion forming and conventional compression blasting experiments are conducted under same soil and explosive conditions. Experimental results indicate that the zonal characteristics in soil by synchronous explosion forming differ from that of by conventional compression blasting. When the new method is applied, formation and growth of cracks in soil during blasting is restrained, and the crannied region, which is usually produced in conventional compression blasting can be substituted by a soil- cement mortar occlusive region. Additional, the compaction range in soil is large when the new method is used. The zonal characteristics of synchronous explosion forming are more advantageous to the bearing capacity of soil and secular stability of cavity.

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30

Urazbakhtin, V. F., and F. A. Urazbakhtin. "Comprehensive Assessment of Criticality in the Form of a Shock Wave During Explosing Forming." Intellekt. Sist. Proizv. 20, no. 1 (April 2, 2022): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2410-9304-2022-1-77-87.

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The paper considers the possibility of quantifying the shock wave arising from the explosion of a charge of high explosive. Evaluation is proposed by many indicators characterizing the onset of criticality. Criticality indicators are estimates of performance of functions of the stamping process system. Criticality occurs if at least one system performance indicator does not match the set range. It has been shown that the development of criticality leads to an uncomputed motion mode of the shock wave. The shock wave that occurs after the explosion of the charge of high explosive is the subject of special requirements during stamping. Meeting the requirements during plastic deformation of the workpiece will lead to the production of high-quality large-sized parts of rocket equipment. Non-compliance is considered critical. The shock wave is necessary to perform the main function of the stamping system: power mechanical action and plastic deformation of the workpiece. The performance of this shock wave function is achieved as a result of auxiliary functions, for example, the movement of hydraulic flow in the stamping zone and the gas bubble formed during the explosion of the charge. The performance of each function is assessed by its criticality indicator. Indicators are combined into a mathematical model. The article presents 16 indicators of criticality. With the help of a mathematical model, a complex assessment is calculated. The assessment indicates the degree of proximity of the occurrence of the non-calculated mode of impact wave action during stamping of large missile parts by explosion.

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31

Itoh, S., S. Nagano, R. Matumura, H. Iyama, K. Murata, and Y. Katou. "304 On Arbitrary Free Metal Sheet Forming using the Underwater Explosion of Explosive." Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2001 (2001): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2001.81.

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32

Shaker Reddy, Gummi Chandra, Chennamgari Goud, and Pallati Mahesh. "CONTROL MEASURES AND SAFETY PRACTISES USED FOR FLY ROCK ISSUES IN MINING DUE TO BLASTING." Industrial Engineering Journal 51, no. 10 (2023): 112–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36893/iej.2022.v51i10.112-125.

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Blasting involves the breaking of rocks using explosive that rapidly change due to chemical reaction forming huge volumes of gases with high pressure and temperature causing kinetic energy. The blasting process is primarily a rock–explosive interaction that entails application of pressure generated by detonation of explosives, on rock mass, over a few milliseconds. This rock–explosive interaction results in rock breakage and heaving of the broken rock mass (muck). In comparison to the mechanical methods that rely predominantly on the compressive breakage, blasting exploits the tensile strength of the rock mass. This is probably the reason that blasting is still the most prevalent and economical method for rock breakage. Blasting, in general, results in ‘desired’ and ‘undesired’ outcomes that may be ‘regular’ or ‘random’ in nature. Any mismatch between the energy available and the work done will increase the adverse or undesired blast results like excessive throw and fly rock. Fly rock and excessive throw occur due to deviations in blast design execution, use of excessive explosive energy than the required levels to fragment and throw the rock mass, and/or presence of rock mass features, not accounted for during blasting

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33

Fengman, He, Tong Zheng, Wang Ning, and Hu Zhiyong. "Explosive forming of thin-wall semi-spherical parts." Materials Letters 45, no. 2 (August 2000): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-577x(00)00092-6.

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34

Tirosh, J., and D. Iddan. "Explosive forming (extrusion and drawing) of porous solids." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 24 (December 1990): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(90)90182-t.

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35

Tiesheng, Zhang, Li Zhensheng, Guo Changji, and Tong Zheng. "Explosive forming of spherical metal vessels without dies." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 31, no. 1-2 (May 1992): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(92)90014-j.

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36

Moshksar, M. M., and S. Borji. "End effect in the explosive forming of tubes." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 42, no. 4 (May 1994): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(94)90148-1.

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Zhang Rui and Zhang Tie-Sheng. "Non-die explosive forming of spherical pressure vessels." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 41, no. 3 (March 1994): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(94)90170-8.

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IYAMA, Hirofumi, Shiro NAGANO, and Shigeru ITOH. "On Study of Pipe Processing by Explosive Forming." Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2002 (2002): 151–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2002.151.

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Yildiz, R. A. "Explosive Forming of Precipitation-Hardened Aluminum Alloy Tubes." Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 58, no. 6 (December 2022): 738–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0010508222060119.

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Yildiz, R. A. "Explosive Forming of Precipitation-Hardened Aluminum Alloy Tubes." Физика горения и взрыва 58, no. 6 (2022): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/fgv20220611.

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Akbari Mousavi, S. A. A., M. Riahi, and A. Hagh Parast. "Experimental and numerical analyses of explosive free forming." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 187-188 (June 2007): 512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.11.208.

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Nishi, Masatoshi, Hiroko Sakaguchi, Hirofumi Iyama, Li Qun Ruan, and Masahiro Fujita. "Basic Research on Explosive Forming of Magnesium Alloy Plate." Materials Science Forum 910 (January 2018): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.910.90.

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This study has investigated the plastic forming of magnesium alloys plate. It is not easy to perform the cold-worked with the usual plastic forming method although magnesium alloys have the advantages in terms of strength-to-weight ratio. Therefore, explosive forming method which is one of the plastic forming methods with a specific forming mechanism has been applied. At first, numerical simulations have been conducted to clarify the optimal combination conditions, and then we have verified practical effectiveness of this proposed method by using experimental study.

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Mojzeszko, M., K. Perzynski, L. Madej, and J. Majta. "Multi-scale modelling of deformation heterogeneities in explosively welded layered sheets." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1270, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1270/1/012088.

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A multi-scale numerical investigation of local heterogeneities in the strain and stress fields occurring during forming of explosively welded layered metallic sheets is the main goal of the research. Explosive welding is a complex process involving various phenomena occurring in materials during an impact at high velocities and pressures, especially at the interfaces of colliding metals. As a result, the interface of the layered metallic sheets is often highly heterogeneous at the microscale level, what directly affects the sheet behaviour under subsequent forming conditions. To investigate this issue, the mesh-free numerical model of the explosive welding process is used first to recreate the characteristic features of the interface morphology. Various detonation velocities are used to provide diversified morphological features at the interface. Obtained results are then used as input data to develop the concurrent multi-scale finite element model of material behaviour under deformation conditions. The multi-scale modelling concept with explicit representation of the interface region is used. The highly refined heterogeneous FE mesh was generated in the interface region to capture local heterogeneities occurring at the microscale. Particular attention is put on numerical investigation of an influence of interface morphology in the welding zone on the development of the stress localisation that may directly lead to fracture initiation during forming.

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Alipour, Roozbeh, Sudin Izman, and Mohd Nasir Tamin. "Estimation of Charge Mass for High Speed Forming of Circular Plates Using Energy Method." Advanced Materials Research 845 (December 2013): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.845.803.

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In this paper the explosive mass for forming a circular plate to a cone is determined using the energy method. To achieve this goal, the strain energy which is necessary to form a circular plate to a cone is calculated at first. Later the transmitted energy due to the detonation of an explosive material which is placed in a constant stand-off distance to a circular plate is specified. Equaling the strain energy and the transmitted energy, the explosive mass is figured out. Comparing the obtained results with the experiments shows the relatively acceptable compatibility.

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Iyama, Hirofumi, Yoshikazu Higa, and Shigeru Itoh. "Study on the Effects of Shock Wave Propagation on Explosive Forming." Materials Science Forum 767 (July 2013): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.767.132.

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Explosive forming is one of the unconventional techniques, in which, most commonly, the water is used as the pressure transmission medium. The explosive is set at the top of the pressure vessel filled with water, and is detonated by an electric detonator. The underwater shock wave propagates through the water medium and impinges on the metal plate, which in turn, deforms. There is another pressure pulse acting on the metal plate as the secondary by product of the expansion of the gas generated by detonation of explosive. The secondary pressure pulse duration is longer and the peak pressure is lower than the primary shock pressure. However, the intensity of these pressure pulse is based also on the conditions of a pressure vessel. In order to understand the effects of the configuration of the pressure vessel on the deformation of a metal plate, numerical simulation was performed. This paper reports those results.

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Liu, Jie, Zhong Hua Du, Rong Zhong Liu, and Yu Cai Dong. "The Study of LEFP Based on One Part of Semicircle Liner." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 1625–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.1625.

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In order to obtain the forming and the velocity of LEFP(Linear Explosively Formed Penetrators) based on one part of semicircle liner, the X-ray radiography and test velocity technology are used to obtain the forming and velocity of LEFP. In this paper, an analytical approach to describe the two-dimensional liner motion of LSCs is addressed firstly at a detonation-point. The relationship of LEFP flight distance can approximate a linear equation to estimate the distance of LEFP before contacting target. Experimental results showed that the shape of LEFP likes a scimitar according to gray image, and LEFP can close around linear explosive charge length axis direction.

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Liu, Jun Jie, Ming Lu, and Qiong Wang. "An Intrinsic Safe Design for the Coal Mine Gas Explosion-Proof Monitoring." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 550–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.550.

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The explosion-proof monitoring system of oxygen content usually is used situates in an explosive mine gas explosion monitoring site, the spark and thermal effects in its monitoring circuit are likely to form dangerous explosion source. Based on the intelligent control technology of MCU(msp430) and radio data transmission technique, this mine oxygen content monitoring system was designed according to the highest mining explosion-proof standards, so that its monitoring circuit can meet the intrinsically safe explosion-proof requirements. That is, when the hardware circuit of a explosion-proof monitoring of oxygen content was designed, the factors for limiting the heat source energy with forming the spark and thermal effects must be considered seriously.

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Ruan, Li Qun. "Dynamic Forming of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy Using Explosive Energy." Materials Science Forum 673 (January 2011): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.673.297.

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Magnesium alloys are poor in ductility at room temperature and it is known that the cold working is very difficult. Therefore, the development of forming methods, especially at normal temperature, is highly expected [1]. In this paper, AZ91 magnesium block were accelerated more than 100 m/s and the magnesium alloy was well deformed into the die gap. The cross-sectional microstructure was characterized and the deformation of the magnesium was discussed.

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Gerasimov, S. I., D. V. Malyarov, A. G. Sirotkina, S. A. Kapinos, A. P. Kalmykov, and A. S. Knyazev. "Explosive Shaped Projectors for Forming High-Velocity Compact Elements." Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 56, no. 4 (August 2020): 486–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0010508220040139.

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IYAMA, Hirofumi, Takeshi HINATA, and Shigeru ITOH. "2814 Study on Explosive Forming of Aluminum Alloy Plate." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2006.1 (2006): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2006.1.0_277.

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